Gold Coast Cruise Ship Terminal
Business Case
Industry Overview
Gold Coast City Council
Technical Report A
December, 2012
Gold Coast Cruise Ship Terminal Business Case
Techncial Report A – Industry Overview
Document Control
Job ID:
16626
Job Name:
Industry Overview
Client:
Gold Coast City Council
Client Contact:
Luke Adair
Project Manager:
Ashley Page
Email:
ashley.page@aecgroupltd.com
Telephone:
07 3831 0577
Document Name:
GCCST Technical Report A - Industry Overview FINAL.docx
Last Saved:
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Version
Date
Draft v1.0
9 November, 2012
Reviewed
ARP
Draft v2.0
19 November, 2012
ARP
Final Report
12 December, 2012
ARP
Approved
ARP
Disclaimer:
Whilst all care and diligence have been exercised in the preparation of this report, AEC Group Limited does not
warrant the accuracy of the information contained within and accepts no liability for any loss or damage that
may be suffered as a result of reliance on this information, whether or not there has been any error, omission
or negligence on the part of AEC Group Limited or their employees. Any forecasts or projections used in the
analysis can be affected by a number of unforeseen variables, and as such no warranty is given that a
particular set of results will in fact be achieved.
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Gold Coast Cruise Ship Terminal Business Case
Techncial Report A – Industry Overview
Executive Summary
Background
The Gold Coast is Australia’s premier tourism destination offering visitors a broad range
of experiences. While the Gold Coast does not have a dedicated cruise ship facility, the
opportunity to establish a Gold Coast Cruise Ship Terminal (GCCST) has been identified
as having potential to grow Queensland and regional tourism.
The focus of this study is to provide an industry tested, financial and economic
assessment of establishing and operating a cruise ship terminal on the Gold Coast. This
information will assist the Gold Coast City Council support submissions to the Queensland
and Commonwealth Governments for financial support, should Gold Coast City Council
determine to support the development.
This document forms one of five (5) technical reports relating to the study and presents
core information relating to the cruise industry, related trends and issues affecting the
industry into the future.
Industry Overview
The global cruise sector primarily focuses on major tourism destinations including cities
with ports capable of accommodating large vessels. Cruise ships generally focus on
warmer climates often following the summer seasons in Europe, North America and the
Southern Hemisphere. According to the Cruise Lines International Association (CLIA), the
major cruise destinations/itineraries (by passenger bed days) are the Caribbean and the
Mediterranean, which account for over half of the global total.
During the last five years, the destinations that have recorded the highest growth include
Australasia/South Pacific, Europe/Scandinavia and Transatlantic.
Figure E.1: Cruise Passenger Bed Nights by Region
Caribbean
Mediterranean
Europe/Scandinavia
Alaska
Bahamas
Mexico (West)
Transatlantic
Australasia/South Pacific
Trans Canal
South America
Hawaii
Other
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Passenger Bed Days (Million)
40
Source: CLIA (2012)
The number of cruise lines operating in Australia
Australian cruise industry has grown. In 2011-12
ship visit Australian ports. During 2011-12, three
Australia for the entire year with six cruise lines
summer season.
has increased in recent years as the
there were 24 cruise lines that had a
cruise lines based five cruise ships in
basing nine ships in Australia for the
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Gold Coast Cruise Ship Terminal Business Case
Techncial Report A – Industry Overview
In 2011-12, there were 42 cruise ships that visited Australian ports, which was on par
with 2010-11. In 2011-12, 21 cruise ships visiting Australian ports had passenger
capacities of more than 1,000, with eight having passenger capacities over 2,000.
Cruise itineraries in Australia generally revolve around visits to the major cities (which
have the infrastructure capable of accommodating large vessels) including Sydney,
Brisbane, Melbourne, Hobart and Fremantle. Common itineraries within Australia include
the South Pacific, Queensland Coast, New Zealand, Around Australia, Indian Ocean and
legs of world cruises.
The international cruise industry continues to grow with CLIA estimating that major lines
carried 16.37 million passengers in 2011, a 10% rise from 2010. North America and
Europe represent the major source markets for global cruising. The Chinese cruise
market is recording major growth with more Chinese residents taking cruises.
International Cruise Council Australasia (ICCA) estimates that 623,294 Australians
undertook a cruise in 2011, an increase of 34% from 2010. Over the last decade, the
number of Australians undertaking a cruise has increased at an average rate of 20.5%.
Anecdotal evidence suggests there is a strong prevalence of ‘repeat cruisers’ indicating
the strong growth experienced will likely result in a stable and sizeable market into the
future.
800,000
40%
700,000
35%
600,000
30%
500,000
25%
400,000
20%
300,000
15%
200,000
10%
100,000
5%
0
Annual Growth (%)
Passenger Numbers
Figure E.2: Australian Cruise Passengers
0%
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Passengers
Annual Growth
Source: ICCA (2012)
Cruise ships visited 31 different Australian ports in 2011-12, equating to a total of 736
port visits. This was a significant increase of 163, or 28.4%, from the 2010-11 total of
573. Tourism organisations, ports and governments have begun to realise the economic
benefits and growth potential associated with the cruise industry in Australia.
Forward Outlook
The outlook for the cruise shipping industry in Australia and globally is positive with
strong growth projections. The outlook for the industry includes:

Firm projected growth in global cruise passengers;

Expected boom in Chinese cruise market with the number of Chinese residents taking
a cruise continuing to increase;

Continued strong growth in the number of Australian cruise passengers, including
increased market penetration;

Sustained growth in Australian cruise activity with the number of port visits by
domestic and international cruise ships increasing;

New cruise lines entering the Australian market due to strong project demand, which
will increase capacity and range of itineraries;
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Gold Coast Cruise Ship Terminal Business Case
Techncial Report A – Industry Overview

Larger cruise ships being constructed and deployed to Australia;

Projected growth in the overall Asian cruise market with potential development of
more Pacific itineraries;

Capacity constraints in some Australian ports represents an opportunity for the Gold
Coast to attract cruise ship visits though may also impede growth in the overall cruise
market; and

Investment requirements
governments.
in
Australian
cruise
infrastructure
by
ports
and
Cruise Potential for Gold Coast
The outlook for the cruise shipping industry in Australia and globally is positive, which
represents strong potential for the cruise sector in the Gold Coast. Key industry trends
and implications for the proposed cruise terminal at the Gold Coast are outlined in the
table below.
Table E.1: Cruise Potential for the Gold Coast
Industry Trend
Implications for the Gold Coast
The cruise industry in Australia has recorded significant
growth over the last decade and has been one of the
fastest growing tourism sectors in the country. The sector
is expected to continue to record strong growth into the
future.
The continued growth in the local cruise sector is
expected to create opportunities for cities such as the
Gold Coast to attract cruise ship visits, where
appropriate facilities and tourism experiences are
available.
China is expected to be the fastest growing cruise market
over the next decade as the sector gets out of its infancy.
This will likely result in Chinese residents taking more
cruises domestically as well as throughout Asia and
globally with the potential for Chinese ships to visit
Australia during the Northern Hemisphere winter.
There is potential for the Gold Coast to consider the
implications of the Chinese market when developing
the cruise terminal including planning for facilities
and products to align with Chinese tourism
experience demands and leverage existing assets
which are attractive to Chinese travellers.
The major ports of Sydney and Brisbane are projected to
record the strongest demand growth over the next few
years though are experiencing capacity constraints in
terms of port and cruise infrastructure. The Portside Cruise
Terminal in Brisbane is particularly constrained in its ability
to accommodate mega cruise ships.
The development of a dedicated cruise terminal in
the Gold Coast, capable of accommodating mega
cruise ships, has the potential to alleviate the
capacity constraints at other Australian ports.
International cruise lines are investing in Australia. They
are bringing more ships to Australian waters and are also
basing them here both seasonally and permanently. The
Panama Canal expansion project will also improve the
efficiency of relocating ships from the Caribbean to
Australia.
Potential to work closely with cruise lines to ensure
any new facility meets their future requirements.
There is also a major trend towards the construction of
larger ships and deployment of bigger ships to Australian
waters.
Opportunity to design the cruise terminal to meet
future anticipated trends, rather than being locked
into existing infrastructure.
The cruise industry in Australia has recorded significant
growth over the last decade which has facilitated
significant changes in the industry across itineraries, ships
and operators. The industry is continuing to evolve at a
fast pace as demand continues to grow.
Opportunity for an interim cruise facility to be
developed that caters for short and medium tern
demand and a longer term infrastructure solution
that can be designed when the breadth of the future
market is more broadly understood.
The Gold Coast is strategically located on the Eastern
Seaboard of Australia, which provides it with access to
popular Australasian itineraries such as the Great Barrier
Reef, South Pacific and New Zealand.
The Gold Coast is also likely to be attractive to
international itineraries such as world and Asia/Pacific
cruises with potential to leverage the Gold Coast’s
global brand.
The development of port and cruise infrastructure is
critical to attracting cruise ship visits. There are numerous
recent examples of international ports that have
developed cruise terminals and attracted more cruise ship
visits. These terminals have generally provided the
necessary capacity to accommodate mega cruise ships,
particular examples of note include Fort Lauderdale, Dubai
and Hamburg.
Important that the Gold Coast develops a cruise
terminal capable of accommodating mega cruise
ships and learns from the successes of other
developments.
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Gold Coast Cruise Ship Terminal Business Case
Techncial Report A – Industry Overview
Industry Trend
Implications for the Gold Coast
The projected growth in the Chinese and Asian cruise
market is expected to result in more cruise itineraries
visiting ports throughout Asia over the next decade. This
includes the likely growth and development of more Asian
cruise lines.
Growth potential for cruise itineraries involving Gold
Coast and Asia.
Source: AECgroup
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Gold Coast Cruise Ship Terminal Business Case
Techncial Report A – Industry Overview
Table of Contents
DOCUMENT CONTROL.......................................................................................... I
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................ II
TABLE OF CONTENTS......................................................................................... VI
1.
INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 1
1.1
BACKGROUND .................................................................................................. 1
1.2
PROJECT OBJECTIVE ........................................................................................... 1
1.3
PURPOSE OF THIS DOCUMENT ................................................................................ 1
2.
INDUSTRY OVERVIEW ................................................................................. 2
2.1
INDUSTRY STRUCTURE ........................................................................................ 2
2.2
CURRENT ACTIVITIES ......................................................................................... 2
2.2.1 CRUISE OPERATORS ................................................................................. 2
2.2.2 ITINERARIES ......................................................................................... 3
2.2.3 CRUISE SHIPS ....................................................................................... 5
2.2.4 CRUISE PASSENGERS ............................................................................... 5
2.2.5 PORTS ................................................................................................ 7
2.3
FORWARD OUTLOOK........................................................................................... 8
3.
CASE STUDIES .......................................................................................... 10
3.1
REGIONAL CRUISE TERMINALS ............................................................................. 10
3.1.1 CAIRNS ............................................................................................. 10
3.1.2 GOTHENBURG ...................................................................................... 10
3.2
MAJOR CRUISE TERMINALS ................................................................................. 11
3.2.1 DUBAI .............................................................................................. 11
3.2.2 HAMBURG .......................................................................................... 12
3.2.3 FORT LAUDERDALE ................................................................................ 13
4.
PLANNING CONTEXT ................................................................................. 14
5.
SWOT ........................................................................................................ 16
6.
KEY FINDINGS & IMPLICATIONS .............................................................. 17
6.1
CRUISE POTENTIAL FOR GOLD COAST..................................................................... 17
6.2
ALIGNMENT WITH GOVERNMENT POLICY .................................................................. 17
REFERENCES ..................................................................................................... 19
APPENDIX A: CRUISE SHIPS IN AUSTRALIA ..................................................... 20
APPENDIX B: AUSTRALIAN PORT VISITS .......................................................... 22
APPENDIX C: CRUISE SHIPS UNDER CONSTRUCTION/ORDERED ...................... 24
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Gold Coast Cruise Ship Terminal Business Case
Techncial Report A – Industry Overview
1.
Introduction
1.1
Background
Cruise ship holidays in Australia have continued to increase in popularity despite the
relative flatness of the broader Australian tourism sector. The cruise shipping sector in
Queensland has recorded considerable growth in recent years, though current port
infrastructure limitations may constrain future growth.
The Gold Coast is Australia’s premier tourism destination offering visitors a broad range
of experiences. While the Gold Coast does not have a dedicated cruise ship facility, the
opportunity to establish a facility has been identified as having potential to grow the
State and regional tourism and cruise industry. Establishment of a dedicated cruise
terminal facility and associated operators would provide significant economic benefits for
the Gold Coast region.
1.2
Project Objective
The focus of this study is to provide an industry tested, financial and economic
assessment of establishing and operating a cruise ship terminal on the Gold Coast. This
information will assist the Gold Coast City Council support submissions to the Queensland
and Commonwealth Governments for financial support, should Gold Coast City Council
determine to support the development.
The overall study will include the delivery of five (5) technical documents:

Industry Overview (this document);

Market Sounding and Demand Assessment;

Financial Assessment;

Economic Assessment; and

Collated Information to support the Business Case.
The overall study aims to address the following critical questions:
1.3

How likely is it that the Gold Coast could generate enough cruise ship traffic for the
terminal to be financially viable?

What would be the likely economic impact to the Gold Coast of constructing and
operating the cruise shipping terminal?
Purpose of this Document
The purpose of this report is to provide an overview of the cruise industry to inform the
preparation of the Gold Coast Cruise Ship Terminal (GCCST) Business Case. The Industry
Overview Report includes a review of the project context (including completed studies
and strategic plans), assessment of the global and domestic cruise industry and
identification of case studies of comparable cruise terminal/facilities. The report highlights
the key findings and the implications for the proposed GCCST development.
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Gold Coast Cruise Ship Terminal Business Case
Techncial Report A – Industry Overview
2.
Industry Overview
2.1
Industry Structure
Cruise Down Under (CDU), the peak industry marketing body for Australia and the Pacific
cruise destinations, defines cruise shipping as:
“A vessel undertaking scheduled deep water cruises of two days or more with a
passenger capacity of 100 or more.”
The cruise industry is comprised of a large number of parties, including:

Cruise Operators: At the core of the industry are the cruise operators, which
operate ships and are responsible for undertaking the cruises. Cruise operators are
responsible for determining itineraries, organising cruises, marketing, selling cruises
and working with ports, service providers and government.

Ports: Ports are responsible for accommodating ships when visiting a destination and
facilitate the safe disembarking and embarking of passengers and provision of
services to the ships. Ports range from:


o
Base ports: where cruises begin and end itineraries; and
o
Transit ports: where vessels stop to allow passengers to get off the vessel for a
short period of time before re-embarking and travelling to the next destination.
Service Providers: Includes organisations that provide services to the cruise ship
operators, ports and passengers, these include:
o
Port Service Providers: Organisations that provide services to the cruise ships
while in the port and includes the port authority, port pilots, towage operators,
fuel suppliers and other suppliers;
o
Suppliers: Companies that supply goods and services to cruise operators
including food, beverages and entertainment;
o
Ship Services: Service providers for ships such as dry dock and slip yards
operators, engineers, maintenance and refurbishment;
o
Onshore Activities: Companies (often referred to as Ground Handlers) that
provide services that are utilised by passengers and crew while off the ship
including tour operators, tourism attractions, hospitality and accommodation;
o
Travel Agents: Companies that sell tourism products on behalf of operators
including booking passengers on cruises; and
Government: There is a range of Federal, State and local government agencies
responsible for regulating and assisting the cruise industry. Federal agencies include
Customs, Quarantine, Immigration, Maritime Administration, Environment, Health
and Bio Security, Infrastructure and Transport, Employment and Workplace Relations,
Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, National Parks Australia and Tourism.
Queensland State agencies include, Maritime Safety, National Parks & Wildlife, Health
& Bio Security, Transport, Natural Resources and Water, Environment, Infrastructure
& Planning, and Tourism. At the local level, Local Government Authorities.
2.2
Current Activities
2.2.1
Cruise Operators
The cruise industry has been dominated for the last 30 years by Carnival Corporation and
Royal Caribbean International (RCI), accounting for significant market share. Carnival
Corporation (including P&O Cruises, P&O World Voyages, Cunard, Princess Cruises,
Holland America Line, Costa Cruises, AIDA, Iberocruceros and Seabourn) and RCI
(Azamura Club Cruises, Celebrity Cruises) own numerous cruise lines.
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Gold Coast Cruise Ship Terminal Business Case
Techncial Report A – Industry Overview
The number of cruise lines operating in Australia has increased in recent years as the
Australian cruise industry has grown. In 2011-12 there were 24 cruise lines that had a
ship visit Australian ports (see Appendix A). Carnival Australia represented six of the
cruise lines with RCI representing two lines.
Cruise lines that based ships in Australia for the entire year in 2011-12 included:



P&O Cruises’ Pacific Dawn, Pacific Jewel, Pacific Pearl and Pacific Sun;
Princess Cruises’ Dawn Princess; and
Orion Expedition Cruises’ Orion.
Cruise lines that based ships in Australia for the summer season in 2011-12 included:






2.2.2
Celebrity Cruises’ Celebrity Century;
Classic International Cruises’ Athena;
Cunard’s Queen Mary 2;
Holland America’s Volendam;
Princess Cruises’ Diamond Princess, Sea Princess and Sun Princess; and
Royal Caribbean’s Rhapsody of the Seas and Radiance of the Seas.
Itineraries
The global cruise sector primarily focuses on major tourism destinations including cities
with ports capable of accommodating large vessels. Cruise ships generally focus on
warmer climates often following the summer seasons in Europe, North America and the
Southern Hemisphere. According to CLIA, the major cruise destinations/itineraries (by
passenger bed days) are the Caribbean and the Mediterranean, which account for over
half of the global total.
Figure 2.1: Cruise Passenger Bed Nights by Region
Caribbean
Mediterranean
Europe/Scandinavia
Alaska
Bahamas
Mexico (West)
Transatlantic
Australasia/South Pacific
Trans Canal
South America
Hawaii
Other
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Passenger Bed Days (Million)
40
Source: CLIA (2012)
During the last five years, the destinations that have recorded the highest growth include
Australasia/South Pacific, Europe/Scandinavia and Transatlantic.
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Gold Coast Cruise Ship Terminal Business Case
Techncial Report A – Industry Overview
Figure 2.2: Growth in Cruise Passenger Bed Nights by Region
40
Caribbean
Passenger Bed Days in 2011 (Million)
35
30
25
Europe/ Scandinavia
20
15
Other
10
Alaska
5
Mexico (West)
Hawaii
0
-10%
-5%
Mediterranean
Bahamas
Australasia/South Pacific
Trans Canal
South America
0%
5%
10%
Annual Growth 2006-2011 (%)
Transatlantic
15%
20%
Source: CLIA (2012), AECgroup
Cruise itineraries in Australia generally revolve around visits to the major cities (which
have the infrastructure capable of accommodating large vessels) including Sydney,
Brisbane, Melbourne, Hobart and Fremantle. Common itineraries within Australia include
(those, on a prima facie assessment of being most likely to incorporate the Gold Coast in
their itinerary are bolded):

South Pacific: Ships taking a round trip from either Brisbane or Sydney (lasting
about 1-2 weeks) with stops in ports such as Noumea, Ouvea, Lifou, Vila, and Isle of
Pines;

Queensland Coast: Ships taking a round trip from either Sydney or Brisbane
(lasting about a week) and visiting several ports along the coast such as Cairns and
Whitsundays;

Australasia: Ships leaving from Sydney, Melbourne or Brisbane and visiting several
ports in New Zealand and Australia. Itineraries are sometimes round trips or finish in
New Zealand with a return cruise back to Australia;

Around Australia: Cruises circumnavigating Australia, taking approximately 30 days
and visiting a range of ports around the country;

Indian Ocean: Cruise ships based in Fremantle and taking itineraries that travel along
the north-western coastline of Australia or across the Indian Ocean to India, South
Africa or South East Asia;

International Transit: Ships on world voyages visiting around 10 ports in
Australia/New Zealand. Some ships will travel along the eastern seaboard while some
also include South Australia and Western Australia on the itinerary; and

Top End: Ships travelling around the top end of Australia between Broome and
Townsville and into South East Asia.
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Gold Coast Cruise Ship Terminal Business Case
Techncial Report A – Industry Overview
2.2.3
Cruise Ships
In 2011-12, there were 42 cruise ships that visited Australian ports (see Appendix A).
The number of cruise ships has almost doubled since 2004-05 though remained stable in
the last year. Over a third (15) of the ships that visited in 2011-12 were based out of an
Australian port(s) at some stage during the year in Sydney, Brisbane, Melbourne, Perth,
Cairns, Adelaide, Darwin and Newcastle.
In 2011-12, 21 cruise ships visiting Australian ports had passenger capacities of more
than 1,000, with eight having passenger capacities over 2,000. This was also a record
and higher than the 18 ships that visited in 2010-11. The Queen Mary 2 with a capacity
of 3,090 passengers was the largest cruise ship to visit Australia. In 2011-12, the total
passenger capacity of cruise ships visiting Australia was 54,063 compared with 49,254 in
2010-11, representing an increase of approximately 10%.
During the last eight years, the size of cruise ships visiting Australia has increased with
the average ship length up from 207m to 219m, average tonnage increasing from
41,130t to 51,395t and average passenger capacity increasing from 1,039 to 1,287.
Royal Caribbean’s Voyager of the Seas (at 311m and with a capacity of 3,138
passengers) will become the largest cruise ship ever to base itself in Australia when it
bases out of Sydney and Fremantle during the 2012-13 summer season.
CLIA identified 13 ships that were introduced to the market in 2011 with a total of 14,886
beds. This included four ships with passenger capacities over 2,500 and seven ships with
passenger capacities under 250. This reflects the current trend toward the construction of
mega cruise ships and smaller expedition style ships.
Cruise Passengers
The international cruise industry continues to grow with CLIA estimating that major lines
carried 16.37 million passengers in 2011, a 10% rise from 2010. North America and
Europe represent the major source markets for global cruising.
The Chinese cruise market is recording major growth with more Chinese residents taking
cruises. The China Cruise and Yacht Industry Association estimated that there were
approximately 400,000 Chinese residents who went cruising in 2010 (compared to
110,000 in 2008). The growth is attributed to the increase in the Chinese middle class
and changing perceptions of sea travel and cruising.
International Cruise Council Australasia (ICCA) estimates that 623,294 Australians
undertook a cruise in 2011, an increase of 34% from 2010. Over the last decade, the
number of Australians undertaking a cruise has increased at an average rate of 20.5%.
800,000
40%
700,000
35%
600,000
30%
500,000
25%
400,000
20%
300,000
15%
200,000
10%
100,000
5%
0
Annual Growth (%)
Figure 2.3: Australian Cruise Passengers
Passenger Numbers
2.2.4
0%
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Passengers
Annual Growth
Source: ICCA (2012)
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Gold Coast Cruise Ship Terminal Business Case
Techncial Report A – Industry Overview
The strong growth is reflected in the increasing market penetration (% of the population
taking a cruise) of the cruise sector in Australia. The market penetration in Australia was
2.7% in 2011, which is the second highest in the world behind the USA (ICCA, 2012).
Figure 2.4: Australian Cruise Market Penetration
3.0%
Market Penetration (%)
2.5%
2.0%
1.5%
1.0%
0.5%
0.0%
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Source: ICCA (2012)
The biggest source markets for cruising are NSW and QLD due to Sydney and Brisbane
being the major base ports for cruise ships in Australia.
Figure 2.5: Australian Cruise Passengers by State
WA
8.9%
ACT
3.1%
VIC
16.3%
NSW
39.9%
TAS
1.5%
SA
5.4%
QLD
24.3%
NT
0.6%
Source: ICCA (2012)
As the cruise sector in Australia has grown over the last decade, it has evolved and
expanded. Trends in passenger characteristics and market sectors include:

Continued growth in demand for family and multigenerational cruises: which
is reflected by the continued growth in the large cruise sector that allows for the
inclusion of an extensive range of facilities and activities on each ship that cater for
all ages.
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Gold Coast Cruise Ship Terminal Business Case
Techncial Report A – Industry Overview
Market segments have expanded: from the core ‘mass market/budget traveller’ to
include more ‘sophisticated’ travellers looking for luxury travel and new experiences.

Focus on experiential markets: increased traveller interest to visit and experience
exotic and ‘off-the beaten’ track destinations, which is in line with broader tourism
trends.

Continued growth in the small and luxury cruise sectors: as some older
passengers and couples look for cruises with a higher focus on luxury and privacy and
less children.
Ports
Cruise ships visited 31 different Australian ports in 2011-12, equating to a total of 736
port visits. This was a significant increase of 163, or 28.4%, from the 2010-11 total of
573 (see Appendix B).
800
35%
700
30%
600
25%
500
20%
400
15%
300
10%
200
5%
100
0%
0
Annual Growth (%)
Figure 2.6: Number of Cruise Ship Visits to Australian Ports
Port Visits (No.)
2.2.5

-5%
04-05
05-06
06-07
07-08
08-09
09-10
10-11
11-12
Source: CDU, Individual Ports, AECgroup
Sydney, Brisbane, Melbourne and Darwin are the most frequented ports. Ports reporting
strong growth were Sydney (+46), Brisbane (+27), Melbourne (+20), Geraldton (+12)
and Freemantle (+11).
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Gold Coast Cruise Ship Terminal Business Case
Techncial Report A – Industry Overview
Figure 2.7: Number of Cruise Ship Visits to Australian Ports, 2011-12
Sydney
Brisbane
Melbourne
Mackay/Whitsundays*
Cairns/Yorkeys Knob
Darwin
Fremantle
Hobart
Port Douglas
Broome
Adelaide
Burnie
Geraldton
Newcastle
Townsville
Port Arthur
Albany
Thursday Island
Exmouth
Other
0
20
40
60
80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Port Visits
Note: * Includes Hamilton Island. Note: Some totals may not add up due to rounding issues.
Source: CDU, Individual Ports, AECgroup
Tourism organisations, ports and governments have begun to realise the economic
benefits and growth potential associated with the cruise industry in Australia. Western
Australia and the Northern Territory have recently undertaken research projects into the
cruise sector which have highlighted the value of the industry to the economy.
Darwin is looking to attract cruise vessel(s) to base themselves at the Port of Darwin.
Port of Darwin is investing in fuel facilities (bunkering) to make the port more attractive
to cruise operators.
2.3
Forward Outlook
The outlook for the cruise shipping industry in Australia and globally is positive with
strong growth projections. The outlook for the industry and implications for the proposed
cruise terminal at the Gold Coast are outlined in the table below.
Table 2.1: Forward Outlook for Cruise Industry
Future Trend
Implications for the
Gold Coast
Global Passenger Growth: CLIA forecasts the recent firm growth of the cruise
shipping industry, driven by steady introduction of new products, particularly new
ships, is expected to continue through 2012 and beyond. Total passengers are
forecast to exceed 17 million in 2012, representing an annual growth of 4.3%.
Future cruise demand for
the Gold Coast.
Boom in Chinese Market: The number of ‘middle class’ Chinese residents (typically
the major market for cruise passengers) is projected to increase from 250 million in
2012 to over 600 million in 2020. The China Cruise and Yacht Industry Association
have projected the number of Chinese residents taking a cruise will exceed one million
in 2015. It is anticipated the Chinese market will be the fastest growing over the next
five years with residents taking local and international cruises. Chinese tourists like
wildlife, shopping and a clean environment.
Potential growth market
for the Gold Coast and
consider aligning with
Chinese tourism
experience demands.
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Gold Coast Cruise Ship Terminal Business Case
Techncial Report A – Industry Overview
Future Trend
Implications for the
Gold Coast
Growth in Australian Cruise Passengers: The increase in the number of
Australians taking cruises is expected to continue. ICCA projects that the number of
Australians taking a cruise could exceed one million by 2020, which represents annual
growth of approximately 5% per annum.
Future cruise demand for
the Gold Coast.
Growth in Australian Cruise Activity: After recording an increase of almost 30% in
2011-12, cruise ship visits to Australian ports are expected to increase by
approximately 95 visits (almost 13%) to an estimated 830 -840 in 2012-13. Growth is
projected to be primarily driven by the Eastern Seaboard capital cities of Sydney (+71
visits) and Brisbane (+30 visits).
Growth in future port
visits which Gold Coast
could attract.
Cruise Lines Entering Australian Market: Increased demand for cruising means
operators are now looking to base additional and larger ships in Australia during the
Australian summer. As cruise capacity continues to increase, Australia is witnessing a
trend towards local deployment of ships, rather than one-off port visits (a total of 16
large ships will be based locally for a minimum of four months by October 2012,
equating to a daily passenger capacity of 30,000 (ICCA).
Additional ships that Gold
Coast could attract.
Panama Canal Expansion: The expansion of the Panama Canal will double the
capacity of the Panama Canal by 2014 and allow larger ships to transit. This will make
it easier and cost effective for more ships to visit Australia and base in the region
during the Southern Hemisphere summer as they will no longer have to travel around
the bottom of South America.
Additional ships that Gold
Coast could attract.
Investment in Cruise Ships: Cruise lines throughout the world are investing in new
cruise ships. CLIA forecasts that 14 ships will be introduced to the market in 2012 with
a total of 17,984 beds. AMEM Communications estimates that there are 18 cruise ships
currently under construction or ordered globally that are expected to be completed
during 2013 and beyond (see Appendix C).
Additional ships that Gold
Coast could attract.
Larger Cruise Ships: The trend towards the construction of mega cruise ships and
smaller expedition style ships (with limited medium size ships between 500 – 2,000
passengers) is expected to continue. Of the 25 cruise ships currently under
construction or ordered globally, 13 have passenger capacities over 3,000. (see
Appendix C).
Need for Gold Coast
cruise terminal to have
capacity to accommodate
mega cruise ships.
Asian Cruises: The projected growth in the Chinese and Asian cruise market is
expected to result in more cruise itineraries visiting ports throughout Asia over the
next decade. This includes the likely growth and development of more Asian cruise
lines. As China is in the Northern Hemisphere, there will be opportunities for Chinese
cruise lines to bring their ships to Australia during their winter months and potentially
bring Chinese tourists to Australia.
Cruise itineraries
involving Gold Coast and
Asia.
Additional ships that Gold
Coast could attract.
Economic and Political Stability: Cruise lines are looking to expand into regions
that have a strong economy and are political stable to meet demand and reduce risks.
The strength of the Australian economy and cruise sector coupled with the economic
struggles in Europe and political instability in the Middle East/Africa may see more
ships sent to Australia.
Additional ships that Gold
Coast could attract.
Port Capacity Constraints: Major ports such as Sydney and Brisbane are currently
experiencing capacity constraints that are expected to increase into the future.
 Brisbane: Portside Cruise Terminal in Brisbane currently cannot service the large
cruise vessels such as RCI‘s Rhapsody of the Seas, Radiance of the Seas, and
Princess Cruises’ Diamond Princes. Portside Cruise Terminal is also only capable of
berthing one cruise ship at a time. The Fisherman‘s Island multi-user terminal is
used for larger ships though does not have dedicated cruise facilities.
 Sydney: The Sydney Harbour Bridge restricts the larger cruise ships from
accessing the western side of the harbour.
Gold Coast could
accommodate ‘overflow’
demand from Brisbane
and Sydney.
Investment in Australian Cruise Infrastructure: Tourism organisations, ports
and governments throughout Australia are continuing to investigate opportunities to
develop and upgrade cruise facilities. The last twelve months has seen the
announcement of several moves to increase capacity in the Australian cruise shipping
industry including:
 Sydney: A new $57 million cruise passenger terminal is to be built at White Bay to
cater for up to 170 ships per year. The new terminal is expected to become
operational by March 2013. In addition, in July 2012, the Commonwealth
Government announced Sydney’s Garden Island naval base will be shared with
cruise ships with three cruise ships guaranteed a berth over the next two years.
 Townsville: Construction work on the new cruise ship terminal has commenced.
The new ship terminal is expected to be fully operational by late 2013/ early 2014.
 Hobart: Construction of the $7 million Macquarie Wharf No.2 Upgrade project,
which includes a terminal for cruise ships, has commenced and is expected to be
operational by March 2013.
Increased competition
from other ports in
Australia.
Source: CDU, Individual Ports, AECgroup
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3.
Case Studies
The following cruise terminal developments have been identified as case studies for
recent projects that have impacted the cruise sector.
3.1
Regional Cruise Terminals
3.1.1
Cairns
The $13.6 million Cairns Cruise Liner Terminal was opened in November 2010. The
terminal includes a new check-in area and gangway, cafes and bus and taxi-drop off
zones. The terminal is able to accommodate two large cruise ships carrying up to 1,800
passengers at the same time. The terminal is also a multi-use building that can be used
for major functions and as an extension of the convention centre.
Cairns recorded 36 cruise ship visits in 2009-10 with total passenger days at port of
37,075. Following the opening of the terminal, Cairns recorded 44 visits in 2010-11 and
47 in 2011-12. This recorded average annual growth of 14.3%.
Cairns is a base port for smaller cruise ships with itineraries involving cruises to the Great
Barrier Reef, Top End and into Papua New Guinea. Cairns is also a transit port for
international cruise ships taking world cruises and Asia/ Pacific itineraries as well as
round trip cruises leaving from Brisbane and travelling up the Queensland coast.
Port North (2012) estimate the current annual maintenance dredging requirement of the
port is 320,000m3. To enable future growth plans of the Port of Cairns, which include
additional large vessels, will require a capital dredging task of over 5 million cubic meters
and an operational dredging task of approximately 580,000m 3 to dredge the outer
channel.
Implications for Gold Coast
The development of the new terminal has made Cairns an attractive destination for
smaller cruise ships. The development of the GCCST would greatly increase opportunities
to attract base ships.
Impediments with the port in Cairns have restricted the terminal from accommodating
some mega cruise ships, which are forced to berth at Yorkeys Knob. It is important that
the development of the GCCST have capacity and be in a location to accommodate mega
cruise ships.
3.1.2
Gothenburg
The Frimhamnen Terminal was opened in Gothenburg, Sweden in May 2009. The multiuse berth is located towards the centre of the city and is shared with other users. The
development included the provision of security facilities though did not include a
dedicated terminal building. The terminal is constrained with larger ships unable to fit
under the Älvsborg Bridge and are forced to dock at another location further away from
the CBD.
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Gothenburg recorded five cruise visits in 2002 and has recorded strong growth over the
last decade. The port recorded growth over the next couple of years before stabilising at
around 20 visits per year. Following the completion of the new cruise terminal, the
number of ship visits almost doubled in the next year and have continued to record
strong growth.
Figure 3.1: Number of Cruise Ship Visits to Gothenburg
70
60
Cruise Visits
50
40
30
20
10
0
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Source: Port of Gothenburg (2012)
Implications for Gold Coast
Gothenburg has a population of approximately 550,000, which is very similar to the
population of the Gold Coast. The Frimhamnen Terminal is targeted towards smaller
vessels with another location used for mega ships. The development of the terminal has
coincided with strong growth in the number of cruise ship visits.
Gothenburg is an example of how the development of a dedicated cruise terminal
building is not necessarily required to attract cruise vessels. Gothenburg has successfully
attracted more cruise ships by providing a location for cruise ships to berth that is close
to the CBD.
3.2
Major Cruise Terminals
3.2.1
Dubai
The Dubai Cruise Terminal opened in February 2010 and includes a 3,300sqm terminal
building with the capacity to handle two ocean-going cruise vessels or 7,000 passengers
simultaneously. The terminal replaced the original facility built in 2001. The port has both
turnaround and home port facilities and can berth up to 4 ships at one time up to a
length of 335 metres.
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In 2009, Dubai played a host to 87 cruise ships that brought 261,000 cruise tourists to
the country. The new terminal provided an immediate boost with Dubai hosting 120 ships
with more than 325,000 passengers in 2010. Since then, growth has slowed with Dubai
expected to receive 110 ships in 2012 though the ships are considerably larger, which
will result in passenger growth. These figures are set to rise over the coming years as the
Arabian Gulf becomes a more popular winter cruise destination.
Implications for Gold Coast
The Gold Coast has similarities with Dubai in that it is a popular tourism region with a
limited history in the cruising sector. Dubai is an example of how investment in cruising
terminals have attracted vessels and tourists.
Dubai has continually invested in its cruise facilities and worked closely with cruise lines
to ensure facilities are attractive to operators. It is a good example to the Gold Coast of
the value in working closely with the cruise industry in developing new infrastructure.
While the terminal has not attracted more cruise ships in the last two years, the size of
the terminal and increasing berthing lengths has allowed it to accommodate larger ships
with more passengers. It is important that the GCCST ultimately has the capacity to
accommodate mega cruise ships.
3.2.2
Hamburg
The Hamburg Cruise Centre Altona was opened in April 2011 and included 2,000sqm of
ground floor space, 20 bus spaces first floor and 300 motor vehicle spaces. The terminal
has a berth capable of accommodating ships up to 300m.
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Hamburg has recorded very strong growth in the number of cruise ship visits increasing
from 104 in 2010 to 161 expected in 2012. Cruise itineraries from Hamburg include
northern Europe, Scandinavia, Russia, Great Britain and the Baltics.
Implications for Gold Coast
Hamburg has been very successful in attracting more cruise ships as a result of the new
terminal and taking advantage of growth in the northern European market. The terminal
is an example of a practical building combined with modern architecture to complement
the existing public urban space.
3.2.3
Fort Lauderdale
The Cruise Terminal 18 in Fort Lauderdale, Florida was opened in November 2009. The
terminal was developed especially to be able to accommodate RCI's 5,400-passenger
Oasis of the Seas and Allure of the Seas ships, which are the largest cruise ships in the
world. The terminal comprises an area of 22,300sqm, with seating for 3,000 passengers
and separate embarkation and debarkation areas. The facility has more than 1,000
parking spaces within walking distance of the terminal.
An estimated 292,000 passengers passed through the terminal on the Oasis of the Seas
in 2010 with potential for the terminal to process over 1.2 million passengers in the
future.
Implications for Gold Coast
The development of the Cruise Terminal 18 is an example of a successful public/ private
partnership between Port Everglades and RCI worth over US$75 million. The project
resulted in a custom built facility that benefited RCI that has attracted hundreds of
thousands of tourists to Florida, with considerable economic benefits. A public/ private
partnership may not be as applicable for the Gold Coast as there is not a specific need for
a cruise company to accommodate new vessels with particular service characteristics.
However, the project can be seen as a good example to the Gold Coast of how the close
working relationship between Port Everglades and RCI resulted in mega ships basing in
the port.
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4.
Planning Context
There have been numerous planning strategies and documents prepared to facilitate
economic and tourism growth and development in Queensland and the Gold Coast region.
The following table provides an overview of key planning documents relevant to the
potential development of a cruise terminal in the Gold Coast.
Table 4.1: Planning Documents
Document
Description
Implications for the Study
Tourism 2020
Tourism 2020 is Australia's national
strategy to enhance growth and
competitiveness in the tourism industry.
The Strategy aims to increase total
tourism expenditure in Australia to
between $135 to $160 billion by 2020.
The Tourism 2020 Strategy has identified six
key strategies to achieve growth. Strategies
with implications for the cruise sector include:
 Grow demand from Asia; and
 Ensure tourism transport environment
supports growth.
Tourism Queensland
Strategic Plan 20122016
Tourism Queensland is the state tourism
organisation in Queensland and is
responsible for facilitating the promotion,
marketing and development of tourism to
and within Queensland. The Strategic
Plan outlines the key aims of the
organisation and how it plans to achieve
the goals of growing the tourism sector.
The Queensland Government has set a growth
target of $30 billion for the Queensland tourism
industry by 2020.
“Improved cruise capacity” is identified as one
of the key drivers that is required for the
growth potential of the Queensland tourism
industry to be achieved.
Gold Coast and
Destination Tourism
Strategy 2012 – 2016
The Destination Tourism Strategy
outlines a framework to guide tourism
industry development in the Gold Coast
and achieve a balance of economic,
social and environmental outcomes.
The Strategy outlines the importance of
developing innovative product and
infrastructure within the Gold Coast to facilitate
industry growth.
Gold Coast and
Hinterland Tourism
Opportunity Plan 2009 –
2018
The Gold Coast and Hinterland Tourism
Opportunity Plan was developed by the
Queensland Government, Tourism
Queensland and the Gold Coast Tourism
Corporation to provide a direction for the
sustainable development of tourism in
the Gold Coast region to 2018.
The plan identifies the need for new
investment in infrastructure that supports the
ongoing development of tourism to meet future
visitor expectations and demands. This includes
the need to improve gateways to the Gold
Coast and the importance of holiday seaport
infrastructure.
Gold Coast Economic
Development Strategy
2020
The Gold Coast Economic Development
Strategy 2020 outlines actions to
promote and facilitate the Gold Coast’s
sustainable economic development over
the long-term, achieving high levels of
growth without compromising the social,
cultural and environmental attributes of
the region.
The Economic Development Strategy
appreciates the importance of the tourism
sector to the Gold Coast economy, though
highlights the need to diversify the economy.
The Strategy identifies the need for physical
infrastructure (including seaports) to support
economic growth. The Strategy also outlines
the need to advocate for public and private
sector investment in key infrastructure.
Gold Coast City Council
Tourism Strategy
Gold Coast City Council Tourism Strategy
The Gold Coast City Council Tourism Strategy
identifies Marine Tourism as a growth market
for the tourism industry. One of the actions
identified to develop the industry includes
analysing the economic viability and tourism
outcomes of the construction of a cruise ship
terminal in the city.
Queensland Superyacht
Strategy 2008-2013
The Queensland Government developed
the Superyacht Strategy to promote
further growth in the marine industry.
The Gold Coast is identified as a key location
for the development of the super yacht sector.
The Strategy identifies the key objective of
facilitating world class marine infrastructure in
the Gold Coast to attract super yachts.
However, the strategy does not outline
potential synergies with the development of
cruise infrastructure.
outlines Council’s aim to grow and
promote the tourism industry through a
sophisticated approach to tourism
development that is ethically, socially,
culturally, economically and
environmentally sustainable.
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Document
Description
Implications for the Study
Queensland Mega and
Adventure/Expedition
Cruise Ship Market
Demand Study
A demand study assessing the growth
potential of the mega and expedition
cruise segments in order to inform
tourism and infrastructure policy
decisions.
The study identified impediments with existing
ports including Brisbane and Cairns that may
limit the growth potential of these ports.
Capacity constraints and the ability to service
larger vessels may make Cairns an attractive
destination.
Source: AECgroup
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5.
SWOT
The SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) analysis is a tool that can
be used to assess a region’s competitiveness and growth potential. The analysis identifies
'internal' (strengths and weaknesses) and 'external' (opportunities and threats) factors
for a region or industry. The SWOT analysis is commonly used in strategic planning
exercises and can identify how a region or industry is presently placed and what
opportunities and threats it may face in the future. The results of the SWOT analysis can
be used to inform future decision-making.
The figure below summaries the SWOT analysis for the potential GCCST development.
Figure 7.1: Gold Coast Cruise Terminal SWOT Analysis
Strengths

Tourism industry in Gold Coast is well
established.

Gold Coast boasts significant tourism
attractions and accommodation.

Gold Coast airport can facilitate
interstate and international passengers.

Climate suitable to attract ships to base
in the Gold Coast during the summer
and take cruises to Great Barrier Reef,
South Pacific and New Zealand.

Available site for development.

Political will and support for the facility.
Weaknesses
Opportunities

Proximity to the well established cruise
sector in Brisbane.

Cruise market in Australia is relatively
seasonal with activity during the
summer months.

Limited existing port infrastructure in
the Gold Coast to leverage.

Potential limitations in early years to
cater for Mega ships.

Community
opposition
due
environmental and social issues.

Ongoing dredging costs.
to
Threats

Cruise sector in Asia, Australia and
Queensland recording strong growth.

Market penetration of cruise industry in
Australia increasing.

Eastern Seaboard has a significant resident
population to draw passengers from.

Attract transit visits from cruises on
international itineraries and ships based in
Sydney on Australasian/South Pacific cruises.

Leverage opportunities created by Australia
being a popular Southern Hemisphere
summer destination.

Leverage global growth in cruise demand
including emerging Chinese market.

Develop a facility that is designed
accommodate mega cruise ships.

Leverage capacity constraints at Portside in
Brisbane.
to

Competition with Brisbane as proximity
means cruise ships unlikely to stop at
both ports.

Investment in cruise infrastructure in
ports such as Brisbane, Newcastle and
Sydney.

Cruise ships are highly mobile assets,
with operators having the power to
move ships out of Australia if demand
falls.

Unforeseen negative shocks to the
cruise industry impacting activity. Risk
of issues with potential project partners
such as developers.

Availability of government funding.
Source: AECgroup
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6.
Key Findings & Implications
6.1
Cruise Potential for Gold Coast
The cruise industry in Australia has recorded significant growth over the last decade and
has been one of the fastest growing tourism sectors in the country. The sector is
expected to continue to record strong growth into the future. The continued growth in the
local cruise sector is expected to create opportunities for cities such as the Gold Coast to
attract cruise ship visits.
China is expected to be the fastest growing cruise market over the next decade as the
population of ‘middle class’ increases rapidly and the cruise sector gets out of its infancy.
This will likely result in Chinese residents taking more cruises domestically as well as
throughout Asia and globally. The growth in the Chinese cruise sector may also create
opportunities for ships to visit Australia during the Northern Hemisphere winter, which
could allow the Gold Coast to attract more ships. There is potential for the Gold Coast to
consider the implications of the Chinese market when developing the cruise terminal and
leveraging assets such as wildlife parks, shopping, casino and clean environment, which
are key attractions for Chinese travellers.
The major ports of Sydney and Brisbane are projected to record the strongest demand
growth over the next few years though are experiencing capacity constraints in terms of
port and cruise infrastructure. The development of a the GCSST, capable of
accommodating mega cruise ships, has the potential to alleviate the capacity constraints
at other Australian ports. The inability of the Portside Cruise Terminal in Brisbane to
accommodate mega cruise ships represents an opportunity for the Gold Coast to attract
these vessels.
International cruise lines are investing in Australia due to the significant growth in the
local cruise industry, relatively strong economy and stability. They are bringing more
ships to Australian waters and are also basing them here both seasonally and
permanently. The expansion of the Panama Canal and the growth in Asian itineraries will
potentially increase the attractiveness and accessibility of Australia as a cruise
destination. There is also a major trend towards the construction of larger ships and
deployment of bigger ships to Australian waters. The Gold Coast has the potential to
work closely with these cruise lines to ensure any new facility meets their requirements
including being able to accommodate the larger ships that may visit into the future.
The Gold Coast is strategically located on the Eastern Seaboard of Australia, which
provides it with access to popular Australasian itineraries such as the Great Barrier Reef,
South Pacific and New Zealand. The Gold Coast is also likely to be attractive to
international itineraries such as world and Asia/Pacific cruises.
The development of port and cruise infrastructure is critical to attracting cruise ship
visits. There are numerous recent examples of international ports that have developed
cruise terminals and attracted more cruise ship visits. These terminals have generally
provided the necessary capacity to accommodate mega cruise ships.
6.2
Alignment with Government Policy
The various economic and tourism planning strategies prepared for Queensland and the
Gold Coast all highlight the importance of tourism to the state and regional economy and
the importance of continuing to develop infrastructure to facilitate growth. This includes
the development of gateway infrastructure (such as seaports) to increase the capacity of
transport networks and facilitate international and domestic visitation.
The Tourism Queensland Strategic Plan 2012-2016 identifies the cruise sector as a key
segment for achieving tourism growth in the state. However, the various state plans do
not include any recommendations for the development of a cruise terminal at the Gold
Coast, which may reduce the likelihood of attracting State Government funding support
for a development in the short term, without stated State Government support.
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The Commonwealth Government’s Tourism 2020 Strategy sets ambitious targets for
tourism expenditure growth by 2020. While, there is no specific mention of the need for
cruise infrastructure, ensuring there is a tourism transport environment to support
growth is a key strategy.
The potential development of the GCCST is supported by the Gold Coast City Council
Tourism Strategy that recommended the economic viability and tourism outcomes of the
construction of a cruise ship terminal in the city be examined. The Gold Coast Economic
Development Strategy 2020 appreciates the importance of the tourism sector to the Gold
Coast economy and highlights the need to diversify the economy. While cruise shipping is
part of the tourism sector, it would represent a new component of the industry. However,
the Gold Coast Economic Development Strategy 2020 does not mention the cruise sector.
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References
AMEM Communication (2012). Cruise Ships On Order 2009-2018 – 80th Revision.
Accessed on 15 October 2012 from www.amem.at
CDU (2012). Economic Impact of the Cruise Shipping Industry in Australia, 2011-12.
Prepared by AECgroup.
CLIA (2012). 2012 Cruise Industry Update. Accessed on 15 October 2012 from
www.cruising.org
Carnival (2012). The economic contribution of the cruise sector to Australia. Prepared by
Deloitte Access Economics. Accessed on 15 October 2012 from www.deloitte.com
Gold Coast City Council (2010). Gold Coast Economic Development Strategy. Accessed on
15 October 2012 from www.goldcoast.qld.gov.au
Gold Coast City Council (2010). Gold Coast City Council Tourism Strategy. Accessed on
15 October 2012 from www.goldcoast.qld.gov.au
ICCA (2012). Cruise Industry Report Australia 2011. Accessed on 15 October 2012 from
www.cruising.org.au
Ports North (2012). Cairns Shipping Development Project - Initial Advice Statement.
Accessed on 15 October 2012 from www.portsnorth.com.au
Queensland Government (2008). Queensland Superyacht Strategy 2008-2013. Accessed
on 15 October 2012 from www.industry.qld.gov.au
Queensland Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation (2010).
Queensland Mega and Adventure/Expedition Cruise Ship Market Demand Study.
Prepared by Doyle Tourism Services and AECgroup. Accessed on 15 October 2012
from www.business.qld.gov.au
Sydney Ports (2010). White Bay Cruise Terminal – Environmental Assessment Report.
Prepared by JBA Planning. Accessed on 15 October 2012 from
www.sydneyports.com.au
Tourism Queensland (2012). Tourism Queensland Strategic Plan 2012-2016. Accessed on
15 October 2012 from www.tq.com.au
Tourism Queensland (2012). Gold Coast and Hinterland Tourism Opportunity Plan 2009 –
2018. Accessed on 15 October 2012 from www.tq.com.au
Tourism Queensland (2012). Gold Coast and Destination Tourism Strategy 2012 – 2016.
Accessed on 15 October 2012 from www.tq.com.au
Tourism Queensland (2012). Queensland Tourism Cruise Forum 2012 Presentation.
Accessed on 15 October 2012 from www.tq.com.au
Tourism Queensland (2012). Queensland Cruise Ship Passenger Survey Report, 2012.
Prepared by AECgroup.
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Appendix A: Cruise Ships in Australia
Table A.1: Cruise Ships Visiting Australian Ports, 2011-12
Cruise Ship
Cruise Line
Length (m)
Tonnage
Passenger
Crew
Albatros
Phoenix Reisen
185
24,724
940
330
Amadea
Phoenix Reisen
193
29,000
600
280
Amsterdam
Holland America
238
61,000
1,380
600
Arcadia
P&O Cruises
290
86,799
1,952
976
Classic International Cruises
160
16,144
439
238
Aurora
P&O Cruises
270
76,000
1,870
850
Black Watch
Fred Olsen Cruise Lines
205
28,492
897
330
Transocean Tours
144
14,000
420
170
Celebrity Cruises
248
71,545
1,808
843
Costa Cruises
294
92,700
2,828
1,100
Crystal Cruises
250
68,000
1,080
655
Princess Cruises
261
77,000
1,950
925
Princess Cruises
290
113,000
2,600
1,238
Discovery
Voyages of Discovery
169
21,186
710
350
Europa
Hapag Lloyd Cruises
197
28,437
408
264
Kapitan Khlebnikov
Quark Expeditions
132
12,288
114
70
L'Austral
Ponant Cruises
142
10,700
264
136
Ocean Princess
Princess Cruises
181
30,277
826
373
Oriana
P&O Cruises
260
69,153
1,822
794
Orion Expedition Cruises
103
4,050
104
70
Pacific Dawn(a)
P&O Cruises
245
70,000
2,050
696
Pacific Jewel(a)
P&O Cruises
245
70,285
2,014
621
(a)
P&O Cruises
247
63,500
1,800
514
Princess Cruises
181
30,277
686
373
P&O Cruises
223
47,000
1,896
670
Pacific Venus
Japan Cruise Line
183
26,518
720
180
Princess Danae
Classic International Cruises
162
17,074
560
240
Queen Elizabeth
Cunard
294
90,900
2,547
996
Cunard
345
151,400
3,090
1,253
Royal Caribbean
293
90,090
2,502
859
Oceania Cruises
181
30,277
824
386
Royal Caribbean
279
78,491
2,435
765
Saga
191
24,492
655
380
Athena
(b)
C Columbus
Celebrity Century
(b)
Costa Deliziosa
Crystal Serenity
(a)
Dawn Princess
Diamond Princess
Orion
(b)
(a)
Pacific Pearl
Pacific Princess
Pacific Sun
(a)
Queen Mary 2
(b)
Radiance of the Seas
(b)
Regatta
Rhapsody of the Seas
(b)
Saga Ruby
Sea Princess
(b)
Princess Cruises
261
77,000
1,950
900
Seabourn Odyssey
Seabourn Cruise Lines
200
32,000
450
335
Seven Seas Voyager
Regent Seven Seas Cruises
204
42,363
700
447
Silver Shadow
Silversea Cruises
186
28,258
388
295
Spirit of Adventure
Saga Cruises
140
9,570
462
180
Princess Cruises
270
77,000
1,950
850
ResidenSea
196
43,188
500
250
Holland America
238
63,000
1,440
600
Holland America
238
61,396
1,432
615
42
9,214
2,158,574
54,063
22,997
42
9,068
2,055,973
49,254
21,786
0.0%
1.6%
5.0%
9.8%
5.6%
Sun Princess
(b)
The World
Volendam
(b)
Zaandam
2011-12 Total (42)
2010-11 Total (42)
% growth in 2011-12
Note: (a) Vessels based in Australia. (b) Seasonally based ships. Some totals may not add up due to rounding issues.
Source: Various industry sources
20
Gold Coast Cruise Ship Terminal Business Case
Techncial Report A – Industry Overview
Table A.2: Cruise Ships Visiting Australian Ports, 2004-05 to 2011-12
Cruise Ships
Length
Tonnage
Passenger Capacity
Crew
Number
Visits to
Ports
Total
Average
Total
Average
Total
Average
Total
Average
2004-05
23
325
4,764
207
945,989
41,130
23,892
1,039
11,123
484
2005-06
27
415
5,332
197
1,024,653
37,950
25,044
928
11,865
439
2006-07
35
420
6,628
189
1,238,506
35,386
30,655
876
14,297
408
2007-08
36
468
7,422
206
1,534,874
42,635
39,212
1,089
18,095
503
2008-09
38
521
7,904
208
1,764,384
46,431
40,865
1,075
19,188
505
2009-10
34
582
7,440
219
1,744,433
51,307
41,803
1,230
18,335
539
2010-11
42
573
9,068
216
2,055,973
48,952
49,254
1,173
21,786
519
2011-12
42
736
9,214
219
2,158,574
51,395
54,063
1,287
22,997
548
% Change 2010-11/2011-12
0.0%
28.4%
1.6%
1.6%
5.0%
5.0%
9.8%
9.8%
5.6%
5.6%
% Change 2004-05/2011-12 (avg ann.)
9.0%
12.4%
9.9%
0.8%
12.5%
3.2%
12.4%
3.1%
10.9%
1.8%
Year
Source: Various industry sources
21
Gold Coast Cruise Ship Terminal Business Case
Techncial Report A – Industry Overview
Appendix B: Australian Port Visits
Table B.1: Number of Cruise Ship Visits to Australian Ports
Port
2010-11
2011-12
Actual Change
% Change
NSW:
Eden
5
2
-3
-60.0%
13
12
-1
-7.7%
Sydney Harbour
151
197
46
30.5%
Total
169
211
42
24.9%
Newcastle
VICTORIA:
Geelong
Melbourne
Phillip Island
2
2
0
0.0%
36
56
20
55.6%
1
0
-1
-100.0%
39
58
19
48.7%
Brisbane
74
101
27
36.5%
Cairns/Yorkeys Knob
44
47
3
6.8%
4
1
-3
-75.0%
Mackay/Whitsundays*
41
47
6
14.6%
Port Douglas
19
25
6
31.6%
Total
QUEENSLAND:
Cooktown
Thursday Island
4
8
4
100.0%
Townsville
7
10
3
42.9%
193
239
46
23.8%
Adelaide
12
18
6
50.0%
Kingscote
2
0
-2
-100.0%
Penneshaw
0
1
1
N.a
2
3
1
50.0%
16
22
6
37.5%
Total
SOUTH AUSTRALIA:
Port Lincoln
Total
WESTERN AUSTRALIA:
Albany
8
8
0
0.0%
Broome
14
22
8
57.1%
Bunbury
7
3
-4
-57.1%
Esperance
3
4
1
33.3%
Exmouth
3
7
4
133.3%
Fremantle
29
40
11
37.9%
Geraldton
4
16
12
300.0%
Port Hedland
Total
0
2
2
N.a
68
102
34
50.0%
11
17
6
54.5%
0
1
1
N.a
26
29
3
11.5%
0
2
2
N.a
TASMANIA:
Burnie
Devonport
Hobart
Launceston
Port Arthur
Total
3
8
5
166.7%
40
57
17
42.5%
22
Gold Coast Cruise Ship Terminal Business Case
Techncial Report A – Industry Overview
Port
2010-11
2011-12
Actual Change
% Change
Darwin
46
43
-3
-6.5%
Total
46
43
-3
-6.5%
Norfolk Island
2
4
2
100.0%
Total
2
4
2
100.0%
573
736
163
28.4%
NORTHERN TERRITORY:
OTHER TERRITORIES:
Total
Note: * Includes Hamilton Island. Note: Some totals may not add up due to rounding issues.
Source: CDU, Individual Ports, AECgroup
23
Gold Coast Cruise Ship Terminal Business Case
Techncial Report A – Industry Overview
Appendix C: Cruise Ships Under
Construction/Ordered
Table C.1: Cruise Ships Under Construction/Ordered
Ship Name
Cruise Line
GT
Capacity
Completion
Price
($us)
Disney Fantasy
Disney Cruise Line
Riviera
Oceania Cruises
128,000
2,500
2012
$899
65,000
1,260
2012
AIDAmar
Aida Cruises
$530
71,300
2,192
2012
Carnival Breeze
$417
Carnival
130,000
3,690
2012
$738
MSC Divina
MSC Cruises
140,000
3,502
2012
$742
Celebrity Reflection
Celebrity Cruises
122,000
2,850
2012
$768
Costa Fascinosa
Costa Cociere
114,500
3,012
2012
$726
MSC Preziosa
MSC Cruises
139,400
3,500
2013
$500
Utopia
Utopia Cruise Residences
105,000
2,013
2013
$1,100
Royal Princess
Princess Cruises
139,000
3,600
2013
$735
Norwegian Breakaway
NCL
143,500
4,000
2013
$840
Europa 2
Hapag Lloyd Cruises
39,500
516
2013
$360
AIDAstella
Aida Cruises
71,300
2,192
2013
$420
Le Soleal
CIP/Ponant Cruises
10,700
264
2013
$150
Regal Princess
Princess Cruises
139,000
3,600
2014
$735
Norwegian Getaway
NCL
143,500
4,000
2014
$840
Project Sunshine
RCCL
158,000
4,100
2014
$1,030
Blue Motion
TUI Cruises
97,000
2,500
2014
$515
Costa Unknown
Costa Cociere
132,500
3,700/4,928
2014
$780
Unamed
P&O Cruises
141,000
3,611
2015
$807
Project Sunshine
RCCL
158,000
4,100
2015
$1,030
New Generation Clubship
Aida Cruises
125,000
3,250
2016
$650
Unamed
Viking Ocean Cruises
47,000
944
2016
$400
Titanic
Blue Star Line
N/a
1,600
2016
N/a
Xiamen China
Xiamen International Cruises
100,000
2,000
2018
$490
Source: AMEM Communication (2012)
24
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