APES–Chapter10–Land:PublicandPrivate
Intro:WhoOwnsaTree(pp.261–262)
a) Differentiateclear-cuttingfromselectivecuttingoftrees.
Whataretheprosandconsofeach?
b) Ifcompany(Maxxam)ownstheland,whatrightsdotheyhave?
c) LoggingcompaniesoftenleaseUSForestServiceLand(oftenreferredtoas“the
landofmanyuses”).Whoownsthatland?Whatisallowed?
I.
HumanUseAffectstheEnvironment
A. Avarietyofuses…Listthem:(seefig.10.1,p.263)
B. TragedyoftheCommons(GarrettHardin)
Thetendencyofashared,limitedresourcetobecomedepleted/degradedas
humansactinself-interestforshort-termgains.
Examplesoffreeaccessresources:
C. Externalities-whatarethey?Giveexamples:
Ex:TragedyoftheCommons=negativeexternality
Ex:Newshoppingmallincreasespropertyvalues=positiveexternality
Negativeexternalitiesarethosecostsassociatedwithsomeactivitythataren’tborn
bytheperpetrator…usuallytheyarepassedtotheaveragecitizen/taxpayer.
Solution:Isprivateownershipofresourcestheanswer?
Isself-regulationofresourceexploitation/extractiontheanswer?
D. MaximumSustainableYield-theamountofanimals,treesorcropsthatcanbe
harvestedwithoutharmingtheresourceorsupportingecosystem.
Termedthe“IntermediateHarvest”…someamountthatfallsbetweenunchecked
harvestingandaprohibitionagainstharvesting.Impreciseandvariable.
UseoftheLogisticGrowthCurvetoguideconservationecologists…
Harvestingmanagedtokeepthepopulationat½K(CarryingCapacity),
whichisgenerallyconsideredtobethefastestgrowthrate.
II.
PublicLands–ClassifiedbyUse(seep.266-267)
A. International–seecategories
NationalParks
ManagedResourceProtectedArea
Habitat/SpeciesManagementArea
StrictNatureReserveandWildernessAreas
ProtectedLandscapesandSeacapes
NationalMonuments
B. UnitedStates–multiplecategories,jurisdictions,whatis
allowed/disallowed?
NationalParks
WildlifeRefuges
WildernessAreas
BLMRangelands
USForestServiceLands
III.
LandManagementonPublicLands
A. Rangelands
Grazingonpubliclands
Considerations:
Wateruseandwaterrights
Soilconservation
Plantandanimalspeciesprotection
MineralextractiononBLMlands(recall:MiningActof1872)
B. Forests
1. Timberharvestingpractices
Clear-cutting
Selectivecutting
Ecologicallysustainableforestry
Considerations:
Plantandanimalspeciesprotection
Soilconservation/Riverandstreamprotection
Monoculturetreeplantations
2. FireManagement
Prescribedorcontrolledburns
Firesuppression–findingtherightbalance
IV.
C. FederalRegulation
NEPA=NationalEnvironmentalProtectionAct(createsEPA’s)
EIS=EnvironmentalImpactStatementondevelopmentprojects
MitigationPlans…howwilllossofhabitatandservicesbehandled?
ESA=EndangeredSpeciesAct
PublicImpacthearings
CWA=CleanWaterAct,includingsection404whichestablishesrulesfor
Dredge/fillofwetlands…USCorpsofEngineersresponsibilities.
ExpansionsofResidential/Development(whereprivatemeetspublic)
A. Urbandevelopment
Urbansprawl
Urbanblight
UseofZoningandothergov’tregulation
B. Suburbangrowthanddevelopment–stemsfromurbansprawl
EnvironmentalImpact:
C. ChangesinExurbanenvironments:
D. SmartGrowth–10BasicPrinciples(seep.276-278)
WORKINGTOWARDSUSTAINABILITY
TheDudleyStreetNeighborhood
a) Whatproblemshadtobedealtwith?
b) Howwaseminentdomainused?
c) Whataresomeoftheachievements?
d) Identifyalocalneighborhoodwheresimilarstepshavebeenused.