A Visionary Event Company
COLONIALS WEEKEND 2009
COLONIALS
WEEKEND
EAST COAST INSIGHT
Presents
A Competitive Market Analysis
By:
Lisa d’Almeida
Cassandra Lowe
Allison Rober
Mevalee Spain
Andrea Watson
2
2009
TABLE of CONTENTS
Part A – Competitive Market Analysis
Competitive Market Analysis..........................................................................4
Part B – SWOT Analysis
Coldplay .....................................................................................................7
Cirque du Soleil ...........................................................................................8
Part C – Top Choice
Narrowing Down the Choices........................................................................9
A look at the Competitive Market Analysis ......................................................9
Cirque vs. Coldplay....................................................................................10
And the Winner Is ......................................................................................11
Headlining Act...........................................................................................11
References
References .................................................................................................12
3
COLONIALS
WEEKEND
2009
Part A: Competitive Market Analysis
ENTERTAINERS W/NOTES
VENUE
VENUE SIZE
Shoreline
Amphitheatre,
Mountain View, CA
22,000 capacity;
6,500 fixed seats
Sleep Train
Amphitheatre,
Marysville, CA
VENUE
TYPE
TICKET
PUBLIC/
PRICES+FEES PRIVATE
DATE OF
SHOW
Coldplay
Performed with Amadou & Miriam and
Kitty Daisy & Lewis
Outdoor
Amphitheatre
$35 - $97.50
Public
7/13/2009
Reserved seating for
8,000; additional
10,500 on the lawn
Outdoor
Amphitheatre
$35 - $97.50
Public
7/14/2009
Cricket Wireless
Amphitheatre, Chula
Vista, CA
Reserved seating for
9,000 +; additional
10,000 on lawn
Outdoor
Amphitheatre
$35 - $97.50
Public
7/16/2009
Home Depot Center,
Carson, CA
27,000 capacity
Multi-Purpose
Facility
$35 – $97.50
Public
7/18/2009
Superpages.com
Center, Dallas, TX
20,000 total; 7,500
seats under a canopy,
balance on lawn
Outdoor
Concert
Pavilion
$35 - $97.50
Public
7/21/2009
UCF Arena, Orlando,
FL
5,000 to 10,000
capacity
Arena
$69.10
Public
5/2/2009
Frank Caliendo
Performed with Bill Engvall
Fox Theatre, Atlanta,
GA
4,678 capacity
Auditorium
$80-$250
Public
5/8/2009
Verizon Wireless
Theatre, Houston, TX
Concert 2,815;
Additional reserved
seating 2,400
Theatre
$78-$250
Public
5/30/2009
Paramount Theater,
Austin, TX
1,300 capacity
Theatre
$69-$86
Public
5/31/2009
Hampton Beach
Casino Ballroom,
Hampton, NM
Seated 1,800; General
Admission 2,200
Ballroom
$105-$145
Public
8/27/2009
El Captain
Entertainment
Center, Los Angeles,
CA
1,000 capacity
Theatre
Free
Public
Weds. & Thurs.
Daily Show Studios,
New York City, NY
109 capacity
TV Studio
Free
Public
Unavailable until
03/10/2009
Chevrolet Centre,
Youngstown, OH
End Stage 6,300; 1/2
house 3,800; Center
stage in round 7,000
capacity
Multi-purpose
Arena
$99.30
Public
Freedom Hall,
Louisville, KY
18,749 capacity
Multi-purpose
Facility
$288
USA Mitchell Center,
Mobile, AL
7,354 seats for
Concerts*curtain available for
reduced capacity
configurations
Arena
$100
Jimmy Kimmel
Jimmy Kimmel Live
Stephen Colbert
Colbert Nation
Cirque du SoleilSaltimbanco
5
3/4-3/9, no 3/6
Public
3/11/09-3/15/09
Public
4/2/09-4/5/09
The Sommet Center,
Nashville, TN
20,000 in the Round;
18,500 Proscenium
Stage; 10,000 Halfhouse (masking curtain)
Arena
$92.50/
$67.50/
$37.50;
$74.50
/$54.50 /
$30.50
Public
4/9/09-4/12/09
Public
5/13/2009-5/17/09
Public
Tues/Wed./Thurs.
Leon County Civic
Center, Tallahassee,
FL
13,000 capacity
Multi-purpose
Facility
Ticket Prices:
$102.00/
$75.50/ $43.75
Children’s Ticket
Prices: $82.75
/$62.00/
$35.50
EUE Screen Gems
Studios, New York
City, NY
150 capacity
TV studio
Free
Rachel Ray
Rachael Ray Show
6
COLONIALS
WEEKEND
2009
Part B: SWOT Analysis - Coldplay
Strengths
Weaknesses
Coldplay is a world-renown band, winning three Grammy’s in 2009, making
them easy to market
Coldplay is used to performing at 10,000+ seat arenas and may not want to
perform at Smith Auditorium’s 4,300 seat venue, due to lack of higher revenue
potential
Ticket sales will be able to meet or exceed the break- even point needed for
Colonials Weekend
Coldplay appeals to a wide generation, including Baby Boomers and GenYers, matching event audience target demographics
Ticket prices are reasonably priced
Similarly popular entertainers have played at GWU for Colonials Weekend
and have done well, which may indicate favorable ticket revenues for 2009
The band may be too busy with their world tour to come to GWU for the dates
of Colonials Weekend 2009
Some attendees may not like the group, so families may choose not to attend
It may be too expensive for GWU to host such a famous group in the current
economic climate
It may be too close to the actual date of the event to book Coldplay
Opportunities
Threats
Coldplay does charity work with Amnesty International and other sociallyconscious groups and could work with the GWU School of International Affairs
to promote human rights and other pressing issues during Colonials Weekend
With the current US recession, attendees may not want to spend over $200 in
tickets for a family of three, and decide not to attend at all
Coldplay could do a (“College Fest”) musical tour of Washington DC area
college campuses, in addition to performing at GWU, as a selling point to
come to the school
The band could add on acts such as they are doing on other tour dates, to
attract a wider audience and generate more revenue
The band could market a new tour or new product while at Colonials
Weekend
Other less expensive events in the area may be attractive to frugal parents,
and they may opt to forgo the more expensive Coldplay tickets for the less
expensive events
Coldplay’s agents may not want them to perform for events in addition to the
world tour and other scheduled performances
Due to an unforeseen illness or emergency, the band might not be able to
attend
Issues with transportation to the event could result in Coldplay not arriving in
time to perform
SWOT Analysis – Cirque du Soleil: Saltimbanco
Strengths
Weaknesses
Cirque du Soleil is a world-renown, established act, with stable audience
attendance and ticket sales
Event may seem dated to some students who might prefer to go elsewhere for
entertainment
This family-friendly event assures Baby Boomer parents will feel “safe”
attending it with their children ~ no uncomfortable surprises means the
likelihood of ticket purchases
The Smith Center may not be able to meet the needs of a Cirque du Soleil
performance set-up
Insurance costs for Cirque du Soleil to perform may be too high
The act is easy to market
Cirque du Soleil already has a 2009 tour schedule, possibly meaning no time
to fit into GWU Colonials Weekend
Ticket prices are a reasonable value for dollars spent
Uniqueness of the event has special draw factor
No data available on circus-type events at Colonials Weekend, which may
prove to be too risky fiscally
Opportunities
Threats
Cirque du Soleil performers could work with the GWU School of Arts and
Sciences during the weekend to promote the arts at GWU
With the current US recession, attendees may not want to spend over $300 in
tickets for a family of three, and decide not to attend at all
Cirque du Soleil could do a (“College Fest”) tour of Washington DC area
college campuses, in addition to performing at GWU, as a selling point to
come to the school
Other less expensive events in the area may be attractive to frugal parents,
and they may opt to forgo the more expensive Cirque du Soleil tickets for the
less expensive events
Saltimbanco could pair with one of the other Cirque du Soleil acts to generate
more of a buzz
Cirque du Soleil’s management may not want them to perform for events in
addition to their current tour and other scheduled performances
Cirque du Soleil could market a new tour or new product while at Colonials
Weekend
Competitors may find out that Cirque du Soleil is coming to GWU, and may
purposely book big name entertainers for the same weekend
Due to an unforeseen illness or emergency, the act might not be able to attend
Issues with transportation to the event could result in Cirque du Soleil not
arriving in time to perform
8
COLONIALS
WEEKEND
2009
Part C: Top Choice
Narrowing Down the Choices
Based on past performances at previous Colonials Weekends, numerous acts came to mind when first researching candidates for the event. In recent
years, comedic acts such as Jerry Seinfeld, Whoopi Goldberg, Jon Stewart, and Jay Leno performed, as well as musical acts such as Ray Charles, the
Beach Boys, Patti LaBelle, and the Boston Pops. According to Peter Konwerski, Assistant Vice President for the Student and Academic Support Services at
the George Washington University (GWU), regarding a recent entertainment pick, “GWU sought a national act of the type of caliber our parents,
students, and alumni have appreciated over the past few years” (Romonas, 2006). Factoring in all of this, in addition to our demographic,
psychographic, and other data obtained from the previous part of our report, five strong candidates (with one supplementary act, Rachael Ray), were
selected for Colonials Weekend 2009.
A Look at the Competitive Market Analysis
A competitive market analysis was performed to find out how each entertainment act compared to the other. For the main five, Coldplay was the musical
act, and Jimmy Kimmel, Stephen Colbert, and Frank Caliendo were the comedians. Cirque du Soleil’s Saltimbanco was chosen as the “unique” event.
In the beginning of the research, it was discovered that Jimmy Kimmel and Stephen Colbert do not tour or do stand-up, as past GWU Colonials Weekend
entertainers have. Though Kimmel’s audience is primarily adults 18-49, and his program Jimmy Kimmel Live’s viewership went up 32% and 28% in
adults 18-49 over the same week last year (Seidman, 2009, via ABC press release), booking him for a comedic act would have proved fruitless. In
Colbert’s case, though his audience demographics tend to be 60/40 male-female, and his nightly show attracts 1.3 million viewers, 874,000 being in
the 18-49 demographic range (Green, 2007), getting him to break from his TV show would prove to be difficult as well. With Kimmel and Colbert out of
the question, on the next candidate was Frank Caliendo. Looking at Frank’s statistics, he was a strong contender. As seen in Section A, Frank plays at
venues ranging from 1,300-10,000. According to the Project Background/Tools information for TSTD 279 (Rosen, 2009), The Smith Center seats
approximately 4,300. This would fit the venue size he is more accustomed to. Furthermore, the lower end of his ticket prices are in the $69 to $80
range, making it affordable for families to purchase. He also has other acts with him such as Bill Engvall, another well-known comedian, which could
draw in more of a demographic mix. Further, the premier of his television show Frank TV averaged 2.872 million viewers, with 1.084 million adults
being 18-34, 1.856 million being 18-49, and 1.715 million being in the 25-54 ages groups (TimeWarner, 2007). This would cover the demographics
for the Colonials Weekend audience. However, not everyone is familiar with Frank Caliendo. He is a relatively new face, when compared to
comedians like Seinfeld, Goldberg, Williams, and Leno. Because of his lack of notoriety, and by looking at what Section A showed about the last two
contenders, we were able to narrow the final two choices to Coldplay and Cirque du Soleil.
Looking at Section A, the final two artists command reasonable ticket prices from about $35 to $102. This falls within range of what GWU has charged
for past Colonials Weekend events from 2005-2008, where the ticket prices ranged from a low of $45 with Jon Stewart in 2005 to a high of $150 with
Billy Crystal and Robin Williams (Rosen, 2009). Both play at outdoor amphitheatres, multi-purpose facilities, and arenas that have seating from
anywhere from 3,800 to 27,000, as seen in Section A. Again, this would fall within range for The Smith Center. Audience demographics were
favorable for both artists for the event, as Coldplay.com’s site gets over 97, 930 people per month, all statistics pointing to the target audience. Of these
site visitors, 46% are between 18-34, and 19% are 35-49 year-olds. They are 77 % Caucasian, 10% Hispanic, 54% have/46% do not have kids, 44%
have attended undergraduate college, and 51% are male/49% are female (Quantcast, 2009). Cirque du Soleil’s target audience is for the 35+ crowd,
which relates too GWU student parents (Shumsky, 2007). Because this preliminary information proved to be favorable for Colonials Weekend, we
moved on to performing a SWOT analysis for the two acts.
Cirque vs. Coldplay
How on earth was one supposed to decide between two wonderful acts? The answer: It all lies in the SWOT!
The first act examined was Coldplay, and what they brought to the table. Strengths include being fiercely popular, and recently winning three Grammy
Awards (Chugg Entertainment, 2009). As mentioned in the first part of the report, they cross generational lines by being popular with Generation Y and
Baby Boomers. An opportunity noticed was that Coldplay is active in social issues. According to My.Opera (Lupita23, 2007), Coldplay is active in
Amnesty International and other social causes like fair trade. They also give 10% of all band proceeds to charity. This would provide a great
promotional opportunity for the band and the GWU School of International Affairs and School of Business, since in 2008, 550 of the total Colonials
Weekend attendees came from those two schools (only behind the Columbian College of Arts and Sciences). Considering the turnout Robin Williams
had as the headliner in 2008 was 4,210, chances are that Coldplay could see the same type of results (Rosen, 2009). Further, the band could offer to
reduce ticket prices just for Colonials Weekend, in a gesture of good faith in this recession. General weakness and threats were primarily linked to the
band being too busy on their current tour to come to GWU, to concerns of ticket prices in a recession, to inclement weather.
Cirque du Soleil (Cirque) had many key points as well. Strengths include being a family-friendly event, and having a strong brand name. In fact, the
brand is so strong, that a 2007 article entitled Join the Circus (Tischler), stated that in a 2004 Interbrand poll of brands that have the most global impact,
Cirque ranked #22 in the world. That was ahead of Microsoft, Disney, Volkswagen, and even McDonalds! A great opportunity for Cirque would be to
team up with the Columbian College of Arts and Science, specifically the performing arts area. That school boasted the most attendees of the 2008
Colonials Weekend, with 875 students attending (Rosen, 2009). It would be great way to promote the performing arts at GWU with Cirque as the
headliner! Some weaknesses and threats included Cirque being so busy with jam-packed tour, the insurance and liability issues, and relatively high
ticket prices, when compared to Coldplay.
10
And the winner is…
Both of the artists had positive qualities, but Cirque had too many issues to overcome. The main issues had to do with timing, safety, and cost. In the
Join the Circus article (Tischler, 2007); the author explains some of the issues Cirque faces. Each traveling show can cost almost as much as $25 million
to mount and can take three years for the casting, conceiving, designing, training, and production. Also, actors perform with no nets which would not
fare well for insurance and liability reasons at GWU, and ticket prices are about $90-$100 apiece. Because of these facts, Cirque du Soleil had to be
ruled out. Coldplay is the winner!
Rachael Ray was also picked as a supplementary act, so to speak, due to her popularity and “fit” for the weekend. According to Rachael Ray Magazine
(n.d.), her main audience consists of 87% women, with a median age of 41.5, a median household income of $65,285 per year, with 63% completing
college. Forty-eight percent have children. Further, in the Steady Audience Growth chart (n.d.), it shows her viewership went from 350,000 in Nov.
2005, to 750,000 in Oct. 2006, to 1.5 million in Aug. of 2007, to 1.7 million in Feb. 2008. This popularity, especially with members of our target
audience, would be a sure fiscal winner.
Coldplay, Colonials Weekend 2009 Headlining Act
Worth an estimated £25 million per band member, Coldplay is a force to be reckoned with (Smart, 2008). According to an article entitled Cold mine
(Smart, 2008), Coldplay has completed some great feats. They have scored No. 1 in the both the single and the album charts on both sides of the
Atlantic at the same time. This is in tune with the success of The Beatles. The last person to achieve this was Rod Stewart in 1971 with Maggie May and
Every Picture Tells a Story. It further goes on to say that from humble beginnings 8 years ago, they now can afford £900,000 spherical video screens at
their shows. Their song Viva La Vida hit the most downloaded song online, also with their album pre-order being the biggest in iTunes history. Their #1
song was also the first time a British act did this, since the Spice Girls, 12 years ago. When this article was published in 2008, Coldplay’s music was
number one in 14 countries, including America, Japan, Korea, and Germany, to name a few.
Other statistics about Coldplay have proven to be impressive, as well. A site that tracks visits to certain Facebook sites, reports that Coldplay’s visitors
went from about 1,594,698 on February 7, 2009, to over 1,833788 on March 7, 2009 (Allfacebook, 2009). With such soaring statistics of popularity
which will appeal to the GWU demographics, and with GWU promoting Colonials Weekend for “this most exciting and entertaining weekend” (GWU,
2009), one could not argue that Coldplay is the most solid choice of headliner for Colonials Weekend 2009.
11
References
1iota. (2009). Jimmy Kimmel Live-Studio Audience. Retrieved March 1, 2009, from http://www.1iota.com/events,4090,Jimmy-Kimmel-Live-StudioAudience-.html#rectix
Allfacebook. (n.d.) Page Statistics, Coldplay Description. Retrieved March 8, 2009, from
http://www.allfacebook.com/statistics/pages/coldplay/15253175252/
Bloomquist, S. (2006) Behind the Scenes: The Rachel Ray Show, 6ABC. Retrieved March 7, 2009 from
http://abclocal.go.com/wpvi/story?section=news/entertainment&id=4564866
Casino Ballroom. (2009.) Casino Ballroom Faq. Retrieved March 1, 2009, from http://www.casinoballroom.com/faq.php
Chevrolet Centre Official Website. (2009). Booking Information. Retrieved March 1, 2009, http://www.chevroletcentre.com/booking_info.php
Chevrolet Centre Official Website. (2009). General Information. Retrieved March 1, 2009, from
http://www.chevroletcentre.com/general_information.php
Cinema Treasures. (2009). Paramount Theatre. Retrieved March 1, 2009, from http://cinematreasures.org/theater/207/
Cirque du Soleil Official Website. (2009). Shows and Tickets. Retrieved February 25, 2009, from
http://www.cirquedusoleil.com/showstickets/en/americas/americas.asp
Colbert Nation. (2009). Get Tickets. Retrieved March 3, 2009, from http://www.colbertnation.com/tickets
Coldplay Official Website. (2009). Shows and Concerts. Retrieved February 25, 2009, from http://www.coldplay.com/live.php
Coldplay US Demographics. (2009, Jan.) Quantcast. Retrieved March 2, 2009, from http://www.quantcast.com/coldplay.com
Coldplay wins 3 Grammys! (2009, Feb. 16). Chugg Entertainment. Retrieved March 8, 2009, from
http://www.chuggentertainment.com/news/1856
DB (2007) Better Know A Staffer-Mark Malkoff, Audience Coordinator, No Fact Zone. Retrieved March 7, 2009 from
http://www.nofactzone.net/?p=1009
12
Dogherty, Moren. (n.d.) Editorial Review for Cricket Wireless Amphitheatre. CitySearch. Retrieved February 28, 2009, from
http://sandiego.citysearch.com/profile/11279611/
Frank Caliendo Official Website. (2009). Frank Caleindo's Live Standup Tour Schedule. Retrieved February 25, 2009, from
http://www.frankcaliendo.com/index.php?page=schedule
GoTickets. (2009). Bill Engvall with Frank Caliendo Tickets. Retrieved March 1, 2009, from
http://www.gotickets.com/theater/bill_engvall/atlanta_760569.php
GoTickets. (2009). Cirque du Soleil: Saltimbanco Tickets. Retrieved March 1, 2009, from
http://www.gotickets.com/theater/cirque_du_soleil_saltimbanco/mobile_732898.php
GoTickets. (2009). Coldplay Tickets. Retrieved March 1, 2009, from http://www.gotickets.com/concert/coldplay/dallas_792946.php
GoTickets. (2009). Frank Caliendo Tickets. Retrieved March 1, 2009, from http://www.gotickets.com/theater/frank_caliendo/austin_742693.php
GoTickets. (2009). Frank Caliendo Tickets. Retrieved March 1, 2009, from http://www.gotickets.com/theater/frank_caliendo/hampton_803581.php
GoTickets. (2009). Frank Caliendo Tickets. Retrieved March 1, 2009, from http://www.gotickets.com/theater/frank_caliendo/houston_733795.php
GoTickets. (2009). Rockford Metrocentre Tickets. Retrieved February 28, 2009, from
http://www.gotickets.com/venues/il/rockford_metrocentre.php#ticketListing
GoTickets. (2009). Sleep Train Amphitheatre Tickets. Retrieved February 28, 2009, from
http://www.gotickets.com/venues/ca/sleep_train_amphitheatre.php
Green, J. (2007, Oct. 19). The Colbert notion. The Atlantic Online. Retrieved March 4, 2009, from
http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200710u/colbert-campaign
Home Depot Center. (2009). Soccer Stadium. Retrieved March 1, 2009, from http://www.homedepotcenter.com/venues_soccerinfo.php
LA Sports & Entertainment Commission. (2009). El Captain Theatre. Retrieved March 3, 2009, from http://www.lasec.net/?em4=33_-1__0_~0_1_3_2009_0_0&content=venues
Lupita23. (2007, Mar. 2). Coldplay! My.Opera. Retrieved March 7, 2009, from http://my.opera.com/ilovecoldplay07/blog/
Malloy, Betsy. (n.d.) Shoreline Amphitheatre Summer Concerts. About.com. Retrieved February 28, 2009, from
http://gocalifornia.about.com/od/casivalley/p/shoreline.htm
13
NY Tix. (2009). Rachael Ray Tickets. Retrieved March 3, 2009, from http://www.nytix.com/TVShows/Current/RachaelRay/tickets.html
Pegasusnews. (2009). Superpages.com Center. Retrieved March 1, 2009, from http://www.pegasusnews.com/places/smirnoff-music-centre/
Rachael Ray Magazine. (n.d.) Audience Demographics. Retrieved March 4, 2009, from http://www.rachaelraymag.com/advertise-withus/mediakit/
Rachael Ray Magazine. (n.d.) Steady Audience Growth. Retrieved March 4, 2009, from http://www.rachaelraymag.com/advertise-withus/mediakit/
Rachael Ray Official Website. (2009). Audience Tickets. Retrieved February 28, 2009, from http://www.rachaelrayshow.com/show-info/audiencetickets/
Ramonas, A. (2006, July 25). Web update: GW gears up for Seinfeld. GW Hatchet. Retrieved March 6, 2009, from
http://media.www.gwhatchet.com/media/storage/paper332/news/2006/06/14/News/WebUpdate.Gw.Gears.Up.For.Seinfeld-2134149.shtml
Rosen, L. (2009). TSTD 279 Blackboard/Files/Colonials Weekend 2008 Recap. The George Washington University online. Retrieved March 6, 2009,
from
http://blackboard.gwu.edu/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab_id=_2_1&url=%2fwebapps%2fblackboard%2fexecute%2flaun
cher%3ftype%3dCourse%26id%3d_117448_1%26url%3d
Rosen, L. (2009). TSTD 279 Blackboard/Project Background/Tools. The George Washington University, online. Retrieved March 8, 2009, from
http://blackboard.gwu.edu/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab_id=_2_1&url=%2fwebapps%2fblackboard%2fexecute%2flaun
cher%3ftype%3dCourse%26id%3d_117448_1%26url%3d
Seidman, R. (2009, Jan. 29). Jimmy Kimmel Live ratings via ABC. TV By the Numbers. Retrieved March 4, 2009, from
http://tvbythenumbers.com/2009/01/29/jimmy-kimmel-live-ratings-via-abc/11744
Shumsky, T. (2007, Sept. 28-Oct. 4). Cirque du Soleil carves out a new house at the garden. Chelsea Now. Retrieved March 5, 2009, from
http://chelseanow.com/cn_54/cirquedu.html
Smart, G. (2008, Jun. 25). Cold Mine. The Sun Company UK. Retrieved March 7, 2009, from
http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/showbiz/bizarre/article1336956.ece
Sommet Center Official Website. (2009). Booking and Production. Retrieved February 25, 2009, from http://sommetcenter.com/booking.php
14
Tallahassee-Leon Civic Center. (2009). The Civic Center makes any event special. Retrieved March 1, 2009, from
http://www.tlccc.org/events_html/CIRQUE_SALTIMBANCO_2009.htm
Tallahassee-Leon Civic Center. (2009). Upcoming Events. Retrieved March 1, 2009, from http://www.tlccc.org/events.html
TBS's Frank TV Scores Big Premiere With 2.9 Million Viewers. (2007, Nov. 21). TimeWarner. Retrieved March 2, 2009, from
http://www.timewarner.com/corp/newsroom/pr/0,20812,1687462,00.html
Texas Happy Horn. (2008). How many people does the Verizon Wireless Theatre in Houston Hold? Yahoo Answers. Retrieved March 1, 2009, from
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080722005945AAeaDxi
The George Washington University Office of Parent Services. (2009). Colonials Weekend 2009. Retrieved March 8, 2009, from
http://gwired.gwu.edu/parents/ColonialsWeekend/
TicketCity. (2009). Cirque du Soleil: Saltimbanco Tickets. Retrieved March 1, 2009, http://www.ticketcity.com/theatre-tickets/cirque-du-soleilshows/cirque-du-soleil-saltimbanco-tickets/cirque-du-soleil-saltimbanco-tickets-freedom-hall-march-15-5-00pm.html
TicketCity. (2009). Freedom Hall. Retrieved March 1, 2009, from http://www.ticketcity.com/louisville-tickets/freedom-hall-tickets.html
Ticketmaster. (2009). Bill Engvall & Frank Caliendo. Retrieved February 28, 2009, from
https://www.ticketmaster.com/checkout/order?v=85gyupTdxy1CDt7PRchIGnQmJTYOyXGLRScfFgo_nmIpxc4C_dmX_hDgubIm1Dtkbj4Vj_Qomj
7skWIm1pU65KLvtwyabHg6FjE4YY431BXrEPbvOOD1SVdJRHTYIt252g
Ticketmaster. (2009). Cirque du Soleil: Saltimbanco. Retrieved March 1, 2009, from https://www.ticketmaster.com/checkout/order?v=PaVfl7WuzgpeqUFqAWXKsVRwU79y0CmtPeF66uPH1TdypfFxvyZXlBIAp_l2MPqNwYPmcIlYn63xuhSafLCN4NkSfqjPQYvAfnWrMghOwFCoCv6hlaj
glJETQlEV1zvaA
Ticketmaster. (2009). Coldplay. Retrieved March 1, 2009, from
https://www.ticketmaster.com/checkout/order?v=0Qju6cUwAFd8MyDVyh78Y3d42cLSyowqbes_4R77zmHvrYEbyMNeNYR7crEPBV0d0rl6tejlVvVJsiLBOjhy8H8SY5vuV9MbskPjpN57iu9C796N0m9UmRExH4wVTda6Q
TicketSpot. (2009). Coldplay. Retrieved February 28, 2009, from http://www.ticketspot.com/ResultsTicket.aspx?evtid=1020121&event=Coldplay
Tischler, L. (2007, Dec. 19). Join the circus. Fast Company. Retrieved March 2, 2009, from
http://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/96/cirque-du-soleil.html
UCF Arena Official Site. (2009). Promoter Guides. Retrieved February 28, 2009, from
http://www.ucfarena.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=93&Itemid=112
15
University of South Alabama Mitchell Center. (2009). Seating. Retrieved February 25, 2009, from
http://www.southalabama.edu/mitchellcenter/seating.html
Waymarking. (2009). The Fox Theatre-Atlanta, GA. Retrieved March 1, 2009, from http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM2WR9
Wiztickets. (2009). Coldplay. Retrieved February 28, 2009, from http://www.wiztickets.com/ResultsTicket.aspx?evtid=1009226&event=Coldplay
16