Département de criminologie | Department of Criminology
120 Université / 120 University, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5
HISTORY OF CRIMINOLOGICAL THOUGHT
CRM 1301 D
Professor Christine Gervais
Winter, 2013
COURSE OUTLINE
Class Schedule:
Day 1: Monday
Day 2: Wednesday
Room: CBYC03
4 pm – 5:30 pm
2:30 pm - 4 pm
Professor’s Office Hours:
Phone:
Tuesday: 11:30 am to 1:30 pm
Office: FSS 14047
613 562-5800 x 8962
E-mail:
christine.gervais@uottawa.ca
Questions sent by email should receive a response within two business days or during the following
class if taken place within the 48 hours following receipt of the email. Note that the professor reserves
the right not to answer an email if the level of language used is inadequate.
OFFICIAL COURSE DESCRIPTION
Conceptions of crime and punishment during the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries. Classical
period, penitentiary reform movement, first scientific studies, Italian positivist school and
other studies at the turn of the century.
GENERAL COURSE OBJECTIVES
This course examines the way that the concept of crime and assumptions about criminality
were transformed from the Roman Empire, through the Middle Ages, during the colonial
period and into the early 20th century. By challenging the evolutionary assumptions of
modernity, we will consider the social, intellectual and economic contexts in which ideas
arise and come to dominate. Careful consideration will be given to how discursive shifts
impact what is criminalized, why such behaviour is controlled and how crime is punished.
During the course, we will evaluate the continued relevance of earlier perspectives by
exploring modern criminological and criminal justice dynamics.
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TEACHING METHODS
This course will consist of lectures, video presentations, guest speakers and group discussions.
To ensure an atmosphere of collegiality, this course will be conducted in such a way that the
instructor and students can exchange ideas without interruption and without fear of prejudice
on the basis of gender, race, ethnicity, class, disabilities, sexual orientation, and political or
religious affiliation.
***During class, laptops and other electronic devices are to be used for course purposes only.
The audio or video recording of lectures is strictly prohibited.
REQUIRED TEXT
CRM 1301 D Course Reader at Euro Copies - 44 Murray Street / Phone: (613) 241-1317
For online ordering and payment, visit: www.eurocopies.ca/coursepack
*All required readings are to be completed prior to corresponding classes.*
ASSESSMENT METHODS
Assessments consist of in-class mid-term and final exams. The format includes short answer,
multiple choice, fill-in-the-blank and essay questions.
Components of Final Mark
Evaluation Format
Weight
Date
In-class Midterm 1
In-class Midterm 2
Final Exam
25 %
35 %
40 %
February 4, 2013
March 11, 2013
TBD - Exam Period
Absence from Exams and Late Submissions
Class attendance is necessary to successfully complete this course.
Absence from exams and late submissions of assignments are not tolerated. Exceptions
are made only for illness or other serious situations deemed as such by the professor.
There will be a penalty for late submissions. University regulations require all
absences from exams and all late submissions due to illness to be supported by a
medical certificate. The Faculty reserves the right to accept or reject the reason put
forth if it is not medical. Reasons such as travel, work and errors made while reading
the exam schedule are not usually accepted.
In the event of an illness or related complications, only the counseling service and the
campus clinic (located at 100 Marie-Curie) may issue valid certificates to justify a
delay or absence.
We advise you to notify your professor as soon as possible if a religious holiday or
event forces your absence during an evaluation.
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SCHEDULE AND BIBLIOGRAPHY (READING LIST)
Jan 7 & 9
INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGICAL THEORY
*Williams III, Frank P. and Marilyn D. McShane (2010) “Introduction” in Criminological
Theory (Fifth Edition). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall (Pearson). 1-14.
Jan 14 & 16
EARLY MIDDLE AGES AND THE DEMONIC PERSPECTIVE
*Pfohl, S.J. (1985) “The Demonic Perspective: Other Worldly Interpretations of Deviance.”
Images of Deviance and Social Control: A Sociological History. New York: McGraw. 17-45.
Videos: The Passion of the Christ & The Burning Times
*Davey, B., Gibson, M., McEveety, S., Sisti, E. (Producers), & Gibson, M. (Director). (2004). The Passion
of the Christ [Motion Picture]. CA, United States: Icon Productions.
*Armstrong, M., Pettigrew, M., Johansson, S. (Producers), & Read, D. (Director). (1990). The Burning
Times [Documentary]. Montreal, Canada: National Film Board of Canada.
Jan 21 & 23
THE LATE MIDDLE AGES TO THE RENAISSANCE
*Johnson, Herbert; N. Wolfe (1996) “From the Lateran Councils to the Renaissance.” in History
of Criminal Justice. Cincinnati: Anderson. 47-54.
*Cayley, David (1998) “God is Himself Law.” in The Expanding Prison. Toronto: House of
Anansi Press Limited. 123-136.
*Sharpe, J. A. (1993) “Prosecuting Crimes in Early Modern England.” IAHCCJ 18. 41-44.
Videos: Braveheart (excerpt) & History of the Law
*Davey, B., Gibson, M., Ladd, A., Lopata, D., McEveety, S., Robinson, E. (Producers), & Gibson, M.
(Director). (1995). Braveheart [Motion Picture]. Hollywood, CA: Paramount.
*Legal Aid Society of British Columbia (Producer). (1979). History of the Law [Documentary]. Vancouver,
BC: Legal Aid Society.
Jan 28 & 30
CLASSICAL CRIMINOLOGY
*Williams, Frank P. and Marilyn D. McShane (2010) “The Classical School.” Criminological
Theory. 5th Edition. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall (Pearson). 15-26.
*Mutchnick, Robert J., Randy Martin, W. Timothy Austin (2008) “Cesare Beccaria: 1738-1794.”
Criminological Thought: Pioneers Past and Present. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: PrenticeHall (Pearson). 1-13.
*Beccaria, Cesare (1767) On Crimes and Punishments and Other Writings. Richard Bellamy
(ed.). 1995. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 7-13; 19-21; 24-25; 31; 66-72.
*Bentham, Jeremy (1789) “An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation.”
Reprinted in 2004 in Jacoby, J. E. (ed.). Classics of Criminology. Long Grove, IL: Waveland
Press. 105-108.
Feb 4
FIRST MID-TERM TEST (25%)
Feb 6
NO CLASS
CRIME AND PUNISHMENT JAIL TOURS
Cost:
$11.75 Regular Tour (pay online or onsite) / $9.25 Class Tour
Location:
75 Nicholas St. Ottawa.
Date/Time: 7pm Tour Daily and/or Scheduled Class Tours (TBD)
More info:
http://www.hauntedwalk.com/ottawatours.php
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Feb 11
NEW THEORIES, NEW PRACTICES
*Phillips, David (1980) “„A New Engine of Power and Authority‟: The Institutionalization of
Law-Enforcement in England 1780-1830.” in Gatrell, V.A.C.; B. Lenman; G. Parker (eds.).
Crime and the Law. London: Europa Publishers. 155-189.
*Johnson, Herbert; N. Wolfe (1996) “Freedom and Prisons in the Land of the Free.” In History
of Criminal Justice. Cincinnati: Anderson. 127-146.
Feb 13
REGULATION & RELIGION: COLONIES, CONVENTS & CAPTIVES
*Foster, William Henry (2003) “Introduction: Narratives of Captor and Captive” and “The
Hospital: Paradoxes of the Grey Sisters” The Captors‟ Narrative: Catholic Women and Their
Puritan Men on the Early American Frontier. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. 1-5; 90-106.
Feb 18 & 20
STUDY BREAK – NO CLASSES
Feb 25 & 27
MARXIST THOUGHT
*Marx, Karl (1844) “Class Conflict and Law.” Reprinted in 2004 in Jacoby, J. E. (ed.). Classics
of Criminology. Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press. 124-130.
*Marx, Karl; F. Engels (1981) “Crime and Capitalism.” in Greenberg, David (ed) Crime and
Capitalism. California: Mayfield Publishing. 45-53.
*Curran, Daniel; C. Renzetti (1994) “The Marxist Paradigm.” Excerpt from Theories of Crime.
Needham Heights: Allyn & Bacon. 25-29.
March 4 & 6
BIOLOGICAL EXPLANATIONS & THE RISE OF STATISTICS
*Williams, Frank P. and Marilyn D. McShane (2010) “The Positive School.” Criminological
Theory. 5th Edition. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall (Pearson). 27-45.
*Miller, J. Mitchell, Christopher J. Schreck and Richard Tewksbury (2008) “Biological Theories
of Crime.” Criminological Theory: A Brief Introduction. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. 29-61.
*Lombroso, Cesare (1876) “The Born Criminal.” in Criminal Man. Reprinted by Gina
Lombroso-Ferrero. 1972. Montclair, New Jersey: Patterson Smith Publishing Co. 1-27; 48-49.
*Beirne, Piers (1993) "The Rise of Positivist Criminology: Adolphe Quetelet's Social Mechanics
of Crime." in Inventing Criminology: Essays on the Rise of Homo Criminals. New York:
University of New York.
Video: Are You Good or Evil? and/or Born Bad
Voxant (Firm) Cable News Network. (1996). Born Bad [Documentary]. SI: Cable News Network.
Films Media Group. (2011). Are you good or evil? [Documentary H.264].
March 11
SECOND MID-TERM TEST (35%)
March 13
‘KNOWLEDGE,’ POWER, SLAVERY AND PUNISHMENT
*Moitt, Bernard (2001) “Discipline and Physical Abuse: Slave Women and the Law.” Women
and Slavery in the French Antilles: 1635-1848. Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. 101-124.
*Small, Stephen and James Walvin (1994) “African Resistance to Enslavement.” in Tibbles,
Anthony (ed.). Transatlantic Slavery: Against Human Dignity. London: HMSO. 42-49.
*Hill, Lawrence (2007) “We Glide over the Unburied.” The Book of Negroes. Toronto:
HarperCollins Publishers Ltd. 55-95. [Fiction]
Video: Amistad
Allen, D., Cooper, B., Curtis, B., Deason, P., MacDonald, L., Parkes, W.F., Shriver, T., Spielberg, S., Wilson, C.
(Producers), & Spielberg, S. (Director). (1997). Amistad [Motion Picture]. Universal City, CA: Dreamworks.
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March 18 & 20
INTELLECTUAL & PSYCHIATRIC EXPLANATIONS OF CRIME
*Dugdale, Richard (1877) “The Jukes: A Study in Crime, Pauperism, and Heredity.” Reprinted
in 2004 in Jacoby, J. E. (ed.). Classics of Criminology. Long Grove: Waveland Press. 157-164.
*Goddard, H. H. (1914) “Feeble-mindedness.” Reprinted in 2004 in Jacoby, J. E. (ed.). Classics
of Criminology. Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press. 165-171.
*Healy, William (1915) “The Individual Delinquent.” Reprinted in 2004 in Jacoby, J. E. (ed.).
Classics of Criminology. Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press. 172-179.
*Ackerknecht, E (1968) "Eighteenth Century Psychiatry." and "Pinel, Esquirol and the French
School." and "The Theory of Degeneration." in A Short History of Psychiatry. (translated by Dr.
Sula Wolf) New York: Hafner. 34-53.
*Stephen, Jennifer (1995) “The „Incorrigible,‟ the „Bad,‟and the „Immoral‟: Toronto‟s „Factory
Girls‟ and the Work of the Toronto Psychiatric Clinic.” In Knafla, Louis; S. Binnie (eds). Law,
Society and the State. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 405-439.
Speaker: Richard Voss, Social Worker (MSW, RSW), Mood/Anxiety Team, Mental Health
Outpatient Services at Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO). March 20th at 2:30 p.m.
Video: The Sterilization of Leilani Muir
McCrea, G., Krepakevich, J.Graydon McCrea (Producers), & Whiting, G. (Director). (1996). The
Sterilization of Leilani Muir [Documentary]. Montreal, Canada: National Film Board of Canada.
March 25
PSYCHOLOGICAL EXPLANATIONS OF CRIME
*Miller, J. Mitchell, Christopher J. Schreck and Richard Tewksbury (2008) “Psychological
Theories of Crime” (Chapter 4). Criminological Theory: A Brief Introduction. Boston: Pearson /
Allyn and Bacon. 62-86.
March 27
SOCIOLOGICAL EXPLANATIONS OF CRIME
*Mutchnick, Robert J., Randy Martin, W. Timothy Austin (2008) “David Emile Durkheim:
1858-1917.” Criminological Thought: Pioneers Past and Present. Upper Saddle River, New
Jersey: Prentice-Hall (Pearson). 32-44.
* Pfohl, S.J. (1994) "The Anomie Perspective.” Images of Deviance and Social Control: A
Sociological History. New York: McGraw. 251-261; 274-275.
*Durkheim, Émile (1938) “The Normal and the Pathological.” from The Rules of Sociological
Method. Reprinted in Pontell, Henry N. (ed.). (1999) Social Deviance: Readings in Social
Theory and Research. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. 34-37.
April 3
THEORY, POLITICS AND PRACTICE IN CONTEXT
Video: Punishments
Rancourt, D., Leduc, V., Fournier, M., Morris, G., Productions Coscient Inc., & Films for the Humanities.
(2000). Punishments [Documentary]. Princeton, N.J: Films for the Humanities & Sciences.
April 8
CONCLUSION
*Jeffery, C. (1972) “The Historical Development of Criminology.” (excerpt). in Pioneers of
Criminology. H. Mannheim (ed). New Jersey: Patterson Smith. 458-498.
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Resources for You as a Student
Mentoring Centre - http://www.socialsciences.uottawa.ca/mentor/eng/index.asp
The goal of the Mentoring Centre is to help students with their academic and social
well being during their time at the University of Ottawa. Regardless of where a student
stands academically, or how far along they are in completing their degree, the
mentoring centre is there to help students continue on their path to success.
A student may choose to visit the mentoring centre for very different reasons. Younger
students may wish to talk to their older peers to gain insight into programs and services
offered by the University, while older student may simply want to brush up on study
and time management skills or learn about programs and services for students nearing
the end of their degree.
In all, the Mentoring Centre offers a place for students to talk about concerns and
problems that they might have in any facet of their lives. While students are able to
voice their concerns and problems without fear of judgment, mentors can garner
further insight in issues unique to students and find a more practical solution to better
improve the services that the Faculty of Social Sciences offers, as well as the services
offered by the University of Ottawa.
Academic Writing Help Centre - http://www.sass.uottawa.ca/writing/
At the AWHC you will learn how to identify, correct and ultimately avoid errors in your
writing and become an autonomous writer. In working with our Writing Advisors, you
will be able to acquire the abilities, strategies and writing tools that will enable you to:
Master the written language of your choice
Expand your critical thinking abilities
Develop your argumentation skills
Learn what the expectations are for academic writing
Career Services - http://www.sass.uottawa.ca/careers/
Career Services offers various services and a career development program to enable
you to recognize and enhance the employability skills you need in today's world of
work.
Counselling Service- http://www.sass.uottawa.ca/personal/
There are many reasons to take advantage of the Counselling Service. We offer:
Personal counselling
Career counselling
Study skills counselling
Access Service - http://www.sass.uottawa.ca/access/
The Access Service contributes to the creation of an inclusive environment by
developing strategies and implementing measures that aim to reduce the barriers to
learning for students who have learning disabilities, health, psychiatric or physical
conditions.
Student Resources Centres - http://www.communitylife.uottawa.ca/en/index.php
The Student Resources Centres aim to fulfill all sorts of students needs.
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Beware of Academic Fraud!
Academic fraud is an act committed by a student to distort the marking of
assignments, tests, examinations, and other forms of academic evaluation.
Academic fraud is neither accepted nor tolerated by the University. Anyone
found guilty of academic fraud is liable to severe academic sanctions.
Here are a few examples of academic fraud:
• engaging in any form of plagiarism or cheating;
• presenting falsified research data;
• handing in an assignment that was not authored, in whole or in part,
by the student;
• submitting the same assignment in more than one course, without the
written consent of the professors concerned.
In recent years, the development of the Internet has made it much easier
to identify academic plagiarism. The tools available to your professors
allow them to trace the exact origin of a text on the Web, using just a few
words.
In cases where students are unsure whether they are at fault, it is their
responsibility to consult the University’s Web site at the following address:
http://www.socialsciences.uottawa.ca/eng/writing_tools.asp « Tools for
Writing Papers and Assignments ».
Persons who have committed or attempted to commit (or have been
accomplices to) academic fraud will be penalized. Here are some examples
of the academic sanctions, which can be imposed:
• a grade of « F » for the assignment or course in question;
• an additional program requirement of between 3 and 30 credits;
• suspension or expulsion from the Faculty.
Last session, most of the students found guilty of fraud were given an « F »
for the course and had between three and twelve credits added to their
program requirement.
For more information, refer to:
http://web5.uottawa.ca/mcs-smc/academicintegrity/regulation.php
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