High Tech Greenhouse 2020
Future Greenhouse developments
Jasper den Besten, prof. new cultivation systems, HAS University of Applied Sciences
Content
• Personal introduction and HAS University of applied sciences
• Status quo and future greenhouse developments
• Challenges and conclusion
2
Personal introduction
Jasper den Besten
Prof. New Cultivation Systems
University staff member since 1981
Specialisation:
Greenhouse and
plant factory production
3
Dry hydroponics
4
Saint Paulia under Philips LED and
infrared (as only source of heat)
5
New greenhouse HAS
location ‘s-Hertogenbosch
•
•
•
•
Semi-closed state-of-the-art greenhouse
Hazed glass
Top- and interlighting and hybrid lighting
Cultivation compartments next to multifunctional research
units
• Biology lab with research equipments like photosynthesis
meter (Licor 6400)
6
Impression of our phytotrons
7
Low-tech production without
daylight in a desktope
Production in
a desktope
(only light
management)
is about 55%
of the
production in
a high-tech
plant
production
unit
8
Impression of our phytotron in
Venlo (Blue Innovation Center)
9
Status quo and future greenhouse
developments
10
It’s all about optimizing plant
growth
Temperature
Humidity
Important processes:
-photosynthesis
-respiration
-transpiration
11
http://jrscience.wcp.muohio.edu/climate_projects_05
Ideal situation for light
radiation in climate chamber in µmol/m2.s per hour of the day
hour of the day
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
June
July
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
4
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
5
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
6
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
7
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
8
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
9
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
10
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
11
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
12
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
13
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
14
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
15
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
16
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
17
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
18
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
19
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
20
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
21
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
22
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
160
23
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
24
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
days/month
31
28
31
30
31
30
31
31
30
31
30
31
hrs/day >50 µmol/m2.s
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
620
560
620
600
620
600
620
620
600
620
600
620
hrs/day >488 µmol/m2.s
hrs/day >50 and <488
hrs/month >50 and <488
12
7300
hrs/year
83,3
% hrs/yr
Future ‘greenhouse’ ?
13
http://www.lighting.philips.com/main/application_areas/horticultural/cityfarming/philips-city-farming.wpd
Greenhouse (light) situation 30
years ago
radiation in greenhouse in µmol/m2.s per hour of the day (average of 20 years)
hour of the day
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
June
July
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
30
72
42
6
0
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
48
155
227
161
72
12
0
0
0
7
0
0
36
191
346
412
340
239
113
18
0
0
8
0
30
155
388
561
627
526
442
293
119
18
0
9
36
137
388
573
758
824
699
633
502
269
102
36
10
125
281
478
729
926
973
860
788
657
418
203
125
11
221
400
603
818
1027
1099
950
890
770
514
281
197
12
275
466
657
896
1075
1165
1027
968
824
543
305
239
13
287
478
657
878
1057
1177
1009
979
806
538
293
233
14
245
424
603
836
985
1105
973
926
729
478
227
179
15
155
334
508
723
878
985
878
830
621
358
137
90
16
60
191
370
567
729
848
747
687
448
203
48
24
17
6
66
209
376
543
639
591
496
257
60
6
0
18
0
6
60
197
340
442
514
281
90
6
0
0
19
0
0
0
48
149
239
203
96
6
0
0
0
20
0
0
0
0
24
78
54
12
0
0
0
0
21
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
22
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
23
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
24
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
31
28
31
30
31
30
31
31
30
31
30
31
hrs/day >50 µmol/m2.s
7
9
11
12
14
16
15
14
12
10
7
6
hrs/day >488 µmol/m2.s
0
0
5
8
10
10
11
8
7
3
0
0
days/month
hrs/day >50 and <488
hrs/month >50 and <488
7
9
6
4
4
6
4
6
5
7
217
252
186
120
124
180
124
186
150
217
7
6
210
186
14
2152
hrs/year
24,6
% hrs/yr
Feasible improvements: more and
less light
radiation in greenhouse in µmol/m2.s per hour of the day (average of 20 years)
hour of the day
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
June
July
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
30
72
42
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
48
155
227
161
72
12
0
0
0
0
0
36
191
346
412
340
239
113
18
0
0
6
7
8
Assimilation
light
Assimilation
light
0
30
155
388
561
627
526
442
293
119
18
0
9
36
137
388
573
758
824
699
633
502
269
102
36
10
125
281
478
729
926
973
860
788
657
418
203
125
11
221
400
603
818
1027
1099
950
890
514
281
197
12
275
466
657
896
1075
1165
1027
968
824
543
305
239
13
287
478
657
878
1057
1177
1009
979
806
538
293
233
14
245
424
603
One or more thermal and
shading screens
770
836
985
1105
973
926
729
478
227
179
15
155
334
508
723
878
985
878
830
621
358
137
90
16
60
191
370
567
729
848
747
687
448
203
48
24
17
6
66
209
376
543
639
591
496
257
60
6
0
18
0
6
60
197
340
442
514
281
90
6
0
0
19
0
0
0
48
149
239
203
96
6
0
0
0
20
0
0
0
0
24
78
54
12
0
0
0
0
21
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
22
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
23
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
24
Assimilation
light
Assimilation
light
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
31
28
31
30
31
30
31
31
30
31
30
31
hrs/day >50 µmol/m2.s
7
9
11
12
14
16
15
14
12
10
7
6
hrs/day >488 µmol/m2.s
0
0
5
8
10
10
11
8
7
3
0
0
days/month
hrs/day >50 and <488
hrs/month >50 and <488
7
9
6
4
4
6
4
6
5
7
217
252
186
120
124
180
124
186
150
217
7
6
210
186
15
2152
hrs/year
24,6
% hrs/yr
In addition to light we need to create
similar ‘perfect’ conditions for:
The upper parts of the plant
• Plant temperature via plant temperature measurement and
management instead of via air temperature
• CO2 through CO2 uptake management instead of
management of air CO2 level (CO2 is getting more important
when the input of fossile fuels goes down)
• Humidity management with old (heating and ventilation) plus
new (humification and de-humification) tools
Constant climate makes it possible to plan quantity and quality
(o.a. biocontent)
16
Plant sensing
17
In addition to light we need to create
similar ‘perfect’ conditions for:
The root environment:
• Precision water supply system, or growing on water
18
Radish on Growtec (17 days)
19
Fresh production in g per m2 per day
and in kg per m2 per year on water
Crop
Fresh production Yearly production
in g/m2 per day
in kg/m2
Wheat grass
480
175
Broccoli cress
520
190
Radish cress
558
204
Radish (tuber +
leaves)
525
192
Spinach
462
169
20
In addition to light we need to create
similar ‘perfect’ conditions for:
The root environment:
• Precision water supply system, or growing on water
• Precision fertilizing per element
• Microflora management
• Better controlable environment for a heigher harvest index
21
The challenges:
1. Root (environment) research
22
The challenges:
2. Understanding the effect of single
growth factors
• Research in completely controlled systems, phytotrons
• Possibility to keep all growing factors constant except the one
under research
• Completely repeatable trials, independant of the season
• Posibility to measure for instance CO2 flux
23
Conclusions
• High Tech Greenhouse helped to prepare greenhouse
horticulture for 2020
• Systems integration and German/Dutch approach integration
are good for added-value
• Need for continuation in the field of root research
• Need for research in completely controlled growing systems
24
Questions & discussions
25
Thank you for your attention!
26