Modeling with Motion
Scale Model Animation
Scale Model Animation
3.1
Presented by Geoff Bunza
My Animation Influences
Disneyland Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln
Grabs and Holds the Imagination
Pendon Museum (Long Wittenham, Abingdon,
Oxfordshire, U.K.) preserves the idyllic rural scene and
transport of the 1920s and 30s (pendonmuseum.com)
The Model is the Story
2
What Makes Something Appear to Be Alive?
3
Animated versus Animation
You can create animated features
Blinking lights
lights, Body movements
movements, etc
etc.
When creating an animation consider the whole:
• Movement
• Light
Li ht
• Sound
• Synchronization
• Story
4
Movement
• Circular
Ci l (likely continuous)
(lik l
i
)
Linear (movement along a line, possibly with
pauses and reversals)
• Steered (forced path by track, trough, or other means)
•
• Guided (Intelligently steered without obvious constraints)
• Random (arbitrary, chaotic, non‐repeating)
5
Drives for Movement
HiTec HS-55
LS-0003
Vibrator Motors
Right Angle Drive Gearmotors
Servo Motors
Micro Stepper Motor
Planetary Gearmotors
Screw Drives
Gearmotor
Belt or String Drive
6
Motors and Gears
7
Simple Rotation One Direction
2mm Brass Tube
w/ 2
2-56
56 Threaded End
2.5mm Guide Tube
Hole Tapped
For 2-56 Thread
8
Simple Rotation One Direction
9
Gear Reduction Drives
10
Gear Drives In Action
“Bring a Wrecking Crane to Life” Model Railroad Hobbyist August 2012
http://tinyurl com/mjtwdp4
http://tinyurl.com/mjtwdp4
11
Gear Drive Mounting Alternatives
12
“Invite a Flock of Animated Cranes to Your Layout”
Model Railroad Hobbyist,
Hobbyist To Be Published Q4 2015
13
Screw Drives
14
Screw Drives
15
Stall Motors
16
“Teach Your Engineers to Turn Heads,” Model Railroad Hobbyist, February 2013
http://mrhpub.com/2013-02-feb/land/#100
Belts and Bands
18
“A Visit to Bob’s Barber Shop – Animation in HO Scale”
Railroad Model Craftsman. To Be Published
19
Band Drive
20
Hammer and Anvil
• 6mm
6mm Planetary
Planetary
Drive Motor
• 0.012 Wire
Linkage to Arm
21
Hammer and Anvil
22
Turning DC Motors On
Magnetic Reed Switch
IR Proximity Sensor
Hall Effect
Magnetic
Sensors
Switches
Transistor Switch
Hi In – Low Out
S
Sensors
(Environmental Switches)
Relays (5V & 12V)
(Switch on a Switch)
L298N Dual H-Bridge
DCC Decoders
23
Servo Motors
3G Servo
Blade
Servo
9G Servo
3 Wi Control:
3-Wire
C
l
1.
2.
3
3.
4.5-6.0 Volts DC
Common/Ground
Control Signal (Pulse Train)
50 Hz / 20ms Duration
24
Example: Servo Drivers
Arduino Button Control*
(About $5)
TAM Valley Octopus III
A d i DCC M
Arduino
Multifunction
ltif
ti
Decoder
D
d Control**
C t l**
(About $5)
** http://model-railroad-hobbyist.com/node/20739
Team Digital SC8
The Proto:87 Smartswitch
*Program “Clinic_ServoTestSet_4_switched_slow.ino” is in:
http://home.comcast.net/~gbglacier/Clinics/AnimationControl_Clinic_adds.zip
Servo Door Openers
26
Stepper Motors
o
18 Step!
pp Motor
Stepper
Geared Steppers
pp
Miniature Stepper
pp
w/Screw Drive
4 5 6 - Wire Control:
4,5,6
1.
2.
3.
4-12 Volts DC
Complex Sequencing
Pulsed & Polarityy Reversals
(Bi-Polar & Unipolar)
o
0.18 Step!
27
Stepper Motor Control
4,5,6 - Wire Control:
1.
2.
3.
4-12 Volts DC
Complex
p
Sequencing
q
g
Pulsed & Polarity Reversals
(Unipolar & Bi-Polar)
&
Arduino Pro Mini
L298N Dual H-Bridge
Gearmotor/Servo/Stepper Issues
29
Timing, Cueing, & Synchronization
• Consider Animation as a sequence of actions
–
–
–
–
–
–
•
•
•
•
Move this…
Play these sounds…
Set this speed…
Turn this light on… off… on… …
Wait so long…
Wait until something happens
happens…
How does an action start ?
What are the delay times among actions ?
How are the actions coordinated ?
How does an action end ?
30
Triggers & Cueing
• A Trigger is a detectable change
– Switch closure: metal contacts, push button, switch…
– A sensor change:
h
optical
i l sensor, magnetic
i sensor…
– The end of a timer: mechanical or electrical or program
• A Timer is some mechanism that has a known delayy
• A Sequencer provokes one or more actions at
different time intervals
• Cueing is the coordinated start of multiple actions–
like movement start and sound generation
• Action ends with:
–
–
–
–
Completion of sequence
End of time period
Ending trigger
No end – continuous loop
31
Mechanical Timing & Sequencing
32
Mechanical Timing & Sequencing
Brass Drum
Battery
y
+
Insulating
Tape
MOTOR
Start
Button
Contact Wipers
Resistors
LEDs
Start Button Moves Drum Off “Stopping” Tape
Wipers Close the Circuit to the LEDs
33
Scripted DCC Control
• JMRI
• JMRI/Jython Scripts
##### Set Speed to Forward, stopped
self.throttle.speedSetting = 0.
self.throttle.setIsForward(True)
self.waitMsec(self.delay*400)
(
y
)
############## F8 on, forward"
self.throttle.setF8(True);
self.throttle.setIsForward(True)
(
)
self.waitMsec(self.delay*50)
############## F6 rear light on
self.throttle.setF6(True);
self.waitMsec(self.delay*500)
############## Mute (F8) off"
self.throttle.setF8(False);
self.throttle.setIsForward(True)
self.waitMsec(self.delay*1000)
######### Whistle
self.throttle.setF2(True);
self.waitMsec(self.delay*500)
self.throttle.setF2(False);
34
Scripted DCC Control
35
Programmed Timing & Sequencing
• Why Bother?
– Way
y More Flexibility
y Than ANY other Method
– Low Cost
– Easy to Modify/Change
• Multiple triggers
• Multiple Kinds of Triggers
• Lights, Motors, Relays, Servos, Sensors
• Pseudo Random Sequencing
• Different Sequences Can Run Simultaneously
• DCC Library Already Written
• Support
S
tF
For Sound
S
d Generators
G
t
(MP3,
(MP3 WAV & AD4)
• Additional Tutorials, Books, Libraries, Examples
• Low Power for Battery Applications & On-Board Loco/Car Animation
36
Programmed Timing & Sequencing
Arduino Pro Mini
Digispark
$3.84 $2.59!! Qty 1
http://tinyurl.com/oamynj5
Arduino Uno $11-$30
$11 $30 Qty1
Atmel 328P on SurplusGizmos.com
Atmel Lite Kit $6.75 Kit Only
Atmel ATMega328P
Mouser.com $2.24 Qty1
Solderless Breadboard
//
http://www.arduino.cc
http://sparkfun.com
http://www.adafruit.com
Alternatives:
MC PIC Processor
TI LaunchPad
37
The Essentials for
Programmed Sequencing
http://tinyurl.com/oamynj5
http://tinyurl.com/ld6sgy3
Arduino Pro Mini-$2.59
USB to Pro Mini Cable-$6.88 (Need One)
PLUS
http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Software
http://www.arduino.cc/
Download Software for FREE
An Arduino Cookbook for Modelers:
Starting from Scratch with an Arduino Pro Mini (or Moteino)
http://mrhpub.com/2014-11-nov/land/#99
38
Now Combine Sensors and Control
Wi G id d Mobile
Wire-Guided
M bil Crane
C
39
What Model Drives Were Left Out?
1. Solenoids
2. Spring Drives
3. Ultrasonic Piezoelectric Motors
4 Nichrome Wire
4.
5. Miniature Gas Engines
6. Miniature Live Steam Engines
7. Miniature Jet Engines
8. Elastic Drives
9. Muscle Wire
10.Pneumatic Piston Drive
11.Hydraulic Piston Drive
40
Useful Links and Sources:
Electronics Parts sources:
http://www.digikey.com
-- Commercial first quality parts
http://www.mouser.com
-- Commercial first quality parts
http://www.allelectronics.com
-- Surplus Parts, LEDs, motors
http://www.surplusgizmos.com
p
p g
– Surplus
p
p
parts
http://www.goldmine-elec-products.com -- Surplus parts
http://stores.ebay.com/ledbaron
-- Wired SMD micro LEDs
http://www.ngineering.com
-- Wire LEDs & tools
http://stores.ebay.com/tech-fixx
p
y
-- 38 Gauge
g Wire Source:
Arduino parts of all sorts:
http://sparkfun.com
-- Stuff for sale & reference material
http://www.adafruit.com
-- Stuff for sale & reference material
http://ebay.com/
p
y
-- Lowest cost Pro Mini boards
Arduino reference material:
http://www.arduino.cc
-- Arduino website: libraries, tutorials & reference
http://railstars.com/software/cmdrarduino -- Free DCC Software Library for Arduinos
http://tinyurl.com/mvqmrlj
p
y
q j
-- ModelRailroadingWithArduino2.pdf
g
p -- John Plocher
Clinic Slides from 2011 NMRA Convention in Sacramento, CA
This Presentation:
home.comcast.net/~gbglacier/Clinics/Modeling_w_Motion_NMRA2015.pdf
Clinic Supplemental Materials:
home.comcast.net/~gbglacier/Clinics/AnimationControl_Clinic_adds.zip
41
Here are links to some of my animation articles which are all in free online Modeling Magazines:
Using Micro LEDs on Your Layout
MRH http://model-railroad-hobbyist.com/magazine/mrh-2012-02-feb
htt // d l il d h bb i t
/
i / h 2012 02 f b (Page
(P
74)
Crossbucks and Crossing Gates
NYCSHS http://www.nycshs.org/pdf/NYCM_2Q2012.pdf
(Page 24)
Bring a Wrecking Crane to Life
MRH http://tinyurl.com/mjtwdp4
(Cover Article, Page 53)
Teach Your Engineers to Turn Heads
MRH http://publ.com/5nm2Wxy#/100
Scale Flash Photography
MRH http://mrhpub.com/2013-07-jul/land/#/51
Scale Model Animation Adding Life to a Layout
Railroad Model Craftsman Magazine,
g
Mayy 2014
Battery Powered Models in HO Scale
MRH http://mrhpub.com/2014-11-nov/land/#/83
Starting from Scratch with an Arduino Pro Mini (or Moteino)
http://mrhpub com/2014 11 nov/land/#99
http://mrhpub.com/2014-11-nov/land/#99
You can read my Scale Model Animation blog here (Animation & DCC decoders):
http://model-railroad-hobbyist.com/blog/geoff-bunza
and y
you can see additional videos on my
y YouTube channel on animation:
http://www.youtube.com/user/DrGeoffB
I hope you enjoy them too!
42
A Step by Step Cookbook for the Modeler Using the Pro Mini can be found here:
Starting from Scratch with an Arduino Pro Mini (or Moteino):
http://mrhpub.com/2014 11 nov/land/#99
http://mrhpub.com/2014-11-nov/land/#99
A good start for the Arduino Learning curve would be the tutorials at:
http://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/HomePage
and
d there
th
are allot
ll t off topics
t i there
th
for
f search
h ffor a subject
bj t or b
browse
or
http://www.instructables.com/files/orig/F3J/MTJN/FVW22MXN/F3JMTJNFVW22MXN
.pdf
p
or
http://www.richardvannoy.info/arduino.php
or
http://arduino info wikispaces com/TUTORIALS
http://arduino-info.wikispaces.com/TUTORIALS
Now these offer info at different learning levels so pick one you are comfortable with,
or ask a specific question and I will point you in the right direction.
If you are using an Arduino Pro Mini (cheapest full function available) try:
http://arduino.cc/en/Guide/ArduinoProMini for getting started.
For combining DCC decoder control of Building Lighting animation try:
Scale Model Animation 18: DCC Control for Random Building Lighting
http://model-railroad-hobbyist.com/node/23026
43
Modeling with Motion
Scale Model Animation
Scale Model Animation
3.1
2.0
Geoff Bunza gbglacier@comcast.net