NEWSLETTER
OF THE MINERALOGICAL
ASSOCIATION
OF CANADA
NOUVELLES
DE L’ASSOCIATION
MINÉRALOGIQUE
DU CANADA
June 2004
Juin 2004
2004 AWARDS
HAWLEY MEDAL TO
MUNGALL AND BRENAN
ne of the highlights of our
annual meeting, held jointly
with the Geological Association
of Canada in St. Catharines,
from May 12 to 14, was the
presentation of awards at the
Annual Luncheon. About 80
people were in attendance for
this heartwarming event.
The Hawley Medal for best paper
published in The Canadian
Mineralogist in 2003 was presented to Dr. James E. Mungall
and Dr. James M. Brenan, from
the University of Toronto, for
their paper “Experimental
Evidence for the Chalcophile
Behavior of the Halogens”
(Vol. 41, Part 1, pages 207-220).
O
S U M M A R Y
Features
2004 Awards 1
Kaolinite Properties and
Conditions of Formation 12
From the Newsletter Editor 2
Editorial 3
Association News 6
Highlights of Council Meeting
Publication News 10
The paper is based on the
observation that “unusual
abundances of halogen-rich
minerals are found in close spatial association with base-metal
and precious-metal sulfide
mineralization cogenetic with
igneous rocks in several localities worldwide.” Mungall and
Brenan’s investigation of the
partitioning of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine
between coexisting silicate and sulfide liquids
established that chlorine, bromine, and
iodine have significant solubilities in
sulfide liquids but
that fluorine does
not. In associated
experiments on
chlorine in Fe-Cu
sulfide melts, they
found that chlorine substantially lowers the
melting point
of monosulfide
solid-solution,
is moderately
incompatible
in monosulfide solidsolution, and thus is enriched
in the residual melt. These
results led to the conclusions
Members in the News 15
Roger Mitchell
Peter Russell
Obituary 16
Louise Stevenson
Conference News 17
Kimberlite Conference
Ion Microprobe Workshop
Infrared Spectroscopy Short Course
Students’ Pages 19
Letters to the Editor 22
Calendar 23
Outside News 23
This Newsletter constitutes an insert
to The Canadian Mineralogist,
Volume 42, Part 3
James Brenan (left) receiving the Hawley Medal from President
Dan Kontak, on behalf of co-author Jim Mungall (at field school)
72
that “...sulfide
melts are capable of dissolving
and transporting significant
concentrations of halogens in
the absence of an aqueous
fluid” and that “...observed
enrichments in halogens in
some mineralized environments are consistent with ore
deposition by purely magmatic
processes.” These are major
changes in our understanding
and interpretation of basemetal and precious-metal sulfide mineralization.
Although the authors pointed out that this is a reconnaissance study, the preliminary
results lead to implications and
Continued on page 4
NEWSLETTER
OF THE MINERALOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF CANADA
NUMBER 72, JUNE 2004
F R O M
T H E
ne to go! I feel a sense of nostalgia as
I write this note. Only one more
MAC Newsletter; then I will enlarge my
responsibilities to Elements, the new
magazine we will co-publish with several
other societies. This is such an exciting
voyage. You can read about the latest
developments under Publication News.
O
ABOUT MAIL
I received more mail than usual following the last Newsletter. I am always learning in this job. My reviews of two
popular geology books upset a reader.
My apologies if I unintentionally gave
the impression that the Atlantic
Geoscience Society was a Nova Scotia
Society. Two readers wrote to say they
preferred the new Serif font used in the
NOUVELLES
DE L’ASSOCIATION MINÉRALOGIQUE DU CANADA
NUMÉRO 72, JUIN 2004
N E W S L E T T E R
E D I T O R
last Newsletter. And I received comments
about electronic publishing, which you
can read about on page 22.
READ RECENTLY
On Writing – a Memoir of the Craft, by
Stephen King. I enjoyed this book, part
autobiography and part tip-sharing, on
the art of writing. One tip I picked up
and will try to put into practice is “The
adverb is not your friend”. In his
Toolbox chapter, King highly recommends The Elements of Style, by W.
Strunk Jr. and E.B. White, a classic in its
fourth edition, which I promptly
ordered. The story behind this book is
fascinating. Strunk, an English professor
at Cornell University, felt strongly about
bold, clear, and precise writing. He sum-
marized his rules in a small book, which
he self-published and sold to his students. Several years after his death, E.B.
White (of Charlotte’s Web fame), one of
his former students, was asked to update
the book for publication. Now in its
fourth edition, this little book has quite a
following: you can read more than 500
reviews of it on the Amazon.com site,
almost all positive. It is the first grammar
and stylebook I have read from cover to
cover. My only quibble is its size: it is
small and can easily be misplaced, which
I did… I will order a couple more copies,
just to make sure I always have one on
hand.
❖
SPECIAL ISSUE
OF CANADIAN MINERALOGIST
Canadian llCentre canadien
Lightl lde rayonnement
Sourcell synchrotron
S3: Sulfides, Structures and Synchrotron Light –
A symposium in honor of Mike Fleet
In keeping with Mike’s research interests, the special issue will feature papers on such diverse topics as
experimental PGE geochemistry, crystal chemistry/crystallography, and diffraction and synchrotron radiation studies of minerals and melts. Colleagues and former students are encouraged to submit a manuscript.
Submission deadline: August 31, 2004
Submit:
1) Mail 2 paper copies and an electronic version (CD)
Or
2) E-mail an electronic version as a PDF attachment
To one of the following:
Grant Henderson
Geology Department
University of Toronto
22 Russell Street
Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B1
Canada
granth@geology.utoronto.ca
2
Yuanming Pan
Department of Geological Sciences
114 Science Place
University of Saskatchewan
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E2
Canada
yuanming.pan@usask
NEWSLETTER
OF THE MINERALOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF CANADA
NUMBER 72, JUNE 2004
NOUVELLES
DE L’ASSOCIATION MINÉRALOGIQUE DU CANADA
NUMÉRO 72, JUIN 2004
E D I T O R I A L
ELEMENTS AND
KEEPING IN TOUCH
BY PIERRETTE TREMBLAY
s we announced in Newsletter 71, the
MAC Newsletter will be discontinued at the end of this year. At that time,
we will become co-publisher of Elements
– an International Magazine of Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Petrology and will
divert the funds currently devoted to the
Newsletter to the new magazine.
A
When my husband heard about this
proposal, he got rather upset and argued
that this new magazine and the
Newsletter have two entirely different
purposes, the latter to develop a sense of
belonging among our members, whereas
Elements will be a platform to tell the rest
of the world about the exciting things we
do. He is right: we are taking the gamble
MAC Newsletter
Number 72, June 2004
Publisher
Mineralogical Association of Canada
P.O. Box 78087
Meriline Postal Outlet
1460 Merivale Road
Ottawa ON K2E 1B1
Canada
Tel. and fax: 613-226-4651
E-mail:
canmin.mac.ottawa@sympatico.ca
Web:
www.mineralogicalassociation.ca
The Mineralogical Association of
Canada was incorporated in 1955 to
promote and advance the knowledge
of mineralogy and the related disciplines of crystallography, petrology,
geochemistry, and economic geology.
that reaching out will pay off in several
ways. First, by raising the profile of the
mineral sciences in general. For example,
we will make sure that a subscription to
Elements goes to key people in the
NSERC Reallocation Committee.
Second, this is the first large project
on which several mineralogical and geochemical societies have collaborated.
There is a lot more to be gained by collaborating than by competing against
one another. Who knows what this first
common project will lead to!
How then will we keep that sense of
cohesiveness among our members? I, for
one, plan to make greater use of e-mail
communication. I have started to send
e-mails when an issue of The Canadian
Mineralogist is shipped and have included various pieces of news. (If you have
never received such an e-mail message,
Any person engaged or interested in
the fields of mineralogy, crystallography, petrology, geochemistry, and
economic geology can become a
member of the Mineralogical Association of Canada. Membership benefits include six issues a year of The
Canadian Mineralogist, free access to
the electronic version of the Journal,
a 20% discount on publications of the
Association and a discount on the
registration fee at our annual meeting
held jointly with the Geological
Association of Canada.
Membership dues for 2004 are $90.
Membership dues for students and
retired individuals are $30 a year.
Dues are in CDN$ for Canadian memberships and in US$ for memberships
outside Canada.
Institutions and corporations may
subscribe to The Canadian Mineralogist for US$390 a year (outside
Canada) or CDN$390 (in Canada).
Subscription includes site-license
access to the electronic version at no
additional cost to the institution.
Institutions and corporations may
also become a sustaining member of
the Association for $600 a year.
it means that I do not have an
e-mail address for you or that the one I
have is wrong. Please contact me at
pierrette_tremblay@inrs-ete.uquebec.ca)
We will also develop a section on our
web site for announcements so that you
our members will have to make a visit
from time to time. I also plan to include
memos with mailings of the Journal as
the need arises.
Also a lot of our news will find its way
into Elements as we have the equivalent
of two pages per issue. As Managing
Editor of the new magazine, I will also be
seeking conference reports, short-course
announcements, people news, etc.. As
long as MAC members are pro-active, we
will be well represented. We welcome
your thoughts on this topic: please write
us at mac.amc1@sympatico.ca
❖
President: Daniel J. Kontak,
Nova Scotia Department
of Natural Resources, NS
Layout: Info 1000 Mots Inc.
Printer: J.B. Deschamps Inc.
The opinions expressed in this
Newsletter are those of the authors
and do not necessarily reflect the
views of the Mineralogical
Association of Canada.
Past President: Norm M. Halden,
University of Manitoba, MB
Vice-President: Kurt Kyser,
Queen’s University, ON
Secretary: Andy McDonald,
Laurentian University, ON
Treasurer: Mati Raudsepp,
University of British Columbia, BC
The Mineralogical Association of
Canada publishes the Newsletter three
times a year as a service to its members and subscribers.
Send articles for the
Newsletter to the Editor:
Pierrette Tremblay
1260 de la Chaudière
Saint-Rédempteur, QC, G6K 1C5
E-mail: mac.amc1@sympatico.ca
Contributors to this issue:
Alan Anderson, Jeffrey M.
Byrnes, Cara Donnelly, Claire
Fialips, Bruce Jago, Matthieu
Lapointe, Robert F. Martin, Frank
Hawthorne, Jeanne Percival, Eric
Potter, Julie Roberge
Revision: Thomas Clark,
Dolores Durant
3
Deadline for next Newsletter:
September 15, 2004.
ISSN 0076-8936
We acknowledge the financial support of the Government of Canada
through the Publications Assistance
Program (PAP) toward our mailing
costs.
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NEWSLETTER
OF THE MINERALOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF CANADA
NUMBER 72, JUNE 2004
NOUVELLES
DE L’ASSOCIATION MINÉRALOGIQUE DU CANADA
NUMÉRO 72, JUIN 2004
F E A T U R E
tions of synchrotron radiation
X-ray spectroscopy to toxic
species in mine tailings sets new
standards for stewardship of
the environment.
2004 AWARDS (Cont’d from p. 1)
speculations in a number of
areas. The previously observed
elevated ratio of Cl/Br in alteration halos around sulfide ore
bodies in the Sudbury igneous
complex can be explained by
the results in this paper, thus
confirming that high Cl/Br
ratios are a useful exploration
guide. The presence of lawrencite [(Fe,Ni)Cl2] in grains of
Fe-Ni alloy in lunar basalts and
iron-nickel meteorites now can
be explained. The possibility
that halogens may have been
preferentially differentiated into
the core of the early Earth has
implications for dating events
in the formation of the Earth.
The results presented in this
paper will have a profound
impact on research in many
areas of the Earth sciences.
Mungall and Brenan’s findings
on the solubilities of halogens
in sulfide melts are factors that
must be considered in any
research program on sulfides.
YOUNG SCIENTIST
AWARD TO
YUANMING PAN
Yuanming Pan was educated in
Earth sciences at The Wuhan
College of Geology, Beijing,
and the University of Western
Ontario. His Ph.D. and postdoctoral research at Western
centered on mineralogy and
rock-fluid interaction in the
Hemlo gold mining district. In
just a few short years, he
authored and co-authored a
wealth of original and innovative research papers on various
aspects of mineral deposits: on
calc-silicate minerals and hydrothermal alteration, Ba-micas,
Ba-feldspars, vanadium minerals, REE-rich minerals and geochemistry, apatite, rock-fluid
interaction, and geochemistry
Yuanming Pan (left) receiving the Young Scientist Award from
Dan Kontak
and alteration at the Hemlo
gold deposit and the Manitouwadge VMS deposit.
After joining the University
of Saskatchewan in 1993,
Yuanming Pan’s research interests expanded into experimental studies, including the
synthesis and crystal chemistry
of apatite, the partitioning of
Ba and Sr, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and
infrared reflectance (IR) spectroscopy. Pan has pioneered
the application of EPR to the
distribution of trace elements
in fluorapatite, including quantitative, quantum mechanical
spin-hamiltonian analysis of
rare-earth element siting. This
research has opened the door
for the structural investigation
of trace-element problems that
were never before tractable, such
as non-Henry’s law behavior of
REE partitioning. He is also the
first to use EPR and cathodoluminescence in conjunction to
characterize radiation damage
in quartz from uranium orebodies in the Athabasca Basin.
Pan is now an international
expert on mineral-fluid inter4
action in skarns, the geochemistry of phosphates, and the
application of mineral spectroscopy to problems in ore
deposit mineralogy and geochemistry.
Pan has also been a leader in
establishing and/or using
unique analytical facilities. He
is part of the team creating the
first Canadian national EPR
facility. He has received funding for and commissioned an
XRF-microprobe. He has established a short-wave infrared
reflectance (SWIR) spectroscopy
laboratory and has used this
instrument to document the
type of clay alteration proximal
to uranium orebodies in the
Athabasca Basin. His publications on structural investigations of hydrocarbon compounds in the Athabasca and
Witwatersrand Basins using
Fourier transform infrared
(FTIR), EPR, and magic angle
spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) spectroscopy to elucidate the roles
of organic compounds in gold
and uranium deposits are a
first. His research on applica-
Yuanming Pan has produced highly original science
consistently for 14 years and
publishes prodigiously in peerreviewed international journals. Yet his hallmarks are the
range of topics, his multidimensional approach, and the
creativity and originality of his
studies. Furthermore, he is an
eminent teacher of mineralogy,
mineral deposits, and igneous
and metamorphic geology and
is held in esteem by his students. In summary, Yuanming
Pan has made a brilliant start to
what will be an outstanding
research career.
PAST-PRESIDENTS’
MEDAL TO
FREDERICK J. WICKS
Fred Wicks is recognized as
the world’s leading expert on
the serpentine minerals. His
research has focused on this
complex group of minerals
since his Ph.D. work at Oxford
in the late 1960s. This was a
time when new advances in
technology were promising
great advances in our knowledge of the common rockforming minerals, and the
temptation to work on minerals more tractable than serpentine must have been great.
However, the decision to tackle
the crystal chemistry and the
intriguing textural aspects of
the serpentine minerals showed
both insight and courage. Fred
pioneered the use of X-ray
microdiffraction techniques in
mineralogy, applying them to
the study of the textural aspects
of serpentine crystallization in
situ. At the same time, he saw
NEWSLETTER
OF THE MINERALOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF CANADA
NUMBER 72, JUNE 2004
NOUVELLES
DE L’ASSOCIATION MINÉRALOGIQUE DU CANADA
NUMÉRO 72, JUIN 2004
F E A T U R E
is providing baseline mineralogical information and work
in which his expertise in TGAEGA is of particular importance.
Fred also has a significant interest in gemstones and has used a
wide variety of modern mineralogical techniques to study
the Muzo emerald deposits in
Colombia
More recently, Fred has
developed an interest in atomic
force microscopy and, together
with Grant Henderson, has been
one of the few people to develop
Past President Norm Halden (left) presenting the Past-Presidents’
Medal to Fred Wicks
the importance of a complete
understanding of the structure
of these minerals to an adequate interpretation of their
mechanisms of formation,
and undertook a detailed reappraisal of the structural
aspects of the serpentines in
cooperation with Eric Whittaker
at Oxford. The result was a
series of benchmark papers on
the structure and textural paragenesis of the serpentines,
papers that are still widely
quoted today. For this work, he
was awarded the Hawley Medal
twice; this is the only work that
we have doubly honored in this
fashion, a measure of the
impact that it had then, and
still has today.
More recently, Fred has
widened his serpentine interests to include detailed field
studies in several of the classic
areas of serpentine occurrences
in Canada. In this work, he has
explored the petrogenesis of
serpentines and the serpentinization process. Of particular note is his emphasis on the
role of fluids and the particular
signature they leave on serpentinites in tectonically active
areas. It seems that serpentinites are a sensitive recorder
of the fluid regime and may
hold the key to a more detailed
understanding of fluid behavior in tectonic processes than
has hitherto been the case. For
this work on the petrogenesis of
serpentinites, Fred was awarded
the Hawley Medal a third time.
However, Fred’s interests
are not confined to the serpentine minerals. He has been
deeply involved in the development of thermogravimetric and
evolved gas analysis techniques
(TGA-EGA) for minerals. The
mineralogical application of
these techniques has focused on
two areas, the analysis of clay
minerals and the characterization of new minerals. He is generally recognized as the leading
expert in the application of
TGA-EGA analysis to clay minerals, and has recently been
involved in several short courses
and symposia as a lecturer/
keynote speaker in this area.
Fred has also cooperated widely with many other workers in
the detailed characterization of
new minerals, perhaps not
glamorous work, but work that
atomic-resolution imaging of
the surfaces of insulating minerals (e.g, silicates) by AFM.
Through his significant contributions to crystallography,
mineralogy, and petrology,
Fred Wicks has achieved wide
international recognition, as
attested by his being a triple
Hawley Medal winner. He is a
most deserving recipient of the
Past-Presidents’ Medal of the
Mineralogical Association of
Canada.
BERRY MEDAL TO J. DOUGLAS SCOTT
Doug Scott began his career in sulfide mineralogy with Digger
Gorman at the University of Toronto, switched to sulfide synthesis and crystallography under F.G. Smith and Les Nuffield, went
on to a doctorate in sulfide crystallography at Queen’s University
under Len Berry, and finished with a post-doc at Bern, Switzerland
under Werner Nowacki. These studies were followed by a twentyyear career in industrial process mineralogy, much of it as Senior
Staff Scientist for Falconbridge.
Doug became involved with The Canadian Mineralogist index
with volume 18, in 1980. He reports that, in those days, the index
was handwritten on individual file cards, which he sorted and then
had typed at the Geological Survey with the assistance of John
Jambor. Issue after issue, Doug goes through each and every article to pull out entries for the Author and Subject indexes. He is
incredibly thorough and must work efficiently so that the annual
index does not slow down the production of the December issue. ❖
Doug Scott (left) showing off the Berry Medal, with Editor Bob
Martin
5
NEWSLETTER
OF THE MINERALOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF CANADA
NUMBER 72, JUNE 2004
NOUVELLES
DE L’ASSOCIATION MINÉRALOGIQUE DU CANADA
NUMÉRO 72, JUIN 2004
A S S O C I A T I O N
BY PIERRETTE TREMBLAY, COORDINATOR
AC Council met in St. Catharines,
Ontario on May 10-11, prior to our
annual meeting held jointly with the Geological Association of Canada (May 12-14).
Even though e-mail communication allows
Council members to stay in touch throughout the year and to vote on issues, nothing
will ever replace the in-depth discussions
that a face-to-face meeting allows. Council
welcomed Martine Savard and Don Dingwell
as new Councilors, and Kurt Kyser as the
incoming Vice-President. The other new
Councilor, Peter Lightfoot, could not attend
and sent his regrets. Three Councilors
retired from service after several years of
dedicated service, namely Ron Frost, Bruce
Jago, and Jeanne Percival. In addition, Past
President Brian Fryer’s six-year term on
the Executive came to an end. MAC thanks
these four for their contribution.
M
INTRODUCING THE NEW VICEPRESIDENT AND COUNCILORS
Kurt Kyser, incoming Vice-President, is
currently a professor in the Department of
Geological Sciences at Queen’s University
in Kingston, Ontario. He received his Ph.D.
at the University of California (Berkeley) in
1980, under Dr. I.S.E. Carmichael, where
he worked on stable isotope distribution in
mantle xenoliths. Kurt’s research focuses
mainly on the development and application of microanalytical techniques for the
analysis of isotopes and trace elements in
both organic and inorganic Earth materi-
Kurt Kyser (left) getting tips on his new job
from Brian Fryer, outgoing Past President
6
N E W S
als. Most of Kurt’s interests are centered on
the origin, evolution, and timing of fluidrock interactions in the present and
throughout geologic time.
Martine Savard joined the Geological
Survey of Canada in 1990 and applied her
expertise in carbonate petrography and
geochemistry to the study of dolomitization in the context of carbonate-hosted PbZn deposits. In 1997, she became the leader
of large projects dealing with environmental issues. Martine is pursuing her
research on groundwater sustainable development, but recently she has also focused
on climate change issues, paleoclimate
reconstruction, and evaluation of the
impact of atmospheric pollutants on CO2
uptake by exposed forest stands. A graduate of Laval University (B.Sc.A. and M.Sc.),
she received her Ph.D. in 1991 from the
University of Ottawa.
Don Dingwell heads the newly established Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences at the University of
Munich, since 2002. He also occupies the
chair of Mineralogy and Petrology in the
Faculty of Geosciences of the LudwigMaximilians University of Munich. Don’s
major research impact has been in the
experimental investigation of the physics
and chemistry of magmas and melts and
their volcanological, geochemical, and
petrological significance. Born in Corner
Brook, Newfoundland, Don obtained his
B.Sc. (Hons.) in geology/geophysics at the
Memorial University of Newfoundland
and his Ph.D. at the University of Alberta.
Peter Lightfoot is Senior Geologist with
Inco Technical Services Limited. He is
responsible for international nickel sulfide
exploration and technical and scientific
support to the exploration and mining
activities at Sudbury, Thompson, and
Voisey’s Bay. He is an Adjunct Professor
with the Department of Geology, University of Toronto, and the Department of
Geology, Laurentian University. Peter
received his B.A. degree from Oxford
University in 1980, his M.Sc. degree from
the University of Toronto in 1982, and his
Ph.D. from the Open University in 1985.
He is currently Associate Editor of Mineralium Deposita.
Martine Savard catching up on news with
President Dan Kontak
THE PAST YEAR IN REVIEW
In his opening remarks, incoming President
Dan Kontak reflected on the highlights of
the past year. Vancouver 2003 was a very
successful meeting, as evidenced by the
summaries of several special sessions and
symposia published in MAC Newsletters
70 and 71 and by feedback from participants. The two short courses sponsored by
MAC – Environmental Aspects of Mine
Wastes and Fluid Inclusions – were well
attended and the short-course volumes
have been popular. The first reviews are
now out and are positive. MAC sponsored
a Berry Summer School at the University of
British Columbia on silicate melts. Kelly
Russell convened the school and Don
Dingwell was the lead instructor. A third
Berry School will be held at the end of
August at the University of Ottawa on
Archean volcanology (see page 21). The
Canadian Mineralogist had another great
year under the editorship of Robert
Martin. Several exciting publications are in
the works. MAC is also privileged to have
in its ranks very dedicated volunteers who
have provided a vision and made the right
decisions to ensure a bright future for
MAC. Again this year, we sponsored several special sessions and one symposium at
our annual meeting, and this renewed
focus on the science is paying off.
MAC’S 50TH BIRTHDAY
MAC will celebrate its 50th birthday at the
Halifax meeting next year. Several events
will commemorate this milestone. The
MAC Council extends a warm invitation to
NEWSLETTER
OF THE MINERALOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF CANADA
NUMBER 72, JUNE 2004
NOUVELLES
DE L’ASSOCIATION MINÉRALOGIQUE DU CANADA
NUMÉRO 72, JUIN 2004
A S S O C I A T I O N
all to come and celebrate with us (see p. 9).
Most importantly, MAC invites those with
ideas to submit them as soon as possible.
FINANCES
From a financial point of view, MAC continues to be healthy. We ended 2004 with a
small surplus of $8000. The strong
Canadian dollar was in large part responsible for the diminished surplus compared to
previous years. Finance Chair Iain Samson
presented a balanced budget for 2004.
Council discussed at length the feasibility of changing MAC’s pricing structure to
a Canadian dollar-based model – that is, all
our prices would be in Canadian dollars.
But after considering the ramifications of
this potential change, Council came to the
conclusion that it would not be wise, and
that it would complicate dealings with our
members and customers.
The business office reported a busy year.
A new database has been developed, which
makes reporting and invoicing much easier.
Council voted a modest increase in individual membership fees for the first time
since 1999, from $90 to $100 a year.
Institutional memberships will increase
from $390 to $425. These increases will
allow us to create a buffer zone to protect
our income from the fluctuations of the
Canadian dollar. Council also voted to separate membership fees from subscription
to the Journal. Here is the new fee structure
for 2005.
Libraries
Ordinary Student Retired and cormembers members members porations
Membership
fee
$50
$10
$40
Electronic
access
$30
$10
$10
Paper version
and electronic
access
$50
$50
$50
$425
UPCOMING SHORT COURSES
Council approved Jeanne Percival and
Michael Parson’s proposal and budget for a
short course entitled Mercury: Sources,
Measurement, Cycles, and Effects, which will
be held prior to the Halifax meeting.
N E W S
A few months ago, Council also
approved a short course on PGE exploration, to be organized by Jim Mungall.
This short course will be part of the 10th
International PGE Conference in Oulu,
Finland. This will be our first short course
held outside of Canada.
GEOSCIENCE WORLD AND
THE CANADIAN MINERALOGIST
The biggest item on Council’s agenda was
MAC’s possible participation in GeoScience
World, an online aggregate of journals in the
Earth sciences, spearheaded by the Geological Society of America, the Mineralogical
Society of America, the American Association of Petroleum Geologists, the Geological
Society of London, the Society of Exploration
Geophysicists, the Society for Sedimentary
Geologists, and the American Geological
Institute. Each of these societies has committed to include its journals in the online
aggregate for three years. MAC received the
detailed prospectus in the middle of April.
To be part of the Millennium Collection, to
be launched in 2005, we would have had to
sign a licensing agreement for a minimum
of three years by June 20.
After three years, the penetration rate of
GeoScience World in American universities
is expected to be 25%; this represents
roughly the number of American universities currently subscribing to our journal.
The libraries that subscribe to our journal
are those most likely to subscribe to
GeoScience World. In the event that a large
proportion of them dropped their paper
subscription, MAC could find itself in a
position in which it could no longer produce The Canadian Mineralogist. The
potential income derived from the aggregate would not compensate for the loss of
income from the sale of subscriptions.
Looking at the make-up of the aggregate, Council felt that our journal was
perhaps the most vulnerable. The vote
reflected the uncertainty, as everyone realized that GSW will be a powerful research
tool. Council therefore decided on a waitand-see attitude. We will not join GSW in
2005 but will re-examine the issue at the
next Council meeting. We should have a
lot more answers by then.
ELEMENTS
Everyone is excited about MAC’s involvement in Elements – the new magazine we
will co-publish with the Mineralogical
Society of America, the Mineralogical
Society of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Geochemical Society, and the Clay
Minerals Society. Council expressed the
wish that every effort be made to develop a
strong institutional subscriber base, as this
is seen as key to reaching out to other disciplines. You can read about the latest
developments concerning Elements on
page 11.
GRANTS AND SCHOLARSHIPS
The MAC Foundation now holds in excess
of $380,000, after the transfer of $105,000,
as approved last year by MAC Council. The
fund can generate close to $15,000 in interest income, given that we must invest in
very safe vehicles generating a guaranteed
income. The MAC Foundation will continue to disburse $10,000 annually for its
Foundation Scholarship and will award the
remaining income as grants-in-aid for students. MAC awarded its first travel grants
in April. At this year’s meeting, Council
moved to increase the maximum amount
of the grants from $1000 to $1200 and to
expand the guidelines to include research
activities. The deadline to apply for 2005
travel and research grants is January 15. In
2005, MAC will add some money to that
generated by the Foundation in order to
provide $8000 towards travel and research
grants. Also a $1200 grant has been set
aside for students applying to attend the
International Clay Conference in Japan.
Watch the MAC web site for more details.
ST. CATHARINES 2004
MAC sponsored several special sessions
and one symposium at the St. Catharines
2004 meeting. We will report on these in
the next Newsletter. Our warmest thanks
to the dedicated members of the Local
Organizing Committee, who logged countless hours to make sure the meeting ran
smoothly. The meeting was held on the
beautiful Brock University campus and the
weather was gorgeous. In spite of the fact
that the number of potential attendees
Continued on page 10
7
NEWSLETTER
OF THE MINERALOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF CANADA
NUMBER 72, JUNE 2004
NOUVELLES
DE L’ASSOCIATION MINÉRALOGIQUE DU CANADA
NUMÉRO 72, JUIN 2004
MERCURY: SOURCES, MEASUREMENTS,
CYCLES, AND EFFECTS
Mineralogical Association of Canada
SHORT COURSE
May 14-15, 2005
Immediately before Halifax 2005
An invitation from the
Mineralogical Association of Canada
Come and celebrate the 50th anniversary of the
Mineralogical Association of Canada at Halifax
2005, May 15–18, 2005.
Some of the highlights:
❖ A two-day symposium, convened by
Frank Hawthorne, will feature invited
contributions from leaders in the mineral
sciences in Canada and beyond. The
invited papers will be published in a special issue of The Canadian Mineralogist
and will be distributed to all registrants.
❖ A plenary talk will be given by Ian Parsons,
President of the International
Mineralogical Association.
❖ The outreach program will include a public
lecture at a local museum by André
Lalonde on Minerals in Everyday Life.
❖ A birthday party will feature cake and a
visual presentation of the highlights of
MAC’s history.
Former MAC Councilors and Members of
Executive:
Come and see what you have helped build
by donating your time so generously to the
Association. You are invited to the MAC
luncheon.
We are looking for anecdotes and pictures of
former Councilors and events.
Please contact Pierrette Tremblay at
Pierrette_tremblay@inrs-ete.uquebec.ca
Co-organizers: Michael B. Parsons and
Jeanne B. Percival, Natural Resources Canada
Mercury and mercury compounds are of significant
human and environmental health concern because of
their toxicity and ability to accumulate in fish and
wildlife. Levels of mercury in the environment have
risen considerably since the onset of industrialization,
and studies have shown that even remote locations
such as the Canadian Arctic have been adversely
affected by the long-range atmospheric transport of
mercury. Many countries now restrict mercury usage
in various products and processes, and have passed
regulations to limit emissions from anthropogenic
sources such as coal-fired power plants, metal mines,
and landfills. The release, cycling, and impacts of
mercury in the environment have been studied
extensively; however, mercury behaviour is very
complex and there are many important questions left
unanswered.
This short course will discuss the current
state of knowledge regarding:
(1) natural and anthropogenic sources of mercury;
(2) sampling protocols and analytical methods;
(3) transport and transformation of mercury in the
environment; and
(4) effects on ecosystems and human health.
Most of the course material will be presented at a
level suitable for senior undergraduate and graduate
students and should appeal to all scientists interested
in environmental issues. A special session on Mercury
in the Environment will complement the short course.
For more information, please contact
Michael Parsons at Michael.Parsons@NRCan.gc.ca
Or visit the MAC web site
www.mineralogicalassociation.ca
9
NEWSLETTER
OF THE MINERALOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF CANADA
NUMBER 72, JUNE 2004
NOUVELLES
DE L’ASSOCIATION MINÉRALOGIQUE DU CANADA
NUMÉRO 72, JUIN 2004
P U B L I C A T I O N S
n the publications front, several special
publications are in the works, and you
can expect a steady flow of them. Minerals
Discovered in Greenland, by Ole Petersen
and Ole Johnsen, is in final stage of correction and is expected to be out in the fall.
Atlas of Minerals in Thin Section, coordinated by Joan Carles Melgarejo, and Atlas
of Migmatites, by Edward Sawyer, are also
progressing nicely.
O
N E W S
St. Catharines meeting, thanks to our publisher J.B. Deschamps going out of its way
to shorten the delay at the press, and of
course to contributors and organizers.
Short-course editor Rob Raeside put in
long hours editing the manuscripts as they
were received.
the documentation is excellent. It is a very
worthwhile companion to the other five
volumes in the series and deserves a place
on the shelves of anyone interested in mineralogy and gemology, generally, not just
that of Canada.”
Q. Wight, The Canadian Gemologist,
Spring 2003, p. 28-29.
“Horvath presents an encyclopedic
account of Canadian minerals, with emphasis on information of interest both to the
scientific and amateur communities. The
book consists of three main parts focusing
on the 206 minerals discovered in Canada,
the 30 minerals discovered elsewhere but
named after Canadians, and a compilation
of defunct minerals first described from
Canada… The unique combination of useful data and historical context make this
book a must-have for those interested in
Canadian minerals... Details of type localities and the disposition of type specimens
are invaluable”.
Several exciting thematic issues of The
Canadian Mineralogist are in various stages
of development. In the October issue, we
will publish the proceedings of the
PACROFI Conference on Fluid Inclusions,
held during the summer of 2002. Then, an
issue honoring Dugald Carmichael and
devoted entirely to metamorphic petrology
will follow in short order. Collections of
papers on environmental mineralogy and
gem materials are also in preparation.
Our new short-course volume on
infrared spectroscopy was available at the
P.C. Burns, Geoscience Canada,
vol. 30(2), June 2003, 77-78.
Mineral Species Discovered in
Canada, and Species Named after
Canadians – one Year Later
Several reviews of Mineral Species Discovered in Canada have now been published.
Here are some excerpts, but several full
reviews have been posted on our web site:
“This book is a major work of scholarship with respect to Canada and its minerals. It deserves even more respect when one
considers that the author is Hungarian
born and his wife, Swiss born. They chose
Canada for themselves. The material is
treated accurately and exhaustively, and
ASSOCIATION NEWS (Cont’d from p. 7)
within driving distance was large and
that special attention had been paid to
the technical program, the number of
registrants was disappointing. In fact
several regular attendees chose instead
to attend the American Geophysical
Union meeting held in Montreal the following week. On one hand, there are
10
more and more meetings to attend and,
on the other, potential participants
often have less money and time to
attend meetings, and therefore pick and
choose carefully. How in this context
can our annual meetings stay relevant
and attractive to the Canadian geoscience community? Your views on this
❖
topic are welcome.
“Of particular interest to me was the
initial chapter on the history of Canadian
mineral finds going as far back as Jacques
Cartier’s collecting of quartz crystals which
he thought were diamonds. This information is scattered in the literature and it is
useful to have it in one binding.”
Bob Jones, Rocks and Gems.
« ...l’impressionnant travail de collecte
de données, la clarté de la présentation
pour chaque espèce, l’ingénieuse imagination des appendices proposés en fin d’ouvrage, le supplément «chronologie des
découvertes », .. font de ce livre une véritable mine. »
J.-C. Goujon, Le Règne minéral,
Mai-juin 2003, 51, 41.
“Mineral Species is an informative, useful book that has been carefully prepared.
It clearly represents a major effort to accumulate widely dispersed data and photographic documentation. Well edited and
produced, it is certainly worth the price.”
R. Cook, Rocks & Minerals, ❖
Sept.-Oct. 2003, 353. ❖
NEWSLETTER
OF THE MINERALOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF CANADA
NUMBER 72, JUNE 2004
NOUVELLES
DE L’ASSOCIATION MINÉRALOGIQUE DU CANADA
NUMÉRO 72, JUIN 2004
P U B L I C A T I O N S
ELEMENTS – AN INTERNATIONAL
MAGAZINE OF MINERALOGY,
GEOCHEMISTRY, AND PETROLOGY
BY PIERRETTE TREMBLAY, MANAGING EDITOR
The editors Rod Ewing, Mike Hochella,
Ian Parsons, and I met for the first time in
Ann Arbor, Michigan, on April 22 and 23.
This was an exciting meeting where several
important decisions were made. We now
have settled on a name, have formed an
advisory board, have a line-up of themes
for the first year of publication, and have
drawn up guidelines for guest editors and
authors. We have also developed terms of
reference and a mission statement.
What’s in a Name?
Choosing a name for the magazine was certainly the hardest decision we had to make.
If we had had a lot of time and money, we
could have held focus groups, hired marketing experts, etc. But we had neither.
However, we consulted as widely as possible. We solicited name ideas from members of the participating societies. These
were collected in a master file along with
the justifications given. We received about
35 proposals. I then circulated this list of
names to the members of the Executive
N E W S
Committee and suggested they might want
to forward it to members of their respective
council. I asked that they choose their top
five favorites. I also sent the list to a few
members of each society. I was hoping that
from 7 to 10 names would be favored, and
indeed we ended up with 10 finalists:
Elements, Geomaterials, Interface, International Magazine of Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Petrology (IMMGG), Mineral
Matters, MGP News, Solidus, Sphere, and
Triple Point.
the name becomes very important and
therefore the more general the name the
better.”
The list of finalists was circulated to the
Executive Committee, to a sampling of students in the geosciences, to a few advertisers and publishers, and to members of the
Association of Earth Science Editors for
feedback. At the beginning of the meeting,
the editors discussed the ten finalists and,
in light of the comments received, felt
comfortable dropping seven of them. We
were left with Triple Point, Elements, and
Sphere. At the end of the day, after having
considered our target audience and our
wish to reach out to the other fields of science, we chose Elements.
We want to thank everyone who has
provided input on names. You can rest
assured that every comment and suggestion we received was carefully read and
considered.
One fact that came into play was that
none of the students we consulted chose
Triple Point. The majority of students were
attracted to short names like Sphere,
Elements, and Solidus. So were advertisers
and publishers. The following comment
received from Ph.D. student Daniel
Layton-Matthews provided a compelling
argument.
“..A single name would be better than a
long series of words. At a quick glance, I
personally like Elements or Solidus. I like
the idea of Elements as a name because it is
very broad and allows flexibility for the
magazine’s content. Yes, this does sound
like a “pure science” name invoking
thoughts of chemistry rather than Earth
sciences, but I actually like that idea. If one
of the aims of this magazine is to attract
students and researchers alike to the study
of mineralogy, geochemistry and petrology, then why not have a name broad
enough to attract a wide diversity of readers. For the avid and long standing members of the societies, the name is just
semantics, as they will read the magazine
regardless of the name. But for those new
to the societies or outside of the societies,
Elements also had acceptability in all
societies, whereas other names were clear
favorites in one society and were not even
considered by others. It is also a word
that is very similar in several languages
(Elements in German, éléments in French,
elementi in Italian, etc.). Also, the two
most influential science journals have
broad short names: Nature and Science.
Advisory Board
We asked each of the participating societies
to provide nominations for the Advisory
Board. From these, we chose ten names
and added another seven to broaden the
geographic and science coverage. Members
of the Advisory Board will identify topics
and Guest Editors for the thematic issues.
They will be consulted by the Principal
Editors as need arises and Guest Editors
will be encouraged to consider them as
potential reviewers.
At the time of writing, the following
persons have accepted our invitation to be
part of the Advisory Board for either a twoor three-year term: Peter Burns, University
of Notre Dame, U.S.A.; Randall T. Cygan,
Sandia National Laboratories, U.S.A.;
Roberto Compagnoni, Università degli
studi di Torino, Italy; Adrian Finch,
University of St. Andrews, UK; Monica
Grady, National History Museum, UK;
Alain Manceau, Université J. Fourier,
France; Dougal McCarty, Chevron Texaco,
U.S.A.; Klaus Mezger, Universitaet
Muenster, Germany; Jim Mungall,
University of Toronto, Canada; Takashi
Murakami, University of Tokyo, Japan;
Nancy Ross, Virginia Tech, U.S.A.; Everett
Shock, Arizona State University, U.S.A.;
Neil Sturchio, University of Illinois at
Chicago, U.S.A.; John W. Valley, University
of Wisconsin-Madison, U.S.A.; and David
Vaughan, University of Manchester, UK.
We welcome them all and look forward to
working with them.
11
NEWSLETTER
OF THE MINERALOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF CANADA
NUMBER 71, DECEMBER 2003
NOUVELLES
DE L’ASSOCIATION MINÉRALOGIQUE DU CANADA
NUMÉRO 71, DÉCEMBRE 2003
F E A T U R E
KAOLINITE PROPERTIES AND
CONDITIONS OF FORMATION
OR TRANSFORMATION
BY CLAIRE I. FIALIPS
EES-6, MS-D469,
Los Alamos National Laboratory,
Los Alamos, NM, 87545. Fialips@lanl.gov
lay minerals, along with oxides and
C
oxy-hydroxides, are the most common
reactive minerals under surface and subsurface conditions. The crystal-chemical
and surface properties of clay minerals and
their interactions with fluids play a crucial
role in determining the major physical and
chemical properties of hydrothermal,
weathering, and sedimentary deposits.
Natural, synthetic, and modified clays are
used extensively in industry and have also
proved to be efficient tools for controlling
or mitigating environmental contamination. The mineralogical and physicalchemical properties of clayey materials are
determined by the geological conditions
under which they formed or transformed.
The mineralogical and crystal-chemical
study of clay minerals, either from an
experimental approach or from the investigation of natural systems, allows us to better understand past and present geochemical processes occurring on continental
surfaces, can contribute to the control or
remediation of natural or anthropic pollutions, and can promote and/or improve
industrial exploitation of clay deposits. In
particular, there is still much to learn about
the origin and variability of the chemical,
structural, and surface properties of clays,
particularly through the use of increasingly
powerful analytical techniques.
Kaolinite is one of the most common
clay minerals on Earth. It is an important
industrial mineral and geological indicator.
Well-constrained laboratory experiments
were conducted to ascertain the relationship between kaolinite properties and
physical-chemical conditions of formation
and to evaluate the response of kaolinites
to short- or long-term changes in environmental conditions (fluids chemistry, pH,
Eh, temperature, etc.).
Effect of pH on kaolinite
defect density
Among all investigated parameters, pH is
the predominant factor affecting nucle12
ation, crystal growth, crystal chemistry,
and morphology of purely aluminous
kaolinites. In particular, the pH of kaolinite formation (pHF) from an amorphous or
partly crystallized alumino-silicate material controls the kaolinite defect density. The
R2 index of kaolinite defect density (Liétard
1977), which is determined from the inten–
sities of the (131) and (131) X-ray diffraction peaks, clearly decreases with increase
in pHF (Figure 1; Fialips et al. 2000). R2 is
sensitive to all kaolinite defects except
those of rotation (±/3) or translation
(±b/3) (Liétard 1977, Cases et al. 1982). An
R2 decrease indicates an increase of the
monoclinic character of kaolinite due to an
increase of octahedral vacancy in C-sites
among kaolinite layers along with octahedral vacancy in the B-sites (Bailey 1980).
°2 Cu k
Figure 1: X-ray powder diffraction patterns
of four kaolinites synthesized from the
same starting gel material at 220°C, under
saturation water-vapor pressure (23.2 bar),
for 21 days, at various pHs of formation
(pHF). Diffraction data are shown only for
the range of determination of the R2 index
of defect density (Liétard 1977).
Effect of run time on kaolinite
defect density
Regardless of pHF, an increase of synthesis
duration was found to improve kaolinite
crystallinity, defect density, and coherent
thickness along the c*-axis. However, the
kaolinite defect density “stabilizes” progressively to a degree of order directly
dependent on pHF (Figure 2; Fialips et
al. 1999).
R2
Figure 2: Evolution of the R2 index of defect
density with the increase of run time for
kaolinites synthesized from a mediumcrystallinity kaolinite (composed of 50%
kaolinite + amorphous alumino-silicate gel)
at 220°C and 23.2 bar at pH = 1 and pH = 5.
Effect of pH on kaolinite
morphology and crystal growth
Morphological observations of synthetic
kaolinites by transmission electron
microscopy (TEM) have also demonstrated
that pHF affects the particle size and morphology of kaolinite (Fialips et al. 2000).
Kaolinites synthesized from the same starting material, under the same temperature
and water-vapor pressure but under different pH, present not only different defect
densities but also considerably different
morphologies (Figure 3). For very acidic
pH (pHF ~ 1), low-defect kaolinites formed
as hexagonal or nearly hexagonal particles
up to 1.5 m in diameter. For pHF ~ 5–6,
the defect density is higher and the kaolinite particles are generally smaller (0.2 to
0.7 m in diameter) and mostly anisotropic in shape. For pHF ~ 7, kaolinites form
with high defect density and consist of
elongated particles emanating from
rose-shaped aggregates. For higher pH
(pHF ~ 8–9), individual lath-shaped particles are formed up to 2.5 0.25 mm in
size, and the kaolinite defect density is very
high. These differences in kaolinite properties appear related to pH-induced differences in surface speciation during crystal
growth (Fialips et al. 2000). Under acidic
conditions, the dominant surface species of
kaolinite are Si-OH and [Al(OH)2]+. The
proportions of these two surface species
decrease with increasing pH at the expense
of [Si-O]- and Al-OH species (Devidal et al.
1992, Xie and Walther 1992). Therefore,
NEWSLETTER
OF THE MINERALOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF CANADA
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NOUVELLES
DE L’ASSOCIATION MINÉRALOGIQUE DU CANADA
NUMÉRO 72, JUIN 2004
F E A T U R E
size and shape (Figure 4). The transformation occurs by dissolution (at least partial)
and recrystallization and is rapid under
hydrothermal conditions. For instance, the
time necessary for 50% conversion () of
synthetic medium-crystallinity and medium-defect kaolinites is 9 to 11 days at
200°C and 7 to 9 days at 240°C (data not
shown). The value at 25°C for similar
kaolinites estimated using the relation
log = a (1/T) + b,
Figure 3: Transmission electron micrographs of the starting material (a mediumcrystallinity kaolinite) and kaolinites synthesized at 240°C for various pHF values. The
scale bars represent 0.4 m.
during kaolinite formation, increasing pHF
increases the amount of cations (e.g. Na+)
adsorbed on the lateral surfaces of the
growing particles. This is confirmed by the
linear increase of the cation exchange
capacity of synthetic kaolinites with
increase in pHF (Fialips et al. 2000). The
adsorption of cations from the fluids on
specific faces during crystal growth of
kaolinite favors anisotropic growth and
also generates random defects.
example, a synthetic kaolinite of medium
crystallinity (composed of 50% kaolinite +
amorphous alumino-silicate gel) and
medium defect density (Hinckley index
HI = 0.9; Hinckley 1963, Plançon et al.
1988) formed of small pseudo-hexagonal
plates can be transformed to more than
70% of very high defect density kaolinite
(HI < 0.6) with totally different particle
Crystal-chemical signature and
variability of kaolinite properties
The observations of a close relationship
between pHF, defect density, and morphology of kaolinite suggest that, within some
natural systems, morphology and defect
density in kaolinites may be used as signatures of pH conditions during formation.
However, another very important experimental result indicates that kaolinite properties are never totally fixed (Fialips 1999).
An initial kaolinite can be transformed to a
different kaolinite, having a lower or higher defect density, when the pH of the fluids
it is in contact with changes for a sufficiently long time. Once again, decreasing
pH favors the formation of lower-defect
kaolinite while higher pH generates the
formation of higher-defect kaolinite. For
°2 Cu k
Figure 4: X-ray diffraction patterns for the
initial kaolinite sample and for a kaolinite
sample synthesized at 220°C, at pHF = 9, in
21 days. Diffraction data are shown for the
range required to determine the HI index of
defect density (Hinckley 1963).
ranges from 800 to 350,000 years (with a
and b in the ranges 55 to 130 and 0.3 to 0.7,
respectively). However, within natural systems is expected to depend not only on
the crystallinity and texture of the starting
material but also on other physical, chemical, and environmental parameters, such as
porosity, solid/fluid ratio, pH, etc., and
could thus be much larger than currently
estimated. Nevertheless, this does not eliminate the possibility that, within some open
natural systems, the crystal-chemistry and
texture of kaolinite could have been inherited from the last stationary regime and
percolating fluids.
Applications
We have established a close relationship
between kaolinite crystal-chemical and
morphological properties and the physicalchemical conditions of the clay’s formation
or last transformation. Therefore, studying
the crystal-chemical and morphological
properties of natural kaolinites will allow,
in some cases, an evaluation of the paleoconditions of clay formation. Other
authors have already concluded that defect
centers and paramagnetic impurities of
iron-bearing kaolinites are signatures of
kaolin origin (e.g. Muller et al. 1995).
However, we have also demonstrated that
kaolinite can re-equilibrate relatively rapidly when subjected to changes in physicalchemical conditions (especially changes in
pH) for a sufficiently long time. Consequently, within some open systems, the
crystal-chemical and morphological properties of kaolinites may inform us of the
last stationary physical-chemical conditions, or the kaolinite could still be evolving. In any case, a thorough investigation
of the crystal-chemical and morphological
13
NEWSLETTER
OF THE MINERALOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF CANADA
NUMBER 72, JUNE 2004
NOUVELLES
DE L’ASSOCIATION MINÉRALOGIQUE DU CANADA
NUMÉRO 72, JUIN 2004
F E A T U R E
properties of natural kaolinites
(nature of defects, defect density, octahedral substitutions,
etc.) could help reconstitute the
geologic history of kaolinite
occurrences or be used to predict the behavior of geologic
media and/or kaolinites.
Lateritic profiles. A relationship is classically observed
within lateritic weathering profiles between the defect density
of kaolinite and its iron content
(e.g. Mestdagh et al. 1980). The
defect density and iron content
both increase from the bottom
to the top of the profiles (e.g.
Muller 1987). If pH conditions
change during the progression
of the alteration front within a
laterite, the structural and textural characteristics of the
kaolinites formed during this
progression (from a parent
material or from an initial
kaolinite) can also vary. The
relationship between defect and
iron content could be due to
pH variations, which would not
only generate the structural
defects but also bring about the
incorporation of iron in the
kaolinite structure. Further
experimental work is required
to corroborate this hypothesis.
The textural and structural
variations of kaolinites classically observed within lateritic
profiles (e.g. Ambrosi 1984,
Cantinolle et al. 1984, Muller
1987) were also attributed by
some authors (e.g. Cantinolle et
al. 1984) to successive dissolution/recrystallization cycles
affecting an initial kaolinite.
Our estimate of , for conversion of an initial kaolinite into
another (800 to 350,000 years),
is significantly less than the
estimated time necessary for
the differentiation of a 20meter-deep lateritic profile
(500 to 5,000 kyears, e.g.
Boulangé et al. 1997).
Therefore, within such lateritic
profiles, the hypothesis of
a succession of dissolution/
recrystallization cycles from an
initial kaolinite is reasonable.
Mining and industry. Any
kaolin mining company or
producer wants to know, at
the earliest possible stage of
prospecting, mining, or processing, where the best raw
material can be obtained and
what is the optimal processing
for the properties of the final
product. The ability to predict
the technological properties of
kaolinites from the description
of their crystal chemistry is a
basic tool. We have now established a connection between
conditions of kaolinite genesis
and its degree of order, which is
equivalent to establishing a
connection between conditions
of genesis and potential use of
the kaolin. This provides a new
tool for early prediction of the
value and potential uses of
industrial kaolins.
References
AMBROSI, J.P. (1984): Pétrologie et
géochimie d’une séquence de profils
latéritiques cuirassés ferrugineux de la
région de Diouga, Burkina Faso. Ph.D.
Thesis, Univ. Poitiers, Poitiers, France,
223 p.
BAILEY, S.M. (1980): Structure of layer silicates. In Crystal structure of clay minerals and their identification (G.W. Brindley
& G. Brown, ed.), The Mineralogical
Society, London, 28-39.
BOULANGÉ, B., AMBROSI, J.P. & NAHON, D.
(1997) : Laterites and bauxites. In Soils
and sediments. Mineralogy and geochemistry (H. Paquet & N. Clauer, ed.),
Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 49-65.
CANTINOLLE, P., DIDIER, P., MEUNIER, J.D.,
PARRON, C., GUENDON, J.L., BOCQUIER, G. &
NAHON, D. (1984): Ferriferous kaolinites
and iron and aluminum oxyhydroxides in
the bauxites of Canonnettes (Southeastern
France). Clay Minerals, 19, 125-135.
CASES, J.M., LIÉTARD, O., YVON, J. & DELON,
J.F. (1982): Crystallochemical, morphological, and interfacial properties of disor-
14
dered kaolinites. Bulletin de Minéralogie,
105, 439-457.
DEVIDAL, J.L., DANDURAND, J.L. & SCHOTT,
J. (1992): Dissolution and precipitation
kinetics of kaolinite as a function of
chemical affinity (T = 150°C, pH = 2 and
7.8). In Water-rock interaction (Y.K.
Kharaka & A.S. Maest, ed.), Balkema,
Rotterdam, 93-94.
FIALIPS, C.I., PETIT, S. & DECARREAU, A.
(1999): Influence of pH, starting material
and synthesis duration on kaolinite crystallinity. Comptes Rendus de l’Académie
des Sciences, 328, 515-520.
FIALIPS, C.I., PETIT, S., DECARREAU, A. &
BEAUFORT, D. (2000): Influence of synthesis pH on kaolinite “crystallinity” and surface properties. Clays and Clay Minerals,
48, 173-184.
FIALIPS-GUÉDON, C.I. (1999): Etude expérimentale de la cristallinité et des conditions de formation de la kaolinite. Ph.D.
Thesis, Univ. Poitiers, Poitiers, France
254 p.
HINCKLEY, D.N. (1963): Variability in crystallinity values among the kaolin of the
coastal plain of Georgia and South
Carolina. Clays and Clay Minerals, 11,
229-235.
LIÉTARD, O. (1977): Contribution à l’étude
des propriétés physicochimiques cristallographiques et morphologiques des
kaolins. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Nancy, Nancy,
France, 345 p.
MESTDAGH, M.M., VIELVOYÉ, L.A. &
HERBILLON, A.J. (1980): Iron in kaolinite: II.
The relationship between kaolinite crystallinity and iron content. Clay Minerals,
15, 1-13.
MULLER, J.P. (1987): Analyse pétrologique
d’une formation latéritique meuble du
Cameroun. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Paris VII,
Paris, France, 188 p.
MULLER, J.P., MANCEAU, A., CALAS, G.,
ALLARD, T., ILDEFONSE, P. & HAZEMANN, J.L.
(1995): Crystal chemistry of kaolinite and
Fe-Mn oxides: relation with formation
constraints of low temperature systems.
American Journal of Science, 295, 11151155.
PLANÇON, A., GIESE, R.F. & SNYDER, R.
(1988): The Hinckley index for kaolinites.
Clay Minerals, 23, 249-260.
XIE, Z. & WALTHER, J.V. (1992): Incongruent dissolution and surface area of
kaolinite. Geochimica et Cosmochimica
Acta, 56, 3357-3363.
NEWSLETTER
OF THE MINERALOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF CANADA
NUMBER 72, JUNE 2004
M E M B E R S
WILLET T. MILLER MEDAL
TO ROGER MITCHELL
The Willet T. Miller Medal is
awarded every two years by the
Royal Society of Canada for
outstanding research in any
branch of the Earth sciences. In
1941, twelve friends of Willet T.
Miller, FRSC (1867-1925), a
distinguished geologist and a
guiding force in the development of the Ontario mining
industry, subscribed funds to
create this medal. The first
recipient of the medal was
Norman L. Bowen in 1943.
Among distinguished Canadian
mineralogists who have received
it are J.E. Hawley (1951), L.G.
Berry (1963), R.W. Boyle (1971),
D.M. Shaw (1981), and F.
Hawthorne (1993). This year,
the medal was awarded to Roger
H. Mitchell. The following are
excerpts from the citation.
Roger Mitchell, Fellow of
the Royal Society of Canada
and Professor Emeritus in the
Department of Geology at
Lakehead University, is the
world’s leading authority on
alkaline rocks. His work over
the past 25 years has been
directed towards a detailed
understanding of their origin
and evolution. His work on
kimberlites has led to numerous
publications on the mineralogy,
petrology, and geochemistry of
I N
these rocks. In particular, he
has made a great many studies
involving the detailed variation
of mineral compositions as a
function of rock type. These
studies have led to considerable
insight into the evolving petrologic processes operative during the genesis of alkaline melts
and the progress of their
emplacement and crystallization. He has also developed a
rational classification for kimberlites; this is of great practical
importance, as it gives uniformity to the reporting of field
results and greatly helps in
understanding aspects of the
global distribution of these
rocks and their relation to
plate-tectonic/mantle structure. This work culminated in
the publication of a monograph in 1986, considered as
the definitive work on kimberlites.
More recently, Roger Mitchell
has concentrated on the petrology and genesis of lamproites
(ultrapotassic rocks). These
have recently sprung to prominence with the discovery of
major diamond deposits in
such rocks in Australia. Roger’s
work has followed a similar
track here: detailed field work,
extensive analytical mineralogy
and geochemistry, followed by
synthesis and appraisal of all
the pertinent information. This
work culminated in the publication of his monographs on
lamproites, kimberlites and
orangeites, which have made a
major impact, not the least
because Roger developed a new
theory for the origin of lamproites.
Roger Mitchell has worked
on carbonatites and other more
unusual alkaline-rock groups.
These are of wide interest
because of their implications
concerning deep-seated physi-
NOUVELLES
DE L’ASSOCIATION MINÉRALOGIQUE DU CANADA
NUMÉRO 72, JUIN 2004
T H E
N E W S
cal and chemical processes. His
work in this field has been
nowhere near as extensive as
that on kimberlites and lamproites, but it is very highly
regarded because of its quality
and originality.
In the last couple of years,
his work has taken a different
direction. He has begun to
work in experimental (phaseequilibrium) petrology as
applied to alkaline rocks. The
extensive appraisal of data on
natural kimberlites and lamproites, together with the consolidation of established models
and the introduction of new
genetic models, has led to a
much better idea of what
should be done to experimen❖
tally verify these models.
PETER RUSSELL
AWARDED THE
E.R.W. NEALE MEDAL
Peter Russell, curator at the
Department of Earth Sciences,
University
of
Waterloo,
Waterloo, Ontario, has been
chosen as the 2004 recipient of
the E.R.W. Neale Medal. The
E.R.W. Neale Medal is awarded
by the Geological Association
of Canada to an individual for
sustained outstanding efforts in
sharing Earth science with
Canadians. The medal has been
awarded annually since 1995.
15
Peter has been one of the
most active promoters of Earth
science education in Canada by
working at the grass-roots level
with several hundred thousand
children and thousands of
teachers and members of the
public over more than three
decades. His energy has been
phenomenal. He has judged
at the Waterloo-Wellington
Science and Engineering Fairs
since 1971. From the late 1970s,
he organized and distributed
the “Geoscience Slide Library”
kits and notes and boxes of
minerals, fossils and rocks, to
assist teachers in the curriculum for Grades 4 to 6 throughout the Waterloo Region. The
Waterloo “Junior Naturalists’
Programme” was set up and
guided by him from 1979 to
1990 and expanded into the
“Science and Engineering
Quest”. Innumerable public
and student field trips and
EdGEO teacher-training workshops have been run for over
three decades. In the late 1980s,
he helped initiate and co-edited
Wat on Earth. He has designed
an interpretive logo for every
issue of GAC’s flagship journal,
Geoscience Canada, since its
launch. He has illustrated the
Mineralogical Association of
Canada’s Encyclopedia of
Mineral Names.
Traveling exhibits designed
by Peter have appeared at gem
shows throughout Ontario and
the United States. Teaching
exhibits on groundwater have
gone to Groundwater Festivals
and Clean Water Fairs in six
Ontario counties and have been
distributed as far away as
Quebec. The “Wally and
Deanna” cartoon booklet series
has been greatly successful with
children, and more than 28,000
copies have been produced in
three languages.
NEWSLETTER
OF THE MINERALOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF CANADA
NUMBER 72, JUNE 2004
NOUVELLES
DE L’ASSOCIATION MINÉRALOGIQUE DU CANADA
NUMÉRO 72, JUIN 2004
M E M B E R S ...
O B I T U A R Y
After his “retirement” in
1996, the University of Waterloo
formally named the “Peter
Russell Rock Garden” in recognition of his service. Subsequently, under his imaginative
guidance, the Centre for
Environment Innovation and
Technology is being transformed. Peter persuaded the
architects to build the fivestorey building around a huge
(9-m tall) monolithic block of
stone, which is now ensconced
through three floors in the central hallway.
Peter Russell has excelled for
over three decades in interactions with the general public,
with teachers, and particularly
with children. It is estimated
that he has talked to a minimum of 250,000 children and
teachers over 30 years, the equivalent of several “Skydomes”
packed to capacity.
❖
LOUISE FRANCIS STEVENSON (1912-2003)
Louise Stevenson passed away on October 23,
2003. Born to parents in academia (her father
was a Professor of Education), it was natural for
Louise to be strongly encouraged to pursue her
dreams, even though they involved the Earth
sciences, an unorthodox choice in those days. In
fact, Louise was among the first females to graduate in geology at the University of Washington
in Seattle. Unimpressed with admonitions to
switch to a more sedate field of endeavor, Louise
ventured east to enroll in a graduate program at
Radcliffe College, where she obtained a Master’s
degree. A lab-oriented course in her academic
program was given across town at M.I.T. It was
in that class that Louise Stevens met John Sinclair
Stevenson, a Canadian from out west enrolled in
the Ph.D. program. The two classmates evidently
hit it off, and they later became mates for life.
Soon after graduation, Louise and John moved
west, where John was appointed to the British
Columbia Department of Mines. They had two
children, John and Robert. As Louise longed to
get back into geology, she began co-authoring
papers with John and attending conferences.
Louise and John also yearned to return to an academic setting. Their wish became a reality when
John was offered a teaching position in mineralogy and economic geology at McGill University.
At that point, Louise began a long-term involvement as curator of the mineralogy collection at
McGill’s Redpath Museum. She was often
involved in outreach activities, especially with
school children. Louise and John were very much
involved in Sigma Xi, serving many years as a
secretary-treasurer team. Louise was very supportive of many other activities that had an educational orientation. I remember her involvement
in the speakers program of the Montreal Gem
and Mineral Club and her keen interest in the
affairs of the Mineralogical Association of
Canada. She and John held the MAC in high
esteem and were in fact founding members of the
Association. Louise lived a full life, dedicated to
service to the community in all spheres of activity. Her intelligence, grace, and generosity will
not soon be forgotten.
BY ROBERT F. MARTIN ❖
New Publications from the
Mineralogical Society of America
and the Geochemical Society
There are two new publications in the Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry (RiMG) series.
Volume 53: Zircon. 2003, John M. Hanchar & Paul W.O.
Hoskin, eds. 500 pp. Since "Orthosilicates" (Vol. 5), much has
been learned about the internal textures, trace-element and isotope
geochemistry (both radiogenic and stable), and chemical and
mechanical stability of zircon. The sixteen chapters in this volume
include reviews of the structure of zircon and other mineral (and
synthetic) phases with the zircon structure, minor and trace element compositions relating to processes that generate igneous and
metamorphic rocks, melt inclusions, zircon saturation and the use
of zircon saturation thermometry, cation and oxygen isotope diffusion, U-Th-Pb, O, Nd–Sm and Lu–Hf isotope systems, zircon
geochronology, and radiation damage. The final chapter is an atlas
of internal textures of zircon along with brief interpretations of
their significance. ISBN 0939950-65-0. Members US$27; nonmembers US$36.
Volume 52: Biomineralization. 2003 Patricia M. Dove,
James J. De Yoreo & Steve Weiner, eds. 381 pp. Since the
dawn of life on earth, organisms have played roles in mineral formation in processes broadly known as biomineralization. This biologically-mediated organization of aqueous ions into amorphous
and crystalline materials results in materials that are as simple as
adventitious precipitates or as complex as exquisitely fabricated
16
structures that meet specialized functionalities. The purpose of this
volume is to provide students and professionals in the earth sciences with a review that focuses upon the processes by which
organisms direct the formation of minerals. Our framework of
examining biominerals from the viewpoints of major mineralization strategies distinguishes this volume from most previous
reviews. The review begins by introducing the reader to over-arching principles that are needed to investigate biomineralization phenomena and shows the current state of knowledge regarding the
major approaches to mineralization that organisms have developed
over the course of Earth history. By exploring the complexities that
underlie the “synthesis” of biogenic materials, and therefore the
basis for how compositions and structures of biominerals are mediated (or not), this volume will be instrumental in propelling studies of biomineralization to a new level of research questions that are
grounded in an understanding of the underlying biological phenomena. ISBN 093995066-9. members US$27; nonmembers US$36.
More information about these publications is available on the MSA website at www.minsocam.org or from MSA Business Office, 1015 Eighteenth
Street NW Ste 601, Washington, DC 20036-5212, USA. PH: 202-775-4344
FAX: 202-775-0018 e-mail: business@minsocam.org. You may also order
these publications online.
NEWSLETTER
OF THE MINERALOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF CANADA
NUMBER 72, JUNE 2004
NOUVELLES
DE L’ASSOCIATION MINÉRALOGIQUE DU CANADA
NUMÉRO 72, JUIN 2004
CONFERENCE
8th WORLD INTERNATIONAL KIMBERLITE
CONFERENCE – VICTORIA, BC
BY BRUCE JAGO
ne of the most exciting conferences for academic and
industry professionals engaged
in diamond exploration and
study of the mantle and diamond-bearing rocks took place
from June 22 to 27, 2003, in
Victoria, British Columbia. The
8th World Kimberlite Conference
attracted nearly 600 academic
and industry delegates, the
largest attendance since the First
International Kimberlite Conference held 30 years ago in Cape
Town. It was the first time the
conference has been held in
Canada.
O
Canada was a natural choice
this time around for the conference due to the rapid pace of
kimberlite discoveries in Canada
in the last two decades and to
Canada’s entrance onto the
stage of primary diamond producers, with the opening of BHP
Billiton Diamonds’ Ekati Mine
in 1998, and DIAVIK Diamond
Mines’ DIAVIK Mine in 2002.
Conference highlights included pre- and post-conference field
trips to kimberlite, lamproite,
alkalic rock, and mantle xenolith locations throughout Canada
(Alberta, British Columbia,
Northwest Territories, Ontario)
and the United States (Colorado,
Wyoming, Montana); a firstever “core shack”; an impressive
five-day schedule of oral (88)
and poster (192) presentations;
and a social events calendar like
no other.
The technical program included oral and poster presentations
related to kimberlite geology
and economics, eclogites and
diamonds, diamonds, mantle
geochemistry, target area selection, mantle petrology, kimberlite petrogenesis, diamond
exploration, and craton studies.
The most controversial topics,
still, are the mechanics of kimberlite intrusion and emplacement into the upper crust and
the final form of the kimberlite
volcano prior to erosion. A
consensus, of sorts, emerged
that the host rock is all-important and that the South African
model, although still valid, need
NEWS
DIAMOND CRYSTALS
A major holding of locality-specific diamond
crystals has become available, consisting of several thousand specimens that range from tiny
micro’s to large, multi-carat specimens.
Rarely have rough diamonds been available
from so many, specifically identified localities,
and if your research work calls for comparative
work on natural diamonds from many different
sources, we have an inventory on hand to meet
these needs!
With crystals on hand from seventeen (17)
different countries, and many from multiple
localities within those countries, we can offer a
diversified and interesting assortment of habits
and colors to meet your expectations.
Collections of twelve different specimens from
twelve different countries are available for only
US$99.00 plus shipping, with total weight in
excess of two carats! Individual crystals up to
several thousand dollars are in stock.
A range of specimens may be viewed on our
special diamond crystal website:
www.diamondcrystals.net
Or for specific inquires, contact us by e-Mail,
telephone or fax to discuss your requirements.
Excalibur Mineral Corporation
Dr. Fanus Viljoen of the De Beers GeoScience Centre (GSC) manning
the DeBeers booth at 8IKC
1000 North Division Street
Peekskill, NY 10566-1830
Tel: (914) 739-1134
Fax: (914) 739-1257
www.excaliburmineral.com
E-Mail – info@excaliburmineral.com
17
NEWSLETTER
OF THE MINERALOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF CANADA
NUMBER 72, JUNE 2004
NOUVELLES
DE L’ASSOCIATION MINÉRALOGIQUE DU CANADA
NUMÉRO 72, JUIN 2004
CONFERENCE
not apply in all situations. Excellent presentations by newcomers and veterans
demonstrated that the key to understanding
kimberlite volcanology lies in integrating
detailed volcanological, petrologic, and
structural studies of kimberlite intrusions.
Key papers in other sessions highlighted
the importance of pushing analytical frontiers, particularly in isotope science, and
the complex growth history of the diamond as demonstrated by cathodoluminescence studies.
Young scientists excelled at both oral
and poster presentations. The awards for
best talk were presented to Kimberley
Webb and Sebastian Tappe and for the best
poster to Clair Appleyard.
The conference organizers are to be
commended for making available all conference materials in digital format. Copies
of the CD-ROM containing the extended
abstracts volume can be obtained through
the Mineralogical Society of America website at www.minsocam.org. Copies of the
conference field trip guidebooks can be
obtained in CD-ROM format from Natural
Resources Canada. Orders can be made at
GSCbookstore@NRCan.gc.ca or through
the web site www.NRCan.gc.ca/gsc
Lithos will publish the conference proceedings as a two-volume set of selected,
refereed papers in 2004 or 2005. Orders for
this set can be made to: 8th International
Kimberlite Conference, c/o Venue West
Conference Services Ltd., #645 – 375 Water
Street, Vancouver, BC, V6B 5C6 (Tel:
1-604-681-5226; Fax: 1-604-681-2503;
Email: 8IKC@venuewest.com). The conference website is still active and can be
accessed at www.8ikc.ca.
NEWS
The 9th International Kimberlite Conference will be held in Hyderabad, India in
October 2006. The 9IKC website will be
announced shortly. For further information, please contact Dr. Saurabh Verma,
National Geophysical Research Institute,
Uppal Road, Hyderabad, A.P., 500 007
India (e-mail: skvngri@hotmail.com).
ATLANTIC GEOSCIENTISTS
GATHER FOR MAC-SPONSORED
ION MICROPROBE WORKSHOP
BY ALAN ANDERSON
A MAC-sponsored workshop on the ion
microprobe was held January 30, 2004, at
the Hotel Delta Beauséjour, Moncton, NB,
immediately before the annual Atlantic
Geoscience Society meeting. The workshop, which was convened by Alan
Anderson, St. Francis Xavier University,
attracted sixty participants from six
Atlantic universities, three provincial surveys, the Geological Survey of Canada, and
Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency
(ACOA). A generous financial contribution from the Mineralogical Association of
Canada made it possible to bring in three
leading ion microprobe experts to provide
the participants with the latest on instrumentation and geosciences applications.
Stephen Clement of Ion Optical
Consulting kicked off the event with a personal view of secondary ion mass spectrometry and the development of the
sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe
(SHRIMP). This excellent overview was
followed by a lecture emphasizing the
geochronological applications of the
SHRIMP by Mike Hamilton of the Jack
Satterly Geochronology Laboratory,
University of Toronto. After an extended
coffee break, Graham Layne of the Woods
Hole Oceanographic Institute described
the essentials of the Cameca IMS 1270 ion
microprobe, its strengths and limitations
relative to other micro- analytical methods,
and some interesting examples of geosciences applications using light isotopic
and trace-element measurements obtained
at the Northeast National Ion Microprobe
Facility. The workshop concluded with an
open discussion on the relative merits of
the different types of ion probe instruments, the technical and institutional support needed to operate an ion microprobe
facility, and how researchers in Atlantic
Canada might best get access to ion microprobes to obtain the data they need.
In addition to stimulating interest in ion
microprobe analysis and educating students and professionals, the workshop
brought together many scientists from the
Atlantic region who share an interest in
geochemistry, petrology, and mineralogy.
The council of the Atlantic Geoscience
Society is acknowledged for agreeing to
host this event at its annual meeting.
SHORT COURSE ON INFRARED
SPECTROSCOPY IN GEOCHEMISTRY,
ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY,
AND REMOTE SENSING
BY JEFFREY M. BYRNES
The MAC short course entitled Infrared
Spectroscopy in Geochemistry, Exploration
Geochemistry, and Remote Sensing was
organized by Drs. Penny King (University
of Western Ontario), Mike Ramsey
(University of Pittsburgh, USA), and Gregg
Swayze (U.S. Geological Survey, Denver,
USA) and held at the University of Western
Ontario (London, ON) on May 10 and 11,
2004. The course was designed to cover a
wide range of infrared (IR) spectroscopy
applications, from the scale of rocks and
minerals to terrestrial landscapes to the
surfaces of other planetary bodies. Participants represented research groups from
North America and the United Kingdom,
including students, junior researchers, and
more experienced investigators (photos of
the group on page 20).
The short course consisted of eleven
oral presentations and five hands-on practical sessions. Talks included background
information on IR spectroscopy as well as
ION MICROPROBE WORKSHOP
18
Continued on page 22
NEWSLETTER
OF THE MINERALOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF CANADA
NUMBER 72, JUNE 2004
NOUVELLES
DE L’ASSOCIATION MINÉRALOGIQUE DU CANADA
NUMÉRO 72, JUIN 2004
S T U D E N T S ’
P A G E S
that facilitated introductions
and discussions. Indeed, it was
a pleasure to meet the presenters
during breaks and meals. For
our lunchtime viewing pleasure,
Fredrick Breaks, Julie Selway,
and Andrew Tindle awed us
with some fantastic fertile granite and pegmatite samples from
throughout Ontario.
TRAVEL SCHOLARSHIP
RECIPIENTS AT
ST. CATHARINES 2004
AC awarded its first travel
scholarships this spring.
M
Cara Donnelly, Matthieu
Lapointe, Eric Potter, and Julie
Roberge received funding
towards the cost of attending
the GAC-MAC conference and
associated short courses while
Andrea Cade and Heather
Neufeld will attend the International Geological Congress
in Florence in August. Deadline
to apply for a 2005 scholarship
is January 15, 2005.
Cara Donnelly graduated
this spring with a B.Sc. from the
University of Windsor. She
plans to continue her studies at
the University of Alberta.
Matthieu Lapointe will start a
M.Sc. under the supervision of
Alan Anderson at St. Francis
Xavier University. Eric Potter
has just completed his Master’s
degree at Lakehead University
under the supervision of Roger
Mitchell and will start a Ph.D.
in the fall. Julie Roberge is
doing a Ph.D. in volcanology at
the University of Oregon. They
have all reported on a special
session or a short course they
attended at St. Catharines. So
here is the GAC-MAC meeting
through their eyes.
Unconventional Styles
of PGE Mineralization
Special Session
BY CARA DONNELLY
Thanks, in part, to a travel
scholarship from the Mineralogical Association of Canada,
I was able to attend the 2004
GAC-MAC Joint Annual
Meeting. While at GAC-MAC,
I presented a poster on my
undergraduate thesis topic in
the
special
session
on
Unconventional
Styles
of
Platinum-Group-Element
From left to right, Heather Neufeld, Andrea Cade, MAC President
Dan Kontak, Julie Roberge, Matthieu Lapointe, Eric Potter and
Cara Donnelly.
Mineralization. I was also able
to attend the technical program
of this special session.
Rare-Element
Geochemistry and Ore
Deposits Short Course
An industry representative
from North American Palladium
Ltd gave a particularly interesting talk. on the metal zonation
at the Lac des Iles palladium
deposit. The methodology and
results presented for this study
were similar to those obtained
during my thesis work, in particular, the use of petrography
and SEM with EDS to establish
the distribution of the platinum-group minerals with
respect to the silicate and sulfide minerals, and the determination of the dominant PGM
alloy-forming elements. In
addition to these data, my
undergraduate thesis work also
included LA-ICP-MS analysis
to characterize the PGE and
trace-element contents of the
PGM, sulfides, and oxides of
the Marathon Cu-PGE deposit.
I found this application of
research and its discussion
from an industry point of view
to be most encouraging from a
student’s perspective.
BY ERIC POTTER
This was the first conference
that I have attended and the
experience gained will no doubt
be useful next year when I
attend GAC-MAC-CSPG-CSSS
in Halifax as a graduate student.
Through the generous support
of the Mineralogical Association
of Canada, I was able to attend
a truly exceptional short course
that preceded the 2004 GACMAC conference. The course
Rare-Element Geochemistry and
Ore Deposits included talks by
the following researchers: Peter
Hollings and Derek Wyman;
David London; Robert Linnen
and Michel Cuney; Ilya
Veksler; Fredrick Breaks, Julie
Selway, and Andrew Tindle;
Petr Černý; Carey Galeschuk
and Peter Vanstone; Scott Ercit;
Roger Mitchell; Scott Wood;
Iain Samson and Scott Wood;
Andrew Rankin; Stefano Salvi
and Anthony Williams-Jones.
A quick examination of the list
of presenters reveals some of
the most talented and original
researchers within the broad
field of rare-element geochemistry and ore deposits. In fact,
when I first saw the list of presenters, my first concern was
whether or not there would be
any places still available. Fortunately for those of us present,
the moderate attendance created an intimate environment
19
I was most interested in the
talk given by Dr. Wood. Having
read (and referred to) several of
his publications during my thesis work, I was looking forward
to meeting him in person and
listening to his talk on the
aqueous geochemistry of zirconium, hafnium, niobium, and
tantalum. More specifically, I
was hoping that he would not
present any evidence in contradiction to the data that I was
presenting later in the week!
My work involved investigation
of the solubility of zircon and
the mobility of zirconium within alkaline fluids. Fortunately,
my observations were in general agreement with the data presented by Dr. Wood and I could
not agree more with some of his
concluding remarks: that more
work is required in this field,
even at ‘standard’ conditions.
Dr. Wood expanded on these
observations, noting that
although there is enough data
to permit some qualitative conclusions, there is not enough
quantitative data available to
perform calculations of the
degree of mass transfer of these
elements in hydrothermal solutions.
Once again, I’d like to thank
the Mineralogical Association
of Canada and its members for
their support by means of the
travel scholarship. The knowledge I gained from this experience will undoubtedly help in
my research and I am grateful
to have had the opportunity to
attend the course.
NEWSLETTER
OF THE MINERALOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF CANADA
NUMBER 72, JUNE 2004
NOUVELLES
DE L’ASSOCIATION MINÉRALOGIQUE DU CANADA
NUMÉRO 72, JUIN 2004
S T U D E N T S ’
Rare-Element Geochemistry
Special Session
BY MATTHIEU LAPOINTE
The special session Rare-Element Geochemistry and Ore Deposits covered a wide array
of interesting topics. Here is a brief review
of some of the presentations.
Mike Taylor discussed the intriguing
possibility of pegmatite formation via a
hydrogel/hydrosol type process. His talk
highlighted the fact that the origin of pegmatites remains poorly understood and
that perhaps examining different ideas
might lead to a better comprehension of
rare-element pegmatite genesis.
Heather Neufeld and Lee Groat presented results of their work on the recent emerald and aquamarine finds in the Yukon. It
is exciting to know that the Yukon hosts
such rare and economically important
deposits. Hopefully, this work will lead to
more emerald and aquamarine discoveries
in the Yukon and other parts of Canada.
Scott Wood gave an outstanding
overview of essentially all that is known
about the hydrothermal geochemistry of
rare-earth elements. His presentation
revealed the lack of published quality
experimental data on the rare-earth elements. He also underlined the importance
of such data to the understanding of the
behavior of the rare-earth elements in geological processes.
Alan Anderson discussed the profound
role fluids have played in the remobilization of lanthanides and actinides in
metamict zircons from the Georgeville
granite, Nova Scotia. His detailed study
shows that examining such minerals at a
micro scale can give insight into the history of the zircon and the processes that have
affected it through geological time.
Mike Wise presented his work on gallium in K-feldspar from various pegmatites.
He provided many convincing examples
showing how this element is potentially a
useful tool for discriminating pegmatites of
LCT (Lithium-Cesium-Tantalum) versus
NYF (Niobium-Yttrium-Fluorine) affinity.
The results of his work will be beneficial in
the classification of pegmatites and consequently further enhance our knowledge of
these complex systems.
20
P A G E S
Both the short course and the special
session were extremely informative and
well planned. I would like to thank and
congratulate Bob Linnen and Iain Samson
for their efforts in organizing and executing such a great event.
Infrared Spectroscopy Short Course
BY JULIE ROBERGE
The Molecules to Planets: Infrared Spectroscopy in Geochemistry, Environmental
Geochemistry and Remote Sensing short
course highlighted current theory and
practice in infrared spectroscopy, with particular emphasis on ore deposit exploration
and hazard assessment near volcanoes and
in urban areas. It was also a great opportunity to meet other researchers that use different infrared spectroscopy techniques.
All my Ph.D. research projects involve
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. However, my experience is limited to the measurement of H2O and CO2
contents of 1) quenched glassy pillow rims
of submarine-erupted lavas and 2) melt
(glass) inclusions trapped in crystals in
subaerial volcanic rocks. After my Ph.D., I
intend to do postdoctoral work involving
various real-time gas monitoring techniques, including infrared spectroscopy,
and my ultimate goal is to become a professor and set-up a FTIR lab. To successfully achieve this goal, I need a broader
knowledge of the various applications of
this technique so the facility can be shared
with other disciplines. This MAC short
course strengthened my knowledge of the
theory and mechanics of FTIR, and also
Class photograph of the short course participants. Top photograph is a normal
photo. The middle one is in the thermal IR
(mid IR) where white represents ~ 46 º C
and dark blue is ~18 º C. The bottom one is
in the near IR.
allowed me to learn more about other uses
of infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, it
gave me the opportunity to meet and discuss with people that share my interests
and with whom I may work in the future.
SEEKING PROPOSALS FOR BERRY SUMMER SCHOOLS
You would like to invite a world-leading specialist to run an in-depth workshop on a topic
in mineralogy, geochemistry, crystallography,
ore deposits geology, or petrology?
MAC can provide up to $3000 to help make
it happen.
Berry Summer Schools are typically run in a
university setting, with one or two invited
instructors.
●
They can last from two to five days.
●
They provide a hands-on component,
either in the lab or in the field.
●
They can be run anywhere in the world.
●
The number of attendees is small (30 to 60).
●
They are stand-alone events, decoupled
from scientific meetings.
●
They are geared to meeting the needs of
students, but also attract industry representatives and academics.
You can read reports on the first two Berry
Schools in Newsletters 68 (p.9) and 71 (p. 8).
Interested? For more information,
contact Pierrette Tremblay at
pierrette_tremblay@inrs-ete.uquebec.ca
NEWSLETTER
OF THE MINERALOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF CANADA
NUMBER 72, JUNE 2004
NOUVELLES
DE L’ASSOCIATION MINÉRALOGIQUE DU CANADA
NUMÉRO 72, JUIN 2004
S T U D E N T S ’
CONGRATULATIONS TO OUR
UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT
AWARDS WINNERS 2003-2004
Nancy Ballantine, University of Manitoba
Heather Campbell,
University of New Brunswick
Jennifer Cardamone, Laurentian University
Steve Caron, Simon Fraser University
Stephen L. Hinchey, Memorial University
Laura I. Karrei, Carleton University
Janice P.L. Kenney, University of Windsor
Christopher Lane, Lakehead University
Richard LeBreton, Ecole polytechnique
Debbie M. Legaspi, Mount Royal College
Peter M. McChesney,
St. Francis Xavier University
Caroline Mealin, University of Waterloo
Ben J.A. Moulton, St. Mary’s University
Vanessa Peters, McGill University
Hannibal J. Preto, University of Victoria
Geoff G. Spears, Brandon University
Sarah Rose Wallace,
University of Western Ontario
Heather E. Wolczanski, Acadia University
P A G E S
The MAC Undergraduate Awards are
given annually to undergraduate students
for excellence in one of the fields covered
by MAC (mineralogy, crystallography,
petrology, geochemistry, and economic
geology). The award consists of one free
MAC publication and a one-year subscription to The Canadian Mineralogist. For
more information on this program, contact Jeanne Percival at jperciva@nrc.gc.ca
Mineralogical Association of Canada
Student Travel/Research Grants
The Mineralogical Association of Canada will award travel and research grants to assist honours undergraduate
and graduate students in the mineral sciences to
• Present their research at a conference
• Attend a short course or a field trip relevant to their field
of study
• Visit a facility, laboratory or field area to gather data for
their research
• Pay for analyses or equipment for their research
The maximum grant value is CAN$1200 per student.
Grants will fund up to 50% of costs incurred for registration, travel and subsistence, and up to 100% of other
research costs (e.g., equipment, analyses). Quotations and
receipts may be requested for any equipment purchased.
ELIGIBILITY
• Graduate students and honours students at the undergraduate levels in one of the fields covered in The
Canadian Mineralogist (mineralogy, crystallography,
petrology, economic geology and geochemistry)
• Following the event, grant recipients must submit a
report of their travel or research for possible publication
by MAC.
TO APPLY
•Submit the application form and a CV along with a
signed letter of support from your supervisor. Write brief
but thorough statements and be clear as to how the
proposed activities will benefit your education or
research. If the space provided for the budget is insufficient, then attach your budget on a separate sheet.
• If presenting a talk or poster at a meeting, include an
abstract of the research that will be presented.
• If you are requesting a research grant, include a one
page research proposal. This should explain what you
propose to study, why the research is important or
interesting, as well as a detailed description of how you
will do this research (including when you will do it).
• A subcommittee of the MAC Council will review all proposals received by January 15 to be awarded by March
15. The MAC Council reserves the right to make no
awards.
Deadline for application: January 15, 2005
21
NEWSLETTER
OF THE MINERALOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF CANADA
NUMBER 72, JUNE 2004
L E T T E R S
our usual superb job on the
latest Newsletter; however, I
am most disappointed in the
announcement of its imminent
demise! The new magazine certainly sounds interesting but
also spells the end of such
things as MAC conference news
(read eagerly by those of us
who did not make the conference) and of profiles (e.g. Bob
Martin’s on Gilles Laflamme),
etc. The good news is that you
will be managing editor and
can, hopefully, keep the damage to a minimum.
Y
Turning to another “problem area”, I hope that MAC
holds off on an electronic only
Canadian Mineralogist for as
long as possible. In part this is a
purely selfish reaction since it
would make indexing the journal a lot more difficult for
me… My other objection is
more practical; I find the
new electronic Mineralogical
Abstracts almost totally useless
for anything but specific
searches. The whole point of
Mineralogical Abstracts, at least
for me, was the joy of flipping
through it and finding interesting things that I had never
expected. That is now impossible, and much of the value of
the journal has been lost (I do
T O
not plan to renew it next year).
I have a fear that an electronic
journal would be “cherry
picked” by readers and I offer
my own experience of
American Mineralogist on line.
When I get Alex’s e-mail notification that the next issue is on
line, I read the titles and download anything that looks interesting (recently, fewer than
three articles per issue). The
rest of the issue becomes cyberjunk. Then, I receive the paper
copy and find at least three
more articles that deserve reading. What happens to a journal
whose readers come up with
zero articles per issue for a few
months? If we do go in this
direction, it might be better to
present the title AND the
abstract together in the e-mail
notification. If the title alone
does not appear relevant, I am
most unlikely to click on the
“abstract” button. However, if
the abstract was there in view, I
might easily download the article. Just a thought.
J. DOUGLAS SCOTT
have only just had occasion to
IAtlantic
read your review of the
Geoscience Society
(AGS) publication, The Last
Billion Years – A Geological His-
CONFERENCE NEWS (Cont’d from p. 18)
applications to rocks, minerals, and silicate glasses; economic and environmental
geology; and remote sensing of urban settings and planetary surfaces. The practical
sessions provided insights into techniques
using cutting- edge techniques and technology, including FTIR (Fourier
Transform Infrared) and micro-FTIR
transmission and reflection spectroscopy,
a FLIR (Forward-Looking Infrared
Radiometer) camera, an ASD spectrometer, and data from the ASTER (Advanced
Spaceborne Thermal Emission and
Reflection Radiometer) instrument. The
atmosphere throughout the talks and
22
NOUVELLES
DE L’ASSOCIATION MINÉRALOGIQUE DU CANADA
NUMÉRO 72, JUIN 2004
T H E
E D I T O R
tory of the Maritime Provinces of
Canada (MAC Newsletter,
Number 71, December 2003).
As a contributor to the book,
I would like to thank you
for your kind words of praise,
and for your suggestions for
improvements, which I am certain will be taken into account
when a second edition is
undertaken.
However, I must point out
that the AGS is not an exclusively Nova Scotian organization, and the book, as indicated
by its title, deals with the geological history of New
Brunswick as well as Nova
Scotia, a fact that is clear during
even a casual perusal of the
text, maps, and illustrations.
For example, the locations of all
photographs are indicated in
the captions, although, as the
reviewer suggests, perhaps a
location map could have been
included as well. Furthermore,
it will be obvious to the reader
that Chapter 8 discusses the
mineral wealth of both
provinces, not just Nova Scotia.
I was particularly dismayed
to note that no acknowledgement is made of the contributions from New Brunswick
geoscientists, a number of
whom were also involved in
practical sessions was that of an open discussion rather than a formal lecture,
which fostered discussion of current uses
and limitations of IR spectroscopy as well
as future directions for IR spectroscopy
technique and instrument development.
The course also resulted in the publication
of the MAC short-course volume 33, edited by King, Ramsey, and Swayze.
The short course was followed on May
12 by a special session at the joint annual
meeting of the Geological Association of
Canada and the Mineralogical Association
of Canada. This session consisted of 13
oral presentations relating laboratory,
field, airborne, and spaceborne remote
writing, editing, illustrations,
etc. To be sure, the production
team was composed of a majority of Nova Scotian scientists,
including project leaders
Graham Williams and Rob
Fensome of GSC Atlantic.
Nevertheless, the reviewer,
although a resident of New
Brunswick’s neighbour to the
north, has given disappointingly short shrift to the existence of
this province, and to its geoscientists.
The AGS is understandably
thrilled with the success of The
Last Billion Years, and I thank
you for bringing it to your
readers’ attention. In closing, I
will observe that the Society
benefits from its regional, as
opposed to merely provincial,
flavour, as I’m sure your
current President Dan Kontak,
a former President of AGS, will
agree.
Sincerely,
REG WILSON
Past-President, AGS
c/o New Brunswick
Geological Surveys Branch
Bathurst, New Brunswick
Note from the editor:
Apologies to New Brunswich
geoscientists for this oversight.
sensing IR analyses to applications in volcanology; the identification of rocks, minerals, mineraloids, and weathering;
economic geology; biology; image analysis; and environmental geology. Together,
the GAC-MAC special session and the
short course talks, practical sessions, and
volume provide a range of techniques that
are being used to apply infrared spectroscopy to a broad range of significant
scientific questions. Overall, the IR topical
program was well received; one indication
of success was the interest of participants
to informally continue the dialogue on IR
spectroscopy that was begun during the
short course and special session.
NEWSLETTER
OF THE MINERALOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF CANADA
NUMBER 72, JUNE 2004
C A L E N D A R
August 2–6, 2004
53rd Annual Denver X-ray
Conference, Sheraton
Steamboat Resort, Steamboat
Springs, Colorado, U.S.A. Plenary
Session on “Red Hot X-rays” will
explore different uses of X-ray
analysis in the study of volcanology. For information, www.dxcicdd.com or dxc@icdd.com
August 20–28, 2004
Italia 2004 – From the
Mediterranean Area toward
a Global Geological
Renaissance, Florence, Italy.
32nd International Geological
Congress. For more information,
www.32igc.org/default1.htm or
secretariat@32igc.org
the annual meeting of the
Mineralogical Association of
Canada, the Geological Association
of Canada, the Canadian Society
of Petroleum Geologists, and the
Canadian Society of Soil Science.
Contact information
rob.raeside@acadiau.ca
or www.halifax2005.ca
May 20–24, 2005
15th V. M. Goldschmidt
Conference, Moscow, Idaho.
More information can be obtained
at www.gold2005.uidaho.edu
or gold2005@uidaho.edu
September 19–22, 2004
ICAM 2004, 8th International
Congress on Applied
Mineralogy, Águas de Lindóia,
Sao Paulo, Brazil. For more information, dpaktunc@NRCan.gc.ca
or visit www.icam2004.org
August 7–11, 2005
Platinum-Group Elements –
From Genesis to Beneficiation
and Environmental Impact,
the 10th International Platinum
Symposium, Oulu, Finland.
Deadline for abstract submission:
February 28, 2005. For more
information,
http://platinumsymposium.oulu.fi
or congressoul@uoulu.fi
September 13–15, 2004
CMA2004, Sudbury, Ontario. The
36th Annual Conference of the
Canadian Mineral Analysts will be
hosted by Geoscience Laboratories
in Sudbury, Ontario. For more
information, www.2004cma.com
and ed.debicki@ndm.gov.on.ca
August 18–21, 2005
Mineral Deposit Research:
Meeting the Global
Challenge, 8th Internationals
SGA Biennial Meeting, Beijing,
China. For information, contact
Dr. Jingwen Mao at
mail@sga2005.com
December 6–7, 2004
Micro- and Mesoporous
Mineral Phases, Rome, Italy.
www.lcm3b.uhp-nancy.fr/cims/
micromesoporous.htm
September 20–23, 2005
XVI Congreso Geologico
Argentino, La Plata, Argentina.
www.congresogeologico.org.ar/
April 24–27, 2005
Canadian Institute of Mining
& Metallurgy Annual Meeting,
Toronto 2005.
www.cim.org/mce/toronto2005/
May 15–18, 2005
Halifax 2005: Building Bridges
– across Science, through
Time, around the World,
July 23–28, 2006
19th General Meeting of the
International Mineralogical
Association, Kobe, Japan.
www.congre.co.jp/ima2006/
For an exhaustive listing of meetings of mineralogical interest,
consult Dr. Andrea Koziol’s web
page at http://homepages.udayton.edu/~koziol/meetings.html
NOUVELLES
DE L’ASSOCIATION MINÉRALOGIQUE DU CANADA
NUMÉRO 72, JUIN 2004
O U T S I D E
N E W S
CALL FOR PROPOSALS FOR SYMPOSIA
GOLDSCHMIDT 2005
Proposals for symposia/special sessions for the 2005
Goldschmidt Meeting in Moscow, Idaho, U.S.A. are now
being solicited. Several broad themes have been identified
for the meeting and an International Program Committee
(IPC) has been appointed (see the website www.uidaho.edu/
gold2005 for details). The IPC consists of a chairperson
(Peter Larson; plarson@wsu.edu) and at least two international representatives for each theme. The IPC will evaluate
each proposed symposium to minimize overlap and ensure
broad coverage of the themes. To propose a symposium,
please contact either the IPC Chair or one of the appropriate thematic representatives (again, see the conference website for contact information). The proposal can be as simple
as an e-mail giving the title of the proposed symposium, a
brief statement of the relevance and expected interest level,
and the names of potential organizers/session chairs of the
symposium (who will solicit papers from appropriate contributors). We will entertain proposals even if they do not
appear to fit under any of the highlighted themes. Proposals
for symposia/special sessions will be accepted for consideration up until September 1, 2004. However, we recommend
submission of proposals as soon as possible.
IMA NEWS
The Commission on New Minerals and Mineral
Names (CNMMN) of the International
Mineralogical Association has set up a subcommittee to review the alunite supergroup (sulfate,
phosphate, and arsenate), with Dr. Peter Bayliss as
chairman. The current situation is that the classification scheme of Keith Scott published in 1987
(Am. Mineral. 72, 178-187) was approved by
CNMMN. The unapproved classification of John
Jambor published in 1999 (Can. Mineral. 37,
1323-1341) is in closer conformity with the recommendations of CNMMN, which advocates
strict adherence to the 50% rule. Keith Scott and
John Jambor have discussed this further (Can.
Mineral. 38, 1295-1297 and 298-1303).
Peter Bayliss
23
NEW PUBLICATIONS 2004
MINERALOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF CANADA
Platinum-Group Elements:
Petrology, Geochemistry, Mineralogy
Eds.: James E. Mungall, William P. Meurer,
and Robert F. Martin
Interest in the geology of platinum-group element (PGE) deposits has
never been higher than at present, because of a combination of burgeoning industrial applications such as catalytic converters or fuel
cells in automobile, relatively stable high prices, and diminishing
reserves in some of the world’s largest PGE mining camps. This issue
of The Canadian Mineralogist presents 29 original research papers on
the petrology, geochemistry, and mineralogy of PGE deposits. Most of
these articles were presented at the 9th International Platinum
Symposium held in Montana, in July 2002.
TI 42-2, 456 PAGES, 2004
US$40 (outside Canada), CAN$40(in Canada)
(member price US$32/CAN$32)
Contents
1. An Introduction to Infrared Spectroscopy
for Geochemistry and Remote Sensing –
C. Hirschmugl
2. Spectroscopy of Rocks and Minerals, and
Principles of Spectroscopy – R.N. Clark
3. Laboratory Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectroscopy Methods for Geologic
Samples – P.L. King, M.S. Ramsey,
P.F. McMillan, and G. Swayze
4. Infrared Spectroscopy of Silicate Glasses
with Application to Natural Systems –
P.L. King, P.F. McMillan, and G.M. Moore
5. Thermal Conductivity and Thermodynamic
Properties from Infrared Spectra –
A.M. Hofmeiser
6. Imaging Spectrometry of Urban Materials
– D.A. Roberts and M. Herold
7. Using Reflectance Spectroscopy to
Evaluate Minerals of Environmental
Concern – G.A. Swayze
8. Quantitative Geological Surface Processes
Extracted from Infrared Spectroscopy and
Remote Sensing - M.S. Ramsey
9. Hydrothermal Mineral Zoning within an
Eroded Stratocone: Remote Sensing
Spectral Analysis of Brokeoff Volcano,
California – J.K. Crowley, J.C. Mars,
D.A. John, L.J.P. Muffler, and M.A. Clynne
10. Spaceborne and Airborne Remote Sensing
Systems for Mineral Exploration – Case
Studies Using Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy –
S.L. Perry
Infrared Spectroscopy in
Geochemistry, Exploration
Geochemistry, and Remote Sensing
Eds.: P.L. King, M.S. Ramsey,
and G.A. Swayze
Infrared spectroscopy has been widely used in organic chemistry; however, the technique can be applied successfully to a
range of applications. Short-course volume 33 highlights applications in analytical geochemistry, environmental geochemistry,
and remote sensing, with particular emphasis on ore deposit
exploration and hazard assessment at volcanoes, urban areas,
and deserts.
SC33, 284 PAGES PLUS 16-PAGE COLOR INSERT, 2004
ISBN 0-921294-33-6
US$40 (outside Canada), CAN$40 (in Canada)
(member price US$32/CAN$32)
Prices include shipping by surface mail
P.O. Box 78087, Meriline Postal Outlet
1460 Merivale Road, Ottawa ON Canada K2E 1B1
Tel. & fax: (613) 226-4651
You can fax your credit card order to 613-226-4651 or
O R D E R
O N L I N E
www.mineralogicalassociation.ca
11. Estimating Chalcopyrite and
Pyrrhotite/Pentlandite in Ores of the
Sudbury Mines Using Visible and Infrared
Spectroscopy – B. Rivard, E.A. Gallie,
and J. Feng
12. Surfaces of the Terrestrial Planets
Revealed by Infrared Spectroscopy –
J.R. Johnson