History 201
Outlines for Exam 3
Antebellum Reform Movements & the Whigs
I. The Second Great Awakening
II. American Utopianism
III. Humanitarian Reforms
IV. Women’s Rights
V. American Whigs
A. Whigs and Reform
B. Whigs in Politics (1836-1840)
Revivalism
camp meetings
evangelism
Lyman Beecher
Albert Finney
American Bible Society
Cult of Domesticity
Catherine Beecher
Robert Owen
New Harmony, Indiana
Albert Brisbane
Charles Fourier
Phalanx
Brook Farm
John Humphrey
Bible Communists
Oneida, New York
Thomas H. Gallaudet
Dorothea Dix
Worcester, Mass
Seneca Falls Convention
Margaret Fuller
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Horace Mann
Workingman’s Party
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Abraham Lincoln
Daniel Webster
William Henry Harrison
Hugh White
Martin Van Buren
John Tyler
Henry Clay
Texas Annexation, 1844
Manifest Destiny
I. Development of an Idea
II. Expansion
III. Annexation – Texas
IV. Conquest – Mexican War
John O’Sullivan
“natural boundaries”
“area of liberty”
Republic of Mexico
“chosen nation”
Moses Austin
GTT
Sam Houston
the Raven
Big Drunk
Santa Anna
Jim Bowie
Washington on the Brazos
James K. Polk
Spot Resolution
Guadaloupe Hidalgo
The Way West
Myth & Reality
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
Frontier Reveries of Frederick Jackson Turner
The Fur Frontier
Pioneering in General
The Overland Trails
California
A. Gold Rush
B. Sectional Tensions
Frontier Theory
sociopaths
Jeremiah Johnson
typhoid
asiatic cholera
John Jacob Aster
factory system
The Company
Donner party
Immigrants Guide
Langford Hastings
Hastings Cutoff
Fort Hall
Fort Laramie
Sutter’s Mill
Barn Burners
Zachary Taylor
Gold in California
I. Gold Rush
II. Life Among the 49’ers
III. California Gold and the National Economy
IV. Complication of Sectional Tensions
V. Compromise of 1950
Sutter’s Mill
49’ers
Barn Burners
Zachary Taylor
John C. Calhoun
Omnibus Bill
Compromise of 1850
✓Before the parties, and the Union,
ruptured Henry Clay hammered out yet
another compromise.
✓California & New Mexico become states
with no mention of slavery status.
✓Washington, D.C. slave trade abolished.
✓A tough new fugitive slave law enacted.
✓Texas’s war debts assumed by the Federal
govt.
✓At first the compromise is praised by all
sides, but not for long.
Henry Clay
The Great Compromiser
Divisions Over Slavery
I. Admission of Missouri (1818-1821)
A.The Tallmadge Amendment (1818)
B. The Missouri Compromise (1820)
II. The Mexican Cession Territories
A. The Wilmot Proviso (1846)
B. The Compromise of 1850
III. The Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854-1856)
A.Purpose of the Act
B. Its Political Results
C.Bleeding Kansas
James Tallmadge
36" 30' David Wilmot Fugitive Slave Law of 1850
John Calhoun William Seward
Samuel Chase popular sovereignty
Cotton Whigs Conscience Whigs
Know-Nothings
border ruffians
John Brown
LeCompton Constitution
The Missouri Compromise (1820)
•The Missouri question was settled in 1820 by a
compromise. The compromise stated that:
Missouri should be admitted as a slave state;
Maine should be admitted at the same time as a free state;
Slavery should be prohibited in all of the Louisiana Purchase
territory north of latitude 36"30' except in Missouri itself.
• At the heart of the Missouri compromise was the assumption that
there should be a balance between free and slave states in the United
States.
Missouri and Maine were admitted in 1820-21,
Arkansas and Michigan in 1837-37,
Florida and Iowa in 1845-46,
Texas and Wisconsin in 1845-48.
The Wilmot Proviso (1846)
In 1846 David Wilmot, a Pennsylvania Democrat,
introduced an amendment to a troop supply bill.
The resolution stated that, since slavery was forbidden
in Mexico, it should be barred in any territory acquired
from Mexico.
The Wilmot Proviso triggered a bitter struggle in
Congress. It passed in the House, but was defeated in
the Senate.
The Kansas/Nebraska Act (1854)
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Stephen Douglas, Senator from Illinois, was very interested in having a
transcontinental railroad stop in his home city of Chicago.
Douglas introduced the Kansas-Nebraska Bill in 1854 to make the railroad
extension easier.
He proposed the creation of two new territories, Kansas and Nebraska.
Popular sovereignty would decide whether there would be slavery or not.
The bill caused a firestorm of opposition because it allowed slavery north of
the Missouri Compromise line.
Northern Democrats, southerners, and President Franklin Pierce supported
the bill.
Douglas got the bill passed on May 30, 1854. It was signed into law by
President Pierce.
This provision repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820.
Rise of the Republican Party
I. Contributors to Republican Success
II. Republican Constituency
III. Republican Issues
IV. The Election of 1860
A. The Conventions
B. Abraham Lincoln
V. Republican Victory and Its Results
Panic of 1857 Dred Scott (1857)
Roger Taney Lincoln-Douglas
Debates (1858)
popular sovereignty
Abraham Lincoln
John Brown’s Raid (1859)
Harpers Ferry Ralph Waldo Emerson
John Fremont Homestead Bill William Seward Samuel Chase Free Soil Party
land grant colleges
John C. Breckinridge
Stephen Douglas
John Bell
Constitutional Union
South Carolina
The Dred Scott Decision
(1857)
• Dred Scott, sued for his freedom in the court system.
• Supreme Court Chief justice Roger Taney wrote the majority opinion,
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which claimed that:
No Negro slave or descendant of a slave could be a citizen of the United
States.
Scott could not bring suit in the federal courts.
Taney further stated that:
Congress had no right to prohibit slavery in the territories.
Thus, the Missouri compromise was null and void from the day of its
enactment.
The decision delighted the South.
The Republican Party was placed in a defensive position.
The Freeport Doctrine
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The Dred Scott decision became the subject of a series of important
debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas.
Lincoln (R) and Douglas (D) were running for a Senate seat.
Douglas insisted that the Dred Scott decision in no way compromised
his principle of popular sovereignty.
At a debate in Freeport, Illinois, Lincoln forced Douglas into making a
statement that has come to be known as the “Freeport Doctrine.”
Douglas said that:
Although slavery might be legal in the territories, it could not exist where
people failed to enact legislation that supported it.
Any territory could refuse to pass laws that supported slavery.
Without laws to support and control it, slavery could not exist.
So, the people could still exercise popular sovereignty.
Election of 1860
I. The Election of 1860
A. The Conventions
B. Abraham Lincoln
II. Republican Victory and
Its Results
John C. Breckinridge
Stephen Douglas
John Bell
Constitutional Union
William Seward
Salmon Chase
Abraham Lincoln
South Carolina
A Sectional Election
Candidate
Electoral Votes
Abraham Lincoln
(R)
180
John Breckinridge
(SD)
72
John C. Bell (CU)
39
Stephen Douglas
(ND)
12
Secession and Reaction
I.
II.
III.
IV.
Support for Secession
Attempts at Compromise
Lincoln’s Policy
Fort Sumter
state conventions
C.S.A.
Jefferson Davis
James Buchanan
lame duck
Crittendon Compromise
Va. Convention
Fort Pickins
Fort Sumter
Captain Anderson
Observations On The Civil War
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
Resources, Advantages, Disadvantages
Military Strategies
Why They Fought
How They Fought
The Butcher’s Bill
Winfield Scott
Anaconda Plan
“Napoleon” Cannon
rifled musket
bayonet
Antietam
localism
Appomattox
R ES OUR C ES
N O RT H
S OU TH
Population
22,700,000
8,700,000*
Workers
1,300,000
110,000
Factories
110,000
1,800
Iron Production
20
1
Textiles
17
1
Product Value
1.5 billion
155 million
Rail Tracks
22,000 miles
9,000 miles
Firearms
32
1