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First Revision No. 100-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Global Input ]
Table K.4(e) Low-Voltage Equipment, Buses and Bus Ducts: Maintenance of Equipment Subject to Long
Intervals Between Shutdowns — Electrical Distribution
Outdoor Maintenance and Testing Open Buses:
Check connection bolts for tightness
(15.1.3).
Torque in accordance ing to manufacturer's installation
instructions with 8.11.
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Committee
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Retorquing to check for tightness may not be a suitable method. The new 8.11 improves the
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First Revision No. 101-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Global Input ]
Table L.1 Interval Guidelines
Motor Control Equipment
Bus bar, wiring, and terminal connections
Check connections for tightness and proper torque in
accordance with 8.11
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Statement:
Retorquing to check for tightness may not be a suitable method. The new 8.11 improves the
installation and maintenance process of connections and terminations for better safety and
reliability.
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First Revision No. 107-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Global Input ]
Delete 'or D 2285' from ASTM Method column in Table 11.19(a).
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First Revision No. 108-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Global Input ]
Delete 'or D 2285' from ASTM Method column in Table 11.19(e).
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First Revision No. 77-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Global Input ]
Throughout document change " Arc Flash Hazard Analysis" to "Risk Assessment."
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Committee Statement: Change to conform to NFPA 70E terminology.
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First Revision No. 84-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Global Input ]
Add new case history #10 to new Annex Q.
Supplemental Information
File Name
Description
Annex_Q_Fig_Q.12.png
fig Q.12
Annex_Q_Fig._Q.13.png
Fig Q.13
Annex_Q_Fig._11.jpg
fig Q.11
Case_history_for_Global_FR-84_Q.10_edited.docx
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Committee Statement: This case history illustrates the effectiveness of performing maintenance.
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First Revision No. 85-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Global Input ]
add new case history #5 to new annex Q.
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File Name
Description
FR_85_SHERMCO_Annex_Q_Fig_Q-1.jpg
PIC Q-1
FR_85_SHERMCO_Annex_Q_Fig_Q-2.jpg
PIC Q-2
FR_85_SHERMCO_Annex_Q_Fig_Q-3.jpg
PIC Q-3
FR_85_SHERMCO_Annex_Q_Fig_Q-4.jpg
PIC Q-4
FR_85_SHERMCO_Annex_Q_Fig_Q-5.jpg
PIC Q-5
FR_85_SHERMCO_Annex_Q_Fig_Q-6.jpg
PIC Q-6
Case_History_for_Global_FR-85_Q.5_edited.docx
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Committee Statement: This case history illustrates that lack of maintenance can result in significant losses.
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First Revision No. 86-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Global Input ]
add new case history #6 to new annex Q.
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File Name
Description
Case_History_for_Global_FR-86_Q.6_edited.docx
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Committee Statement: This case history illustrates that lack of maintenance can result in significant losses.
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First Revision No. 87-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Global Input ]
add new case #11 history to new annex Q.
Supplemental Information
File Name
Description
Annex_Q_Fig_Q-14.png
fig Q.14
Annex_Q_Fig_Q-15.png
fig Q.15
Annex_Q_Fig_Q-16.png
fig q.16
Case_History_for_Global_FR-87_Q.11_edited.docx
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Committee Statement: This case history illustrates that lack of maintenance can result in significant losses.
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First Revision No. 88-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Global Input ]
add new case history#12 to new annex Q.
Supplemental Information
File Name
Annex_Q_Fig_Q-17.jpg
Description
Fig Q.17
Annex_Q_Fig_Q-18.jpg
Fig Q-18
Annex_Q_Fig_Q-19.jpg
Fig Q.19
Annex_Q_Fig_Q-20.jpg
Fig Q-20
Annex_Q_Fig_Q-21.jpg
Fig Q-21
Annex_Q_Fig_Q-22.jpg
Fig Q-22
Annex_Q_Fig_Q-23.jpg
Fig Q-23
Annex_Q_Fig_Q-24.jpg
Fig Q-24
Case_History_for_Global_FR-88_Q.12_edited.docx
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First Revision No. 89-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Global Input ]
add new case history #7 to new annex Q.
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File Name
Description
FR_89_SHERMCO_Annex_Q_Fig_Q-7.JPG
PIC Q-7
FR_89_SHERMCO_Annex_Q_Fig_Q-8.jpg
PIC Q-8
Case_History_for_Global_FR-89_Q.7_edited.docx
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Committee
Statement:
This case history illustrates the importance for acceptance testing of complete critical
systems.
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First Revision No. 90-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Global Input ]
add new case history #8 to new annex q.
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File Name
Description
Case_History_for_Global_FR-90_Q.8_edited.docx
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Committee
Statement:
This case history illustrates that preventive maintenance by qualified personnel may result is
untimely outages that may have been avoided with proper maintenance practices.
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First Revision No. 91-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Global Input ]
add new case history #13 to new annex Q
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File Name
Annex_Q_Figure_Q-25.png
Description
fig q-25
Case_History_for_Global_FR-91_Q.13_edited.docx
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Committee Statement: This case history illustrates that lack of maintenance can result in significant losses.
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First Revision No. 92-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Global Input ]
Add new case history #9 to new Annex Q.
Supplemental Information
File Name
Description
Annex_Q_Fig_Q-9.jpg
fig q.9
Annex_Q_Fig_Q-10.jpg
fig q-10
Case_history_for_Global_FR-92_Q.9_edited.docx
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First Revision No. 94-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Global Input ]
Table K.2(d) Medium-Voltage Equipment, Metal-Clad Switchgear: Maintenance of Equipment Subject to
Long Intervals Between Shutdowns — Electrical Distribution
Indoor - Major maintenance or Overhaul
Buses, splices, and bolts (15.1.3, 15.2.15).
Check bolts for tightness in accordance with 8.11.
recommended torque. If inaccessible, check
insulating tape, boot, or compound box over bus
splices for heat deterioration due to loose bolts,
etc.
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Committee Statement
Committee
Statement:
Retorquing to check for tightness may not be a suitable method. The new 8.11 improves the
installation and maintenance process of connections and terminations for better safety and
reliability. The manufacturer’s torque recommendations are incorporated in 8.11.
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First Revision No. 95-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Global Input ]
Table K.2(f) Medium-Voltage Equipment, Metal-Enclosed Switches: Maintenance of Equipment Subject to
Long Intervals Between Shutdowns — Electrical Distribution
Indoor - Major Maintenance or Overhaul
Buses, splices, and bolts (15.1.3, 15.2.15).
Check bolts for tightness in accordance with 8.11.
manufacturer's recommended torque.
Submitter Information Verification
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Submittal Date:
Wed Mar 19 11:44:13 EDT 2014
Committee Statement
Committee
Statement:
Retorquing to check for tightness may not be a suitable method. The new 8.11 improves the
installation and maintenance process of connections and terminations for better safety and
reliability. The manufacturer’s torque recommendations are incorporated in 8.11.
Response
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First Revision No. 96-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Global Input ]
Table K.2(g) Medium-Voltage Equipment, Buses and Bus Ducts: Maintenance of Equipment Subject to
Long Intervals Between Shutdowns — Electrical Distribution
Indoor Maintenance and Testing
Check connection bolts for tightness where Torque in accordance ing to manufacturer's installation
instructions with 8.11.
not covered (15.1.3).
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Committee Statement
Committee
Statement:
Retorquing to check for tightness may not be a suitable method. The new 8.11 improves the
installation and maintenance process of connections and terminations for better safety and
reliability. The manufacturer’s torque recommendations are incorporated in 8.11.
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First Revision No. 97-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Global Input ]
Table K.4(c) Low-Voltage Equipment, Switchgear: Maintenance of Equipment Subject to Long Intervals
Between Shutdowns — Electrical Distribution
Indoor (Chapter 15) Major Maintenance or Overhaul
Buses, splices, and bolts (15.1.3, 15.2.15).
Check bolts for tightness in accordance with 8.11
. manufacturer's recommended torque.
Submitter Information Verification
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Wed Mar 19 11:48:30 EDT 2014
Committee Statement
Committee
Statement:
Retorquing to check for tightness may not be a suitable method. The new 8.11 improves the
installation and maintenance process of connections and terminations for better safety and
reliability. The manufacturer’s torque recommendations are incorporated in 8.11.
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First Revision No. 98-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Global Input ]
Table K.4(e) Low-Voltage Equipment, Buses and Bus Ducts: Maintenance of Equipment Subject to Long
Intervals Between Shutdowns — Electrical Distribution
Indoor Maintenance and Tests Open Buses:
Check connection bolts for tightness
(15.1.3).
Torque in accordance ing to manufacturer's installation
instructions with 8.11.
Submitter Information Verification
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Submittal Date:
Wed Mar 19 11:50:48 EDT 2014
Committee Statement
Committee
Statement:
Retorquing to check for tightness may not be a suitable method. The new 8.11 improves the
installation and maintenance process of connections and terminations for better safety and
reliability. The manufacturer’s torque recommendations are incorporated in 8.11.
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First Revision No. 99-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Global Input ]
Table K.4(e) Low-Voltage Equipment, Buses and Bus Ducts: Maintenance of Equipment Subject to Long
Intervals Between Shutdowns — Electrical Distribution
Indoor Maintenance and Tests Bus Duct (covers removed)
Check connection bolts for tightness
(15.1.3).
Torque in accordance ing to manufacturer's installation
instructions with 8.11.
Submitter Information Verification
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Committee Statement
Committee
Statement:
Retorquing to check for tightness may not be a suitable method. The new 8.11 improves the
installation and maintenance process of connections and terminations for better safety and
reliability. The manufacturer’s torque recommendations are incorporated in 8.11.
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First Revision No. 25-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 2.2 ]
2.2 NFPA Publications.
The documents or portions thereof listed in this chapter are referenced within this recommended practice
and should be considered part of the recommendations of this document. National Fire Protection
Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471.
®
®
NFPA 70 , National Electrical Code , 2011 2014 edition.
®
®
NFPA 70E , Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace , 2012 2015 edition.
NFPA 110, Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems, 2013 edition.
NFPA 496, Standard for Purged and Pressurized Enclosures for Electrical Equipment, 2013 edition.
NFPA 780, Standard for the Installation of Lightning Protection Systems, 2011 edition.
NFPA 791, Recommended Practice and Procedures for Unlabled Electrical Equipment Evaluation ,
2014 edition.
®
NFPA 1600 , Standard on Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity Programs,
2013 2016 edition.
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Committee
Statement:
The added document is referenced within the recommended practice. Update current
editions of other documents.
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First Revision No. 4-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 2.3.1 ]
2.3.1 ASTM Publications.
American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.
ASTM D 92, Standard Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup
Tester,2012a 2012b .
ASTM D 445, Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids and
Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity, 2012.
ASTM D 664, Standard Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration,
2011a.
ASTM D 877, Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids Using Disk
Electrodes,2002 (Rev. 2007) 2013 .
ASTM D 923, Standard Practices for Sampling Electrical Insulating Liquids, 2007.
ASTM D 924, Standard Test Method for Dissipation Factor (or Power Factor) and Relative Permittivity
(Dielectric Constant) of Electrical Insulating Liquids, 2008.
ASTM D 971, Standard Test Method for Interfacial Tension of Oil Against Water by the Ring Method,
2012.
ASTM D 974, Standard Test Methods for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator Titration, 2012.
ASTM D 1298, Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), or API Gravity of
Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method, 2012b.
ASTM D 1500, Standard Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products (ASTM Color
Scale),2007 2012 .
ASTM D 1524, Standard Test Method for Visual Examination of Used Electrical Insulating Oils of
Petroleum Origin in the Field, 1994 (Rev. revised 2010).
ASTM D 1533, Standard Test Method for Water in Insulating Liquids by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration,
2012.
ASTM D 1816, Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Oils of Petroleum
Origin Using VDE Electrodes, 2012.
ASTM D 2129, Standard Test Method for Color of Clear Electrical Insulating Liquids (Platinum-Cobalt
Scale), 2005 (Rev. revised 2010).
ASTM D 2285 , Standard Test Method for Interfacial Tension of Electrical Insulating Oils of Petroleum
Origin Against Water by the Drop-Weight Method, 1999 (withdrawn 2008).
ASTM D 2472, Standard Specification for Sulfur Hexafluoride, Standard Specification for Sulfur
Hexafluoride, 2000 (Rev. revised 2006).
ASTM D 3284, Standard Practice for Combustible Gases in the Gas Space of Electrical Apparatus Using
Portable Meters, 2005 (Rev. revised 2011).
ASTM D 3612, Standard Test Method for Analysis of Gases Dissolved in Electrical Insulating Oil by Gas
Chromatography, 2002 (Rev. revised 2009).
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Zip:
Submittal Date:
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Committee Statement
Committee Statement: Updated editions and deleted documents no longer necessary.
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First Revision No. 5-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 2.3.3 ]
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2.3.3 IEEE Publications.
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Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE , Three Park Avenue, 17th Floor, New York, NY
10016-5997.
ANSI/IEEE 43, Recommended Practice for Testing Insulation Resistance of Rotating Machinery, 2000.
ANSI/IEEE 80, Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding, 2000.
IEEE 81, Guide for Measuring Earth Resistivity, Ground Impedance and Earth Surface Potentials of a
Ground System, 2012.
ANSI/IEEE 95, Recommended Practice for Insulation Testing of AC Electric Machinery (2300 V and
Above) with High Direct Voltage, 2002.
ANSI/IEEE 141, Recommended Practice for Electric Power Distribution for Industrial Plants (IEEE Red
Book),1993 (Rev. 1999) 1993, revised 1999 .
ANSI/IEEE 142, Recommended Practice for Grounding of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems
(IEEE Green Book), 2007.
ANSI/IEEE 241, Recommended Practice for Electric Power Systems in Commercial Buildings (IEEE Gray
Book), 1990.
ANSI/IEEE 242, Recommended Practice for Protection and Coordination of Industrial and Commercial
Power Systems (IEEE Buff Book), 2001.
ANSI/IEEE 399, Recommended Practice for Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Analysis (IEEE
Brown Book), 1997.
ANSI/IEEE 400, Guide for Field Testing and Evaluation of the Insulation of Shielded Power Cable
Systems, 2012.
IEEE 400.1, Guide for Field Testing of Laminated Dielectric, Shielded Power Cable Systems Rated 5kV
and Above with High Direct Current Voltage, 2007.
IEEE 400.2, Guide for Field Testing of Shielded Power Cable Systems Using Very Low Frequency (VLF)
Less Than 1 Hertz ,2004 2013 .
IEEE 400.3, Guide for Partial Discharge Testing of Shielded Power Cable Systems in a Field Environment,
2006.
ANSI/IEEE 446, Recommended Practice for Emergency and Standby Power Systems for Industrial and
Commercial Applications (IEEE Orange Book), 1995, (Rev. 2000) revised 2000 .
ANSI/IEEE 450, Recommended Practice for Maintenance, Testing and Replacement of Vented Lead-Acid
Batteries for Stationary Applications, 2010.
ANSI/IEEE 493, Recommended Practice for the Design of Reliable Industrial and Commercial Power
Systems (IEEE Gold Book), 2007.
ANSI/IEEE 519, Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electrical Power
Systems, 1992.
IEEE 637, Guide for Reclamation of Insulating Oil and Criteria for Its Use, 1985.
ANSI/IEEE 1100, Recommended Practice for Powering and Grounding Electronic Equipment (IEEE
Emerald Book), 2005.
IEEE 1106, Recommended Practice for Installation, Maintenance, Testing and Replacement of Vented
Nickel-Cadmium Batteries for Stationary Applications, 2005, revised 2011 .
ANSI/IEEE 1125, Guide for Moisture Measurement and Control in SF Gas-Insulated Equipment, 1993
6
(Rev. 2000) 1993, revised 2000 .
IEEE 1145, IEEE Recommended Practice for the Installation and Maintenance of Nickel-Cadmium
Batteries for Phtovoltaic (PV) Systems , 199 (withdrawn).
IEEE 1159, Recommended Practice on Monitoring Electric Power Quality, 2009.
IEEE 1188, Recommended Practice for Maintenance, Testing and Replacement of Valve-Regulated Lead
Acid (VRLA) Batteries for Stationary Applications, 2005.
IEEE 1578, IEEE Recommended Practice for Stationary Battery Electrolyte Spill Containment and
Management , 2007.
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™
IEEE 1584 , Guide for Performing Arc Flesh Flash Hazards Calculations, 2002 (with Amendment 1 and
2).
IEEE 1657, IEEE Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualifications for Installation and Maintenance of
Stationary Batteries, 2009.
IEEE 3007.2, IEEE Recommended Practice for the Maintenance of Industrial and Commercial Power
Systems, 20010 2010 .
®
®
ANSI/Accredited Standards Committee C2, National Electrical Safety Code (NESC ), 2012.
ANSI/IEEE C37.13, Standard for Low-Voltage AC Power Circuit Breakers Used in Enclosures, 2008.
IEEE C37.20.1, Standard for Metal-Enclosed Low-Voltage Power Circuit Breaker Switchgear, 2002.
IEEE C37.23, Standard for Metal-Enclosed Bus., 2003.
IEEE C37.122.1, IEEE Guide for Gas-Insulated Substations, 1993, (Rev. 2002) revised 2002 .
ANSI/IEEE C57.104, Guide for the Interpretation of Gases Generated in Oil-Immersed Transformers,
2008.
ANSI/IEEE C57.106, Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Insulating Oil in Equipment, 2006.
ANSI/IEEE C57.110, Recommended Practice for Establishing Liquid-Filled and Dry-Type Power and
Distribution Transformer Capability When Supplying Nonsinusoidal Load Currents, 2008.
ANSI/IEEE C57.111, Guide for Acceptance of Silicone Insulating Fluid and Its Maintenance in
Transformers, 1989, (Rev. 1995) revised 2009 .
ANSI/IEEE C57.121, Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Less-Flammable Hydrocarbon Fluid in
Transformers, 1998.
Submitter Information Verification
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Committee Statement: Updated editions and deleted documents no longer necessary.
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First Revision No. 6-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 2.3.5 ]
2.3.5 NEMA Publications.
National Electrical Manufacturers Association, 1300 North 17th Street, Suite 1847, Rosslyn, VA 22209.
NEMA AB 1, Molded Case Circuit Breakers, and Molded Case Switches, and Circuit Breaker
Enclosures. (Equivalent to the current edition of UL 489.)
Evaluating Water-Damaged Electrical Equipment , 2014.
Evaluating Fire- and Heat-Damaged Electrical Equipment , 2013.
ANSI/NEMA AB 4, Guidelines for Inspection and Preventive Maintenance of Molded-Case Circuit
Breakers Used in Commercial and Industrial Applications, 2009.
ANSI/NEMA C84.1, Electric Power Systems and Equipment, Voltage Ratings (60 Hertz), 2011.
ANSI/NEMA KS 3, Guidelines for Inspection and Preventive Maintenance of Switches Used in
Commercial and Industrial Applications, 2010.
NEMA MG 1, Motors and Generators, 2011.
ANSI/NEMA PB 2.1, General Instructions for Proper Handling, Installation, Operation, and Maintenance of
Dead Front Distribution Switchboards Rated 600 Volts or Less,2007 2013 .
Guidelines for Handling Water-Damaged Electrical Equipment , NEMA, www.nema.org/stds/waterdamaged.cfm.
NEMA SG 6, Power Switching Equipment , 2000 (Rescinded).
NEMA WD 6, Dimensions for Wiring Devices Wiring Devices and Dimensional Specifications , 2002 (Rev.
2008) 2012 .
Evaluating Water-Damaged Electrical Equipment, NEMA 2011.
Submitter Information Verification
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Committee Statement: Updated editions and deleted documents no longer necessary.
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First Revision No. 74-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 2.3.6 ]
2.3.6 NETA Publications.
InterNational Electrical Testing Association, P.O. Box 687, Morrison, CO 80465.
ANSI/NETA ATS, Standard for Acceptance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Distribution
Equipment and Systems, 2009 2013 .
ANSI/NETA MTS, Standard for Maintenance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Distribution
Equipment and Systems, 2011.
Submitter Information Verification
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Committee Statement: Updated to current editions.
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First Revision No. 7-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 2.3.7 ]
2.3.7 UL Publications.
Underwriters Laboratories Inc., 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL 60062-2096.
ANSI/UL 489, Molded-Case Circuit Breakers, Molded-Case Switches and Circuit Breaker Enclosures,
Eleventh Twelfth edition, 2009, (Rev. 2011) 2013 .
ANSI/UL 943, Standard for Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupters, Fourth edition, 2006 (Rev. revised 2010).
UL 1436, Outlet Circuit Testers and Similar Indicating Devices, 2004 Fifth edition, 2014 .
Submitter Information Verification
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Committee Statement: Updated to current editions.
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First Revision No. 8-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 2.3.8 ]
2.3.8 U.S. Government Publications.
U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402-9328.
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), FEMA P-348, Protecting Building Utilities from Flood
Damage, 1999 updated 2012.
Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 1910.
Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 1926 1910.94(a), “Occupational Health and Environmental
Control — Ventilation.” .
Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 1910.94(a), “Occupational Health and Environmental Control
— Ventilation.”
Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 1910.146, “Permit-Required Confined Spaces.”
Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 1910.242(b), “Hand and Portable Powered Tools and Other
Hand Held Equipment.”
Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 1910.269, “Electric Power Generation, Transmission, and
Distribution,” Paragraph (e), Enclosed Spaces.
Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations , Part 1910.331 through Part 1910.335, “Safety Related Work
Practices.”
Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations , Part 1926.
Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 1910.331 through Part 1910.335, “Safety Related Work
Practices.”
Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 761, “Protection of Environment — Polychlorinated Biphenyls
(PCBs) Manufacturing, Processing, Distribution in Commerce, and Use Prohibitions.”
TM 5-694, Commissioning of Electrical Systems for Command, Control, Communications, Computer,
Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (C4ISR) Facilities, 2006.
TM 5-698-1, Reliability/Availability of Electrical and Mechanical Systems for Command, Control,
Communications, Computer, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (C4ISR) Facilities,
2003 2007 .
TM 5-698-2, Reliability-Centered Maintenance (RCM) for Command, Control, Communications, Computer,
Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (C4ISR) Facilities,2003 2006 .
TM 5-698-3, Reliability Primer for Command, Control, Communications, Computer, Intelligence,
Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (C4ISR) Facilities,2003 2005 .
Toxic Substances Control Act, Environmental Protection Agency, www.epa.gov/agriculture/lsca.html.
U.S. General Services Administration and U.S. Department of Energy, Building Commissioning
Guide,1998 2009 .
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First Revision No. 103-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 2.4 ]
2.4 References for Extracts in Recommendations Sections.
®
®
NFPA 70 , National Electrical Code , 2011 2014 edition.
®
®
NFPA 70E , Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace , 2012 2015 edition.
Submitter Information Verification
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Organization:
National Fire Protection Assoc
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Submittal Date:
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Committee Statement
Committee Statement: Update to current editions of NFPA standards.
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First Revision No. 2-NFPA 70B-2014 [ New Section after 3.2.3 ]
3.3.49 Labeled.
Equipment or materials to which has been attached a label, symbol, or other identifying mark of an
organization that is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction and concerned with product
evaluation, that maintains periodic inspection of production of labeled equipment or materials, and by
whose labeling the manufacturer indicates compliance with appropriate standards or performance in a
specified manner. [ 70, 2014]
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Committee
Statement:
The word "labeled" is used in the document and needs to be defined. The definition is
extracted from NFPA 70 NEC.
Response
Message:
Public Input No. 17-NFPA 70B-2013 [New Section after 3.2.3]
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First Revision No. 81-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 3.3.11 ]
3.3.10 Coordination (Selective).
Localization of an overcurrent condition to restrict outages to the circuit or equipment affected,
accomplished by the choice selection and installation of overcurrent protective devices and their ratings or
settings or the full range of available overcurrents, from overload to the maximum available fault current,
and for the full range of overcurrent protective device opening times associated with those overcurrents .
[70,2008 2014 ]
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Committee Statement: Updated to current NEC definition.
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First Revision No. 82-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 3.3.38 ]
3.3.33* Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI).
A device intended for the protection of personnel that functions to deenergize a circuit or portion thereof
within an established period of time when a current to ground exceeds the values established for a Class
A device. Note: Class A Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupters trip when the current to ground has a value in
the range of 4 mA to 6 mA. For further information, see UL 943, Standard for Ground-Fault Circuit
Interrupters . [70,2008 2014 ]
Supplemental Information
File Name
Description
FR_82_-Annex_A_text_edited.docx
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Committee Statement
Committee Statement: Update to current NEC definition.
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First Revision No. 113-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 3.3.66 ]
3.3.68 Shield Ground.
Intentional grounding of one or both ends of the shield of a cable.
3.3.68.1 Data Communications Cables.
The shield of data communication cables can be connected to the equipment-grounding conductor at
either one end of the cable (single end) or at both ends (double ended). When both ends of a shield are
grounded, another shield should be provided inside the outer shield and that one single end grounded.
3.3.68.2 Shield Ground, Power Cables.
The shield of power cables can be connected to the equipment-grounding conductor at either one end
of the cable (single end) or at both ends (double ended). Shielding will ensure uniform dielectric stress
along the length of the cable. When grounded at both ends, cable derating might be necessary because
of heat due to ground loop current.
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Submitter Full Name: Christopher Coache
Organization:
National Fire Protection Assoc
Street Address:
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Submittal Date:
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Committee Statement
Committee Statement: These terms are already defined and only used in Chapter 14.
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First Revision No. 75-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 4.4 ]
4.4 Case Histories.
Case histories should be utilized to educate workers and management on the positive results of proper,
regular maintenance as well as the negative consequences that might result by lack of or improper
maintenance. (See Annex Q for case histories.)
4.4.1
In one industrial plant, the failure of a transformer caused a total plant shutdown. Contamination of the
transformer's insulating oil caused the failure. The contamination went undetected because the oil had
not been tested for several years. Fire damage and equipment replacement costs amounted to $50,000
(U.S.), exclusive of the cost of plant downtime. This amount would have paid for the cost of operating an
EPM program covering the entire plant's electrical distribution system for several years.
4.4.2
In another industrial plant, damage amounting to $100,000 (U.S.) was attributed to the failure of the
main switchgear. Fouling by dirt, gummy deposits, and iron filings caused the failure. The cost of this
failure would have supported a comprehensive EPM program covering all of the plant's electrical
distribution system for several years.
4.4.3
McCormick Place, a large exhibition hall in Chicago, was destroyed by a fire believed to have been
started because of a defective extension cord serving a display booth. Direct property loss was $60
million (U.S.), and loss of the facility cost an additional $100 million (U.S.) to the economy in the
Chicago area. This fire might have been prevented if a program had been in effect to ensure that worn
cords were replaced, that only heavy-duty cords were used, and that cords and their supply circuits
were not overloaded.
4.4.4
The failure of a large motor shut down an entire industrial plant for 12 days. The cause of the failure was
overheating resulting from dust-plugged cooling ducts. An EPM inspection would have detected the
clogged ducts and averted the failure and accompanying plant outage.
Submitter Information Verification
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Committee Statement
Committee
Statement:
Case histories are not recommended preventive maintenance practices and are relocated to an
annex. The facility name was removed from Case History 3 which previously was 4.4.3. These
case histories are moved to new Annex Q.
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First Revision No. 110-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 6.9.1.2 ]
6.9.1.2
For further information on disaster and emergency management, see NFPA 1600, Standard on
Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity Programs and NEMA Guidelines for
Handling Evaluating Water-Damaged Electrical Equipment.
Submitter Information Verification
Submitter Full Name: Michael Beady
Organization:
[ Not Specified ]
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Submittal Date:
Wed Apr 09 11:51:39 EDT 2014
Committee Statement
Committee Statement: Updating reference per FR 6.
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First Revision No. 78-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 7.1.3.1 ]
7.1.3.1
Below is a listing of The following are some of the considerations as required by Article 110 of NFPA 70E
in Article 110 :
Employee and employer responsibilities (see Section 110.3)
Host and contract relationship (see Section 110.5)
(1) Training : emergency procedures and qualified and unqualified procedures (see Section
110.6) requirements (see 110.2)
(2) Electrical safety program (see Section 110.7 110.1 )
Working while exposed to electrical hazards (see Section 110.8)
(3) Use of electrical equipment (see Section 110.9 110.4 )
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Committee Statement
Committee Statement: The terminology is no longer used in 2015 edition of NFPA 70E.
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First Revision No. 80-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 7.1.3.2 ]
7.1.3.2
Below is a listing of The following are some of the considerations as required by Article 120 of NFPA 70E
in Article 120 :
(1) Process Verification of achieving an electrically safe work condition (see Section 120.1 120.1 )
(2) Deenergized conductors or circuit parts that have lockout/tagout devices applied De-energized
electrical equipment that has lockout/tagout devices applied (see Section 120.2)
(3) Temporary protective grounding equipment (see Section 120.3)
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Committee Statement: Revised due to wording change in 2015 edition of NFPA 70E
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First Revision No. 79-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 7.1.3.3 ]
7.1.3.3
Below is a listing of The following are some of the considerations as required by Article 130 of NFPA 70E
in Article 130 :
(1) Justification for Energized work ( [ see Section 130.1) 130.2(A)]
(2) Approach boundaries to energized electrical conductors or circuit parts for shock protection (see
Section 130.2 130.4 )
Arc flash hazard analysis (see Section 130.3)
(3) Test instruments and equipment use (see Section 130.4)
(4) Work within the limited Limited approach boundary of uninsulated overhead lines (see Section
130.5) [see 130.4(C)]
(5) Other precautions for personnel activities (see Section 130.6)
(6) Personal and other protective equipment (see Section 130.7)
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Committee Statement: This information was incorporated into Section 130.1(A) of 2015 edition of NFPA 70E
Response Message:
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First Revision No. 3-NFPA 70B-2014 [ New Section after 8.6.5 ]
8.6.6
When repairing, rebuilding, and/or remanufacturing listed equipment, the work should be conducted by
a qualified person or organization to assure that no changes are made to the equipment that might void
the equipment listing and that the product continues to meet the applicable performance and safety
requirements. (See also NFPA 791 .)
8.6.7
If required, the AHJ can assess the acceptability of modifications to determine if the modifications are
significant enough to require re-evaluation of the modified product by the organization that listed the
equipment.
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Committee Statement
Committee
Statement:
Repairing, rebuilding, and/or remanufacturing of listed equipment and the equipment's continued
compliance with performance and safety requirements is a concern that applies to all repairs and
remanufacture.
Response
Message:
Public Input No. 21-NFPA 70B-2013 [New Section after 4.2.2]
Public Input No. 22-NFPA 70B-2013 [Section No. 27.2.1]
Public Input No. 23-NFPA 70B-2013 [Section No. 27.2.9]
Public Input No. 24-NFPA 70B-2013 [Section No. 32.2.7.7.2]
Public Input No. 26-NFPA 70B-2013 [Section No. E.1.18]
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First Revision No. 52-NFPA 70B-2014 [ New Section after 8.10.1 ]
8.11 Threaded Connections and Terminations.
It is important for threaded connections and terminations to be properly tightened. Verifying torque
values after initial installation is not reliable. It is normal for metal relaxation to occur after installation.
8.11.1 Initial Installation.
When installing equipment, use a calibrated torque measurement tool and torque the screw or bolt to
the assembly or component manufacturer’s specification, which is typically on the device label or in the
instructions or datasheet. The torque values are part of the testing and listing procedures and listed or
labeled equipment is to be installed in accordance with instructions.
8.11.1.1
If the equipment or device manufacturer does not have the torque value on the device label, in the
instructions or datasheet, or otherwise published, then use the torque data found in Table I.1 through
Table I.3 of NFPA 70 , or values from another industry standard.
8.11.1.2
After tightening to the initial torque, mark a straight line that spans the screw or bolt as well as the
stationary part of the connection or termination. This mark provides evidence if the screw or bolt has
moved after the proper torque has been applied.
8.11.2 Methods for Verifying Proper Tightness After Initial Installation.
Inspect electrical connections and terminations for high resistance using one or more of the following
methods:
(1) Use a low-resistance ohmmeter to compare connection and termination resistance values to
values of similar connections and terminations. Investigate values that deviate from those of
similar connections or terminations by more than 50 percent of the lowest value in accordance
with ANSI/NETA MTS, Maintenance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Equipment and
Systems .
(2) Verify the tightness of accessible connections and terminations using a calibrated torque
measurement tool.
(3) Perform a thermographic survey. (See Section 11.17 .)
8.11.3 Checking Tightness When There Are No Signs of Degradation.
After a connection or termination is torqued to the specified value there can be metal relaxation. It is not
appropriate to check an existing connection or termination for tightness to the prescribed specified value
with a calibrated torque measurement tool. Doing so can result in an improperly terminated conductor or
cause damage to the connection and might void the listing. One industry practice is to use a calibrated
torque measuring tool to check existing connections and terminations at 90% of the specified torque
value as determined in Section 8.11 . If the screw or bolt does not move, the existing connection or
termination is considered properly torqued. If the screw or bolt moves it is an indication the connection
or termination is not properly torqued and the connection or termination should be reinstalled.
8.11.4 Checking Tightness When There Are Signs of Degradation.
If a connection or termination shows signs of degradation, such as a loose connection, overheating,
equipment misalignment, or deformation, or if a thermal scan shows overheating, then further
investigation might be necessary. If signs of degradation are present at terminations, cut the damaged
end of the conductor and reinstall per 8.11.1 . When cutting the conductor end, be sure to remove any
portion of the conductor that shows signs of having been overheated. If the device is damaged, the
device should be replaced. Bolted connections need to be disassembled, inspected, repaired, and
torqued to the proper value.
8.11.5 Tightening Battery Terminal Connections.
Terminal post connections should only be tightened when the need is indicated by resistance readings
or infrared scan. Because the posts are usually made of lead, frequent tightening can degrade and
permanently damage the posts. Clean and torque only in accordance with the battery manufacturer’s
recommended practice. Note that voltage is always present. It might be necessary to disconnect the
battery from its critical load to service the terminal connections.
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Zip:
Submittal Date:
Thu Mar 13 14:59:53 EDT 2014
Committee Statement
Committee
Statement:
Properly installed and maintained connections and terminations are fundamental for safety and
reliability. This new section provides a basis for qualified persons to install and maintain
connections and terminations.
Response
Message:
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First Revision No. 104-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 9.2.1.2 ]
9.2.1.2*
Protecting electrical systems against damage during short-circuit faults is required in NFPA 70 , National
Electrical Code , Sections 110.9 and 110.10 of NFPA 70 . Additional information on short-circuit currents
can be found in ANSI/IEEE 242, Recommended Practice for Protection and Coordination of Industrial and
Commercial Power Systems (IEEE Buff Book), : ANSI/IEEE 141, Recommended Practice for Electric
Power Distribution for Industrial Plants (IEEE Red Book), : ANSI/IEEE 241, Recommended Practice for
Electric Power Systems in Commercial Buildings (IEEE Gray Book), : and ANSI/IEEE 399,
Recommended Practice for Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Analysis (IEEE Brown Book).
Supplemental Information
File Name
Description
A.9.2.1.2_for_FR-104_edited.docx
Submitter Information Verification
Submitter Full Name: Christopher Coache
Organization:
National Fire Protection Assoc
Street Address:
City:
State:
Zip:
Submittal Date:
Thu Apr 03 09:08:02 EDT 2014
Committee Statement
Committee Statement: Added annex to explain change in IEEE standard designations.
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First Revision No. 105-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 9.3.1.2 ]
9.3.1.2*
NFPA 70, National Electrical Code , and various IEEE standards contain the requirements and
suggested practices to coordinate electrical systems. The IEEE standards include ANSI/IEEE 242,
Recommended Practice for Protection and Coordination of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems
(IEEE Buff Book), : ANSI/IEEE 141, Recommended Practice for Electric Power Distribution for Industrial
Plants (IEEE Red Book), : ANSI/IEEE 241, Recommended Practice for Electric Power Systems in
Commercial Buildings (IEEE Gray Book), : and ANSI/IEEE 399, Recommended Practice for Industrial and
Commercial Power Systems Analysis (IEEE Brown Book).
Supplemental Information
File Name
Description
A.9.3.1.2_for_FR-105_edited.docx
Submitter Information Verification
Submitter Full Name: Christopher Coache
Organization:
National Fire Protection Assoc
Street Address:
City:
State:
Zip:
Submittal Date:
Thu Apr 03 09:12:02 EDT 2014
Committee Statement
Committee Statement: Added annex to explain change in IEEE standard designations.
Response Message:
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First Revision No. 69-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 10.1.1 ]
10.1.1 Special Terms.
The following special terms are used in this chapter term in 10.1.1.1 is used in this chapter. .
10.1.1.1 Bonding (Bonded).
The permanent joining of metallic parts to form an electrically conductive path that will ensure electrical
continuity and the capacity to conduct safely any current likely to be imposed. The “permanent joining”
can be accomplished by the normal devices used to fasten clean, noncorroded parts together. Machine
screws, bolts, brackets, or retainers necessary to allow equipment to function properly are items
typically employed for this purpose. While welding and brazing can also be utilized, these preclude easy
disassembly, and welding can increase rather than decrease resistance across joints. Metallic parts that
are permanently joined to form an electrically conductive path that will ensure electrical continuity and
the capacity to conduct safely any current likely to be imposed are bonded.
10.1.1.2 Bonding Jumper.
A reliable conductor to ensure the required electrical conductivity between metal parts required to be
electrically connected. This conductor can be solid or stranded or braided, and connected by compatible
fittings to separate parts to provide this electrically conductive path. The bonding jumper can also be a
screw or a bolt. This bonding jumper can be used alone or in conjunction with other electrically
conductive paths. It generally is associated with the equipment-grounding path, but might or might not
be electrically linked for a lowest impedance path.
10.1.1.3 Central Grounding Point.
The location where the interconnected parts of the grounding system are connected in a common
enclosure. The central grounding point provides a common connection point for termination of the
feeder or branch-circuit equipment-grounding conductors.
10.1.1.4 Common Mode Noise.
Undesirable electrical signals that exist between a circuit conductor and the grounding conductor.
10.1.1.5 Equipment-Grounding Conductor.
The conductor used to connect the noncurrent-carrying metal parts of equipment, raceways, and other
enclosures to the system grounded conductor, the grounding electrode conductor, or both, at the service
equipment or at the source of a separately derived system.
10.1.1.6 Grounded Conductor.
A system or circuit conductor that is intentionally grounded. This intentional grounding to earth or some
conducting body that serves in place of earth takes place at the premises service location or at a
separately derived source. Control circuit transformers are permitted to have a secondary conductor
bonded to a metallic surface that is in turn bonded to the supply equipment-grounding conductor.
Examples of grounded system conductors would be a grounded system neutral conductor (3 phase or
split phase) or a grounded phase conductor of a 3-phase, 3-wire, delta system.
10.1.1.7 Grounding Electrode Conductor.
The conductor used to connect the grounding electrode to the equipment-grounding conductor, to the
grounded conductor, or to both, of the circuit at the service equipment or at the source of a separately
derived system. This conductor must be connected to provide the lowest impedance to earth for surge
current due to lightning, switching activities from either or both of the supply and load side, and to
reduce touch potentials when equipment insulation failures occur.
10.1.1.8 Harmonics.
Those voltages or currents whose frequencies are integer multiples of the fundamental frequency.
10.1.1.9 Interharmonics.
Not all frequencies that occur on an electrical power system are integer multiples of the fundamental
frequency (usually 60 Hz), as are harmonics. Some loads draw currents that result in voltages that are
between harmonic frequencies or less than the fundamental frequency. These frequencies are referred
to as interharmonics and can be made of discrete frequencies or as a wide-band spectrum. A special
category of these interharmonics is called subharmonics, in which the frequencies involved are less
than the fundamental power line frequency.
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10.1.1.10 Long-Duration Undervoltage.
A decrease of the supply voltage to less than 90 percent of the nominal voltage for a time duration
greater than 1 minute. (See IEEE 1159, Recommended Practice on Monitoring Electric Power Quality,
Table 4-2.)
10.1.1.1 Multipoint Grounding.
Multipoint grounding consists of interconnecting T he interconnection of primary and secondary neutrals
of the transformer. The secondary and primary neutral are common, and they where the primary and
secondary neutrals are common and both utilize the same grounding electrode that connects the system
to earth.
10.1.1.1.1
These interconnections provide corresponding neutral circuit conductors in both the primary and
secondary single-phase and wye-connected windings. This provides a low impedance path between each
system and allows ground current disturbances to flow freely between them with little or no attenuation.
Although there are advantages to these “wye-wye” systems, they can contribute to a common mode noise
problem.
10.1.1.1.2
Multipoint grounding can also be found with systems where one or both windings are delta connected.
10.1.1.1.3
The primary and secondary windings are only casually interconnected, and this provides significant
impedance to any current flow between them, since as there are no corresponding circuit conductors that
can be directly connected together. Grounding a circuit conductor at any point up to the service entrance
disconnect location of the premises is permitted. Multipoint grounding of separately derived systems is not
permitted, and single-phase 2-wire, single-phase 3-wire (split-phase), or delta-wye multiphase systems
are recommended.
10.1.1.2 Sag.
A decrease to between 10 percent and 90 percent of the normal voltage at the power frequency for
durations of 0.5 cycle to 1 minute. (If the voltage drops below 10 percent of the normal voltage, then this
is classified as an interruption.) It is further classified into three categories: (1) instantaneous — 0.5
cycle to 30 cycles; (2) momentary — 30 cycles to 3 seconds; and (3) temporary — 3 seconds to 1
minute.
10.1.1.3 Separately Derived System.
A premises wiring system whose power is derived from a battery, a solar photovoltaic system, or from a
generator, transformer, or converter windings, and that has no direct electrical connection, including a
solidly connected grounded circuit conductor, to supply conductors originating in another system.
Equipment-grounding conductors are not supply conductors and are to be interconnected.
10.1.1.4 Sustained Voltage Interruption.
The loss of the supply voltage to less than 10 percent on one or more phases for a period greater than 1
minute. (See IEEE 1159, Recommended Practice on Monitoring Electric Power Quality, Table 4-2.)
10.1.1.5 Swell.
An increase to between 110 percent and 180 percent in normal voltage at the power frequency
durations from 0.5 cycle to 1 minute. It is further classified into three categories: (1) instantaneous — 0.5
cycle to 30 cycles; (2) momentary — 30 cycles to 3 seconds; and (3) temporary — 3 seconds to 1
minute. (See IEEE 1159, Recommended Practice on Monitoring Electric Power Quality, Table 4-2.)
10.1.1.6 Transients.
Transients (formerly referred to as surges, spikes, or impulses) are very short duration, high amplitude
excursions outside of the limits of the normal voltage and current waveform. Waveshapes of the
excursions are usually unidirectional pulses or decaying amplitude, high frequency oscillations.
Durations range from fractions of a microsecond to milliseconds, and the maximum duration is on the
order of one half-cycle of the power frequency. Instantaneous amplitudes of voltage transients can
reach thousands of volts.
10.1.1.7 Transverse Mode Noise.
Undesirable electrical signals that exist between a pair of circuit conductors. These signals are
sometimes referred to as normal or differential mode noise.
10.1.1.8 Unbalanced Voltages.
Unequal voltage values on three-phase circuits that can exist anywhere on the power distribution
system.
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Committee Statement: The definitions are already included in Chapter 3.
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First Revision No. 72-NFPA 70B-2014 [ New Section after 10.6.1.4 ]
10.6.1.5
The use of sequence components as a means of measuring unbalance, including the ratio of negative
sequence to positive sequence and the ratio of zero sequence to positive sequence is recommended. In
situations where the measured voltage or current has harmonic distortion, this method should be used
as it has been proven to be a more accurate representation of the unbalance condition. (See IEEE
1159, Recommended Practice on Monitoring Electric Power Quality .)
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In situations where the measured voltage or current has harmonic distortion, this method has
been proven to be a more accurate representation of the unbalance condition.
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First Revision No. 93-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 11.8 ]
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11.8 Forms.
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If a testing and maintenance program is to provide optimum benefits, all testing data and maintenance
actions should be recorded on test circuit diagrams and forms that are complete and comprehensive. It is
often useful to record both test data and maintenance information on the same form. A storage and filing
system should be set up for these forms that will provide efficient and rapid retrieval of information
regarding previous testing and maintenance on a piece of equipment. A well-designed form also serves as
a guide or a checklist of inspection requirements. Samples of typical forms are included in Annex H and
are summarized as follows:
(1) Figure H.1 , Typical Work Order Request Form
(2) Figure H.2 , Typical Air Circuit Breaker Inspection Record
(3) Figure H.3 , Typical Air Circuit Breaker Test and Inspection Report
(4) Figure H.4 , Typical Medium-Voltage Vacuum Breaker Form
(5) Figure H.5 , Typical Oil Circuit Breaker Test Report
(6) Figure H.6 , Typical Disconnect Switch Test Report
(7) Figure H.7 , Typical Low-Voltage Circuit Breaker 5-Year Tests Form
(8) Figure H.8 , Typical Electrical Switchgear–Associated Equipment Inspection Record
(9) Figure H.9 , Typical Current or Potential Transformer Ratio Test Report
(10) Figure H.10 , Typical Overload Relay Test Report
(11) Figure H.11 , Typical Ground-Fault System Test Report
(12) Figure H.12 , Typical Instrument/Meter Calibration and Test Report
(13) Figure H.13 , Typical Watt-Hour Meter Test Sheet
(14) Figure H.14 , Typical Panelboard/Circuit Breaker Test Report
(15) Figure H.15 , Typical Transformer Test and Inspection Report
(16) Figure H.16 , Typical Transformer (Dry Type) Inspection Record
(17) Figure H.17 , Typical Transformer (Liquid Filled) Inspection Record
(18) Figure H.18 , Typical Transformer Oil Sample Report
(19) Figure H.19 , Typical Transformer Oil Trending Report
(20) Figure H.20 , Typical Transformer Insulation Resistance Record
(21) Figure H.21(a) , Typical VRLA Battery Inspection Report
(22) Figure H.21(b) , Typical VRLA Maintenance Worksheet
Figure H.21 , Typical Battery Record
(23) Figure H.22 , Typical Engine Generator Set Inspection Checklist
(24) Figure H.23 , Typical Automatic Transfer Switch Report
(25) Figure H.24 , Typical Uninterruptible Power Supply System Inspection Checklist
(26) Figure H.25 , Typical Back-Up Power System Inspection Checklist
(27) Figure H.26 , Typical Insulation Resistance–Dielectric Absorption Test Sheet for Power Cable
(28) Figure H.27 , Typical Cable Test Sheet
(29) Figure H.28 , Typical Insulation Resistance Test Record
(30) Figure H.29 , Typical Insulation Resistance Test Record for Rotating Machinery
(31) Figure H.30 , Typical Motor Test Information Form
(32) Figure H.31 , Typical Ground System Resistance Test Report
(33) Figure H.32 , Typical Ground Test Inspection Report — Health Care Facilities
(34) Figure H.33 , Typical Line Isolation Monitor Test Data Report — Health Care Facilities
(35) Figure H.34 , Typical Torque Value Record
(36) Figure H.35 , Typical Main Power Energization Checklist
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(37) Figure H.36 , Instructions to Contractor
(38) Figure H.37(a) , Project Scope of Work Template
(39) Figure H.38 , Project Scope of Work Form
(40) Figure H.39 , Project Scope of Work Modification Form
(41) Figure H.40 , Cover and Contents
(42) Figure H.41 , Point Points of Contact
(43) Figure H.42(a) , Power Distribution Unit (PDU) Survey
(44) Figure H.43(a) , Generator Set Survey
(45) Figure H.44(a) , Electrical Panel Survey
(46) Figure H.45(a) , Inverter Survey
(47) Figure H.46(a) , Building Lightning Protection Survey
(48) Figure H.47(a) , Rectifier Survey
(49) Figure H.48(a) , Electrical Panel Survey
(50) Figure H.49(a) , Transfer Switches Survey
(51) Figure H.50(a) , Power Transformers Survey
(52) Figure H.51(a) , Uninterruptible Power System Survey
(53) Figure H.52 , Low- Voltage Breaker Data Record
(54) Figure H.53 , Recloser Data Record
(55) Figure H.54 , Generator Data Record
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Committee Statement: Added reference to new figures to Annex H.
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First Revision No. 53-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 11.14.1 ]
11.14.1 Field Testing in General.
The applicable industry field evaluation stationary battery technologies predominantly in use today are
vented lead-acid (VLA), valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA), and nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd), and are the types
addressed in this document. The applicable industry maintenance standards include the following:
(1) ANSI/NETA ATS, Standard for Acceptance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Distribution
Equipment and Systems
(2) ANSI/NETA MTS, S, Standard for Maintenance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power
Distribution Equipment and Systems
(3) ANSI/IEEE 450, Recommended Practice for Maintenance, Testing and Replacement of Vented
Lead-Acid Batteries for Stationary Applications
(4) IEEE 1188, Recommended Practice for Maintenance, Testing and Replacement of Valve-Regulated
Lead Acid (VRLA) Batteries for Stationary Applications
(5) IEEE 1106, Recommended Practice for Installation, Maintenance, Testing, and Replacement of
Vented Nickel-Cadmium Batteries for Stationary Application
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Committee
Statement:
Added a sentence to clarify that the scope of NFPA 70B is limited to VLA, VRLA, and Ni-Cd. The
word “field evaluation is replaced with the word “maintenance” to better identify the documents
that follow.
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First Revision No. 54-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 11.14.2.1 ]
11.14.2.1
Tests should be performed and the results recorded to establish trends that can be used in predicting
battery life. For lead-acid batteries, a pilot cell may be selected to obtain a representative temperature
while the recommended voltage and specific gravity measurements are made. state of health. The type
of data to be collected will depend upon the battery technology being used. Table 11.14.2.1 shows
examples of data that can be collected, but it is not a comprehensive list. Refer to the documents listed in
11.14.1 for complete details on the type of data to be collected for trending. For trending state of health, a
baseline should be established approximately six months after the battery has been put into service, or
two weeks after the most recent discharge, whichever is later.
Table 11.14.2.1 Data Collection for Trending Battery State of Health
Vented
Lead-Acid (VLA)
Type of Data
Float Voltage
Nickel
Cadmium
(Ni-Cd)
Battery Technology ValveRegulated Lead-Acid (VRLA)
√
√
√
Cell Temperature √
√
√
Internal Ohmic
Reading
√
Specific Gravity
√
Supplemental Information
File Name
Description
Table_11.14.2.1_edited.docx
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Committee
Statement:
The added table shows examples of data used in trending battery state-of-health. Text is added to
emphasize that the table is not a comprehensive list. It refers the reader back to the previous list of
maintenance standards in 11.14.1 for detailed information on data collection.
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First Revision No. 46-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 11.14.2.2 ]
11.14.2.2 Voltage, Temperature, and Specific Gravity.
If used, pilot cell/block voltage, specific gravity, and electrolyte temperature should be measured and
recorded monthly in accordance with the established maintenance program recorded at every
maintenance interval (see 15.9.4.2 ). Refer to the manufacturer’s recommended practices for the use of
pilot cells or blocks and for the range for float voltage applicable to a specific battery of float voltage
applicable to a specific battery .
11.14.2.2.1 Temperature Testing.
Pilot cells can be selected to obtain a representative temperature and to detect temperature gradients
within a string. Temperatures should be collected for no less than 10% of the units in a string. For VRLA
batteries, cell temperature should be obtained by measuring at the negative post of the unit. For vented
batteries in which electrolyte samples are being collected, electrolyte temperature can be determined at
the same time.
11.14.2.2.2 Electrolyte Sampling.
Where electrolyte sampling is used, refer to the manufacturer’s recommended practices for the use of
pilot cells and for the range of float voltage applicable to a specific battery. It is advisable to periodically
change pilot cells, because a slight amount of electrolyte can be lost each time a specific gravity reading
is taken.
11.14.2.2.3 Ohmic Testing.
If ohmic measurement is used for lead-acid batteries, it is recommended that ohmic measurements
(resistance, impedance, and conductance) be collected, recorded, and reviewed at regular intervals, but
in no case less than quarterly. Use of ohmic measurements should be in accordance with
manufacturer’s instructions and with an established maintenance program to set baselines, to identify
trends, and to identify anomalies. When anomalies are detected, additional steps, such as a capacity
test or unit replacement, might be warranted.
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Committee Statement
Committee Measurement of specific gravity is rarely used anymore on vented lead-acid batteries. For multi-cell
Statement: (monobloc) battery units, individual cell temperatures and voltages for VRLAs are impossible to
obtain, so the block temperature at the negative post, and the overall battery voltage are the next
best thing. Depending on the criticality of the application, not all batteries are maintained monthly, so
the text is changed to take these specific measurements at every maintenance interval. A new
sub-paragraph gives guidance on the number of cells to be measured (at least 10%) and how to take
readings on VRLA cells. It also adds that, if/when electrolyte samples are being taken, it is possible
to collect temperature data at the same time.
Ohmic measurements are added and are only useful on certain types of batteries and applications.
When used, ohmic metering should carefully follow the manufacturer's instructions on how to
determine when deviations from baseline exceed the range of probability of randomness.
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Public Input No. 13-NFPA 70B-2013 [Section No. 11.14.2.2]
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First Revision No. 47-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 11.14.2.4 ]
11.14.2.4
Measure connection Connection resistances of cell-to-cell (or block-to-block) and terminal connections
should be tested in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions and with an established maintenance
program. Where a test set to read intercell connection resistance is not available or cannot be utilized (for
example, due to inaccessible posts), the infrared scan detailed in 11.14.2.5 can be used to indicate
which connections need to be torqued to the battery manufacturer’s specified values. (See Section 8.11
for more information on battery torque methods.)
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Statement:
For VRLA monoblocs, cell-to-cell connection resistance readings are not possible to obtain, thus
block-to-block connection readings are the next best alternative. Not all batteries are equal in
importance, based on the criticality of the application. For lower criticality applications, an
alternative is provided for finding poor connections by using ifrared thermography.
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First Revision No. 48-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 11.14.2.6 ]
11.14.2.6 Record Keeping.
Measurements should be recorded for future reference along with log notations of the visual inspection
and corrective action. An example of a battery record is included as Measurements and inspections will
vary from one type of battery to another. Two examples of battery records for one type of battery, VRLA,
are shown in Figure H.21(a) Figure H.21 and Figure H.21(b) . The record records should be modified to
correspond to the user’s maintenance program per 15.9.4.2.
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Text changed to clarify battery types and to reference new examples of VRLA battery
records in Annex H.
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First Revision No. 109-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 11.19.2.4 ]
11.19.2.4 Interfacial Tension.
Interfacial tension (IFT) determines the presence of polar contaminants in oil. Interfacial tension together
with the acid neutralization number is an indicator to monitor sludge development. Foreign substances
such as dissolved varnishes and organic coating materials can also affect the IFT. The interfacial tension
is expressed in dynes per centimeter. Interfacial tension testing is performed by ANSI/ASTM method
D-971 (ring method) or D-2285 (drop weight) .
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Committee Statement: Reference was deleted with FR 4.
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First Revision No. 83-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 13.1.3 ]
13.1.3 Definitions.
The following definitions are unique to this chapter.
13.1.3.1 Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI).
A device intended for the protection of personnel that functions to deenergize a circuit or portion thereof
within an established period of time when a current to ground exceeds the values established for a
Class A device. Note: Class A GFCIs trip when the current to ground has a value in the range of 4 mA
to 6 mA. (For further information, see UL 943, Standard for Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupters .) [ 70,
2008]
13.1.3.2 Ground-Fault Protection of Equipment (GFP).
A system intended to provide protection of equipment from damaging line-to-ground fault currents by
operating to cause a disconnecting means to open all ungrounded conductors of the faulted circuit. This
protection is provided at current levels less than those required to protect conductors from damage
through the operation of a supply circuit overcurrent device. [ 70, 2008]
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Committee Statement: The definitions are already in Chapter 3.
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First Revision No. 70-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 14.1.6 ]
14.1.6 Special Terms.
The following special terms The special terms in 14.1.6.1 through 14.1.6.2.2 are used in this chapter.
14.1.6.1 Bonding (Bonded).
The permanent joining of metallic parts to form an electrically conductive path that will ensure electrical
continuity and the capacity to conduct safely any current likely to be imposed. The “permanent joining”
can be accomplished by the normal devices used to fasten clean, noncorroded parts together. Machine
screws, bolts, brackets, or retainers necessary to allow equipment to function properly are items
typically employed for this purpose. While welding and brazing can also be utilized, these preclude easy
disassembly, and welding can increase rather than decrease resistance across joints. Metallic parts that
are permanently joined to form an electrically conductive path that will ensure electrical continuity and
the capacity to conduct safely any current likely to be imposed are bonded.
14.1.6.2 Bonding Jumper.
A reliable conductor to ensure the required electrical conductivity between metal parts required to be
electrically connected. This conductor can be solid or stranded or braided, and connected by compatible
fittings to separate parts to provide this electrically conductive path. The bonding jumper can also be a
screw or a bolt. This bonding jumper can be used alone or in conjunction with other electrically
conductive paths. It generally is associated with the equipment-grounding path, but might or might not
be electrically linked for a lowest impedance path.
14.1.6.3 Case (Enclosure) Ground.
See 14.1.6.29 , Grounding Terminal.
14.1.6.4 Central Grounding Point.
The location where the interconnected parts of the grounding system are connected in a common
enclosure. The central grounding point provides a common connection point for termination of the
feeder or branch-circuit equipment-grounding conductors.
14.1.6.5 Counterpoise.
A conductor or system of conductors arranged beneath the transmission/distribution supply line; located
on, above, or most frequently below the surface of the earth; and connected to the grounding system of
the towers or poles supporting the line. (This conductor(s) might or might not be the continuous length of
the supply path. It is often used to provide a lower surge impedance path to earth for lightning protection
when there is a transition from overhead supply conductors to underground insulated cable.)
Counterpoise is also used in communication systems, where it is a system of conductors, physically
elevated above and insulated from the ground, forming a lower system of conductors of an antenna.
Note that the purpose of a counterpoise is to provide a relatively high capacitance and thus a relatively
low impedance path to earth. The counterpoise is sometimes used in medium- and low-frequency
applications where it would be more difficult to provide an effective ground connection. Sometimes
counterpoise is confused with equipotential plane. (See also 14.1.6.17 , Equipotential Plane.)
14.1.6.6 Down Conductor.
A conductor from a lightning protection system to earth ground designed to provide a low impedance
path for the current from a lightning strike and/or dissipate the charge buildup that precedes a lightning
strike. This conductor typically goes from the air terminals to earth. Due to the very high currents at very
high frequencies, the impedance of the entire system is very critical. Normal wiring conductors are not
suitable for the down conductor. Typically, they are braided conductors. There might be certain
instances where additional investigation about the interconnection between the lightning and the
grounding electrode system is warranted.
14.1.6.7 Earth Grounding.
The intentional connection to earth through a grounding electrode of sufficiently low impedance to
minimize damage to electrical components and prevent an electric shock that can occur from a
superimposed voltage from lightning and voltage transients. In addition, earth grounding helps prevent
the buildup of static charges on equipment and material. It also establishes a common voltage reference
point to enable the proper performance of sensitive electronic and communications equipment.
14.1.6.8 Earthing.
An IEC term for ground . (See 14.1.6.18 , Ground.)
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14.1.6.9 Effective Grounding Path.
The path to ground from circuits, equipment, and metal enclosures for conductors should (1) be
permanent and electrically continuous, (2) have capacity to conduct safely any fault current likely to be
imposed on it, and (3) have sufficiently low impedance to limit the voltage to ground and to facilitate the
operation of the circuit protection devices. The earth should not be used as the sole equipmentgrounding conductor.
14.1.6.10 Effectively Grounded (as applied to equipment or structures).
Intentionally connected to earth (or some conducting body in place of earth) through a ground
connection or connections of sufficiently low impedance and having sufficient current-carrying capacity
to prevent the buildup of voltages that might result in undue hazards to connected equipment or to
persons.
14.1.6.11 Effectively Grounded (as applied to systems).
This is defined by ratios of impedance values that must be within prescribed limits.
14.1.6.12 Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Grounding.
The conductive path created to reduce or dissipate the electrostatic charge where it builds up as a result
of equipment operation or induced from an electrostatically charged person or material coming in
contact with the equipment. Also referred to as static grounding .
14.1.6.13 Equipment Bonding Jumper.
The connection between two or more portions of the equipment-grounding conductor.
14.1.6.14 Equipment Ground.
An ambiguous term that can mean either case ground, equipment-grounding conductor, or equipment
bonding jumper; hence, use of this term should be avoided.
14.1.6.15 Equipment-Grounding Conductor.
The conductor used to connect the non-current-carrying metal parts of equipment, raceways, and other
enclosures to the system grounded conductor, the grounding electrode conductor, or both, at the service
equipment or at the source of a separately derived system.
14.1.6.16 Equipotential Bonding.
Electrical connection putting various exposed conductive parts and extraneous conductive parts at a
substantially equal potential.
14.1.6.17 Equipotential Plane.
(1) (as applied to livestock) An area accessible to livestock where a wire mesh or other conductive
elements are embedded in concrete, are bonded to all metal structures and fixed nonelectrical metal
equipment that might become energized, and are connected to the electrical grounding system to
prevent a difference in voltage from developing within the plane. (2) (as applied to equipment) A mass
or masses of conducting material that, when bonded together, provide a uniformly low impedance to
current flow over a large range of frequencies. Sometimes the equipotential plane is confused with
counterpoise .
14.1.6.18 Ground.
The earth. [ 70, 2011]
14.1.6.19 Ground Fault.
Unintentional contact between an ungrounded conductor and earth or conductive body that serves in
place of earth. Within a facility, this is typically a fault between a current-carrying conductor and the
equipment-grounding path that results in the operation of the overcurrent protection.
14.1.6.20 Ground Leakage Current.
Current that is introduced into the grounding conductor by normal equipment operation, such as
capacitive coupling. Many RFI/EMI filters in electronic equipment have capacitors from current-carrying
conductors to the equipment-grounding conductor to shunt noise emitted from or injected into their
power supplies. While there are relatively low current level limits imposed by regulatory agencies (e.g.,
UL specifies maximum 3.5 mA, hospital equipment 0.5 mA), not all equipment is listed. Even with listed
equipment, the sum of the current from a large quantity of such equipment in a facility can result in
significant ground currents.
14.1.6.21 Ground Loop.
Multiple intentional or unintentional connections from a conductive path to ground or the conductive
body that serves in place of earth. Current will flow in the ground loop if there is voltage difference
between the connection nodes. Regrounding of the grounded circuit conductor (neutral) beyond the
service point will result in ground loops. This might or might not be harmful depending on the
application.
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14.1.6.22 Ground Resistance/Impedance Measurement.
The use of special test equipment to measure the grounding electrode resistance or impedance to earth
at a single frequency at or near power line frequency.
14.1.6.23 Ground Well.
See 14.1.6.28 , Grounding Electrode System.
14.1.6.24 Grounded (Grounding).
Connected (connecting) to ground or to a conductive body that extends the ground connection. [ 70,
2011]
14.1.6.25 Grounded Conductor.
A system or circuit conductor that is intentionally grounded. This intentional grounding to earth or some
conducting body that serves in place of earth takes place at the premises service location or at a
separately derived source. Control circuit transformers are permitted to have a secondary conductor
bonded to a metallic surface that is in turn bonded to the supply equipment-grounding conductor.
Examples of grounded system conductors would be a grounded system neutral conductor (3 phase or
split phase) or a grounded phase conductor of a 3-phase, 3-wire, delta system.
14.1.6.26 Grounding Conductor.
A conductor used to connect equipment or the grounded circuit conductor of a wiring system to a
grounding electrode or electrodes. This ensures the electrical continuity of equipment bonding and
grounding into the system, and provides for an equipotential bonding to minimize voltage differences
between individual units and between these units and the grounding electrode conductor.
14.1.6.27 Grounding Electrode.
A conductive body deliberately inserted into earth to make electrical connection to earth. Typical
grounding electrodes include the following:
The nearest effectively grounded metal member of the building structure
The nearest effectively grounded metal water pipe, but only if the connection to the grounding
electrode conductor is within 5 ft of the point of entrance of the water pipe to the building
Any metal underground structure that is effectively grounded
Concrete encased electrode in the foundation or footing (e.g., Ufer ground)
Ground ring completely encircling the building or structure
Made electrodes (e.g., ground rods or ground wells)
Conductive grid or mat used in substations
14.1.6.28 Grounding Electrode System.
The interconnection of grounding electrodes.
14.1.6.29 Grounding Terminal.
A terminal, lug, or other provision provided on some equipment cases (enclosures) to connect the
conductive portion of the enclosure to the equipment-grounding conductor.
14.1.6.30 Grounding-Type Receptacle.
A receptacle with a dedicated terminal that is to be connected to the equipment grounding conductor.
14.1.6.31 High-Impedance Grounded.
High-impedance grounded means that the grounded conductor is grounded by inserting a resistance or
reactance device that limits the ground-fault current to a low value.
14.1.6.1 Insulated Ground.
See 14.1.6.33 3.3.49 , Isolated Equipment-Grounding Conductor.
14.1.6.33 Isolated Equipment-Grounding Conductor.
An insulated equipment-grounding conductor that has one intentional connection to the equipmentgrounding system. The isolated equipment-grounding conductor is typically connected to an equipmentgrounding terminal either in the facility's service enclosure or in the first applicable enclosure of a
separately derived system. The isolated equipment-grounding conductor should be connected to the
equipment-grounding system within the circuits' derived system.
14.1.6.34 Lightning Ground.
See 14.1.6.28 , Grounding Electrode System.
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14.1.6.35 Multipoint Grounding.
Multipoint grounding consists of interconnecting primary and secondary neutrals of the transformer. The
secondary and primary neutral are common, and they both utilize the same grounding electrode that
connects the system to earth.
14.1.6.36 Noise(less) Ground.
The supplemental equipment-grounding electrode installed at machines, or the isolated equipmentgrounding conductor, intended to reduce electrical noise.
14.1.6.37 Personnel Protective Ground.
Bonding jumper that is intentionally installed to ground deenergized, normally ungrounded circuit
conductors when personnel are working on them, to minimize voltage differences between different
parts of the equipment and personnel, so as to protect against shock hazard and/or equipment damage.
14.1.6.38 Protective Bonding Circuit.
See 14.1.6.16 , Equipotential Bonding.
14.1.6.39 Protective Conductor.
See 14.1.6.15, Equipment-Grounding Conductor.
14.1.6.40 Protective Ground.
See 14.1.6.16 , Equipotential Bonding.
14.1.6.41 RFI/EMI Grounding.
See 14.1.6.20 , Ground Leakage Current.
14.1.6.42 Safety Ground.
See 14.1.6.37 , Personnel Protective Ground.
14.1.6.43 Separately Derived System.
A premises wiring system whose power is derived from a battery, a solar photovoltaic system, or from a
generator, transformer, or converter windings, and that has no direct electrical connection, including a
solidly connected grounded circuit conductor, to supply conductors originating in another system.
Equipment-grounding conductors are not supply conductors and are to be interconnected.
14.1.6.2 Shield Ground.
Intentional grounding of one or both ends of the shield of a cable.
14.1.6.2.1 Shield Ground, Data Communications Cables.
The shield of data communication cables can be connected to the equipment-grounding conductor at
either one end of the cable (single end) or at both ends (double ended). When both ends of a shield are
grounded, another shield should be provided inside the outer shield and that one single end grounded.
14.1.6.2.1.1
There are advantages and disadvantages to both types, single- or double-ended. Single-ended grounding
minimizes the ground loop potential but can result in the shield voltage at the ungrounded end rising
above safe levels for equipment or personnel. Single-end grounded shields can have the ungrounded end
grounded through a high-frequency drain, such as a surge device, to help control this.
14.1.6.2.1.2
Double-ended grounding can minimize the potential voltage rise but can result in a ground loop that
exceeds the current-carrying capacity of the outer shield.
14.1.6.2.2 Shield Ground, Power Cables.
The shield of power cables can be connected to the equipment-grounding conductor at either one end of
the cable (single ended) or at both ends (double ended). Shielding will ensure uniform dielectric stress
along the length of the cable. When grounded at both ends, cable derating might be necessary because of
heat due to ground loop current.
14.1.6.45 Single-Point Grounding.
The single-point grounding of a transformer means connecting the secondary side of the transformer to
earth ground through one or more grounding electrodes. This connection should be made at any point
on the separately derived system from the source to the first system-disconnecting means or
overcurrent device.
14.1.6.46 Solid Grounded.
Solidly grounded means that the grounded conductor is grounded without inserting any resistor or
impedance device.
14.1.6.47 Substation Ground.
Grounding electrode system (grid) in a substation. See 14.1.6.28 , Grounding Electrode System.
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14.1.6.48 System Grounding.
The intentional connection of an electrical supply system to its associated grounding electrode(s).
14.1.6.49 Luminaire Grounding.
14.1.6.49.1
Global FR-112
Hide Deleted
Luminaires (fixtures) shall be inspected to verify that they are properly grounded.
14.1.6.49.1.1
If the wiring method utilizes a metallic armored cable wiring method or nonmetallic-sheathed cable with
ground, proper connection of the wiring provides an acceptable equipment ground. Grounding of a
surface-mounted luminaire is accomplished by securing the luminaire to a properly grounded metal
outlet box. Metal outlet boxes have a location to place a grounding screw. The bare copper equipment
grounding conductor in the nonmetallic sheathed cable is usually terminated under this screw.
14.1.6.49.1.2
If the outlet box is nonmetallic, the small bare equipment grounding conductor from the luminaire is
connected to the equipment grounding conductor in the outlet box. For suspended ceiling luminaires,
grounding of the luminaire is accomplished by using metallic fixtures whips or nonmetallic sheathed
cable with ground between the outlet box and the luminaire.
14.1.6.49.2
For a more complete list of possible wiring methods or if there is no equipment grounding means found,
refer to NFPA 70 , National Electrical Code , for proper grounding.
Submitter Information Verification
Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ]
Organization:
[ Not Specified ]
Street Address:
City:
State:
Zip:
Submittal Date:
Thu Mar 13 17:11:01 EDT 2014
Committee Statement
Committee
Statement:
Delete definitions that are already included in Chapter 3. Section 14.1.6.49 and subsections for
Luminaire Grounding which are requirements have been moved after 14.3.10 .
Response
Message:
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First Revision No. 112-NFPA 70B-2014 [ New Section after 14.3.10 ]
Global FR-70 Hide Deleted
14.3.11 Luminaire Grounding.
14.3.11.1
Global FR-70
Hide Deleted
Luminaires (fixtures) shall be inspected to verify that they are properly grounded.
14.3.11.1.1
If the wiring method utilizes a metallic armored cable wiring method or nonmetallic-sheathed cable with
ground, proper connection of the wiring provides an acceptable equipment ground. Grounding of a
surface-mounted luminaire is accomplished by securing the luminaire to a properly grounded metal
outlet box. Metal outlet boxes have a location to place a grounding screw. The bare copper equipment
grounding conductor in the nonmetallic sheathed cable is usually terminated under this screw.
14.3.11.1.2
If the outlet box is nonmetallic, the small bare equipment grounding conductor from the luminaire is
connected to the equipment grounding conductor in the outlet box. For suspended ceiling luminaires,
grounding of the luminaire is accomplished by using metallic fixtures whips or nonmetallic sheathed
cable with ground between the outlet box and the luminaire.
14.3.11.2
For a more complete list of possible wiring methods or if there is no equipment grounding means found,
refer to NFPA 70 for proper grounding.
Submitter Information Verification
Submitter Full Name: Michael Beady
Organization:
[ Not Specified ]
Street Address:
City:
State:
Zip:
Submittal Date:
Wed Apr 09 14:05:28 EDT 2014
Committee Statement
Committee Statement: Moved text per FR 70.
Response Message:
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First Revision No. 56-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 15.1.3 ]
15.1.3 Conductors.
All exposed conductors should be visually inspected for evidence of overheating at bolted joints. Extreme
overheating can discolor copper conductors, deteriorate the insulation, and may could require additional
maintenance. When the substation is deenergized, these bolted connections should be checked. Bolts
should be loosened and retorqued to proper values verified for tightness in accordance with Section
8.11 . There are infrared detectors that can be used on energized systems to check for overheating by
scanning from a distance. Where aluminum-to-copper joints exist, they should be inspected carefully for
evidence of corrosion, overheating, or looseness. In all cases, manufacturer’s specifications should be
followed. ( See Section 15.10 for torque tables.)
Submitter Information Verification
Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ]
Organization:
[ Not Specified ]
Street Address:
City:
State:
Zip:
Submittal Date:
Thu Mar 13 15:48:14 EDT 2014
Committee Statement
Committee
Statement:
Retorquing to check for tightness may not be a suitable method. The new 8.11 improves the
installation and maintenance process of connections and terminations for better safety and
reliability.
Response
Message:
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First Revision No. 49-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 15.9.4.1 [Excluding any
Sub-Sections] ]
Stationary batteries are a backup power source for critical systems, ac power generation equipment,
switchgear, and control circuits. Stationary batteries are most often used as the reserve power source for
critical equipment during power outages. These batteries are typically vented lead–acid (VLA) batteries
consisting of either lead calcium or lead antimony grids. Other technologies can be utilized in these
applications but are not specifically addressed in the following paragraphs. Due to the reliability
requirements for these applications, specific safety guidelines as well as well-defined maintenance
practices should be utilized to ensure a reliable system. The following sections Subsection of 15.9.4
offers guidance on the safety and maintenance requirements. In addition, the manufacturers’
recommendations should be followed and the applicable IEEE standards should be referred to for
additional information.
Submitter Information Verification
Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ]
Organization:
[ Not Specified ]
Street Address:
City:
State:
Zip:
Submittal Date:
Thu Mar 13 14:11:47 EDT 2014
Committee Statement
Committee
Statement:
The trend is toward greater use of VRLA, but many other technologies are being used as well.
NFPA 70B covers all types and is not limited to vented batteries.
Response
Message:
Public Input No. 32-NFPA 70B-2013 [Section No. 15.9.4.1 [Excluding any Sub-Sections]]
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First Revision No. 55-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 15.9.4.1.1 ]
15.9.4.1.1*
Battery chargers play a critical role in battery maintenance maintaining batteries because they supply
normal dc requirements and maintain batteries at appropriate levels of charge. Chargers should be set
and maintained according to manufacturers' instructions. Charger output voltage should be set and
periodically verified (at least once per year) to be in accordance with the battery manufacturers'
instructions. Battery chargers should be maintained in accordance with the charger manufacturer’s
instructions.
Supplemental Information
File Name
Description
FR_55_A.15.9.4.1.1_edited.docx
Submitter Information Verification
Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ]
[ Not Specified ]
Organization:
Street Address:
City:
State:
Zip:
Submittal Date:
Thu Mar 13 15:42:53 EDT 2014
Committee Statement
Committee
Statement:
The battery charger is necessary to the performance of a battery, but it is not generally considered
to be a maintenance device. Added text clarifies that the charger should maintain the required
voltage. The charger should be set to meet the requirements of the battery system. Both battery and
charger should be maintained in accordance with the respective manufacturer’s instructions.
Add new annex material for 15.9.4.1.1 regarding charger maintenance.
Response
Message:
Public Input No. 33-NFPA 70B-2013 [Section No. 15.9.4.1.1]
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First Revision No. 50-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 15.9.4.1.2 ]
15.9.4.1.2 References.
The following references should be considered for specific maintenance, repair considerations, and
procedures:
(1) IEEE 450 — , IEEE Recommended Practice for Maintenance, Testing and Replacement of Vented
Lead-Acid Batteries for Stationary Applications
(2) IEEE 1106, Recommended Practice for Installation, Maintenance, Testing and Replacement of
Vented Nickel-Cadmium Batteries for Stationary Applications
(3) IEEE 1188 — , IEEE Recommended Practice for Maintenance, Testing and Replacement of ValveRegulated Lead-Acid (VRLA) Batteries for Stationary Applications
IEEE 1106 — IEEE Recommended Practice for Installation, Maintenance, Testing and
Replacement of Vented Nickel-Cadmium Batteries for Stationary Applications
IEEE 1145 — IEEE Recommended Practice for Installation and Maintenance of Nickel-Cadmium
Batteries for Photovoltaic (PV) Systems
(4)
IEEE 1578, Recommended Practice for Stationary Battery Electrolyte Spill Control and
Management
(5) IEEE Std 1657 — , IEEE Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualifications for Installation and
Maintenance of Stationary Batteries
Submitter Information Verification
Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ]
Organization:
[ Not Specified ]
Street Address:
City:
State:
Zip:
Submittal Date:
Thu Mar 13 14:19:13 EDT 2014
Committee Statement
Committee Statement: IEEE 1145 is a withdrawn standard. Added reference to IEEE 1578.
Response Message:
Public Input No. 34-NFPA 70B-2013 [Section No. 15.9.4.1.2]
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First Revision No. 26-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 15.9.4.3 ]
15.9.4.3 Safety Guidelines. Battery Hazard Awareness.
Personnel should be aware of the types of hazards associated with stationary batteries, . A vented
battery emits a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen gas. Under abnormal conditions, such as a lack of space
ventilation, it is possible for the mixture to reach a flammable level. Voltages present can cause injury and
death. Exposing skin and eyes to electrolyte can cause severe burns and blindness. Vented lead-acid
batteries can emit a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen gas. Under abnormal conditions, such as a lack of
space ventilation, it is possible for the mixture to reach a flammable level. flammable/explosive gas
hazards, chemical hazards, electric shock hazards, and arc flash/thermal hazards. Not all stationary
batteries have the same types or degrees of hazards. Personnel must understand the potential hazards
and do a risk assessment prior to any work per 7.1 and NFPA 70E . Personnel should also follow the
manufacturer's instructions. As a minimum, the safety precautions in 15.9.4.3.1 through
15.9.4.3.6 15.9.4.3.5 should be observed. IEEE 1657, IEEE Recommended Practice for Personnel
Qualifications for Installation and Maintenance of Stationary Batteries , provides levels recommended
curriculum for various skill levels. (See 15.9.4.1.2 .)
15.9.4.3.1 Flammable Gas Hazard.
Maintenance personnel should be trained to perform the tasks properly. Training should include using
personal protective equipment, handling the electrolyte safely, using the proper tools, and following the
battery manufacturer's service and maintenance instructions. Lead-acid and nickel-cadmium batteries can
emit a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen gas. Under abnormal conditions, such as overcharging or
extreme over-temperatures combined with a lack of space ventilation, it is possible for this mixture to
reach a flammable level. Where lead-acid and nickel-cadmium batteries are used or stored, the following
steps should be taken:
(1) Verify that the ventilation system in the room or compartment where the batteries are located is
operating as required, including both the intake and exhaust systems
(2) Prevent the use of open flames, sparks, and other ignition sources in the vicinity of storage
batteries, gas ventilation paths, and places where flammable gas can accumulate
15.9.4.3.2 AC and DC Voltage Hazard.
The technician should verify that the ventilation system in the room or compartment in which operating
lead–acid batteries are located is operating as required. Voltage is always present on battery systems, so
the safety procedures in NFPA 70E for energized equipment should be followed. Voltages present on
large systems, including chargers, can cause injury or death. Personnel should determine the voltages
that are present, use insulated tools, and use PPE as appropriate. Conductive objects should not be used
near battery cells.
15.9.4.3.3 Chemical Hazard.
Appropriate safety equipment should be used in accordance with NFPA 70E , Standard for Electrical
Safety in the Workplace , and manufacturer's instructions. Electrolyte can cause severe injury to the
eyes and mucus linings and can cause rash or burns to skin if not treated promptly. Not all battery
maintenance activities expose personnel to electrolyte, so the service person must understand the
potential exposure as part of the risk assessment prior to doing any work on a battery system.
15.9.4.3.4 Arc Flash and Thermal Hazard.
Open flames, sparks, and other ignition sources should be kept away from storage batteries, gas
ventilation paths, and places where hydrogen can accumulate. Prior to performing the task, personnel
should perform a risk assessment and note the potential arc flash and thermal hazards, which should be
already posted, and wear the appropriate level of PPE. Measures to avoid arc flash can include
separating the battery into low-voltage segments and ensuring that positive and negative conductive
paths are not exposed at the same time.
15.9.4.3.5 Access.
Conductive objects should not be used near battery cells. Insulated tools should be used to protect
against shorting of cells. Unauthorized access to exposed batteries should be prohibited.
15.9.4.3.6
Unauthorized access to exposed batteries should be prohibited.
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Submitter Information Verification
Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ]
[ Not Specified ]
Organization:
Street Address:
City:
State:
Zip:
Submittal Date:
Thu Mar 13 10:29:49 EDT 2014
Committee Statement
Committee
Statement:
Section 15.9.4.3 and subsections are rearranged and modified to separately address the hazards
associated with battery systems. This adds clarity and increases awareness of the hazards
involved with the specified types of battery systems.
Response
Message:
Public Input No. 35-NFPA 70B-2013 [Section No. 15.9.4.3 [Excluding any Sub-Sections]]
Public Input No. 36-NFPA 70B-2013 [Section No. 15.9.4.3.1]
Public Input No. 37-NFPA 70B-2013 [Section No. 15.9.4.3.2]
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First Revision No. 51-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 15.9.4.4.2 ]
15.9.4.4.2
Plates and internal parts within clear containers should be checked for damage such as excessive
positive plate growth, sulfate crystal formation on positive plates, buckling, warping, scaling, swelling,
cracking, hydration rings, excessive sedimentation, mossing, copper contamination, internal post seal
cracks, and changes in color. Cells exhibiting any of these characteristics should be evaluated for repair or
replacement.
Submitter Information Verification
Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ]
Organization:
[ Not Specified ]
Street Address:
City:
State:
Zip:
Submittal Date:
Thu Mar 13 14:22:21 EDT 2014
Committee Statement
Committee
Statement:
Two of the most common things to check in a vented lead-acid battery (positive plate growth
and crystal growth) were added to the list of things to check.
Response
Message:
Public Input No. 38-NFPA 70B-2013 [Section No. 15.9.4.4.2]
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First Revision No. 27-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 15.9.4.4.4 ]
15.9.4.4.4
A check should be made for spilled electrolyte or electrolyte leaks . A solution of water and bicarbonate of
soda (baking soda) should be used to neutralize lead–acid battery spills, and a solution of boric acid and
water should be used for Ni-Cad spills. The battery manufacturer’s instructions should be consulted for
proper proportions. Information on prevention and response to electrolyte spills can be found in IEEE
1578, Recommended Practice for Stationary Battery Electrolyte Spill Containment and Management.
Submitter Information Verification
Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ]
Organization:
[ Not Specified ]
Street Address:
City:
State:
Zip:
Submittal Date:
Thu Mar 13 10:59:05 EDT 2014
Committee Statement
Committee
Statement:
Electrolyte leaks are more common than spills. A reference is added to IEEE 1578 which gives
information about how to design battery systems to prevent spills or leaks, and how to respond
when leaks and spills do occur.
Response
Message:
Public Input No. 39-NFPA 70B-2013 [Section No. 15.9.4.4.4]
5/6/2014 3:13 PM
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First Revision No. 28-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 15.9.4.4.5 ]
15.9.4.4.5
The electrolyte level before water addition should be checked, and corrective measures should be noted
in accordance with the owner’s maintenance program and the manufacturer’s recommendations.
Excessive water consumption can be a sign of overcharging or cell damage. For lead–antimony batteries,
including low-antimony designs such as lead-selenium, water consumption increases gradually with age.
Distilled or deionized water should be used unless otherwise recommended by the battery manufacturer.
CAUTION: Never add anything but water to a battery unless recommended to do so by the manufacturer.
Submitter Information Verification
Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ]
Organization:
[ Not Specified ]
Street Address:
City:
State:
Zip:
Submittal Date:
Thu Mar 13 11:00:27 EDT 2014
Committee Statement
Committee
Statement:
Some users may not realize that lead-selenium batteries are also lead-antimony, and thus not
be aware that in a lead-selenium battery water consumption will also increase with age.
Response
Message:
Public Input No. 40-NFPA 70B-2013 [Section No. 15.9.4.4.5]
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First Revision No. 29-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 15.9.4.4.6 ]
15.9.4.4.6
Ventilation and the suitability and condition of electrical equipment in the area should be checked for its
possible effect on the battery. Local sources of heating and cooling can create cell temperature
differentials that cause battery damage. Where abnormal temperatures, temperature differentials, or
restricted air movement are noted, sources of the condition should be identified and possible corrective
measures should be considered. Battery room ventilation openings should be checked to be sure they
are clear of obstructions.
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Committee Statement
Committee
Statement:
Location of equipment in a room is a design issue that might be outside the jurisdiction of the
maintenance worker. This adds a recommended action when abnormal heating and/or ventilation
is detected.
Response
Message:
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First Revision No. 30-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 15.9.4.4.7 ]
15.9.4.4.7
Ambient temperature should be checked to be within the manufacturer’s recommended range. High
ambient temperatures reduce cell life. Lower ambient cell temperatures reduce cell capacity. In a
well-ventilated room with proper circulation of air between battery units, a temperature differential of more
than a few degrees between battery cells and the ambient room temperature could indicate impending
thermal runaway, in which case corrective action should be taken immediately. As a general
consideration, a deviation greater than 3°C–5°C (37°F–41°F) should be cause for concern.
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Committee Statement
Committee
Statement:
A sentence is added to warn that high temperature differentials between battery cells and
ambient could imply potential thermal runaway and directs corrective action should be taken. A
range is suggested for reasonable temperature deviation.
Response
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First Revision No. 31-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 15.9.4.4.8 ]
15.9.4.4.8
Area heating, air conditioning, seismic protection, dc circuit overcurrent protection, distilled or deionized
water supply, grounding connections, cable clamps, and all other installed protective systems and devices
should be checked. If deionized water is used, it is important to check for proper operation of the
deionizer (or if deionizing filters need replacement) .
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Committee
Statement:
Either distilled water or deionized water are commonly used to replenish electrolyte. Distilled water
is usually purchased, whereas deionized water can be created locally. It is important to check for
proper operation of the deionizer (or if deionizing filters need replacement) if that source of water is
used for battery water.
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First Revision No. 32-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 15.9.4.4.12 ]
15.9.4.4.12 *
All battery connections should be checked on a routine basis for high connection resistance with a microohmmeter for high connection resistance . When Terminal post connections should only be tightened
when the need is indicated by resistance readings or infrared scan. Where a connection resistance is
high, then the connection should be cleaned and torqued in accordance with the manufacturer’s
procedures. Where test sets to read intercell connection resistance are not available or cannot be utilized
(for example, due to inaccessible posts), an infrared scan (see 11.14.2.5 ) can be used to indicate
which connections need to be torqued to the battery manufacturer’s specified values. (See also Section
8.11 .)
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Committee
Statement:
A micro-ohmmeter is the appropriate tool for checking connection resistance. New text allows
infrared scan in lieu of micro-ohmmeter under specified conditions. Many users may not be aware
that a conventional digital ohmmeter cannot resolve the small resistances typically present in
intercell connections. In some battery systems, such as small VRLA, the posts are inaccessible.
Response
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First Revision No. 33-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 15.9.4.4.13 ]
15.9.4.4.13
Alarm relays, lights, horns, and horns should emergency lighting should be checked for proper operation.
The battery room emergency lighting should be checked.
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Committee Statement
Committee Statement: This editorial change combines the two sentences into one.
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First Revision No. 34-NFPA 70B-2014 [ New Section after 15.9.4.5.2 ]
15.9.4.5.3
Batteries should be visually inspected for excess sedimentation and other signs of plate damage.
Excess sedimentation and plate damage can be caused by any of the following:
(1) Vibration caused by an external source . If vibration is observed, then isolate the batteries from
the vibration and/or plan for an earlier-than-normal scheduled battery replacement.
(2) Incorrect charging regimes . The charger settings should be set to the battery manufacturer's
recommended voltage range. If not, they should be adjusted as appropriate.
(3) Excessive cycling . The cause of excessive discharge/recharge cycles should be determined and
corrected, if possible. Otherwise, it might be necessary to plan for an earlier-than-normal battery
replacement.
(4) Aging . The battery date codes should be noted and it should be determined if the observed
condition is within the predicted condition for a battery of that age.
(5) Manufacturing defect . If the battery is relatively new, or if the condition is only observed in one or
a few cells within the same manufacturing "batch number," the manufacturer should be contacted
for possible warranty replacement.
(6) AC ripple current from charger or connected load . Readings should be taken to determine if the
amount of ripple current exceeds the manufacturer's recommended limit.
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Committee Statement
Committee
Statement:
In transparent containers, visual inspection is a highly reliable maintenance practice that can
identify many failure modes. The wording directs service personnel to inspect for sedimentation and
identifies possible causes for excess sedimentation, one of which is vibration. This adds some
guidance for what the maintenance personnel should do if the condition is observed.
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First Revision No. 35-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 15.9.4.5.2 ]
15.9.4.5.2
Some lead–acid lead–acid batteries support as few as 50 full discharges while others can tolerate over
1000 discharges, depending upon the battery construction and the depth of discharges. Excessive
discharges can shorten the life of a battery. Fully discharging a Full-discharge testing a stationary battery
more than twice in one year is not recommended.
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Committee
Statement:
The text was modified to limit full discharge tests (as opposed to emergency discharges). Full
discharges beyond the control of the operator are beyond the scope of this recommendation.
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First Revision No. 57-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 15.9.9.3 ]
15.9.9.3
Terminal connections of all equipment-grounding conductors and bonding jumpers should be checked to
see that they are tight and free of corrosion. Bonding jumpers should also be examined for physical
abuse, and those with broken strands should be replaced. Where metal raceway is used as the
equipment-grounding path, couplings, bushings, set-screws, and locknuts should be checked to see that
they are tight and properly seated. Any metal raceway used as the equipment-grounding path should be
examined carefully for rigid mounting and secure joints; screws and bolts should be checked to confirm
that they are properly torqued in accordance with Section 8.11 .
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Committee Statement
Committee
Statement:
Retorquing to check for tightness may not be a suitable method. The new 8.11 improves the
installation and maintenance process of connections and terminations for better safety and
reliability.
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First Revision No. 58-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 15.9.11.3.5 ]
15.9.11.3.5
All electrical connections should be checked and torqued to manufacturer's specifications. Bolts should
be loosened and re-torqued to proper values for tightness in accordance with Section 8.11 .
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Committee
Statement:
Retorquing to check for tightness may not be a suitable method. The new 8.11 improves the
installation and maintenance process of connections and terminations for better safety and
reliability.
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First Revision No. 59-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 16.4.2 ]
16.4.2 Loose Connections.
Bus bar and terminal connections should be inspected periodically to ensure that all joints are properly
tightened. Proper torque is a function of bolt size, bolt type, terminal material, washer type, and type of
bus bar. Proper bolt torque values for all types of joints involved normally are available in manufacturers'
maintenance and instructional literature. It Connections and terminations should not be assumed that
bus bar and terminal hardware, once tightened to proper torque values, remains tight indefinitely. (See
Section 11.17 , which describes one method of detecting loose connections during the periods between
shutdowns.) inspected and checked for tightness in accordance with Section 8.11 .
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Committee Statement
Committee
Statement:
Retorquing to check for tightness may not be a suitable method. The new 8.11 improves the
installation and maintenance process of connections and terminations for better safety and
reliability.
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First Revision No. 60-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 16.5.4 ]
16.5.4 Loose Connections.
Loose connections are the major source of excessive heat, which can lead to deterioration of the
insulation and eventual failure of the device. Terminal and bus bar connections as well as cable
connections should be examined and tightened as required using the manufacturer's torque
recommendations in accordance with Section 8.11 . Any device that has evidence of overheated
conductors and carbonized insulation should be repaired or replaced. Disconnects showing any evidence
of damage and contacts showing evidence of welding or excessive pitting should be repaired or replaced.
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Committee Statement
Committee
Statement:
Retorquing to check for tightness may not be a suitable method. The new 8.11 improves the
installation and maintenance process of connections and terminations for better safety and
reliability. The manufacturer’s torque recommendations are incorporated in 8.11.
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First Revision No. 61-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 17.9 ]
17.9 Loose Connections.
Excessive heat in a circuit breaker can cause a malfunction in the form of nuisance tripping and possibly
an eventual failure. Loose connections are the most common cause of excessive heat. Periodic
maintenance checks should involve checking for loose connections or evidence of overheating. Loose
connections should be tightened as required, using manufacturers' recommended torque values checked
for tightness in accordance with Section 8.11 . Insulated-case/molded-case circuit breakers having
noninterchangeable trip units are properly adjusted, tightened, and sealed at the factory. Those having
interchangeable trip units installed away from the factory could overheat if not tightened properly during
installation. All connections should be maintained in accordance with manufacturers' recommendations.
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Committee Statement
Committee
Statement:
Retorquing to check for tightness may not be a suitable method. The new 8.11 improves the
installation and maintenance process of connections and terminations for better safety and
reliability. The manufacturer’s torque recommendations are incorporated in 8.11.
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First Revision No. 62-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 18.1.3 ]
18.1.3 Cleaning and Servicing.
The power source to fuseholders should be disconnected before servicing. All fuseholder
connections terminations should be tightened. All connections to specifications should be torqued where
available checked for tightness in accordance with Section 8.11 . Fuseclips should be checked to
ascertain that they exert sufficient pressure to maintain good contact. Clips making poor contact should be
replaced or clip clamps used. Contact surfaces of fuse terminals and clips that have become corroded or
oxidized should be cleaned. Silver-plated surfaces should not be abraded. Contact surfaces should be
wiped with a noncorrosive cleaning agent. Fuses showing signs of deterioration, such as discolored or
damaged casings or loose terminals, should be replaced.
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Committee Statement
Committee
Statement:
Retorquing to check for tightness may not be a suitable method. The new 8.11 improves the
installation and maintenance process of connections and terminations for better safety and
reliability.
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First Revision No. 63-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 20.3.3 ]
20.3.3
Bolted connections between sections bus joints should be visually checked for corrosion and a sample
retorquing done in suspect areas arcing between bus joints. Bus joint tightness should be verified in
accordance with Section 8.11 .
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Committee Statement
Committee
Statement:
Retorquing to check for tightness may not be a suitable method. The new 8.11 improves the
installation and maintenance process of connections and terminations for better safety and
reliability.
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First Revision No. 64-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 20.4.2.2 ]
20.4.2.2
Belleville spring washers are designed to help maintain proper tightness at the joints of bus bars and
cable connections as the bus material expands and contracts under load. A flat or discolored Belleville
spring washer could be a sign that the bolt has been overtorqued or that it has been overheated and lost
its temper. If either of these situations exists, the washer should be replaced according to the
manufacturers’ specifications with regard to components and installation procedures.
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Committee Statement
Committee Statement: Belleville spring washers are not used for cable connections.
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First Revision No. 65-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 27.2.7 ]
27.2.7
Wherever electrical equipment cover bolts or screws require torquing to meet operating specifications, the
bolts or screws should be maintained with the proper torque as specified by the manufacturer or Section
8.11 . Electrical equipment should not be energized when any such bolts or screws are missing. All bolts
and screws should be replaced with original components or approved replacements.
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Committee Statement
Committee
Statement:
Retorquing to check for tightness may not be a suitable method. The new 8.11 improves the
installation and maintenance process of connections and terminations for better safety and
reliability. The manufacturer’s torque recommendations are incorporated in 8.11.
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First Revision No. 66-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 30.1 [Excluding any Sub-Sections] ]
Global FR-67 Hide Deleted
RCM is the process of supporting an enhanced maintenance program, which includes developing
preventive maintenance (PM) programs for electrical and mechanical systems used in facilities based on
the reliability characteristics of those systems and economic considerations while ensuring that safety is
not compromised. RCM is intended to enhance system reliability.
Operational data should be retained through the trending and data storage features of the SCADA system
for use in automated performance monitoring electro-mechanical systems that are supporting an RCM
program.
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Committee Statement: Changes made to improve clarity and useability
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First Revision No. 67-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 30.1.1 ]
30.1.1 General.
Global FR-66 Hide Deleted
Operational data should be retained through data storage. Data gathering utilizing automated monitoring
or manual methods should be implemented to monitor trends and evaluate information to develop
effective SCADA system features for use in automated performance-monitoring electro-mechanical
systems that support an RCM program.
RCM is the process of developing preventive maintenance (PM) programs for electrical and mechanical
systems used in facilities based on the reliability characteristics of those systems and economic
considerations, while ensuring that safety is not compromised.
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Committee Statement: Changes made to improve clarity and useability
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First Revision No. 68-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 30.1.2.1 ]
30.1.2.1
The RCM approach provides a logical way of determining if PM makes sense for a given item. This might
require contracting the work to firms that specialize in providing such services. The approach is based on
the following precepts (see Annex N.5):
(1) The objective of maintenance is to preserve an item’s function(s). The The RCM program should
preserve system or equipment functionality. Redundancy System and component redundancy
improves functional reliability but increases cost in terms of procurement and life cycle
cost maintenance .
(2) RCM examines the entire system and should be focused on maintaining system function rather than
individual component function.
(3) Reliability is one of the basis for decisions. As much as a risk analysis is an effective tool to ensure
worker safety, RCM is a tool available to ensure equipment and system reliability. The failure
characteristics of the item in question must be understood to determine the efficacy effectiveness of
the preventive maintenance program . The conditional probability of failure at specific ages (i.e., the
probability that failure will occur in each given operating age bracket) should be determined.
(4) RCM acknowledges design limitations. Maintenance cannot improve the inherent reliability as it is
dictated by design. Maintenance should sustain the design level of reliability over the life of an item.
(5) RCM is an ongoing process. Throughout the life of the equipment, the difference between the
expected life and the actual design life and failure characteristics should be addressed.
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Committee Statement: Changes made to improve clarity and useability
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First Revision No. 20-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 32.1 ]
32.1 Introduction.
When industrial facilities electrical systems are faced with a catastrophic event such as a fire, flooding,
hurricane, tornado, earthquake, or similar natural or man-made disaster, a very specific and detailed
sequence of events should occur to return the facility electrical system to productive operation in a safe
and expeditious manner. To accomplish this after Actions can also be taken to reduce the damage to the
system to shorten the system recovery time frame. After a disaster event, it is especially critical to analyze
and repair the electrical power system in a safe and logical sequence. This chapter describes the recovery
steps for an electrical power system and related equipment that should be followed before and after an
electrical disaster event occurs.
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Committee Statement
Committee
Statement:
The term man-made was added to correlate with FEMA and NEC Article 708 terminology. Chapter
32 is applicable beyond industrial facilities. The language has been revised to reference electrical
systems. Chap 32 also addresses actions that can be taken ahead of a potential event. A sentence
as been added to acknowledge these pre-event activities.
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First Revision No. 41-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 32.2.1 ]
32.2.1 The Initial Event.
Disaster recovery efforts can be a result of fire, flooding, hurricane, tornados, and earthquakes both
natural and man-made disasters . Disaster scenarios including, but not limited to, the following inflict
damage of varying degrees to facilities:
(1) Fire: soot, material and equipment damage, water damage, structural damage
(2) Flooding: water damage, structural damage
(3) Hurricane: water damage, structural damage, utility infrastructure damage
(4) Tornado: water damage, structural damage, utility infrastructure damage
(5) Earthquake: structural damage, utility infrastructure damage
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Committee Statement
Committee
Statement:
Both FEMA standards and Article 708 of the NEC address critical functions that can be
affected by both natural and man-made disasters.
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First Revision No. 21-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 32.2.2 ]
32.2.2 Securing the Facility to Limit Damage.
If possible, a facility should be secured prior to the disaster event to limit electrical and mechanical
damage to equipment and systems. Electrical and mechanical systems should be shut down and secured,
and critical components should be removed or preserved. Examples of tasks to limit damage are as
follows:
(1) Remove critical motors equipment from their base and raise them above the flood line or remove
them from the flood site .
(2) De-energize power to prevent electrical short circuit and arcing damage.
(3) Secure storage tanks and other large devices that can float away.
(4) Sandbag the fronts of electrical equipment rooms to limit water and debris entry.
(5) Remove critical computer and electronic equipment from the site.
(6) Remove all electrical equipment, drawings, manuals, and supplies stored at ground level.
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Committee Statement
Committee
Statement:
The recommendation is applicable to a broader range of electrical equipment than motors.
Removal from the flood site is added as an option.
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First Revision No. 22-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 32.2.3 [Excluding any Sub-Sections]
]
During large-scale disaster events, one of the biggest challenges for a commercial or industrial facility is
providing enough qualified contractors and disaster recovery specialists to perform required remediation to
the facility. Prior to a disaster event occurring, a preplan should be developed for the mobilization of
recovery personnel. Consideration should also be given to personnel needs during disaster recovery,
including a plan to address physical needs and basic provisions such as transportation, food, shelter, and
hygiene.
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Language was added to address the needs to support of personnel in addition to the
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First Revision No. 23-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 32.2.8 ]
32.2.8 Industry Standards and Guidelines.
Industry standards and guidelines should be referred to for information. Information is available from the
following:
(1) Electrical Apparatus Service Association (EASA), ANSI/EASA AR100, Recommended Practice for
the Repair of Rotating Electrical Apparatus
(2) Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), FEMA P-348, Protecting Building Utilities From
Flood Damage: Principles and Practices for the Design and Construction of Flood Resistant Building
Utility Systems
(3) Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE), IEEE 3007.2, Recommended Practice for the
Maintenance of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems
(4) National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) NEMA, Guidelines for Handling Evaluating
Water-Damaged Electrical Equipment
(5) InterNational Electrical Testing Association (NETA) ANSI/NETA ATS, Standard for Acceptance
Testing Specification
(6) ANSI/NETA MTS, Standard for Maintenance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Distribution
Equipment and Systems
(7) National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), NFPA 70, National Electrical Code , and NFPA 70E,
Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace
(8) PowerTest Annual Technical Conference, 2009, Flood Repair of Electrical Equipment; March 12,
2009, Pat Beisert, Shermco Industries
(9) National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA), Evaluating Fire- and Heat-Damaged
Electrical Equipment
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First Revision No. 42-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 32.2.13 ]
32.2.13 Balance of Plant Electrical Repair.
The balance of plant consists of all equipment other than medium-voltage equipment, low-voltage
distribution equipment, and motors. This includes items such as receptacles, light switches, lighting
transformers, panelboards, start-stop stations, fire alarm panels, instrumentation and process control
components, and metering. These devices are typically repaired by replacement.
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First Revision No. 40-NFPA 70B-2014 [ New Section after 33.2.2 ]
33.2.3 Energy Monitoring.
Monitoring is a primary means of determining the ‘health’ of the array performance. Short- or long-term
reductions in output power can be associated with individual module failure, dirt accumulation, or
deposit of debris on the array. Obtaining performance data and monitoring the array from the time of
commissioning provides a base line performance for on-going system analysis.
33.2.4 Array Cleaning.
Manufacturer’s instructions for cleaning and the use of appropriate cleaning solutions should be
followed to prevent potential damage and premature failure of the PV modules.
33.2.5 Emergency Response.
Following emergency response actions, personnel should maintain vigilance regarding potential shock
and fire hazards. Internal shorting due to mechanical damage and/or water ingress from fire-fighting
efforts could exist even though the array might be disconnected and might appear to be de-energized.
Removal of damaged panels should be performed with the appropriate PPE.
33.2.6 Power Quality.
PV can be a source of power quality problems, including harmonics from the inverters and voltage
variations due to cloud transients. Refer to Chapter 10 for information on how to monitor and mitigate
such problems.
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Industry sources, including IEEE Transaction papers, have reported power quality problems with
renewable energy sources interfacing into the utility electrical system. The maintenance program
should monitor for such and mitigate as necessary, as already covered in Chapter 10 on Power
Quality.
The new wording provides detailed information on 33.2.2.1, 3, and 4 to aid the reader in
recommended proper maintenance.
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First Revision No. 24-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 33.3 ]
33.3 Markings and Labeling.
Proper signage should be installed to identify the location of rooftop panels on the building prior to
completion of installation. Marking is needed to provide appropriate warning and guidance with respect to
working around and isolating the solar electric guidance for maintenance and emergency personnel to
isolate the PV electrical system. This can facilitate identifying energized electrical lines that connect the
solar modules to the inverter.
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First Revision No. 43-NFPA 70B-2014 [ New Section after 34.2.5 ]
34.2.6
EVSE can be a source of power quality problems, including harmonics from the inverters and voltage
variations due to the current loading. Refer to Chapter 10 for information on how to monitor and
mitigate such problems.
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Industry sources, including IEEE Transaction papers, have reported power quality problems with
renewable energy sources interfacing into the utility electrical system. The maintenance program
should monitoring for such and mitigating as necessary, as already covered in Chapter 10 on
Power Quality.
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First Revision No. 38-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. 35.1.2 ]
35.1.2
This service should be undertaken by trained and qualified workers, and all electrical safety practices
outlined in NFPA 70E , Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace , need to be referenced and
used.
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First Revision No. 44-NFPA 70B-2014 [ New Section after 35.12.3 ]
35.13
Wind-powered electric systems can be a source of power quality problems, including harmonics from
the inverters and potential harmonic resonance. Refer to Chapter 10 for information on how to monitor
and mitigate such problems.
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Industry sources, including IEEE Transaction papers, have reported power quality problems with
renewable energy sources interfacing into the utility electrical system. The maintenance program
should monitoring for such and mitigating as necessary, as already covered in Chapter 10 on
Power Quality.
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First Revision No. 36-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. A.15.9.4.4.12 ]
A.15.9.4.4.12
The battery connection resistance value can vary depending upon the type of battery and the application.
See The following recommended practices can be referenced for more information: IEEE 1188,
Recommended Practice for Maintenance, Testing, and Replacement of Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid
(VRLA) Batteries for Stationary Applications , for valve-regulated lead–acid (VRLA) batteries and IEEE
450, Recommended Practice for Maintenance, Testing, and Replacement of Vented Lead-Acid Batteries
for Stationary Applications , for vented lead–acid batteries.
(1) For valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) batteries, see IEEE 1188, Recommended Practice for
Maintenance, Testing, and Replacement of Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid (VRLA) Batteries for
Stationary Applications
(2) For vented lead-acid (VLA) batteries, see IEEE 450, Recommended Practice for Maintenance,
Testing, and Replacement of Vented Lead-Acid Batteries for Stationary Applications
(3) For stationary nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) batteries, see IEEE 1106, Recommended Practice for
Installation, Maintenance, Testing and Replacement of Vented Nickel-Cadmium Batteries for
Stationary Applications
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An editorial change to add bullets in order to make the section easier to read. Two new bullets
are added to reference IEEE Maintenance Standards 1106 & 1145 for Ni-Cd batteries in
stationary and PV applications.
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First Revision No. 9-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. C.1.3.1 ]
C.1.3.1 American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC).
P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
ANSI/AATCC-27, Wetting Agents: Evaluation of Rewetting Agents, 2009.
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First Revision No. 11-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. C.1.3.2 ]
C.1.3.1 American Petroleum Institute (API).
1220 L St. NW, Washington, DC 20005-4070.
Guide for Inspection of Refinery Equipment, Chapter XIV, Electrical Systems, Third edition, 1978 .
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First Revision No. 10-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. C.1.3.3 ]
C.1.3.3 American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM International).
100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.
ASTM D 120, Standard Specifications for Rubber Insulating Gloves , 2009.
ANSI/ASTM D 664, Standard Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric
Titration, 2011a.
ASTM D 1048, Standard Specification for Rubber Insulating Blankets, 2012.
ASTM D 1049, Standard Specification for Rubber Insulating Covers , (Rev. 2010).
ASTM D 1050, Standard Specification for Rubber Insulating Line Hose , 2005 (Rev. 2011).
ASTM D 1051, Standard Specification for Rubber Insulating Sleeves , 2008.
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First Revision No. 12-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. C.1.3.6 ]
C.1.3.4 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) IEEE .
445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331.
ANSI/IEEE 67, Guide for Operation and Maintenance of Turbine Generators, 2005.
ANSI/IEEE 80, Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding, 2000.
ANSI/IEEE 141, Recommended Practice for Electric Power Distribution for Industrial Plants (IEEE Red
Book) , 1993.
ANSI/IEEE 142, Recommended Practice for Grounding of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems
(IEEE Green Book) , 2007.
ANSI/IEEE 241, Recommended Practice for Electric Power Systems in Commercial Buildings (IEEE
Gray Book) , 1990.
ANSI/IEEE 242, Recommended Practice for Protection and Coordination of Industrial and Commercial
Power Systems (IEEE Buff Book) , 2001.
ANSI/IEEE 315 (ANSI Y32.2-75), Graphic Symbols for Electrical and Electronics Diagrams, 1975, (Reaff.
1993) reaffirmed 1993 .
ANSI/IEEE 400, Guide for Making High-Direct-Voltage Tests on Power Cable Systems in the Field,
2012.
ANSI/IEEE 432, Guide for Insulation Maintenance for Rotating Electrical Machinery (5 HP to less than
10,000 HP), 1992.
IEEE 1458, Recommended Practice for the Selection, Field Testing, and Life Expectancy of Molded
Case Breakers for Industrial Applications .
ANSI/IEEE 446, Recommended Practice for Emergency and Standby Power Systems for Industrial and
Commercial Applications (IEEE Orange Book) , 1995.
ANSI/IEEE 450, Recommended Practice for Maintenance, Testing, and Replacement of Vented
Lead-Acid Batteries for Stationary Applications, 2010.
ANSI/IEEE 519, Recommended Practice and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electrical Power
Systems, 1992.
IEEE 602, Recommended Practice for Electrical Systems in Health Care Facilities (IEEE White Book),
2007.
ANSI/IEEE 739, Recommended Practice for Energy Management in Industrial and Commercial
Facilities (IEEE Bronze Book), 1995.
IEEE C2, National Electrical Safety Code , Part 1, Rules for the Installation and Maintenance of Electric
Supply Stations and Equipment, 2012.
IEEE C37.41, Standard Design Tests for High-Voltage (>1000 V) Fuses, Fuse and Disconnecting Cutouts,
Distribution Enclosed Single-Pole Air Switches, Fuse Disconnecting Switches, and Fuse Links and
Accessories Used with These Devices, 2008.
ANSI/IEEE C37.95, Guide for Protective Relaying of Utility-Consumer Interconnections, 2002.
ANSI/ IEEE C37.96, Guide for AC Motor Protection,2000 2012 .
IEEE C57.94, Recommended Practice for Installation, Application, Operation and Maintenance of
Dry-Type General Purpose Distribution and Power Transformers, 1982 (Reaff. 1987) , reaffirmed 1987 .
ANSI/IEEE C57.106, Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Insulating Oil in Equipment, 2006.
IEEE C57.111, Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Silicone Insulating Fluid and Its Maintenance in
Transformers, 1989.
ANSI/IEEE C57.121, Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Less Flammable Hydrocarbon Fluid in
Transformers, 1998.
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First Revision No. 13-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. C.1.3.8 ]
C.1.3.8 Intertec Publishing Corp.
9800 Metcalf Avenue, P.O. Box 12901, Overland Park, KS 66282-2901.
EC&M Magazine.
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First Revision No. 14-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. C.1.3.11 ]
C.1.3.8 National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA).
1300 North 17th Street, Suite 1847, Rosslyn, VA 22209.
NEMA 280, Application Guide for Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupters (see Section 7, Field Test Devices, and
Section 8, Field Troubleshooting), 1990.
NEMA AB 3, Molded Case Circuit Breakers and Their Application, 2012.
NEMA AB 4, Guidelines for Inspection and Preventive Maintenance of Molded-Case Circuit Breakers
Used in Commercial and Industrial Applications , 2009.
NEMA ICS 1.3, Preventive Maintenance of Industrial Control and Systems Equipment, 1986 (Reaff ,
reaffirmed 2009) .
NEMA ICS 2.3, Instructions for the Handling, Installation, Operation, and Maintenance of Motor Control
Centers Rated Not More Than 600 Volts, 1995 (Reaff. , reaffirmed 2008) .
NEMA ICS 7, Industrial Control and Systems Adjustable — Speed Drives, 2006.
ANSI/NEMA KS 3, Guidelines for Inspection and Preventive Maintenance of Switches Used in
Commercial and Industrial Applications, 2010.
ANSI/NEMA MG 2, Safety Standard for Construction and Guide for Selection, Installation and Use of
Electric Motors and Generators (see Section 8.3, Maintenance), 2001, (Reaff. 1– reaffirmed 2007) .
NEMA PB 1.1, General Instructions for Proper Installation, Operation, and Maintenance of Panelboards
Rated at 600 Volts or Less,2007 2012 .
NEMA PB 2.1, General Instructions for Proper Handling, Installation, Operation, and Maintenance of
Deadfront Distribution Switchboards Rated 600 Volts or Less, 2007.
Evaluating Water-Damaged Electrical Equipment, 2011.
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First Revision No. 15-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. C.1.3.12 ]
C.1.3.12 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226.
Guidelines for Controlling Hazardous Energy During Maintenance and Servicing.
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First Revision No. 1-NFPA 70B-2014 [ New Section after C.1.3.15 ]
C.1.3.11 OSHA Publications.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 200 Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20210.
U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety & Health Administration, Directorate of Technical
Support and Emergency Management, Office of Technical Programs and Coordination Activities: Safety
& Health Information Bulletin (SHIB) 02-16-2010, "Certification of Work place Products by Nationally
Recognized Testing Laboratories".
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Public Input No. 14-NFPA 70B-2013 [Section No. 2.3.8]
Public Input No. 25-NFPA 70B-2013 [Section No. D.2]
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First Revision No. 16-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. C.1.3.15 ]
C.1.3.11 Additional Addresses for Bibliography.
Chemical Rubber Co., 18901 Cranwood Parkway, Cleveland, OH 44128.
E. P. Dutton & Co., 201 Park Avenue S., New York, NY 10003.
Gale Research Co., 1400 Book Tower, Detroit, MI 48226.
Hayden Book Co., Inc., 50 Essex Street, Rochelle Park, NJ 07662.
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7174.
Plant Engineering , 1350 E. Touhy Avenue, Des Plaines, IL 60018.
Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07632.
Howard W. Sams Co., Inc., 4300 W. 62nd Street, Indianapolis, IN 46268.
TAB Books, Blue Ridge Summit, PA 17214.
Underwriters Laboratories Inc., 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL 60062-2096.
U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC
20402-9328.
Van Nostrand Reinhold Publishing Company, 135 W. 50th Street, New York, NY 10020
Westinghouse Electric Corp., Printing Division, 1 Stewart Station Drive, Trafford, PA 15085.
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10016.
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First Revision No. 73-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. C.2 ]
C.2 Power Quality References.
Electrical Power Systems Quality , McGraw Hill, 2002
IEEE 1250, IEEE Guide for Identifying and Improving Voltage Quality in Power Systems , 2011.
IEEE 1409, Guide for Application of Power Electronics for Power Quality Improvement on Distribution
Systems Rated 1 kV Through 38 kV, 2012.
IEEE 1453, IEEE Recommended Practice — Adoption of IEC 61000-4-15:2010, Electromagnetic
compatibility (EMC) — Testing and measurement techniques — Flickermeter — Functional and design
specifications , 2011.
IEEE 1564, Draft Guide for Voltage Sag Indices, 2014. Power Quality Analysis , NJATC , 2011.
Power Quality Analysis, NJATC , 2011.
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C.2.1 Harmonics.
Power Quality for the Utility Engineer, Electric Power Research Institute, 1988, p. VIII-12.
Van Wagner, et al., Industrial Power Quality Case Study: General Motors Corporation BuickOldsmobile-Cadillac Group Powertrain Group — Livonia Engine, Detroit Edison, March 1990, p. 43.
C.2.2 Sags and Swells.
Berutti, Al, and R. M. Waggoner, “Practical Guide to Quality Power for Sensitive Electronic Equipment,”
EC&M, Intertec Publishing, 1993. Based on materials originally written by John A. DeDad and editors
of EC&M .
Chavousite, David M., “Selective Power Conditioning Keeps Plant Operating,” Power Quality
Assurance, July/August 1994, pp. 72–75.
Conrad, L., K. Little, and C. Grigg, “Predicting and Preventing Problems Associated with Remote FaultClearing Voltage Dips,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, January 1991, Vol. 27, pp.
167–172.
DeDad, John A., “Power Quality and Electronic Equipment Protection. What to Use, When to Use It,”
EC&M, January 1991, pp. 37–46.
Dorr, Douglas S., “Point of Utilization Power Quality Study Results,” National Power Laboratory Power
Quality Study, October 1994.
Douglas, John, “Power Quality,” EPRI Journal, December 1993, pp. 8–15.
Dranetz Field Handbook for Power Quality Analysis, Dranetz Technologies, Inc., 1989.
IEEE 1159, Recommended Practice on Monitoring Electric Power Quality, 1995.
Kreiss, David, “Determining the Severity and Cause of Voltage Sags Using Artificial Intelligence,” PQ
Conference, October 1994.
Lamoree, Jeff, “How Utility Faults Impact Sensitive Customer Loads,” Electrical World, April 1992, pp.
60–63.
Martzloff, Francois D., and Thomas M. Gruz, “Power Quality Site Surveys; Facts, Fiction, and
Fallacies,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, November/December 1988, Vol. 24, No. 6.
McGrahaghan, Mark, David R. Mueller, and Marek J. Samothj,“Voltage Sags in Industrial Systems,”
IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, March/April 1993, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 397–403.
Smith, Charles J. et al., “The Impact of Voltage Sags on Industrial Plant Loads.”
“Voltage Sags in Industrial Systems,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, March/April 1993.
C.2.3 Noise.
Dranetz Field Handbook for Power Quality Analysis , 1991.
Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 94, U.S. Department of Commerce, 1983.
IEEE 100, Standard Dictionary of Electrical and Electronic Term s, 1996.
ANSI/IEEE 1100, Recommended Practice for Powering and Grounding Electronic Equipment (IEEE
Emerald Book), 2005.
C.2.4 Interruptions.
IEEE 1159, Recommended Practice for Monitoring Electric Power Quality, 2009.
IEEE 1250, IEEE Guide for Identifying and Improving Voltage Quality in Power Systems, 2011.
ANSI/NEMA C84.1, Electric Power Systems and Equipment, Voltage Ratings (60 Hertz), 2006.
C.2.5 Interharmonics.
Gunther, Erich, Draft document on interharmonics.
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The references were dated and difficult to obtain. References currently used in the industry
have been added.
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First Revision No. 106-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. D.1.2.2 ]
D.1.2.2 IEEE Publications.
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ
08855-1331.
ANSI/IEEE 43, Recommended Practice for Testing Insulation Resistance of Rotating Machinery, 2000.
IEEE 100, Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms, 2000.
ANSI/IEEE 315 (ANSI Y32.2-75), Graphic Symbols for Electrical and Electronics Diagrams, 1975 (Reaff.
1993).
IEEE 450, Recommended Practice for Maintenance, Testing, and Replacement of Vented Lead-Acid
Batteries for Stationary Applications, 2010.
IEEE 1106, Recommended Practice for Installation, Maintenance, Testing and Replacement of Vented
Nickel-Cadmium Batteries for Stationary Applications , 2005, revised 2011.
IEEE 1188, Recommended Practice for Maintenance, Testing, and Replacement of Valve-Regulated
Lead-Acid (VRLA) Batteries for Stationary Applications, 2005.
IEEE C57.12.00, General Requirements for Liquid-Immersed Distribution, Power, and Regulating
Transformers, 2010.
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First Revision No. 19-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. D.2 ]
D.2 Informational References.
The following documents or portions thereof are listed here as informational resources only. They are not
a part of the recommendations of this document.
Power Quality for the Utility Engineer , Electric Power Research Institute, p. VIII-12, 1988.
Van Wagner et al., Industrial Power Quality Case Study: General Motors Corporation Buick-OldsmobileCadillac Group Powertrain Group — Livonia Engine, Detroit Edison, March 1990, p. 43.
D.2.1 IEEE Publications.
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ
08855-1331.
ANSI/IEEE 1100, Recommended Practice for Powering and Grounding Electronic Equipment (IEEE
Emerald Book), 2005.
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First Revision No. 37-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. H.21 ]
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H.21
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Figure H.21(a) shows a typical battery record shows an example of a VRLA battery inspection report.
Figure H.21(b) shows an example of a VRLA maintenance work sheet. .
Figure H.21(a) Typical Battery Record.
Figure H.21(b) Example of a VRLA Maintenance Worksheet.
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H.21_a_and_H.21_b_.docx
attachment for FR-37
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Because there are too many battery technologies to show them all, and because no single
worksheet can satisfactorily address them all, this provides two examples of activity check lists for
VRLA batteries only; one is an inspection report, the other is a maintenance report. Service
personnel should refer to referenced IEEE maintenance and testing standards for the type of battery
being being tested. These standards are listed in 15.9.4.1.2
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Public Input No. 48-NFPA 70B-2013 [Section No. H.21]
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First Revision No. 111-NFPA 70B-2014 [ Section No. P.1.1 ]
P.1.1
The identification letters are:
(1) First letter: Internal cooling medium in contact with the windings:
O: mineral oil or synthetic insulating liquid with fire point ≤300°C
K: insulating liquid with fire point > 300°C
L: insulating liquid with no measurable fire point
Fire point — The lowest temperature at which a specimen will sustain burning for 5 s. (ASTM D 92-2005 ,
“Cleveland Open Cup” test method.)
(2) Second letter: Circulation mechanism for internal cooling medium:
N: natural convection flow through cooling equipment and in windings
F: forced circulation through cooling equipment (i.e., coolant pumps), natural convection flow in windings
(also called nondirected flow)
D: forced circulation through cooling equipment, directed from the cooling equipment into at least the main
windings
(3) Third letter: External cooling medium:
A: air
W: water
(4) Fourth letter: Circulation mechanism for external cooling medium:
N: natural convection
F: forced circulation [fans (air cooling), pumps (water cooling)]
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First Revision No. 102-NFPA 70B-2014 [ New Section after P.3 ]
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