AP Macroeconomics Syllabus Textbook: McConnell, Campbell, and Stanley Brue. Economics, 16th Edition, McGrawHill/Irwin, 2005. Workbook: Morton, John S. and Goodman, Rae Jean B., Advanced Placement Economics, 3rd Edition, NCEE, New York, World Composition Services, Inc. Internet Resources: http://www.coursenotes.org/Economics/Macro_Economics/Outlines/Macroeconomics_15th_Edition_Textbook http://reffonomics.com and http://reffonomics.com/1 Attendance: Regular attendance and punctuality are essential to learning the material of this course. Thirty percent of your grade is derived from in-class assignments and homework assignments turned in on time. The material is analytical and cumulative and any gaps in your notes will be large if you are absent. Much material will be presented in class that is not in the McConnell textbook or the AP Economics Workbook by John Morton and Rae Jean Goodman so attendance is not just a good idea—it is imperative. Reread the attendance section. Tardies: Tardiness is unacceptable. Be to class on time, books/notes out and ready to go when the tardy bell rings. Tardiness will result in lunch or afterschool detentions. In-class and Homework Assignments: Daily objectives for the lesson, in-class assignments and the homework will be displayed daily on the Smart-board. Upon entering the class I expect you to get out any homework due, read and do the warm-up and then read the daily objectives. Don’t forget, these assignments are 30 percent of your grade in this class. If you miss any one of these assignments, your grade (on this percentage of your grade) will drop. I will “drop” only one low homework/assignment score so be diligent. I wish you the best of luck on your attendance and punctuality in this class. Lecture Period: Economics is not a spectator sport! Raising your hand is the politest method of asking a question. I encourage questions anytime you have one. I may or may not answer it during a test. Exams: You will have five major tests in this class, plus a final exam. ALL OF THESE ARE REQUIRED. The knowledge you gain in this class is cumulative, so anything that is taught from the beginning of the class to the date of the exam is fair game. The final exam is cumulative. You have until the next class meeting after the exam has been returned to appeal an exam grade. Missing a Test/Exam If you miss a test/exam without an approved excuse, then you will receive a zero for that exam. You should notify me through email at: Donald.anderson@husd.org about missing a test/exam as soon as you are aware of your inability to take the exam, unless it is impossible for you to do so due to an emergency situation. Makeups are not allowed on tests after your 2nd day back. Make use of the Academic Support Period to do a makeup. What are valid reasons to miss a test and get an excuse to make up the test? Examples include: sickness with copy of doctor visitation note, death in family with copy of obituary, your own death, emergency heart transplant with copy of hospital record, automobile accident with police citation, imprisonment with jail notification, or competing in a sanctioned athletic match/game with a varsity team explained to the instructor before the exam. Exam and Dates: You will have one “early” essay test by the middle of the 2nd week of the course (if you get a D or lower on the early test you should consider dropping the course while you still can. According to the school handbook drop/adds are not allowed after the 2nd week of a semester.) and four, 50-minute tests consisting of both multiple choice and essay questions. The multiple choice portion of the exam will be 67% of the exam grade and the essay portion will be 33% of the exam grade. Please remember these four exams are worth 60 percent of your grade in this class. Reading Assignments: When I give a reading assignment you will be required to either take notes for credit or you will get a notes quiz. Your notes for readings will be HAND WRITTEN in your OWN HANDWRITING, neat, legible and thorough for credit. Grading Scale: Grade weighting is based upon the following criteria (no exceptions): Exams (five during the semester) In-class and homework assignments Quizzes Participation Final Exam 50 % 10 % 10 % 10 % 20 % Your final grade in the class is based upon the following grading scale (board policy): 90 – 100 percent 80 - 89 percent 70 – 79 percent 60 – 69 percent 59 - 0 percent A= 4 points (un-weighted). B= 3 (un-weighted). C= 2 (un-weighted). D= 1 (un-weighted). F= 0 (un-weighted). Americans with Disabilities Act and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act: Students with disabilities requiring special accommodations must notify the instructor. All alternative accommodations in relation to class requirements must be worked out with the instructor at least one full week (seven days) prior to deadlines. Graphing: You have heard the old adage, “A picture is worth a thousand words.” Well, in AP Macroeconomics the adage is, “A graph is worth a zillion words.” From the first chapter to the last chapter in AP Microeconomics, the drawing of correctly labeled graphs are a MUST. Anything less than a correctly labeled graph will be unacceptable. You will be drawing graphs with the following topics: production-possibilities curve, marginal benefits/marginal costs, supply/demand, money market graph, loanable funds market graph, aggregate supply/aggregate demand graphs, exchange market graphs, Phillips’ curve graph, and many more. “Free” Response Questions You Will Be Writing Answers (including graphs) to During the Semester: AP Macroeconomics “Free” Response Questions Production-possibilities Curve 1999 #2 Production-possibilities Curve (wheat and cloth, comparative advantage) 2003 #3 Production-possibilities Curve (absolute/comparative advantage, terms trade) Circular Flow and GDP 1997 #2 Circular Flow (circular flow/AD/flow of expenditures/flow of earnings) 1999 #2 GDP (flow of expenditures/flow of earnings, what is included in GDP) 2007 #3 GDP (what is and is not included) Monetary Policy 1993 #2 Reserve Requirement (T-account) 1996 #3 Reserve Requirement (MS, simple money multiplier, limitations) 2001 #3 Reserve Requirement (M1, M2, maximum loans, limitations) 2004 #3 FED buys bonds, T account, increase in the money supply Aggregate Supply and Aggregate Demand (Monetary/Fiscal/LR) 1989 #1 AS/AD (economy less than full employment, fiscal/monetary, LR) 1990 #1 AS/AD (economy is ideal, fiscal, monetary, LR) 1993 #1 AS/AD (economy is perfect, fiscal messes it up, monetary corrects it) 1996 #1 AS/AD (high inflation, fiscal, monetary, limitations of these policies) 1998 #2 Sell Bonds (interest rates, investment, AD, PL, Q) 1998 #1 AS/AD (economy is perfect, fiscal policy messes it up, monetary policy, debt, deficit, supply-side tax policy, LR, AS, PP curve) 2000 #1 AS/AD (deep recession, monetary, fiscal, I, long run AS) 2000 #3 Money Market Graph (interest rates, components of AD, AD/AS, PL, Q) 2001 #1 AS/AD (less than full employment, fiscal, money demand, interest rates, corporate taxes, AD/AS, PL, Q) 2002 #1 AS/AD (economy has high unemployment, fiscal, monetary, interest rates) 2004 #1 AS/AD, state of economy, FED, flexible wages and prices 2005 #1 AS/AD, (economy is perfect, goes into recession, FED policies, real interest International Market AND Exchange Rates 1996 #2 Exchange Rates (Yen, Franc, Mark, $, X, M, international value of $) 1998 #3 International value of the currency (change in labor productivity) 2000 #2 Exchange Rates (demand for French goods, increase in interest rate, international value of $) 2001 #2 Exchange Rates (international value of $, X, M) 2002 #3 International Value of $ (interest rates, X, M) 2003 #2 Inflation (effects on fixed interest account, fixed interest loan, how fiscal and monetary policy can correct inflation, affect of inflation on nominal rates, affect of inflation on international value of $) 2004 #2 Loanable funds and exchange market 2005 #2 Loanable funds, deficit spending, investment, international value of $ Aggregate Supply and Aggregate Demand (Monetary/Fiscal/LR/International) 1992 #2 AS/AD (increase in AD, monetary/fiscal, international value of $, X, M) 1994 #3 Increase Productivity (AS, P, Q, X, international value of $) 1997 #3 AS/AD (recession, fiscal, monetary, X, M, international value of $) 1999 #1 AS/AD (increase in relative interest rates, value of $, X, M, I, AD, AS, fiscal, monetary) 2003 #1 AS/AD (severe recession, fiscal, monetary, value of $, X, M) 2006 #1 AS/AD (current state, energy costs rise, AS/AD, international value$) 2007 #1 AS/AD (money market demand, AS/AD, international value of $) Aggregate Supply Shift 1991 #1 AS/AD (supply shock, fiscal, monetary, X, M) 1994 #1 AS/AD (stagflation, fiscal, monetary) 1994 #2 Long Run Growth (short-term interest rates, aggregate expenditures, GDP) 1999 #3 AS/AD (increase in investment, AD, Capital Stock, LR, AS, Q, PP curve) 2002 #2 AS/Long-run effect (decrease in labor participation, increase in gov. deficit, decrease in quantity of inputs required to produce, increase in quality of education, increase in savings rate) Difficult OR Misc. Questions 1997 #1 Interest rate/Money demand sensitivity 1993 #3 Nominal Wages Rise Faster than Labor Productivity (what happens to the general price level, X, international value of the $) 2005 #3 Phillips curve (short run and long run) 2006 #2 Loanable funds market, money market, real interest, nominal interest 2006 #3 Unemployment, natural rate of unemployment, part-time employees and unemployment rate, Phillips curve. 2007 #2 Federal funds rate, multiplier, nominal interest rate, real interest rate Course Outline: Note: Basic Concepts is covered in Microeconomics (including scarcity, choice, opportunity cost, production-possibilities curve, comparative advantage, absolute advantage, specialization, exchange, demand, supply and market equilibrium. We will be following the course outline described in The College Board’s Acorn Booklet found at the following site: http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/public/repository/52270_apeconlocked5_3 _4316.pdf The outline for AP Macroeconomics is found on pages 24 - 26 and reads as follows: Percentage Goals of Exam Content Area (multiple-choice section) I. Basic Economic Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (8–12%) A. Scarcity, choice, and opportunity costs B. Production possibilities curve C. Comparative advantage, absolute advantage, specialization, and exchange D. Demand, supply, and market equilibrium E. Macroeconomic issues: business cycle, unemployment, inflation, growth II. Measurement of Economic Performance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (12–16%) A. National income accounts 1. Circular flow 2. Gross domestic product 3. Components of gross domestic product 4. Real versus nominal gross domestic product B. Inflation measurement and adjustment 1. Price indices 2. Nominal and real values 3. Costs of inflation C. Unemployment 1. Definition and measurement 2. Types of unemployment 3. Natural rate of unemployment III. National Income and Price Determination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (10–15%) A. Aggregate demand 1. Determinants of aggregate demand 2. Multiplier and crowding-out effects B. Aggregate supply 1. Short-run and long-run analyses 2. Sticky versus flexible wages and prices 3. Determinants of aggregate supply C. Macroeconomic equilibrium 1. Real output and price level 2. Short and long run 3. Actual versus full-employment output 4. Economic fluctuations IV. Financial Sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (15–20%) A. Money, banking, and financial markets 1. Definition of financial assets: money, stocks, bonds 2. Time value of money (present and future value) 3. Measures of money supply 4. Banks and creation of money 5. Money demand 6. Money market 7. Loanable funds market B. Central bank and control of the money supply 1. Tools of central bank policy 2. Quantity theory of money 3. Real versus nominal interest rates V. Inflation, Unemployment, and Stabilization Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (20–30%) A. Fiscal and monetary policies 1. Demand-side effects 2. Supply-side effects 3. Policy mix 4. Government deficits and debt B. Inflation and unemployment 1. Types of inflation a. Demand-pull inflation b. Cost-push inflation 2. The Phillips curve: short run versus long run 3. Role of expectations VI. Economic Growth and Productivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (5–10%) A. Investment in human capital B. Investment in physical capital C. Research and development, and technological progress D. Growth policy VII. Open Economy: International Trade and Finance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (10–15%) A. Balance of payments accounts 1. Balance of trade 2. Current account 3. Capital account B. Foreign exchange market 1. Demand for and supply of foreign exchange 2. Exchange rate determination 3. Currency appreciation and depreciation C. Net exports and capital flows D. Links to financial and goods markets Course Calendar: Unit One: Basic Economic Concepts Basic Economic Concepts Scarcity, choice, and opportunity cost Production possibilities curve Comparative advantage, absolute advantage, specialization, and exchange Demand, supply, and market equilibrium Macroeconomic issues: business cycle, unemployment, inflation, growth Chapters Included in Unit One McConnell, Chapters 1, 2, 3, 6 Concepts: Introduction to the language of economics, micro vs. macro, positive vs. normative economics, economic decision making, pitfalls of decision making, scarcity, opportunity costs, production possibilities absolute advantage, comparative advantage, specialization, terms of trade, demand schedule, determinants of demand, individual and market demand curves, supply schedule, determinants of supply, market equilibrium, shifts in supply and demand with effects on equilibrium price and quantity, introduction of key macroeconomic issues Graphs: Production Possibilities Curve Demand and supply curves showing equilibrium Demand and supply curves showing shifts in demand/supply List of key words or terms Key terms: economics, factors of production-inputs, capital, microeconomics, macroeconomics, positive economics, normative economics, ceteris paribus, fallacy of composition, scarcity, opportunity cost, model, production possibilities, constant costs, law of increasing opportunity cost, absolute advantage, comparative advantage, specialization, terms of trade, demand, law of demand, quantity demanded, market demand, substitutes, complements, normal goods, inferior goods, supply, law of supply, quantity supplied, market equilibrium, equilibrium price, equilibrium quantity, business cycle, recession, trough, recovery, unemployment, inflation, economic growth Web Resources http://www.indiana.edu/-econed/jee.htm http://www.ncee.net http://www.reffonomics.com Videos Economics U$A Resources and scarcity: what is economics all about? Markets: Do they serve our needs Paul Solman videos for use with McConnell, Brue, 16th ed., Chapters 1, 2, 3, and 6 Simulation Games Resource Scarcity Game Market in Wheat (John Morton, Advanced Placement Economics, Instructor's Manual, 2nd ed.) Activities Morton. Advanced Placement Economics, Activities 1-8. Other print resources-books or articles Ten Principles of Economics, in Principles of Economics, 3rd ed., by Greg Mankiw 10 Steps to Success, Cracking the AP Economics Examination, by David Anderson Timeline for Unit One Day Class Activity Day 1 2 3 4-5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Class Activity Introduction to the economic way of thinking, Chapters 1 and 2 Discussion of scarcity, opportunity costs/Resource Scarcity Game Production possibilities, Chapter 2 Absolute and comparative advantage, terms of trade, Chapter 6 Test on introductory information/ begin demand, Chapter 3 Demand, donut-eating exercise Shifts in demand, begin supply Test on demand, supply shifts, changes in equilibrium Price/quantity Macroeconomic issues Finish material/study guide discussion Unit 1 Cumulative Test Unit Two: Measurement of Economic Performance Measurement of Economic Performance National income accounts Circular flow Gross domestic product Components of gross domestic product Real versus nominal gross domestic product Inflation measurement and adjustment Price indices Nominal and real values Costs of inflation Unemployment Definition and measurement Types of unemployment Natural rate of unemployment Chapters Included in Unit Two McConnell, Chapters Graphs: Circular flow of economic activity Phases of the business cycle List of key concepts and graphs Concepts: Circular flow of economic activity, inclusions and exclusions concerning gross domestic product, expenditure approach to GDP, income approach to GDP, nominal versus real GDP, phases of the business cycle, types of unemployment, full employment, measurements of inflation, types of inflation, effects of inflation List of Key Words or Terms Key Terms: Gross domestic product, intermediate goods, final goods, multiple counting, expenditure approach, income approach, personal consumption expenditures, gross private domestic investment, net private domestic investment, government purchases, net exports, national income, consumption of fixed capital, depreciation, personal income, disposable personal income, nominal GDP, real GDP, GDP deflator, peak, recession, trough, recovery, labor force, unemployment rate, frictional unemployment, structural unemployment, cyclical unemployment, fullemployment rate of unemployment, natural rate of unemployment, inflation, Consumer Price Index, demand-pull inflation, cost-push inflation, nominal income, real income, deflation Web Resources http:! /www.reffonomics.com http://www.bls.QOV http://www.ncee.net www.apcentral.collegeboard.com Videos Economics U$A: What is GNP? video (provides useful information that can easily be adapted for GDP) Paul Solman videos, Chapters 7 and 8 Activities Advanced Placement Economics, Activities 12-17. Timeline for Unit Two Day Class Activity Day 1 2 3 4 Class Activity Video-What is GNP? Components GDP, expenditure approach, income approach (Ch. 7) Quiz, exercise on nominal and real GDP Types of unemployment (Chapter 8) 5 6 7 8 9 Types of inflation Determining real and nominal values using price indexes Effects of inflation-short play on inflation Review activities from Morton workbook Unit 1-2 Cumulative Test Unit Three: National Income and Price Determination Aggregate demand Determinants of aggregate demand. Multiplier and crowding out effects Aggregate supply Short-run and long-run analyses Sticky versus flexible wages and prices Determinants of aggregate supply Macroeconomic equilibrium Real output and price level Short and long run Actual versus full employment output Economic fluctuations Chapters Included in Unit Three McConnell, Chapters 9 and11 List of Key Concepts and Graphs Concepts: marginal propensity to consume, the multiplier effect, reasons for a downward sloping aggregate demand curve, determinants of aggregate demand, aggregate supply in the short and long run, sticky versus flexible prices and wages, determination of equilibrium output and price level, actual versus full employment, utilization of resources Graphs: Investment demand curve Aggregate demand and short run aggregate supply curve Aggregate demand and long run aggregate supply curve Web Resources http://www.reffonomics.com http://www.ncee.net Videos Paul Solman videos for use with Economics Economics $USA Supply Creates its Own Demand Activities Advanced Placement Economics, Activities 20-29 Jeopardy Timeline for Unit Three Day Class Activity 1 Introduce marginal propensity=>applies to consumption & savings Chap. 9 2 Multiplier effect 3 Aggregate demand and its determinants Chapter 11 4 Quiz. on aggregate demand determinants, intro short run agg. supply 5 Short run and long run aggregate supply 6 7 8 9 Sticky versus flexible wages and prices, equilibrium real output and prices Supply shocks, changes in aggregate demand Jeopardy review activity Unit 1-3 Cumulative Test Unit Four: Financial Sector Money, banking, and financial markets Definition of financial assets: money, stocks, bonds Time value of money (present and future value) Measures of money supply Banks and the creation of money Money demand Money market Loanable funds market Central bank and control of the money supply Tools of central bank policy Quantity theory of money Real versus nominal interest rates Chapters Included in Unit Four McConnell, Chapters 13, 14, 15, and 29 List of key concepts and graphs Concepts: Functions of money, characteristics of money, measures of money, demand for money, the money market, the creation of money, loanable funds market, organization of the Federal Reserve, tools of monetary policy, responsibilities of the Fed, quantity theory of money Graphs Money market Loanable funds market List of key words and terms Key terms: medium of exchange, store of value, measure of value, Ml, M2, M3, checkable deposits, demand deposits, time deposits, legal tender, asset demand, transaction demand, balance sheet, T account, fractional reserve banking system, required reserves, excess reserves, actual reserves, federal funds rate, prime interest rate, discount rate, open-market operations, monetary multiplier, nominal interest rate, real interest rate, FDIC, velocity of money Web Resources Federal Reserve Bank sites http://www.reffonomics.com http://www.ncee.net Video The Fed Today Simulation Games: Creation of Money Exercise Activities Advanced Placement Economics, Activities 34-39 Timeline for Unit Four Day Class Activity 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Functions and types of money, Chapter 13 Demand for money and money market Quiz on money, introduce creation of money Creation of money/simulation game Loanable funds market Funds market, Chapter 29 Quiz on money market and loanable funds Organization of the Federal Reserve, Chapter 13 8 Review Activity 9 Unit 1-4 Cumulative Test Unit Five: Inflation, Unemployment, and Stabilization Policies A. Fiscal and monetary policies 1. Demand -side effects 2. Supply-side effects 3. Policy mix 4. Government deficits and debts B, Inflation and unemployment 1. Types of inflation 2. Demand-pull inflation 3. Cost-push inflation 4. The Phillips Curve: short run versus long run 5. Role of expectations Chapters included in Unit Five McConnell, Chapters 12, 15, 16, and 18 List of Key Concepts and Graphs Key concepts: fiscal policy and the aggregate demand/aggregate supply model, monetary policy and the aggregate demand/aggregate supply model, combinations of the policies and their effects, international considerations, government deficits and debts, long-run aggregate supply, demand pull and cost push inflation, the inflationunemployment relationship, expectations Graphs Aggregate demand/aggregate supply model Phillips curve List of Key Words and Terms Key terms: Expansionary fiscal policy, contractionary fiscal policy, budget deficit, budget surplus, built-in stabilizer, discretionary policy, progressive tax system, regressive tax system, proportional tax system, crowding-out effect, net export effect, Federal Reserve Board of Governors, open-market operations, discount rate, reserve requirement, short run, long run, Phillips Curve, stagflation, aggregate supply shocks, long-run vertical supply curve, supply-side economics Web Resources http://www.reffonomics.com Federal Reserve Banks Web sites Activities Advanced Placement Economics, Activities 43-46. Day 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Class Activity Fiscal policy, Chapter 12 Consequences of fiscal policy Monetary policy, Chapter 15 Consequences of monetary policy Fiscal and monetary policies Chapters 12 and 15 Government budget deficits and debts, Chapter 18 Short-run and long-run supply curve, Chapter 16 Short run and long run Phillips Curve Expectations Review activity Unit Six: Growth and Productivity Growth and Productivity Investment in human capital Investment in physical capital Research and development, and technological development Growth policy Productivity Chapters Included in Unit Six McConnell, Chapter 17 List of Key Concepts and Graphs Key concepts: ingredients of economic growth, production possibilities analysis, growth in the AD/AS model, long- and short-run analysis, labor and productivity, technological advance Graphs Production possibilities curve Aggregate demand/aggregate supply model List of Key Words or Terms Key terms: economic growth, labor productivity, labor-force participation rate, human capital, economies of scale, infrastructure, efficiency Web Resources wwwreffonomics.com www.bls.gov www.ncee.net www.econedlink.org Video Paul Solman videos for use with McConnell, Economics, 16th ed. Activity Advanced Placement Economics, Activity 47 Timeline for Unit Six Day 1 2 3 4 5. Activity Ingredients for growth, chapter 17 Production possibilities and AD/AS analysis Growth from labor productivity and tech. advances Macroeconomic implications Unit 1-6 Test Unit Seven: International Trade and Finance Balance of payments accounts Balance of trade Current account Capital account Foreign exchange market Demand for and supply of foreign exchange Exchange rate determination Currency appreciation and depreciation Net exports and capital flows Links to financial and goods market Chapters Included in Unit Seven McConnell, Chapters 6, 37, and 38 List of Key Concepts and Graphs Concepts: the United States and world trade, absolute and comparative advantage, balance of payments, foreign exchange markets, implications of foreign trade, effects of domestic fiscal and monetary policies on capital flows and foreign exchange, markets, use of resources, decision and policy making. Graphs Production possibilities Foreign exchange market List of Key Words or Terms Key terms: tariffs, quotas, subsidies, absolute advantage, comparative advantage, terms of trade, world price, domestic price, current account, balance on goods and services, trade deficit, trade surplus, capital account, official reserves, flexible exchange rates, fixed exchange rates, depreciation, appreciation, General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), World Trade Organization (WTO), North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFT A) Web Resources www.reffonomics.com www.ncee.net wwweconedlink.org Videos Paul Solman videos to use with McConnell, Economics, 16th ed. Activities Advanced Placement Economics, Activities 49-55 Timeline for Unit Seven Day Class Activity 1 The United States and world trade/barriers to trade, Chapters 6 and 37. 2 Absolute and comparative advantage 3 Balance of payments, Chapter 38 4 Balance of payments 5 Quiz: introduce exchange rates 6 Foreign exchange rates 7 Implications of foreign exchange rates and economic policies 8-end Review for final