Forging a New Deal
Chapter 16 - Section 1
Directions: For each of the pages, complete the information on the right side of each page. Use your to
complete each card. Asterix (*) by a word is a key vocabulary word and should be given extra attention while
studying.
Card Assembly: Once you have completed each of the sheets, cut out each of the cards. Be sure to cut along
the outside of each card and do not cut up the middle. Fold each card on the middle line and tape to secure.
The New Deal*
Explanation:
The relief, recovery and reform programs of FDR’s
administration that were aimed and combating the
Great Depressions.
No one, including FDR, was sure what the “New
Deal” was going to involve as FDR campaigned, but
the country was ready to find out. He had optimism
and a willingness to experiment - people wanted that.
Exist today? Yes or No
First Hundred
Days*
Bank Holiday
March 5, 1933 &
Emergency
Banking Act
Explanation:
From Inauguration through June of 1933 - FDR
pushed a number of programs through Congress.
They provided relief, created jobs and stimulate the
economy.
Exist today? Yes or No - All Presidents since have
been evaluated on their first 100 Days.
http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/
0,28804,1889908_1889909,00.html
Explanation:
March 5, 1933 - Ordered banks closed for 4 days. Bank Holiday
Congress passed - Emergency Banking Act - March 9
authorized the government to inspect the financial
health of all banks
Wanted to assure people that banks were safe. Found
were and 2/3 reopened by March 15. People put
money back into accounts = banks could start loaning
and stimulate the economy.
Exist today? Yes or No
Glass-Steagall
Banking Act &
FDIC 1933
The Federal
Securities Act &
SEC
May 1933
Explanation:
To increase public confidence in banks - GlassSteagall Banking Act 1933.
Created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
(FDIC) to insure bank deposits up to $5,000 dollars
Exist today? Yes or No
Look for the FDIC sticker at the next bank you visit.
Explanation:
Wanted to correct the problems of the stock market.
Congress passed the Federal Securities Act - May
1933 - required companies to provide info. about
finances if they offered stock. Securities and
Exchange Commission was created to regulate the
stock market. Federal Reserve Board the power to
regulate margin buying for stocks.
Exist today? Yes or No - Ask Martha Stewart.
Federal
Emergency Relief
Administration
(FERA)
May 1933
Public Works
Programs*
Explanation:
FDR’s attempt to help overburdened local relief
agencies.
FERA - job to give funds to local relief
Harry Hopkins (longtime friend of FDR and former
settlement worker) was in charge
HH quote “Give a man a dole (handout), and you
save his body and destroy his spirit. Give him a job
and pay him an assured wage and you save both body
and spirit.”
Exist today? Yes or No
Explanation:
Vocabulary word = government-funded projects to
build public facilities. A number of the New Deal
programs were public works programs.
Exist today? Yes or No
The government still fund and support public works
programs. Still build dams and support business.
Civil Works
Administration
November 1933
Civilian
Conservation
Corps (CCC)*
March 1933
National
Industrial
Recovery Act
(NIRA)
June 1933
National Recovery
Administration
(NRA)
June 1933
Explanation:
Put the unemployed to work building and improving
roads, parks, airports and other facilities. Was a
tremendous morale booster to its 4 million workers.
Exist today? Yes or No
Explanation:
FDR’s favorite program. CCC put more than 2.5
million young, unmarried men to work maintaining
forests, beaches and parks.
Earned $30 a month but lived in camps free of charge
with food, medical and job training. They sent $25
of their money home to their family.
Exist today? Yes or No - Northern woods of PA have
fire trails and fire tires built by the CCC
Explanation:
Big decline in prices & businesses had failed and
unemployment going up. NIRA tried to help prices
and established the NRA
Exist today? Yes or No
Explanation:
Set out to balance the unstable economy with
extensive planning. Made industrial codes to create
fair business practices. Codes about wages, working
conditions, production, and prices - made minimum
wage. Helped unions gain collective bargaining.
Criticism - some codes written by big business so
said were bias against workers. Worked for awhile,
but wages and prices rose and buying slowed.
Exist today? Yes or No - Some of standards still
exist.
Public Works
Administration
Home Owners’
Loan Corporation
(HOLC)
Explanation:
NIRA program and the most visible! Sec. of Interior
Harold Ickes was in charge. Launched projects like
Grande Coulee Dam (Columbia River -Wash) / New
York Triborough Bridge and causeway to Key West.
Exist today? Yes or No
Administration gone, but work is still everywhere.
McKnight Road was worked on and has a marker at
the intersection with Siebert Road.
Explanation:
Many couldn’t pay mortgages. HOLC refinanced
mortgages to make it more manageable - 6/1933 and
6/1936 - 1 million low interest loans.
Exist today? Yes or No
National Housing
Act & FHA
1934
Explanation:
Made by National Housing Act of 1934.
Federal Housing Administration - government-owned
corporation. It was created to improve housing
conditions and standards, insure mortgages and to
stabilize the mortgage market.
Exist today? Yes or No
Agricultural
Adjustment Act
(AAA)*
May 1933
Explanation:
Farmers losing homes and land since farm prices
went down. AAA was set up to raise farm prices by
paying subsidies (government financial assistance) to
farmers who cut production. Lower supply and raise
prices. New tax on farm producers used to pay
subsidies. Some farmers destroyed crops to get $ upset starving people.
Exist today? Yes or No
Tennessee Valley
Authority (TVA)*
May 1933
Explanation:
TVA - very popular. Helped farmers and created jobs
in one of least developed regions of US. Reactivated
a hydroelectric power plant = cheap power, flood
control, and recreation opportunities on Tennessee
River. - Rural Electrification Admi. helped.
Exist today? Yes or No - Dams and power plants still
in use
Francis Perkins
Mary McLeod
Bethune
Eleanor
Roosevelt
Explanation:
FDR appointed her to the Secretary of Labor. First
women to hold a cabinet position. Former
Progressive who headed NY Industrial Commission.
Had job until 1945. Helped create laws for wage
earners and unemployed.
Important as a first for women and helped to advance
the role of women. Several other held New Deal
posts.
Explanation:
FDR hired African Americans in more than 100
policymaking posts. Bethune - former elementary
teacher, college president, and former National
Council of Negro Women. Reputation as very
influential spokesperson for AA concerns.
Appointed director of the Division of Negro Affairs
of the National Youth Administration. Increased
influence. Had unofficial group of leaders that met
called the “black Cabinet”
Explanation:
First Lady & worked to support New Deal. Traveled
widely, since hard for FDR. Reported on conditions
in US. Went to Jim Crow South for Southern
Conference of Human Welfare (1938) and didn’t sit
on the white side. She sat in the middle in protest.
Some were upset with her different role as First Lady.
Gradually people came to respect her political style /
skills, humanity and idealism.
Second New Deal*
Works Progress
Administration
1935
Explanation:
In 1934 FDR and Dems. won big in midterm
election. 1935 FDR launched a new, bolder program.
Many called this the Second New Deal. FDR wanted
to do more for ordinary citizens (complaint) - 2nd
had more social welfare, stricter controls over
business, stronger union support and higher taxes on
rich.
Explanation:
Lasted 8 years and provided more than 8 million
citizens with work. Built and improved tens of
thousands of playgrounds, schools, hospitals and
airfields. Also promoted artists and writers. National
Youth Administration - provided education, jobs,
recreation and counseling for young people 16-25
Exist today? Yes or No
Resettlement
Administration
May 1935
Explanation:
Worked to move farmers who were hit by original
AAA. Many farm workers lost their jobs when big
farms cut back. Migrant workers returned to Mexico.
Southern sharecroppers lost land when landowners
stopped farming land and took subsidies. 1935 Rexford Tugwell (Economist in Dept. of Ag) set up
RA - loaned money to small farms and helped resettle
tenants and sharecroppers. 1937 - Farm Security
Administration replaced RA and loaned $1 Bill to
farmers & set up camps for migrants.
rural
Electrification
Administration
(REA)
1935
Explanation:
By 1930s 90% of urban had electricity. 10% in rural
areas. Free market didn’t encourage companies to
run lines and provide service. FDR felt gov’t should
provide. REA made loans to electric companies and
farm cooperatives to build plants and run lines. In
four years 25% of rural had electricity. In time 98%
of farms had electricity with REA. More electricity
= spending on electric consumer goods = production
and spending.
Exist today? Yes or No - lines and plants still do
National Labor
Relations Act Wagner Act*
Explanation:
Nat. Ind. Recov. Act. helped unions organize and
collective bargain. NIRA = unconstitutional workers wanted a new law to help. Wagner Act National Labor Relations Act - Senator Robert
Wagner pushed. Allowed collective bargaining and
closed shops. Outlawed spying on union activities
and blacklisting. Set up National Labor Relations
Board (NLRB) to enforce. Supreme Court upheld
law and created idea that fed. gov’t could regulate
labor and interstate commerce.
Exist today? Yes or No NLRB - that regulates union
Explanation:
Vocabulary definition - workplaces open only to
union member.
Closed Shops*
Fair labor
Standards Act
1938
Social Security
Act / System*
1935
Election of 1936
Explanation:
Wagner Act - set the tone for federal control over
labor and interstate commerce - eventually created
1938 - Fair Labor Standards Acts banned child labor
and made minimum wages.
Exist today? Yes or No - still no child labor and
minimum wage.
Explanation:
Used to provide financial security in the form of
payments to people. Three types of insurance:
1. Old-age pension and survivors’ benefits workers and employers pay in and retired workers
or their survivors could get $ at the age of 65. Not
for farm or domestic workers at first. Change in
1954.
2. Unemployment insurance - employers (more than
8 workers) paid tax. Gov’t gave $ to those that lost
jobs.
3. Aid for dependent children, the blind and
disabled - fed. gave grants to states to help support
the needy.
Exist today? Yes or No - Some say in jeopardy today
Explanation:
Alfred M. Landon (Kan. Governor) was the
Republican candidate in 1936. Landslide for FDR
won all but Maine and Vermont - 523 -8 in electoral
college.
Showed = Americans supported New Deal - some
were critical.