Logistics Centered Talent: A
Perspective on Supply and
Demand
Final Report
PREPARED FOR
OFFICE OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
BOARD OF REGENTS
UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA
270 WASHINGTON STREET, S.W.
ATLANTA, GA 30334
PREPARED BY
GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
CITY PLANNING PROGRAM AND
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE
760 SPRING STREET, NW
ATLANTA, GEORGIA 30332
AUTHORS
William J. Drummond
Jan L. Youtie
Nancy Nolan
June 2005
Copyright © 2005
All Rights Reserved
Georgia Tech Research Corporation
Atlanta, Georgia 30332
Table of Contents
Executive Summary ......................................................................................... v
Summary of Findings ...................................................................................v
Top Recommendations............................................................................... vi
Acknowledgements .........................................................................................vii
Introduction .......................................................................................................1
Definition of Logistics ...................................................................................1
History and Approach ..................................................................................2
Objective.......................................................................................................2
Method and Report Organization ................................................................3
Logistics and Georgia’s Competitive Position .................................................4
Infrastructure.................................................................................................4
Population and Geography..........................................................................4
Employment and Competitive Advantage ..................................................6
Summary ......................................................................................................9
Logistics Firms and Demand for Knowledge Workers in Georgia................10
Measuring Current Demand ......................................................................10
Occupational Category ..............................................................................11
Educational Level and Major Area ............................................................11
Experience..................................................................................................13
Summary ....................................................................................................15
Supply of Logistics Graduates .......................................................................16
What is a Logistics Instructional Program.................................................16
Top U.S. Logistics Programs.....................................................................18
Georgia’s Relative Position........................................................................19
Summary ....................................................................................................24
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Future Demand, Graduates, and Shortfalls...................................................26
What are Logistics Occupations................................................................26
Long-Term Demand...................................................................................28
Shortfall Analysis ........................................................................................30
Recommendations .........................................................................................32
Grow High-end Logistics Jobs...................................................................32
Leverage Georgia’s Technical Strengths..................................................32
Strengthen Business Offerings..................................................................33
Promote Interdisciplinary Specialization ...................................................34
Maintain Computing Competency.............................................................34
Evaluate the Need for a Maritime Program Resource .............................34
Evaluate Technician Offerings...................................................................35
Promote Opportunities to Gain Industry Experience................................35
Conclusion..................................................................................................35
References......................................................................................................36
Appendices .....................................................................................................37
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Tables in the Report
Table 2.1. Current and Projected Employment in Core Logistics
Occupations: ...........................................................................7
Table 3.1. Engineering, Information Technology, and Business-related Academic
Specialization Requirements Appear in 40 percent of Logistics-related Job
Advertisements .....................................................................13
Table 4.1. Core and Related Academic Majors .........................17
Table 4.2. Georgia Institutions with Core Logistics Instruction
Program and .........................................................................21
Table 4.3. Georgia is Specialized in Engineering, Under-represented in
Business................................................................................23
Table 5.1. Core and Related Logistics Occupations and Type of Educational
Requirement..........................................................................27
Table 5.2. Annual Openings, Graduates, and Shortfall in Core and Related Logistics
Occupations ..........................................................................31
Table 6.1. Maritime Academies in the United States.................34
Appendix 1. Definitions of Logistics and Supply Chain Management Elicited from
Google ...................................................................................38
Appendix 2. Selected Companies in Georgia with Advertised Logistics-related Positions
Requiring Some Postsecondary Education ........................41
Appendix 3. Titles of Advertised Logistics-related Positions Requiring Some
Postsecondary Education.....................................................44
Appendix 4. Large U.S. Logistics Programs by Number of Graduates (Completions) in
2003 (programs with at least 25 graduates in core
CIPs)......................................................................................52
Appendix 5. Results of Qualitative Interviews ............................60
Figures in the Report
Figure 1.1 2000-2005 New Population within 750 Miles in Thousands of
Persons.. .................................................................................5
Figure 1.2 2000-2005 Projected Population Growth....................5
Figure 3.1. Nearly Half of the Logistics Related Job Openings Involve Business
Functions...............................................................................11
Figure 3.2. Half of All Logistics Openings Require a Bachelors
Degree…...............................................................................12
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Figure 2.4. Experience Requirements in College-Level Logistics-Related Job
Advertisements .....................................................................14
Figure 2.5. Experience Requirements in Logistics Job Advertisements by Type of
Job …………………………………………………...………14
Figure 4.1. Most Large Logistics Programs are Located in the Eastern United
States…………………………………………………………19
Figure 4.2. Most Large Logistics Programs are in North and
Central Georgia…….............................................................20
Figure 4.3. Georgia Institutions with Core Logistics Instruction Programs
........ ………………………………………………………….21
Figure 4.4. Location Quotients Show That Georgia Has an Advantage in the Core
Engineering, Core Business, and Related IT Logistics
Fields ........................................................ ………………….24
Figure 5.1. Annual Openings in Core Logistics Occupations:
2002-2012…………..............................................................29
Figure 5.2. Annual Openings in Related Logistics Occupations:
2002-2012………..................................................................29
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Executive Summary
The Intellectual Capital Partnership Program (ICAPP) of the University System of
Georgia (USG) asked Georgia Tech to investigate the extent to which current or
future needs of the logistics industry can be enhanced by the type or level of talent
coming out of the state’s higher educational system. We define logistics has the
management of the physical movements of materials, goods, and services.
Summary of Findings
More than 8.3 million employees worked in core logistics industries (wholesale
and transportation sectors) in the U.S. and 263,000 in Georgia. Logistics
comprised 6 percent of the workforce in both the national and the state. Core
logistics industries are projected to add a further 12 percent nationally and 17
percent in Georgia by 2012.
Related industries in the business services sector accounted for 4.7 million U.S.
workers and 150,000 Georgia workers in 2002. Taking core wholesale and
transportation together with related service sector employment, we estimate that
there will be nearly half a million logistics workers in Georgia by 2012 that will
account for 10 percent of the state’s workforce.
The state is somewhat more specialized in logistics than the nation but not
substantially so. Georgia is projected to be rather more competitive than the
nation in its ability to add logistics jobs through 2012.
Georgia is the only state located that is most proximate to new population
projected for 2025 and nearest the fast-growing South Florida region.
Current job openings in logistics that require some college education encompass
business, engineering, and computing/information technology (IT). These
positions tend to have a more substantial experience requirement than we have
seen in other fields.
Georgia graduated nearly 700 students in core logistics concentration areas in
2003. Seventeen higher educational institutions in Georgia had programs to
produce these graduates, although only five demonstrated the capacity to turn out
at least 25 graduates per year. The state has a distinctive concentration of
engineering graduates, which account for three-quarters of the supply. Georgia
appears rather weak in business specializations such as logistics and materials
management.
Projections of long-term demand for logistics workers estimate that Georgia will
need 1,100 workers annually in core logistics occupations and 12,170 workers
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
PAGE V
annually in related logistics occupations through 2012. Nearly half of these
occupations have experience requirements.
When comparing long-term demand to supply of graduates, we did not see many
occupations with many shortfalls. Only one core occupation, Purchasing
Managers, exhibited a shortfall (of more than 70 unfilled positions annually).
There are more potential shortfalls evident in related IT and financial occupations.
Even though there were no overt areas of shortfall, we emphasize that Georgia’s
output may not be sufficient as the state moves forward with its efforts to develop
a logistics cluster.
Top Recommendations
Strengthen the state’s business offerings in logistics and supply chain
management. Selected programs with existing capabilities should be further
developed into world class business supply chain management and steps should
be taken to ensure that the field is explicitly incorporated into all business
programs. Attention should be paid to having undergraduate, masters, and
doctoral level capabilities in business-based logistics in the state. If Georgia wants
to have a world-class logistics cluster, the state needs programs ranked among
the top institutions in the logistics/supply chain management area.
Leverage Georgia’s strengths in engineering and maintain current IT capacity.
Encourage interdisciplinary programming to capitalize on the interrelationship that
the logistics field demarcates among business, engineering, and IT.
Incorporate opportunities for students to gain industry experience through the
following: internships, coops/part-time jobs, student projects, seminar programs,
formal partnerships, involvement of students and business leadership in curricula
design, and adjunct positions provided for industry executives.
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Acknowledgements
The project team gratefully acknowledges the helpful support received from the
University System of Georgia. We thank Joy Hymel, Executive Director, Office of
Economic Development, for her assistance with data acquisition and conceptual ideas
regarding the place of logistics in the university system’s economic development
horizon. Final responsibility for the analyses and conclusions contained in this report
rests with the authors.
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Chapter
1
Introduction
During the past three years, the Governor and his staff have focused on identifying
industry clusters that will serve to keep Georgia competitive and innovative. The Logistics
industry has been identified by the Governor’s Commission for a New Georgia as one of
the top six strategic industry clusters and is targeted for further growth within the state. The
Harvard Business School 2001 Clusters of Innovation study cited the metro Atlanta’s
logistics cluster as one of the strongest in the nation with high growth and employment
potential. Savannah, Georgia and the Georgia Ports Authority are also cited as being one
of the fastest growing ports in the nation. Georgia’s attractiveness for logistics functions
has been recognized recently by Expansion Management magazine, with Georgia ranking
number one as both “top state for logistics” and for its “logistics industry climate.” To
enhance this, the state of Georgia has invested in a number of Centers of Innovation
throughout the state also focused on logistics: Maritime Logistics Center in Savannah, and
the Middle Georgia Innovation Center for Life-Cycle Support in Macon.
Given the importance of the logistics industry to the state’s economic development
strategy, the Intellectual Capital Partnership Program (ICAPP) of the University System of
Georgia (USG) is interested to understand the extent to which there may be current or
future logistics industry needs that are unmet by the type or level of talent coming out of
the state’s higher educational system. It is this concern that we address in this report.
Definition of Logistics
Logistics is sometimes thought of as concerning the movement of materials from
unfinished raw sources to intermediate to finished goods. The definition of logistics is
sometimes perceived as coming from the perspective of a single firm and its immediate
customers. The broader term supply chain management is deemed to take into account
more than just the manufacturer and its immediate customers. It considers the whole
supply chain from raw materials to end user, encompassing vendors, customers, carriers,
facilitators, distributors, and other intermediaries. In practicality, the two terms are often
used interchangeably.
One important element in the definition of logistics (or supply chain management) is that
the term is not associated solely with the physical movement of goods. It also more
specifically concerns the management of this movement. Various definitions speak of
this element as planning, tracking, organization, controlling, cost-estimating, designing,
modeling, analyzing, coordinating, collaborating, integrating, and executing. For all intents
and purposes, most agree that logistics is a science learned through education in addition
to being an art acquired through on-the-job experience. (See Appendix 1 for a list of
definitions of logistics and supply chain management.)
Logistics does not appear in any standardized definitions of industries or occupations. This
is because it is a cross-cutting function or importance to virtually all industries. To address
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
PAGE 1
the challenge of identifying a logistics industry, occupation, or academic program, we have
defined two types of components:
Core: any academic program, occupational classification, or industrial classification that is most closely
related to the logistics cluster
Related: any academic program, occupational classification, or industrial classification that is important
to the logistics cluster but for the most part feeds other industries in addition to logistics.
History and Approach
The University System of Georgia has partnered with Georgia Tech since 1997 to develop
a systematic methodology for assessing the supply of graduates relative to the projected
demand for these graduates in the workplace. Previous studies have assessed demand
for employees in various occupations at the national, state, and substate regional levels.
We have also assembled information on the supply of graduates from both public and
private postsecondary institutions in Georgia. We have broadly measured shortfalls across
a range of occupations requiring some college education. These studies have pioneered
methods for tracking and estimating intra- and inter-state migration of university graduates
as they move from their school environment to taking their first job based on the
acquisition of matched graduate data from the Georgia Department of Labor. In addition,
we have focused on the talent needs of particular occupations such as those related to
bioscience. Previous studies also have measured the value of higher education based on
a new education-related measurement approach. (Drummond and Youtie 1997,
Drummond and Youtie 1999, Drummond and Youtie 2001, Drummond and Youtie 2003a,
Drummond and Youtie 2003b) This knowledge is drawn upon to address the unique
challenge of measuring talent needs in the logistics industry.
Objective
The primary aim of this project is to assess current and future needs for educational
programs to serve knowledge workers in the logistics industry. More specifically, the
objectives are to
Understand the workforce development needs of the Logistics industry in Georgia
Determinate what jobs, current and future, are involved in this industry
Assess the current strengths and weaknesses of USG academic programs that serve
to provide the necessary workforce for this industry
Create economic development in Georgia as it relates to the logistics industry
Make recommendations that address the workforce needs of the logistics industry
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Method and Report Organization
Logistics Industry Overview
The logistics industry analysis is designed to assess the size of the industry and Georgia’s
competitive position relative to the nation. We utilize employment data from the U.S.
Bureau of Labor Statistics and Georgia Department of Labor to gauge the size of the
logistics industry, its share of total employment in the U.S. and Georgia, projected growth
to 2012, and competitive position of Georgia relative to the nation. Chapter 2 presents the
results of this analysis.
Current Demand
Web sites of logistics companies and other sources are reviewed and data on job
advertisements and their characteristics considered. Type of job, experience
requirements, certifications, and particularly educational requirements are analyzed and
presented in Chapter 3.
Academic Supply
Graduates of postsecondary institution specializations in Georgia and across the nation
have been probed to assess where Georgia’s educational strengths and weaknesses in
logistics programs. Chapter 4 presents this information for graduates of public and private
institutions in 2003 which we obtained from the Integrated Postsecondary Educational
Dataset (IPEDS) of the National Center of Educational Statistics (NCES).
Projected Demand and Shortfall Analysis
Occupational employment projections in the 2002-to-2012 time period are matched with
postsecondary institution graduate specializations to identify significant areas of unmet
need or shortfalls in Georgia. Results are depicted in Chapter 5.
Recommendations
We conducted more than a dozen interviews with logistics company executives, academic
professionals, and managers of state transportation infrastructure. These interviews along
with the results of the above analyses are presented in Chapter 6.
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
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Chapter
2
Logistics and Georgia’s Competitive Position
The logistics function is propelled by strategic, technological, and population
considerations. First at the firm level, the U.S. economy has been dramatically affected by
business strategies that focus on “core competencies” (such as manufacturing goods or
retailing) and outsource non-core functions. For a growing number of firms, distribution is
such a non-core function. This shift of functions from the inside of firm to external sources
has given rise to an expanding cluster of industries that fulfill the management of the
logistics function in areas such as transportation routing, inventory management, and justin-time delivery. Second, the use of Internet and other electronic commerce technologies
by consumers and businesses stimulates the demand for more warehousing,
transportation, and logistics services. Third, population growth in and of itself feeds the
demand for these services. Although the logistics industry is becoming more productive, it
is not predicted achieve productivity gains at as rapid a pace as the demand for logistics
will grow. As a result, more workers will be necessary to maintain the increasing level of
output. (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2004).
These factors suggest that logistics is an important growth industry. This chapter
addresses various factors that bear on Georgia’s competitive position in this sector.
Infrastructure
Why is logistics so important to Georgia? One reason is infrastructure. Georgia offers
capabilities along the multi dimensional elements of land, air, and sea. Georgia’s interstate
and road system connects the state with the rest of the nation in all directions.
Hartsfield/Jackson Atlanta International Airport is a world leader in passenger and cargo
transportation. The port of Savannah is the fifth largest container port in the United States.
Georgia’s infrastructure not only provides an advantage for logistics growth in Georgia but
serves to connect Georgia companies to resources and business around the world.
Population and Geography
A second reason is geography and population. The state is uniquely proximate to new
population growth, which often drives logistics activity. Figure 1.1 is a thematic map of the
number of new people projected to be within 750 miles of a county centroid by 2025. This
map is a measure of how accessible a particular county is to future population centers.
Counties that are most accessible to future population centers are colored dark blue, and
those least accessible are colored yellow. The most accessible area is an oval that
comprises the non-coast southeast, including the northern half of Georgia and Alabama
and the state of Tennessee. The only major metropolitan area (of more than two million in
population) in this oval is Atlanta. Georgia is also located near one of the fastest
population growth clusters in the nation in south Florida. (See Figure 1.2.) It is the only
state in the oval with closest accessibility to this fast growing Florida region.
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Figure 1.1 2000-2005 New Population within 750 Miles in Thousands of Persons
Figure 1.2 2000-2005 Projected Population Growth
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
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Employment and Competitive Advantage
A third reason is the attractiveness of the logistics industry itself. Logistics is a growing and
important function. However it is not an industry segment in the way one thinks of say the
automobile industry. It is in essence a cross-cutting function that involves almost every
industry—manufacturing, wholesale, retail, services. It may be more appropriate to
perceive logistics as an emerging cluster rather than an established industry.
Information about employment is primarily available based on established classification
systems. There is really no clear logistics industry. Warehousing transportation is most
commonly associated with logistics. But so is manufacturing. Moreover, the classification
systems do not distinguish between the physical movement of goods and services and the
management of this movement. One reason is because many firms do both. UPS is a
logistics firm which physically moves goods but also directs the management of this
movement. A second reason is that so many sectors are engaged in logistics. Third, many
of the logistics management functions are actually embedded in large business service
sectors. For example, when we put the term “logistics” into the North American Industrial
Classification System (NAICS) search engine, we come up with “logistics management
consulting services” which is a subcategory of management, scientific, and technical
consulting services.
We can define a “core” element of the logistics industry based on the wholesale and
transportation sectors. Selected business services might be viewed as a “related”
grouping because certain subindustries within these business service classifications are
important to the logistics cluster and at the same time comprise other unrelated
enterprises as well.
More than 8.3 million employees worked in core logistics industries in the U.S. in 2002.
Another million workers are projected for 2012 in these wholesale and transportation
sectors. Georgia had about 263,000 workers in core logistics industries in 2002. The
state’s core logistics sector will be well over 300,000 by 2012 as a further 43,500 are
added. Based on this level of wholesale and transportation sector workers, logistics
comprises 6 percent of the workforce.
Related industries in the business services sector accounted for 4.7 million U.S. workers
and 150,000 Georgia workers in 2002. These service sectors are expected to add
employees at twice the rate of the core wholesale and transportation sectors. Taking core
wholesale and transportation together with related service sector employment, we
estimate that there will be nearly half a million logistics workers in Georgia by 2012 (and
15.6 million nationally). This means that logistics will make up 9 percent of the national
workforce and 10 percent of employees in Georgia.
These percentages show that the state is about even with the nation in its concentration of
logistics employment. To further explore Georgia’s competitive advantage relative to the
nation, we have calculated location quotients. An LQ is a statistic that measures the
relative concentration of a given industry in a given place. It is calculated by dividing the
proportion of the area’s activity in a category by the proportion of the nation’s activity, in
that same category. The formula is shown in Box 1.)
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Table 2.1. Current and Projected Employment in Core Logistics Occupations:
Georgia and the U.S.
U.S. Employment
GA Employment
NAICS Description
Core Industries
4231 Motor vehicle mcht. wholes.
4232 Furniture mcht. wholes.
4233 Lumber, construction mcht.
wholes.
4234 Commercial equipment mcht.
wholes.
4235 Metal, mineral mcht. wholes.
4236 Electrical, electronic goods
mcht. wholes.
4237 Hardware, plumbing, heating
equip. mcht. wholes.
4238 Machinery, equipment,
supplies mcht. wholes.
4239 Misc. durable goods mcht.
wholes.
4241 Paper mcht. wholes.
4242 Drugs mcht. wholes.
4243 Apparel mcht. wholes.
4244 Grocery product wholesalers
4245 Farm product mcht. wholes.
4246 Chemical mcht. wholes.
4247 Petroleum mcht. wholes.
4248 Alcoholic beverage mcht.
wholes.
4249 Misc. nondurable goods
mcht. wholes.
4251 Wholesale electronic
markets, agents, brokers
4811 Scheduled Air Transportation
4812 Nonscheduled Air
Transportation
4821 Rail Transportation
4831 Deep Sea, Coastal, G.L.
Water Transportation
4832 Inland Water Transportation
4841 General Freight Trucking
4842 Specialized Freight Trucking
4860 Pipeline Transportation
4881 Support Activities for Air
Transportation
4883 Support Activities for Water
Transportation
4884 Support Activities for Road
Transportation
4885 Freight Transportation
Arrangement
2002
2002-12
345,500
107,900
225,100
47,300
18,300
44,600
659,400
130,300
125,900
367,200
20,700
83,000
233,200
33,400
675,700
2002
2002-12
5,215
10,775
736
2,934
2,994
12,975
100
2,080
48,100
21,892
4,008
267,200
31,500
6,323
1,179
159,900
212,500
150,100
676,000
75,200
133,100
111,400
132,700
15,800
38,900
9,700
48,800
(18,500)
14,000
(34,400)
5,400
6,420
5,612
4,585
21,015
1,638
6,005
3,116
2,982
1,014
967
799
5,197
(377)
773
(473)
68
364,300
29,000
9,439
1,946
618,800
72,300
35,896
767
515,900
43,400
48,000
18,900
39,886
592
8,735
318
218,100
31,700
(21,200)
400
6,600
197
(1,062)
24
19,900
956,900
382,300
41,500
140,600
(1,800)
199,300
75,500
20,400
35,524
10,409
289
3,274
8,657
2,666
(72)
394
95,500
(8,900)
2,309
(240)
70,500
20,000
1,723
481
167,000
45,900
5,936
1,928
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U.S. Employment
NAICS Description
Related Industries
5112 Software Publishers
5324 Commercial, Industrial
Machinery, Equipment
Leasing
5412 Accounting, Tax Preparation,
Bookkeeping, Payroll
Services
5413 Architectural, Engineering
Services
5415 Computer Systems Design
Services
5416 Management, Scientific,
Technical Consulting
5619 Other Support Services
2002
2002-12
GA Employment
2002
2002-12
256,000
102,200
173,700
40,600
12,345
2,392
3,897
769
867,100
214,700
28,364
5,606
1,251,100
54,400
33,623
3,391
1,162,700
635,000
44,441
21,209
731,800
405,600
24,277
10,223
289,300
72,400
7,795
1,017
Core Industries Total
8,324,400
1,034,700
263,621
Core, Related Industries Total
12,984,600
2,631,100
416,858
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Georgia Department of Labor, 2005.
43,547
89,659
LQs are typically used in economic development to assess whether an industry is basic or
nonbasic but they can be applied to a variety of situations and have been used in recent
years to assess occupational employment strengths and weaknesses. (Bendavid-Val
1991; Markusen and Schrock 2001). An
LQ above one is typically interpreted as
Box 1. Location Quotients
an indicator of specialization and human
capital advantage. An LQ below one e ir
eir = employment in some
may be interpreted as an undere ir group (i) in some region (r)
representation of human capital relative
Ei
Σeir = total employment in the
to the nation.
E i region
Georgia’s location quotient for core
Ei = national employment in
logistics industries is 1.10 and for total
some group (i)
logistics industries (core plus related) is
1.11. This number indicates that the
ΣEi = total national
state as a slightly though not
employment
overwhelmingly greater specialization in
logistics than the nation.
∑
∑
We also examined the state’s competitive advantage through a “shift share analysis.”1
This analysis tells us that if the state were to follow national growth projections, we should
be adding about 28,000 logistics jobs from 2002 to 2012. However, Georgia is actually
projected to add about 40,000. This extra 11,000 represents the state’s competitive
advantage. It says that 75 percent of the state’s growth in logistics jobs will occur because
of the national economy and 25 percent because of Georgia’s distinctive capabilities. This
is substantial but not overwhelming.
1
A shift share analysis breaks down employment growth into national share, national industry mix,
and regional shift components to estimate a region’s competitiveness relative to that of the nation.
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
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Summary
Georgia is a solid player in the logistics sector and there is room to build on that strength.
The state is somewhat more specialized in logistics than the nation but not substantially
so. Georgia is projected to be rather more competitive than the nation in its ability to add
logistics jobs through 2012. The state may be bucking slower national trends because of
its advantageous position to population growth centers, particularly those in the Southeast
from Virginia, the Carolinas, Florida, and west beyond the Mississippi.
National growth rates, which are less robust than those projected for Georgia, may
presume that logistics is becoming more efficient and therefore needs less low end
employment. One strategy to counter this trend may be to focus on the high end
management level positions. If the state is perceived to be good at managing logistics and
developing and adopting relevant technologies, more companies may be attracted to
Georgia. This high end strategy calls for a good educational underpinning.
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Chapter
3
Logistics Firms and Demand for Knowledge
Workers in Georgia
This chapter will examine the current demand for logistics services, with a particular
emphasis on employment implications. As we indicated in Chapter 1, there is no one
logistics industry. Moreover, we find that it is difficult to separate the actual physical
movement of materials or goods from higher-end positions in the management of this
movement. Because of these factors, there is no simple relevant analytic approach. We
will uncover the demand for logistics through several methods, with this chapter focusing
on present needs for college-educated knowledge workers in the logistics field.
Measuring Current Demand
We measure current demand for logistics-related employment by analyzing a sampling of
job advertisements for open positions in Georgia. We use two sources of data for this
analysis: (1) job advertisements registered on the Web pages of firms listed in the Metro
Atlanta Logistics Directory in the “talent and innovation” section, which focuses on 3PLS
and logistics software and technology, and (2) the 100 most relevant job titles in
monster.com with open positions in Georgia. This gives us a knowledge base that places
a bit more emphasis on positions in metro Atlanta in part because of the availability of the
metro Atlanta directory. All data were collected in April and early May of 2005.
There were approximately 380 advertisements from about 100 companies for logisticsoriented positions in Georgia that required at least some postsecondary education. We set
this educational bar because we wanted to focus on the jobs most relevant to USG
programs. There were many more positions for warehouse workers, forklift drivers,
material handlers, and the like but these positions did not have an educational
requirement beyond the high school level. At the same time, some advertisements did not
specify an educational requirement, but really appeared to require at least some college,
so we did include these in our database. The 100 companies are listed in Appendix 2 and
specific job titles in Appendix 3.
These advertisements are illustrative but by no means do they constitute all logisticsrelated jobs in Georgia for college-educated workers. Some positions are filled through
word-of-mouth or unadvertised searches for talent. This is particularly the case for the
highest level of jobs requiring the most experience. Nevertheless this knowledge base is
helpful in illuminating the types of knowledge workers for which the logistics industry is
advertising today.
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
PAGE 10
Occupational Category
Company advertisements for college-educated logistics workers were classified into
occupational categories based on their job title and job description. Nearly half the
advertised positions involved business functions such as marketing, sales, or finance.
About 30 percent involved information technology, either application development or
support, and 20 percent dealt with engineering or operational activities. (See Figure 3.1.)
Figure 3.1. Nearly Half of the Logistics Related Job Openings Involve Business Functions
Marketing/Sales/Customer Service
IT - Other
IT - Applications
Operations
Engineering
Finance/Accounting
Business
Consulting
Management
Administration
Other technical/driver
Broker
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
Source: Georgia Tech Survey of 380 logistics-related openings, April/May 2003.
Educational Level and Major Area
Two-thirds of the advertisements specified some formal education requirement. This
analysis focuses on the preferred degree level designated in the job advertisement. That
is, an advertisement may indicate that a certain degree is required but a higher degree is
preferred. We emphasize the preferred degree because it suggests that a candidate
would have a competitive advantage with such a degree, which would in turn give the firm
a competitive advantage with such an individual.
More than half of the jobs advertised required a bachelors degree. Masters degrees were
preferred in 8 percent of the advertisements, and associates degrees in 5 percent. (See
Figure 3.2.)
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
PAGE 11
18%
20%
Figure 3.2. Half of Logistics Openings Require a Bachelors Degree
Associates
5%
Doesn't specify
34%
Bachelors
52%
PhD
1%
Masters
8%
Source: Georgia Tech Survey of 380 logistics-related openings, April/May 2003.
We further examined the types of majors that logistics companies valued in their job
advertisements. Nearly 40 percent of the advertisements listed one or more majors or
academic concentrations that they expect. Some of
Figure 3.2. Logistics
these advertisements specified only one
Encompasses Three Academic
specialization. Others listed as many as three or
Specializations
four. The areas of academic concentration fell into
three
categories:
engineering,
information
technology, and business. Some type of
engineering degree was referenced in 53 percent of
Business
Engineering
the advertisements, some type of IT degree was
Logistics
referenced in 52 percent of advertisements (with an
academic specialization requirement), and some
type of business degree was referenced in 45
Computer Science
percent of the advertisements. Logistics does
appear to be at the intersections of these three
disciplines (see Figure 3.3.)
Table 3.1. shows detailed academic specialization requirements in recent logistics-related
job advertisements. The most common detailed specialization requirements were
computer science degrees, logistics specializations, finance, and accounting.
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
PAGE 12
Table 3.1. Engineering, Information Technology, and Business-related Academic Specialization
Requirements Appear in 40 percent of Logistics-related Job Advertisements
Academic
Specialization
Number of
Advertisements
Computer Science
Engineering (general)
Logistics
Information Systems/IT
Business (general)
Finance
Accounting
Technical degree (general)
Industrial Engineering
Electrical Engineering
Marketing
Transportation
Computer Engineering
Mathematics
MIS
Supply chain management
Communications
Science
Law
Architecture
Economics
Electronics
English
Journalism
Mechanical Engineering
Tech
Operations Research
Physics
Secretarial
Statistics
Doesn't specify
Total
Georgia Tech Survey of 380 logistics-related openings, April/May 2003.
51
33
21
20
18
16
16
14
9
7
6
5
4
4
4
4
3
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
233
380
Experience
Logistics is a field that requires college-educated candidates to have some level of
experience. Interviewees call this being able to “hit the ground running.”
Sixty-five percent of all current job positions for college graduates had an experience
requirement. Two-thirds of the advertisements specified some formal education
requirement. Experience requirements in the 1-3 year range were evidenced in 23 percent
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
PAGE 13
of the job descriptions. About one-quarter of the advertisements required at least 5 years
of experience. (See Figure 2.4.) This percentage may be low because our database may
under represent openings at the high end which typically require substantial experience.
Experience levels differ based on the type of job being advertised. Certain technical
positions in engineering and IT support are more likely to allow for fewer (three or less)
years of experience. Positions in management, operations, and other engineering fields
are more apt to require at least five years experience. (See Figure 2.5.)
Figure 2.3. Experience Requirements in College-Level Logistics-Related Job
Advertisements
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
doesn’t specify
<1 year
1-3
3-5
5-10
>10
Years of Experience
Figure 2.4. Experience Requirements in Logistics Job Advertisements by Type of Job
Engineering
IT - Other
IT - Applications
Administration
Less than 3 years
5 or more years
Finance/Accounting
Consulting
Operations
Marketing/Sales
Business
Broker
Management
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
40%
PAGE 14
Summary
This chapter suggests that there is current demand for employment at the college level.
We uncovered nearly 400 position advertisements for college-level logistics workers. Twothirds of the advertisements specifically spelled out an educational requirement, most
commonly a bachelors degree. Academic specializations called for in logistics-related job
advertisements verged near the intersection of engineering, business, and information
technology. Most of these jobs required at least a few years of experience, particularly for
positions in management, operations, and some technical fields.
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
PAGE 15
Chapter
4
Supply of Logistics Graduates
The previous chapter showed that there are a number of logistics-related job openings in
Georgia that require some educational capability. This chapter examines the extent to
which the state’s public and private postsecondary educational system supplies graduates
for these job openings.
Any examination of the supply of logistics graduates is based on the primary field of study
or academic major. All primary fields of study leading to degrees or certificates are
structured around what is known as the classification of instructional programs (CIP).
There are nearly 900 CIPs. CIPs are organized hierarchically such that similar fields of
study are organized into the same major grouping.
What is a Logistics Instructional Program
Logistics is easiest to define at the CIP level. At the most basic level, some of the CIPs
actually have logistics embedded in their title. The instructional program description for
CIP 52.0203 is “Logistics and Materials Management.”
We also can review the fields of study listed near the obvious majors and include them to
the extent that they appear relevant. Thus we take account of CIP 52.0209 –
Transportation/Transportation Management, and CIP 52.0202 – Purchasing,
Procurement/Acquisitions and Contracts Management. These three fields of study are
typically found in a business school.
We additionally included certain related engineering degrees because of the large number
of engineering specializations that were listed as requirements in our job advertisement
analysis. These primary fields of study involved in the engineering component of logistics
were defined as: systems engineering, industrial engineering, industrial/manufacturing
engineering, and operations research. Several parallel occupations existed at the
technician level as well, so we incorporated them into our information base.
The above academic majors constituted “core” logistics programs. These core areas are
considered to be most closely associated with the logistics field. We acknowledge that
these do not comprise all the logistics-related academic majors. Our job advertisement
analysis also picked up several additional peripheral but important areas of academic
concentration such as IT, finance, and accounting. These fields of study were prominent in
several of the current advertisements of logistics workers. At the same time, we recognize
that these fields are found in almost any modern firm. For this reason, we classify them as
“related” programs (Table 4.1) and proceed by orienting our analysis toward the core
academic majors.
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
PAGE 16
Table 4.1. Core and Related Academic Majors
Logistics
Relevance CIPCODE
Core
Core
Core
Core
Core
Core
Core
Core
Core
Core
Related
Related
Related
Related
Related
Related
Related
Related
Related
Related
Related
Related
Related
Related
Related
Related
Related
Related
Related
Related
Related
Related
Related
Related
Related
Related
Related
Related
Related
Related
Related
Related
Related
14.2701
14.3501
14.3588
14.3701
15.0612
15.0688
15.1501
52.0202
52.0203
52.0209
11.0101
11.0103
11.0199
11.0201
11.0202
11.0203
11.0301
11.0401
11.0501
11.0701
11.0801
11.0802
11.0803
11.0899
11.0901
11.1001
11.1002
11.1004
11.1099
11.9999
14.0101
14.0901
14.0903
14.0999
14.1001
14.3601
15.0613
15.1201
15.1202
15.9999
30.0601
30.0801
52.0101
CIP Description
Systems Engineering
Industrial Engineering
Industrial/Manufacturing Engineering
Operations Research
Industrial Technology/Technician
Industrial/Manufacturing Technology/Technician
Engineering/Industrial Management
Purchasing, Procurement/Acquisitions and Contracts Management
Logistics and Materials Management
Transportation/Transportation Management
Computer and Information Sciences, General
Information Technology
Computer and Information Sciences, Other
Computer Programming/Programmer, General
Computer Programming, Specific Applications
Computer Programming, Vendor/Product Certification
Data Processing and Data Processing Technology/Technician
Information Science/Studies
Computer Systems Analysis/Analyst
Computer Science
Web Page, Digital/Multimedia and Information Resources Design
Data Modeling/Warehousing and Database Administration
Computer Graphics
Computer Software and Media Applications, Other
Computer Systems Networking and Telecommunications
System Administration/Administrator
System, Networking, and LAN/WAN Management/Manager
Web/Multimedia Management and Webmaster
Computer/Info Tech Services Administration & Management, Other
Computer and Information Sciences and Support Services, Other
Engineering, General
Computer Engineering, General
Computer Software Engineering
Computer Engineering, Other
Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering
Manufacturing Engineering
Manufacturing Technology/Technician
Computer Engineering Technology/Technician
Computer Technology/Computer Systems Technology
Engineering Technologies/Technicians, Other
Systems Science and Theory
Mathematics and Computer Science
Business/Commerce, General
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
PAGE 17
Logistics
Relevance CIPCODE
Related
Related
Related
Related
Related
Related
Related
Related
Related
Related
Related
Related
Related
Related
Related
CIP Description
52.0201 Business Administration and Management, General
52.0299 Business Administration, Management and Operations, Other
52.0499 Business Operations Support and Secretarial Services, Other
52.0601 Business/Managerial Economics
52.0801 Finance, General
52.0899 Finance and Financial Management Services, Other
52.1201 Management Information Systems, General
52.1299 Management Information Systems and Services, Other
52.1301 Management Science, General
52.1399 Management Sciences and Quantitative Methods, Other
52.1801 Sales, Distribution, and Marketing Operations, General
52.1802 Merchandising and Buying Operations
52.1803 Retailing and Retail Operations
52.1899 General Merchandising/Sales/Related Marketing Operations, Other
52.9999 Business, Management, Marketing & Related Support Services, Other
Source: National Center for Educational Statistics and author classifications.
Top U.S. Logistics Programs
Logistics covers a substantial set of programs in U.S. academic institutions. U.S. News
and World Report has recognized this by creating a distinct classification of university
business specialties called “supply chain/logistics.”
We obtained information on graduates (or “completions” as the National Center for
Education Statistics calls them) by CIP in academic year 2003 for all public and private
postsecondary institutions in the country. Using our definition of core logistics programs,
we estimate that there were more than 15,500 graduates of logistics programs in the
United States in 2003.
Core graduates largely came out of the nearly 200 logistics-related academic programs
with at least 25 completions. These relatively larger academic programs are listed in
Appendix 4. Figure 4.1 maps these programs at institutions across the nation. The
magnitude of graduates in all logistics programs at a particular institution is symbolized in
proportionally-sized circles. The map shows that most of the large logistics programs are
located east of the Mississippi, particularly in the Midwest. At the same time, the
Southeast is well represented by programs in Tennessee, Georgia, Florida and Virginia.
The top business programs in logistics by numbers of graduates were at:
Michigan State University (244 graduates)
Penn State University (216 graduates).
Arizona State University (185 graduates)
Ohio State University (179 graduates)
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
PAGE 18
University of Tennessee (174 graduates)
And the top engineering programs in logistics by number of graduates were at:
Georgia Tech (478 graduates)
University of Michigan (313 graduates)
Cornell University (241 graduates)
Purdue University (198 graduates)
Figure 4.1. Most Large Logistics Programs are Located in the Eastern United States
(Circles Represent the Location of Institutions with Logistics programs and are
Proportionally Sized based on Number of Graduates in 2003 )
Georgia’s Relative Position
Georgia had nearly 700 graduates in the core logistics CIPs in 2003. There were an
additional 14,600 graduates in related programs that logistics along with other industries.
This analysis will focus on the core logistics specializations because they are most directly
relevant to the logistics cluster. Georgia graduates in the core logistics specializations
came from 17 institutions across the state. Figure 4.2 maps these institutions
geographically. Again, the proportionally-sized circles represent the magnitude of
graduates in all logistics programs at a particular institution. The map shows that most of
the programs reside in Atlanta, but there is also capacity in North and Middle Georgia.
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
PAGE 19
Figure 4.2. Most Large Logistics Programs are in North and Central Georgia
(Circles Represent the Location of Institutions with Logistics programs and are
Proportionally Sized based on Number of Graduates in 2003 )
The five largest programs that served a broad population (e.g., were not on a military
base) were: Georgia Tech, North Georgia College and State University, Heart of Georgia
Technical College, Georgia Southern University, and Dalton State College. Figure 3.3 lists
these and all other Georgia institutions by their total number of graduates in 2003. The
particular majors offered by all the Georgia Schools are further detailed in Table 4.2.
These programs include business, engineering, and technician-level fields of study.
The numbers in and of themselves do not tell us much about whether they are at sufficient
levels. One way to assess the sufficiency of the quantity of Georgia’s logistics graduates is
to make a comparison with the number of graduates in the national logistics educational
system. Those areas in which Georgia is producing a higher concentration of graduates
relative to the national system could be viewed as comprising the state’s areas of
specialization. Alternatively, areas in which the state is producing fewer graduates could
be viewed as being under represented.
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
PAGE 20
Figure 4.3. Georgia Institutions with Core Logistics Instruction Program and
Number of Graduates in 2003
Georgia Tech
498
N. GA College & State U.
57
Heart of Georgia TC
56
Georgia Southern
38
Dalton State
35
GA College & State U.-Robins
29
Georgia State
22
Augusta TC
20
Griffin TC
20
W. Georgia TC
17
Coosa Valley TC
12
Georgia Military College-Robins
7
Gwinnett TC
7
Sandersville TC
4
Central Georgia TC
3
Southern Tech Univ.
1
Devry U.
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
Table 4.2. Georgia Institutions with Core Logistics Instruction Program and
Number of Graduates
Institution
Georgia Institute of
Technology-Main
Campus
Georgia Institute of
Technology-Main
Campus
North Georgia College
and State University
Heart of Georgia
Technical College
Georgia Southern
University
Dalton State College
Georgia Institute of
Technology-Main
Campus
Georgia College and
State University–
Robins Air Force Base
CIP Description
Degree
Grads.
Industrial/Manufacturing
Engineering
Bachelors degree
298
Industrial/Manufacturing
Engineering
Masters degree
149
Purchasing,
Procurement/Acquisitions and
Contracts Management
Logistics and Materials
Management
Logistics and Materials
Management
Industrial/Manufacturing
Technology/Technician
Operations Research
Bachelors degree
57
Award of less than 1
academic year
Bachelors degree
56
Associates degree
35
Masters degree
31
Logistics and Materials
Management
Masters degree
29
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
36
PAGE 21
Institution
CIP Description
Degree
Grads.
Augusta Technical
College
Griffin Technical
College
Georgia Institute of
Technology-Main
Campus
West Georgia
Technical College
Georgia State
University
Coosa Valley Technical
College
Georgia Military
College-Robins Air
Force Base Ctr
Georgia State
University
Gwinnett Technical
College
Sandersville Technical
College
Georgia Institute of
Technology-Main
Campus
Central Georgia
Technical College
Gwinnett Technical
College
Logistics and Materials
Management
Logistics and Materials
Management
Industrial/Manufacturing
Engineering
Award of less than 1
academic year
Award of less than 1
academic year
Doctors degree
20
Logistics and Materials
Management
Operations Research
Award of less than 1
academic year
Bachelors degree
16
Logistics and Materials
Management
Logistics and Materials
Management
Award of less than 1
academic year
Associates degree
12
Operations Research
Masters degree
6
Industrial Technology/Technician
Associates degree
5
Logistics and Materials
Management
Logistics and Materials
Management
Award of less than 1
academic year
Masters degree
4
Logistics and Materials
Management
Logistics and Materials
Management
Associates degree
2
1
Southern Polytechnic
State University
Georgia Southern
University
Gwinnett Technical
College
West Georgia
Technical College
Industrial/Manufacturing
Engineering
Logistics and Materials
Management
Logistics and Materials
Management
Logistics and Materials
Management
Award of at least 1
but less than 2
academic years
Award of less than 1
academic year
Bachelors degree
Associates degree
1
1
Central Georgia
Technical College
Logistics and Materials
Management
Georgia Southern
University
Devry UniversityGeorgia
Industrial/Manufacturing
Technology/Technician
Purchasing,
Procurement/Acquisitions and
Contracts Management
Award of at least 1
but less than 2
academic years
Award of at least 1
but less than 2
academic years
Bachelors degree
Postbaccalaureate
certificate
0
20
18
16
7
2
1
1
1
1
We calculated location quotients for each of the core primary fields of study, comparing
Georgia and the nation. Our calculation focuses on all educational institutions that serve a
broad population; specialty programs for military or other personnel are excluded. Table
4.3 shows these results.
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
PAGE 22
Georgia has a concentration of graduates in the industrial/manufacturing engineering and
operations research areas. In 2003 there were 465 industrial/manufacturing engineering
graduates and 53 operations research graduates. This relatively high number of graduates
gave the state location quotients of 4.49 in the industrial/manufacturing CIP and 3.48 in
the operations research CIP. Although there were no completions in the systems
engineering and industrial engineering classifications, these programs are cross-fertilized
by industrial/manufacturing engineering graduates. Taking the four core engineering
programs together, Georgia’s location quotient is 2.54 in engineering. This high location
quotient suggests that the state has a human capital advantage on the engineering side of
logistics
In contrast, technician-level logistics majors show under representation. Georgia had only
41 graduates with associates degrees in the technician-level logistics majors. This gave
the state a combined LQ of .27 for industrial, manufacturing, and engineering technicians
programs. One reason for this weakness is that institutions in several Midwestern states
(Michigan, Ohio, Indiana) have large numbers of industrial technicians that feed their
automobile industry.
In the business area, Georgia had 57 graduates in purchasing management programs
and 39 graduates in logistics and materials management programs. There were no
transportation management programs in the state. The resulting LQ for purchasing
management was 2.58. However for the more common logistics and materials
management CIP, the state’s LQ was only .83. Taking all these business majors in the
logistics area together, the state LQ was slightly over one (1.31).
Table 4.3. Georgia is Specialized in Engineering, Under-represented in Business
(Location Quotient Analysis of Number of Graduates in Georgia and US CIPs, 2003)
Core
CIP
Description
14.2701
14.3501
14.3588
Systems Engineering
Industrial Engineering
Industrial/Manufacturing
Engineering
Operations Research
Industrial Technology/Technician
Industrial/Manufacturing
Technology/Technician
Engineering/Industrial Management
Purchasing,
Procurement/Acquisitions and
Contracts Management
Logistics and Materials
Management
Transportation/Transportation
Management
14.3701
15.0612
15.0688
15.1501
52.0202
52.0203
52.0209
US
Grads.
Georgia
Grads.
LQ
1004
2063
3751
0
0
465
4.49
551
1261
2462
53
5
36
3.48
0.14
0.53
1762
799
0
57
2.58
1705
39
0.83
156
0
-
This LQ does not denote weakness in the state’s business programs, but it may well
indicate a possible bottleneck for growing a logistics cluster in the state. Considerable
growth the demand for logistics-related employees would probably require employers to
recruit from schools in nearby states such as the University of Tennessee. Alternatively,
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
PAGE 23
companies could draw on Georgia graduates in related business fields and provide
logistics-specific training in-house. Georgia institutions had 8,694 graduates in related
business CIPs. This is a substantial number of graduates; however the LQ associated with
these graduates is only .86.
Figure 4.4 summarizes Georgia’s position in the national logistics educational system’s
core and related specializations. This is a “waterfall chart” in which the horizontal x-axis
depicts the number of graduates in each logistics academic specialization and the y-axis
represents location quotients that signify Georgia’s position relative to the national
educational system The figure further demonstrates that Georgia is well situated in the
technical disciplines associated with logistics—engineering and computer science
(depicted as CS/IT in the chart)—but is less strong in the business disciplines and fields
associated with technical degrees. The figure also indicates that the core disciplines have
relatively fewer graduates than do the related disciplines.
-C
or
e
Figure 4.4. Location Quotients Show That Georgia Has an Advantage in the Core Engineering,
Core Business, and Related IT Logistics Fields
gi
ne
er
in
es
s
-R
el
at
ed
En
g.
0.50
Te
ch
En
g.
Te
ch
En
Bu
s
-C
or
e
1.00
in
g
-R
el
at
ed
CS
/
1.50
-R
el
at
ed
IT
in
es
s
-C
-R
el
at
ed
or
e
En
2.00
Bu
s
Location Quotients
2.50
gi
ne
er
in
g
3.00
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
Number of Logistics Graduates in Georgia
Summary
Having a strong and balanced educational presence is integral to developing a logistics
cluster. This chapter has shown that Georgia graduated nearly 700 students in core
logistics concentration areas in 2003. Seventeen higher educational institutions in Georgia
had programs to produce these graduates, although only five demonstrated the capacity
to turn out at least 25 graduates per year.
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
PAGE 24
Location quotients were employed to measure the state’s relative specialization in logistics
compared to the national academic system. The analysis showed that the state had a
distinctive concentration of engineering graduates in the logistics area. Engineering
students account for more than 75 percent of all logistics graduates in Georgia. At the
same time, there was a weakness in technician level programs based on the number of
graduates with an associates degree coming out of programs at Georgia institutions
relative to national proportions.
Business specializations in the logistics fields posed a more subtle challenge. Fewer than
20 percent of the state’s logistics graduates are in business or management disciplines.
Georgia had a smaller proportion of graduates in the important field of logistics and
materials management than existed nationally. This under-representation was balanced to
some extent by a presence in the purchasing management field, but further weaknesses
in several of the peripheral related business disciplines suggest that the state could face
obstacles in growing a foremost logistics cluster as a result of having an undersized
quantity of graduates in the business logistics field.
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
PAGE 25
Chapter
5
Future Demand, Graduates, and Shortfalls
Having sufficient numbers of employees with the right capabilities has become
increasingly important in economic development strategies in a knowledge economy
propelled by ideas and talent. For the last 10 years, the USG has examined the extent to
which mismatches between the demand for knowledge workers and the supply of
university graduates exist in various occupations. The objective of this type of supplydemand analysis is to avoid obvious gaps that occur when industry structure transforms,
consumer tastes change, demand for products or services shifts, and/or technological
advances occur. Lack of labor mobility, rapid pace of change, and regional industrial
concentrations can make it difficult for industries on the upswing to find the skills they
need. The ability to foresee potential gaps in demand for various types of jobs can
accelerate attention on certain educational programs such that employers in the state
have the supply of knowledge workers from the universities when they need them.
This chapter utilizes long-term projections of employment in occupations in the logistics
cluster and matches these projections to current levels of graduates from logistics
specializations in the state’s postsecondary educational institutions. The analysis basically
looks at long-range mismatches between projected demand for certain types of workers
and current supply of graduates. It does not take into account any changes that may occur
in demand as a result of new and highly successful economic development business
recruitment strategies. Also, because logistics does not have a clear-cut occupational and
industry definition, we are not analyzing the extent to which out-of-state labor may migrate
to Georgia to take up any open positions in logistics firms. It gives us a first cut at any longrange employment disparities in the logistics field that could restrict Georgia’s economic
development recruitment strategy.
What are Logistics Occupations
There is no standard agreement on what is and what is not a logistics occupation. The
2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system published by the U.S. Bureau of
Labor Statistics is used in all dissemination of occupational employment projections and
analyses. All workers are classified into one of over 820 occupations. To facilitate
classification, occupations are combined to form 23 major groups, 96 minor groups, and
449 broad occupations. Each broad occupation includes detailed occupation(s) requiring
similar job duties, skills, education, or experience. There is a major classification called
“transportation and material moving occupations” (51-0000) but as we discussed in the
first chapter, we consider logistics to concern the management of materials moving, not
the actual physical movement per se.
We defined a set of eight core occupations and 26 related logistics occupations based on
what we learned from our job advertisement analysis. We also drew on the SOC-CIP
crosswalk to help guide our decisions about logistics occupations. Table 5.1 presents the
resulting list of occupations. All of these occupations require some type of
university or college degree.
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
PAGE 26
Table 5.1. Core and Related Logistics Occupations and Type of Educational Requirement
SOC
SOCTITLE
Type
11-3011
Administrative Services Managers
Core
11-3061
Purchasing Managers
Core
11-9041
Engineering Managers
Core
15-2031
17-2112
17-3026
25-1011
25-1032
11-1021
Operations Research Analysts
Industrial Engineers
Industrial Engineering Technicians
Business Teachers, Postsecondary
Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary
General and Operations Managers
Core
Core
Core
Core
Core
Related
11-3021
Related
11-3031
11-3051
Computer and Information Systems
Managers
Financial Managers
Industrial Production Managers
Related
Related
13-1111
Management Analysts
Related
13-1199
13-2051
13-2099
15-1011
Business Operations Specialists, All Other
Financial Analysts
Financial Specialists, All Other
Computer and Information Scientists,
Research
Computer Programmers
Computer Software Engineers, Applications
Computer Software Engineers, Systems
Software
Computer Support Specialists
Computer Systems Analysts
Database Administrators
Network and Computer Systems
Administrators
Network Systems and Data Communications
Analysts
Computer Specialists, All Other
Statisticians
Computer Hardware Engineers
Electrical Engineers
Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Technicians
Market Research Analysts
Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary
Mathematical Science Teachers,
Postsecondary
Related
Related
Related
Related
15-1021
15-1031
15-1032
15-1041
15-1051
15-1061
15-1071
15-1081
15-1099
15-2041
17-2061
17-2071
17-3023
19-3021
25-1021
25-1022
Related
Related
Related
Related
Related
Related
Related
Educational
Requirement
Work experience, plus a
bachelor’s or higher degree
Work experience, plus a
bachelor’s or higher degree
Work experience, plus a
bachelor’s or higher degree
Master's degree
Bachelor’s degree
Associate degree
Master's degree
Doctoral degree
Work experience, plus a
bachelor’s or higher degree
Work experience, plus a
bachelor’s or higher degree
Bachelor’s degree
Work experience, plus a
bachelor’s or higher degree
Work experience, plus a
bachelor’s or higher degree
Bachelor’s degree
Bachelor’s degree
Bachelor’s degree
Doctoral degree
Bachelor’s degree
Bachelor’s degree
Bachelor’s degree
Associate degree
Bachelor’s degree
Bachelor’s degree
Bachelor’s degree
Related
Related
Related
Related
Related
Related
Related
Related
Related
Bachelor’s degree
Associate degree
Master's degree
Bachelor’s degree
Bachelor’s degree
Associate degree
Master's degree
Master's degree
Master's degree
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
PAGE 27
Long-Term Demand
Projections by the Georgia Department of Labor from 2002 to 2012 tell us that the state
will need 1,100 workers annually in core logistics occupations and 12,170 workers
annually in related logistics occupations.
Figure 5.1 and 5.2 breaks down the number of annual openings by the various logistics
occupations. The top core occupations with at least 100 annual openings per year include:
Administrative Services Managers
Engineering Managers
Industrial Engineers
Business Teachers, Postsecondary
Also important are Purchasing Managers, Operations Research Analysis, and Industrial
Engineering Technicians which are projected have 70 to 80 openings a year. Sixty percent
of these occupations also require work experience in addition to a postsecondary
degree—most likely a bachelors degree.
In the related industries, the top occupations based on projected annual openings are:
General and Operations Managers
Business Operations Specialists, All Other
Computer Systems Analysts
Computer Software Engineers, Applications
Management Analysts
Computer Software Engineers, Systems Software
Computer Support Specialists
Forty percent of the annual openings in related occupations are projected to have a work
experience requirement. Nine out of 10 of these related occupations have a bachelor’s
degree requirement.
These numbers indicate that there will be considerable growth in logistics-related
knowledge occupations over the next 10 years.
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
PAGE 28
Figure 5.1. Annual Openings in Core Logistics Occupations: 2002-2012
Administrative Services
Managers
390
200
Engineering Managers
170
Industrial Engineers
Business Teachers,
Postsecondary
100
Operations Research
Analysts
80
Purchasing Managers
80
Industrial Engineering
Technicians
70
Engineering Teachers,
Postsecondary
10
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
Annual Openings, 2002-2012
Figure 5.2. Annual Openings in Related Logistics Occupations: 2002-2012
General and Operations Managers
2900
Business Operations Specialists, All Other
1240
Computer Systems Analysts
940
920
790
760
710
620
550
510
430
350
220
220
190
180
160
150
90
80
50
40
40
20
10
Computer Software Engineers, Applications
Management Analysts
Computer Software Engineers, Systems Software
Computer Support Specialists
Financial Managers
Computer and Information Systems Managers
Network Systems and Data Communications Analysts
Computer Programmers
Network and Computer Systems Administrators
Computer Specialists, All Other
Database Administrators
Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technicians
Financial Analysts
Industrial Production Managers
Market Research Analysts
Financial Specialists, All Other
Electrical Engineers
Mathematical Science Teachers, Postsecondary
Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary
Computer Hardware Engineers
Computer and Information Scientists, Research
Statisticians
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Annual Openings, 2002-2012
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
PAGE 29
Shortfall Analysis
As a rough measure of the extent to which there are short falls in logistics occupations, we
compared these projected annual openings to the number of graduates that Georgia’s
postsecondary educational institutions put out in 2003. We allocated graduates to these
logistics occupations using a modified CIP-SOC crosswalk. The results are presented in
Table 5.2.
The results do not show substantial numbers of shortfalls. Only one core occupation,
Purchasing Managers, exhibits a shortfall (or more than 70 unfilled positions annually).
There are more potential shortfalls evident in related IT and financial occupations.
Despite the lack of gross numbers of unfilled occupations projected particularly in the core
occupations, we emphasize that there are limitations to this analysis. In particular, it does
not take into account the state’s economic development strategy. To the extent that the
state continues to build up a significant cluster in this area will not be accounted for in the
projections.
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
PAGE 30
Table 5.2. Annual Openings, Graduates, and Shortfall in Core and Related Logistics
Occupations
SOCTITLE
Core Occupations
Purchasing Managers
Administrative Services Managers
Engineering Managers
Industrial Engineers
Business Teachers, Postsecondary
Operations Research Analysts
Industrial Engineering Technicians
Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary
Related Occupations
Computer Systems Analysts
Financial Managers
Financial Analysts
Computer Hardware Engineers
Financial Specialists, All Other
Computer Software Engineers,
Systems Software
General and Operations Managers
Business Operations Specialists, All
Other
Computer Software Engineers,
Applications
Management Analysts
Computer Support Specialists
Computer and Information Systems
Managers
Network Systems and Data
Communications Analysts
Computer Programmers
Network and Computer Systems
Administrators
Database Administrators
Computer Specialists, All Other
Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Technicians
Industrial Production Managers
Market Research Analysts
Electrical Engineers
Mathematical Science Teachers,
Postsecondary
Computer Science Teachers,
Postsecondary
Computer and Information Scientists,
Research
Statisticians
Annual
Graduates Shortfall
Openings
80
390
200
170
100
80
70
10
4
390
200
170
100
80
70
10
76
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
940
620
180
40
90
760
797
477
134
6
67
745
143
143
46
34
23
15
2900
1240
2900
1240
0
0
920
920
0
790
710
550
790
710
550
0
0
0
510
510
0
430
350
430
350
0
0
220
220
190
220
220
190
0
0
0
160
150
80
50
160
150
80
50
0
0
0
0
40
40
0
20
20
0
10
10
0
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
PAGE 31
Chapter
6
Recommendations
This section draws on the quantitative analysis in the previous chapters to develop
recommendations. In addition, we undertook a “qualitative” analysis to further information
these recommendations. More than a dozen corporate executives in logistics firms (e.g.,
3PLS, software firms, and wholesalers), university faculty, and management of
government logistics infrastructures were interviewed. Appendix 5 highlights the results of
these interviews.
We reinforce that few logistics occupations appeared to have significant shortfalls when
comparing projected job openings against graduates of existing higher educational
programs. Therefore most of our recommendations involve the need for strengthening
aspects of the logistics cluster in light of the state economic development strategy.
Grow High-end Logistics Jobs
Logistics is a solid strategic industry for Georgia’s economic development focus. The state
has the infrastructure and proximity to current and future population centers to make it
attractive from a geographic perspective. Georgia is rather more specialized in logistics
employment than is the nation and is expected to add logistics at a higher rate than
national trends would support.
Expert interviews suggest a further important aspect of logistics. One interviewee indicated
that in the past, the vast majority of logistics positions involved transaction-based manual
labor. However, the growth of IT and importance of linking members of a supply chain
together reinforce the need for college-educated workers in logistics positions. The
requirements are not about moving the boxes but where the boxes should be, how to
send them, and how to set the right amount of inventory.
Another respondent reported that it was a competitive advantage to have individuals in
first level supervisory positions with college degrees. These individuals had a better
understanding of the strategic business importance of their decisions.
Leverage Georgia’s Technical Strengths
One of Georgia’s critical strengths in the logistics field is engineering. Georgia is a leading
state in terms of number of graduates in logistics-related engineering fields. The state’s
instructional program location quotient for engineering of 2.54 shows that Georgia is
already strong in engineering. Logistics-related engineering has an international
reputation, which is important for the state to maintain as it seeks to develop recognition of
its logistics sector across the globe.
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
PAGE 32
The question is whether the state can build on this strength and leverage it for the entire
logistics cluster. Our recommendations apply not so much to engineering as much as in
other areas.
Strengthen Business Offerings
Georgia does not have a substantial national presence in logistics-related business
programs. Interviewees recognized only one business program as have a logistics
specialization—Georgia Southern’s undergraduate degree in Business Administration with
a major in Logistics and Intermodal Transportation. The state does not have any programs
among the national leaders in business logistics as recognized program rankings,
magnitude of graduates, and by business interviewees. Business interviewees either hire
graduates from well-known out-of-state programs (University of Tennessee, Arizona State
University were mentioned in particular) or hire in-state graduates and train them on the
job. The latter approach is not desirable because of the importance of timeliness to
logistics firms.
The most critical need is for more undergraduate business programs with logistics
concentrations. Interviewees emphasized the desirability of having a broad-based
program that covers the range of activities including transportation, warehousing,
purchasing, and network design. One responded pointed to Penn State University’s
Supply Chain and Information Systems major as a good model.
Logistics is not a skill that can be quickly learned through a continuing education course,
but rather an academic discipline. Thus, addressing gaps in business education requires
careful consideration. Two approaches for developing such programs might be regarded.
First the state can build on existing strengths. This report contains a listing of existing
programs with business logistics capabilities. There are also a few programs not listed that
do in fact have some logistics resources, but not enough for an official major. Georgia
College and State University has one faculty member that teaches formal courses in
logistics and places graduates in logistics firms located near the airport. Georgia Tech’s
College of Management achieved a ranking of 15 in U.S. News and World Report’s top
business programs in logistics/supply chain management and several faculty conduct
research in this area. University of Georgia has an instructor that teaches a logistics
module in an executive MBA program. As these programs are further developed, Georgia
should aim to have a more recognizable academic reputation on the business side of
logistics. The state should set a goal to have at least one of its business logistics program
in the top 20 rankings of logistics/supply chain management at undergraduate and
graduate levels.
Second, it is important to incorporate some logistics/supply chain management instruction
into the core curriculum of every major business program in the state. One interviewee
proposed that modular curricula could be built into existing business programs. For
example, logistics-related instructional toolkits have been developed by the Council of
Supply Chain Management Professionals for use by academic programs. Further
examination should be made into the extent to which logistics is taught into the state’s
postsecondary business programs and how best to enhance this instruction.
It was also suggested that the state may wish to establish a doctoral program in businessrelated logistics. This type of program would enable the roll out of additional instructional
capacity from an in-state source. Doctoral programs typically require considerable
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
PAGE 33
investment to attract faculty and support research, but they are an important element in
reputation building.
Promote Interdisciplinary Specialization
Our analysis suggested that logistics embraces the juncture of business, engineering, and
computing disciplines. We recommend that the state encourage development of programs
crossing one or more of these disciplinary boundaries. Ohio State University recently
announced the creation of a joint program between its engineering and business schools
called “Master of Business Logistics”. This program will be offered for the first time in the
fall of 2005. If successful, it could serve as a model for a similar program in Georgia.
Maintain Computing Competency
Previous studies that suggested a shortfall of graduates in IT and computer science
disciplines have backtracked in the face of the dot.com bust and economic downturn that
occurred in the 2000-to-2003 time period. The tendency in this situation is to pull back the
number of computing graduates.
We propose that IT competency is important to the logistics field. To be sure, workers with
IT specializations who go into logistics are a small proportion of the total employment base
in the discipline. But the future of logistics will depend in part on robust computing
capabilities to address modeling-related problems. Computing is still a crucial element of
the state’s success in this field.
Evaluate the Need for a Maritime Program Resource
Georgia’s ports are a critical logistics resource. Positions in marine transportation or
maritime business are filled from graduates of one of the seven maritime academies in the
United States. Table 6.1. lists these institutions. Not only is there not maritime academy in
Georgia, but there are no academies between New York and Texas.
Table 6.1. Maritime Academies in the United States
Academy
California Maritime Academy
Great Lakes Maritime Academy
Maine Maritime Academy
Massachusetts Maritime Academy
Seattle Maritime Academy
SUNY Maritime College
Texas Maritime Academy
Location
Vallejo, California
Traverse City, Michigan
Castine, Maine
Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts
Seattle, Washington
Throgs Neck, New York
Galveston, Texas
The establishment of a maritime academy is a risky strategy because most of these
academies were established decades if not centuries ago. Moreover, Georgia Port
Authority management does not view an in-state maritime academy to be essential. The
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
PAGE 34
biggest bottleneck that the port faces is moving cargo on land from the port to the
intermediary or final customer warehouse.
Evaluate Technician Offerings
Quantitative analysis of graduates suggests that there may be a need for more
educational activity at the technician level. We found that the state does not graduate
many logistics-related technicians, but at the same time, no shortfalls were evident in
these types of occupations. Executive interviewees were mixed in their views regarding
deficiencies in the availability of logistics technicians. Whether technicians are important in
the state’s logistics cluster should be evaluated in light of the cross-over of related
technician level occupations in manufacturing.
Promote Opportunities to Gain Industry Experience
Because the logistics industry places such a premium on time, it is important that there be
an experienced base of knowledge workers in the state. Industry executives emphasized
the need for the following efforts to integrate academic and experience requirements:
internships, coops/part-time jobs, student projects, seminar programs, formal partnerships,
involvement of students and business leadership in curricula design, and adjunct positions
provided for industry executives.
Conclusion
Georgia’s geographic position and existing industries give it great potential for developing
a world-class logistics industry. The state’s higher educational system can greatly
enhance the knowledge segment of the industry through its programmatic offerings and
quality graduates.
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
PAGE 35
References
Bendavid-Val, Avrom, 1991, Regional and local economic analysis for practitioners,
Westport CN: Praeger Publishers.
Drummond, W. and Youtie, J. for the ICAPP Program, 1997, June. “Occupational
Employment and Demand for College Graduates.” Atlanta, Georgia: Georgia Tech
Research Corporation.
Drummond, W. and Youtie, J. for the ICAPP Program, 1999, June. “Occupational
Employment, Demand for College Graduates, and Migration: A Statewide View.” Atlanta,
Georgia: Georgia Tech Research Corporation.
Drummond, W. and Youtie, J. for the ICAPP Program, 2001, August. “Our Students and
Alumni: Where Do They Come From and Where Do They Go.” Atlanta, Georgia: Georgia
Tech Research Corporation.
Drummond, W. and Youtie, J. for the ICAPP Program, 2003a, June. “The Value of
University System of Georgia Education.” Atlanta, Georgia: Georgia Tech Research
Corporation.
Drummond, W. and Youtie, J. for the ICAPP Program, 2003b, June. “Supply and Demand
of Human Capital for the Biosciences Industry.” Atlanta, Georgia: Georgia Tech Research
Corporation.
Markusen, A. and Schrock, G. 2001, October. “Occupational Advantage: Detecting and
Enhancing Occupational Mix in Regional Development.” Minneapolis: Hubert Humphrey
Institute for Public Affairs, University of Minnesota.
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2004, March. Occupational Projections and Training Data,
2004-05 Edition. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Labor.
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
PAGE 36
Appendices
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
PAGE 37
Appendix 1. Definitions of Logistics and Supply Chain Management Elicited from Google
Definitions of logistics on the Web:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Logistics Management is that part of Supply Chain Management that plans, implements, and
controls the efficient, effective forward and reverse flow and storage of goods, services and
related information between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet
customers' requirements.
http://www.cscmp.org/Website/AboutCSCMP/Definitions/Definitions.asp
The concept of logistics covers all activities relating to the procurement, transport,
transhipment and storage of goods. Logistics as generally understood is concerned particularly
with material flow (raw materials, interim and final products), but also involves providing
companies with services and information.
www.lehnkering.com/leh/struktur/metatop/glossar/index,language=en.html
the science of planning and carrying out the movement and maintenance of forces. In its most
comprehensive sense, those aspects of military operations which deal with design and
development, acquisition, storage, movement, distribution, maintenance, evacuation, and
disposition of material; movement, evacuation, and hospitalization of personnel; acquisition or
construction, maintenance, operation, and disposition of facilities; acquisition or furnishing of
services (Joint Pub 1-02)
www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/policy/army/fm/100-8/gloss.htm
the process of planning, implementing and controlling the efficient, cost-effective flow and
storage of raw materials, in-process inventory, finished goods and related information from
point of origin to point of consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements.
https://www.ism.ws/AboutISM/MediaRoom/KeySupplyMgmtTerms.cfm
The tracking and movement of raw materials to finished products and consumption throughout
the supply chain.
home.intermec.com/eprise/main/Intermec/Content/About/GlossarySubpages/Glossary_KL
The organisation of any project or operation, including transportation and housing for example
the warehousing of goods as they are being transferred from one country to another.
www.scottish-enterprise.com/sedotcom_home/help/help-glossary.htm
The art of calculating material amounts and arranging their delivery to the proper place at the
proper time.
www.yourwebassistant.net/glossary/l9.htm
The KreW facilitates the flow of matter, energy and information through the DesignShop event
or the Management Center environment. Logistics focuses on the flow of matter and energy.
This includes providing the physical environment, tools, equipment, materials, food. It also calls
for the continual refreshing and maintenance of these elements. [Of course, these all comprise
messages bearing information... darn that interconnected, fractal, feedback driven, recursive
nature of the universe!]
www.mgtaylor.com/mgtaylor/glossary.htm
The aspect of military operations that deals with the procurement, distribution, maintenance,
and replacement of materiel and personnel.
www.army-technology.com/contractors/publications/l.html
The total process of moving goods from a manufacturer to a customer in the most timely and
cost-efficient manner possible.
www.prenhall.com/rm_student/html/glossary/l_gloss.html
Meetings will be held primarily in Ottawa. The use of teleconference or other means will be
facilitated to maximize participation and reduce barriers.
www.canadian-health-network.ca/servlet/ContentServer
The planning, execution and control:
www.eyefortransport.com/glossary/kl.shtml
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
PAGE 38
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
The art of moving and quartering troops, and especially of supplying them. *
www.geocities.com/Athens/Acropolis/2354/directory.html
In an industrial context, logistics means the art and science of obtaining, producing, and
distributing material and product in the proper place and in proper quantities. In a military
sense, its meaning can also include the movement of personnel.
www.homercomputer.com.au/homer_software_guide/glossary.htm
the process of transporting, supplying and supporting a field project.
farahsouth.cgu.edu/dictionary/
are the shipping and distribution functions used by an organisation and are sometimes used to
define a role that manages all the company's resources.
www.tecc.com.au/tecc/guide/glossary.asp
The planning, execution and control -of the movement and placement of people and/or goods and of the supporting activities related to such movement and placement within a system
organized to achieve specific objectives.
www.shipping.francoudi.com/main/main.asp
The movement of materials and information in a supply chain. (697)
www.csus.edu/indiv/f/freemand/Class%20Notes/Ch%2016%20key%20terms.htm
Providing resources and other services to support incident management. Logistics Section:
The section responsible for providing facilities, services, and material support for the incident.
www.emacintl.com/nims_3_04/glossary_of_key_terms.htm
The procurement and physical transmission of material through the supply chain, from
suppliers to customers.
enbv.narod.ru/text/Econom/ib/str/261.html
the handling and movement of inbound raw materials and other supplies as well as outbound
physical distribution.
wps.pearsoned.co.uk/wps/media/objects/1452/1487687/glossary/glossary.html
In an industrial context, this term refers to the functions of obtaining and distributing material
and product.
www.optas.net/glossary.htm
The time-related positioning of resources to meet user requirements.
www.blinco.com/solutions/glossary/schainfn.htm
handling an operation that involves providing labor and materials be supplied as needed
www.cogsci.princeton.edu/cgi-bin/webwn2.1
Logistics is the art and science of managing and controlling the flow of goods, energy and
information.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logistics
Definitions of supply chain management on the Web:
•
•
•
•
Supply Chain Management encompasses the planning and management of all activities involved in
sourcing and procurement, conversion, and all Logistics Management activities. Importantly, it also
includes coordination and collaboration with channel partners, which can be suppliers,
intermediaries, third-party service providers, and customers. In essence, Supply Chain
Management integrates supply and demand management within and across companies..
http://www.cscmp.org/Website/AboutCSCMP/Definitions/Definitions.asp
The delivery of customer and economic value through integrated management of the flow of
physical goods and associated information, from raw materials sourcing to delivery of finished
products to consumers.
www.ediuniversity.com/glossary/
the design and management of seamless, value-added processes across organizational
boundaries to meet the real needs of the end customer.
https://www.ism.ws/AboutISM/MediaRoom/KeySupplyMgmtTerms.cfm
The management and control of all materials, funds, and related information in the logistics
process from the acquisition of raw materials to the delivery of finished products to the end
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
PAGE 39
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
user.
www.blinco.com/solutions/glossary/logisticsoz.htm
The interlocking series of transactions necessary to convert crude oil into marketable products.
www.conocophillips.com/newsroom/other_resources/energyglossary/glossary_s.htm
procurement, contracts, bids, supplier opportunities
www.vita.virginia.gov/services/voiceServices/cellular/commonTerms.cfm
A broader concept than logistics; extends the concept of logistics beyond the firm to all firs in
the supply chain, including vendors, customers, carriers, facilitators, and channel
intermediaries.
vtm.com/glossary.asp
Inter-company planning control and monitoring of central functions such as procurement,
production and sales to increase their efficiency.
www.karstadtquelle.com/englisch/konzern/3652.asp
The control of the supply of Parts from vendor through to customer. There is no fundamental
difference in principle between Supply Chain Management and Manufacturing Resource
Planning. SCM is also used to refer to short cycle manufacturing, which is the manufacturing
elements of Just in Time.
www.bpic.co.uk/jargon.htm
An attempt to coordinate processes involved in producing, shipping and distributing products,
generally with large suppliers. Net markets can extend supply chain management to all trading
partners regardless of size because they provide a central hub to integrate information from
buyers and sellers.
www.eyefortransport.com/glossary/st.shtml
A systematic approach to handling the constituent links in the supply chain.
www.itilpeople.com/Glossary/Glossary_s.htm
The process of materiel control including purchasing electronic and mechanical components
using a variety of e-commerce data base sources and key vendors with an established track
record.
www.naso.com/pages/news_glossary.html
The integration of the supplier, distributor, and customer logistics requirements into one
cohesive process to include demand planning, forecasting, materials requisition, order
processing, inventory allocation, order fulfillment, transportation services, receiving, invoicing,
and payment.
www.vpa.org.vn/english/maritime_term/glossary1/s.htm
Supply chain management (SCM) deals with the planning and execution issues involved in
managing a supply chain.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_chain_management
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
PAGE 40
Appendix 2. Selected Companies in Georgia with Advertised Logistics-related Positions
Requiring Some Postsecondary Education
Company
3C Software
Number of
Advertisements
2
Advanced Solutions for Tomorrow Inc
3
Advantage Solutions Group Inc
1
Allen Lund Co Inc
3
APL Logistics Inc
1
ARAMARK Uniform Services
1
Arch Chemicas
1
ASAP
3
Associated Global Systems Inc
4
Atlantic Paper & Foil Corp
1
BDP International Inc
2
C D Group
1
CNH America LLC
1
[company name confidential]
8
Computer Sciences Corporation
1
ConAgra Foods, Inc.
1
Concord Business Systems Inc
3
CORESTAFF Services
1
Crawford & Company
1
Custom Recruiting Solutions
1
Daifuku America Corporation
1
Datascape.com Incorporated
3
Delta Technology Inc
3
Descartes Systems (USA) LLC
2
DHL Danzas
1
Dunhill Staffing
1
Enforcer
1
FedEx Ground
3
Friendly Systems Inc
1
FSC Securities Corporation
1
GENCO Distribution Systems
2
General Freight Services Inc
4
Giant International
1
Global Logistics
8
Gypsum Express Ltd
1
Handler
1
Horizon Software International LLC
3
I-Business Network
1
Inovis Inc
5
Insource Software Solutions LLC
7
IT Solutions Inc
8
JCPenney, Inc.
1
Kraiburg TPE Corp.
1
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
PAGE 41
Company
LeasePlan USA Inc
Number of
Advertisements
10
LMS
1
Local ContractJobs Inc.
1
Logility
2
LXE Inc
19
Management Recruiters Intntl
3
Manhattan Associates Inc
46
MARC Global
2
Maristaff, Inc.
1
MeadWestvaco
1
Metasys Technologies Inc
17
Mro International Software
1
MTC Technologies, Inc.
1
Nations Express
3
Navy
1
Neenah Paper In
1
New ERA of Networks Inc
6
New Frontiers International Ltd
24
Openhr America Inc
3
Oracle
19
Ozburn-Hessey Logistics LLC
1
Pacer Global Logistics
22
Paperless Office Inc
6
Peach State Integrated Technologies Inc
4
Penske Logistics
5
Procuri Inc
1
Randstad
1
Resource Technologies
1
Retail Publication
1
Ruan Transport
2
Ryder
2
Ryder System, Inc.
2
Saddle Creek Corporation
4
SAP America Inc
4
SCM Resources Inc
1
Servigistics Inc
3
Siemens Communications, Inc
3
SolomonEdwardsGroup
1
Spherion
1
SPL World Group, Inc.
1
Sprint
1
Stanley Associates Inc
2
Stone Connection
1
StorePerform Technologies
1
Target
1
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
PAGE 42
Company
Number of
Advertisements
Target Logistic Services
1
The Coca-Cola Company
1
The Home Depot
13
The Robin Shepherd Group
1
TNT Logistics
1
TRX Inc
17
Turner Transfer
1
Twin Engines Inc
1
UPS Headquarters
8
Viewlocity Inc
1
Vignette Corporation
1
Grand Total
380
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
PAGE 43
Appendix 3. Titles of Advertised Logistics-related Positions Requiring Some Postsecondary
Education
Title
Number of
Advertisements
ABA Developer for Web Applications
Account Executive
Account Executive-emerging fleet
Account Executive-Sales, Atlanta based
Account Management Consultant 5-Suport
Account Manager
Account Manager-Electronic Print and Document Management
Accounts Payable Representative
Acount Auditor
Acount Executive
Administrative Assistance A3 (3)
Administrative Assistant
Administrative Asst South
Antenna Engineer
Antenna Systems Engineer
Application Developer
Application Engineer
Applications Sales Representative III
AS/400 Computer System Operator
ASP.net Developer Architect Programmer
Assistant Manager
Assistant Network Administrator
Associate Software Consultant (VB, C#)
Associate/Software Consultant-RFID
Associate/Software Consultants/RFID
Audit Manager (Sr. Staff Auditor)
Audit Supervisor
Billing Documentation Specialist
Billing Specialist
Body Shop Technician
Branch Office Examiner
Broker's Assistant
Business Analyst
Business Analyst 3-Ops
Business Architect
Business Architect/Project Manager
Business Consultant
Business Development Executive
Busness Analyst
Cargo and Credit Insurance Manager
CDL A Driver
Client Relations Specialist
Communications Specialist
computer professionals
Consulting Engagement Director-South
Consulting Project Manager
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
PAGE 44
Title
Number of
Advertisements
Consulting Project Principal Consultant
Consulting Sales Director
Consulting Technical VP
Contract Technical Recruiter (3 months)
Controller
Corporate Logistics Manager
Corporate Recruiter
Credit Manager
Customer Logistics Coordinator
Customer Service
Customer Service Representative
Customer Support Analyst
Customer Support Representative
Data Migration Testers
Data Migration/SQL Server DBA
Data Warehouse Data Steward
Data Warehouse Quality Assurance-Level 2
Data Warehouse Quality Assurance-Level 3
Data Warehouse Requirements Analyst-Level 2
Data Warehouse Requirements Analyst-Level 3
Database Administrator/Developer
Demand-Supply Manager GSM/UMTS
Desktop Support Coordinator
Developer
Director of Product Management, TMS
Director of Sales
Director of Sales and Marketing
Directors of Techical Support
Director-Sales and Marketing
Dispatcher (Logistics)
Drivers
Drivers (3-Atlanta, Cedartown, and Savannah)
Drivers (Logistics)
EDI Coordinator
EDI Software Developer
Education Consultant
Engineering Manager? Fleet Operations
Engineer-Technical Sales, South Eastern Region
Entry Level Transportation Freight Broker
Entry Specialist
ERP (multiple positions)
Executive Assistant
Experienced Transportation Freight Broker
Express Center Owner
Express Truck(s) Owner
Facilities Manager
Field Service Engineer
File Room Assistant
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
PAGE 45
Title
Number of
Advertisements
Financial Analyst
Financial Reporting Manager
Fixed Asset/General Accountant
Forecasting Analyst
Freight Claims Assistant
graduate web developer
Help Desk Administrator
Human Resources Generalist
Implementation Consultant
Implementation Consultant (CONSULTANT)
Implementation Manager
Implementation Managers
Implementation Specialists
Import Manager
Industrial Engineer
Industrial Engineers/Logistics Engineers
Information Architect
Information Technology
Inside Sales Representative
Instructional Design Intern
Instructor
Instructor-PLM
International Financial Analyst
International Sales Manager
IS Support Analyst
IT
IT Defense
Java Programmer/Java Developer
Java Programmers (multiple positions)
Junior Programmer
Lead Accountant (1108)
Lead General Analyst
Lead Programmer/Analyst
Lead QA Engineer
Logistics Analyst
Logistics Analyst-International
Logistics and Administrative Assistant
Logistics Coordinator
Logistics Engineer
Logistics Engineer-3PL
Logistics Engineer-Distribution Engineering
Logistics Engineer-Supply Chain Security Process Engineer
Logistics Manager
Logistics Manager-Delivery
Logistics Planer/Coordinator
Logistics Planner
Logistics Specialist
Logistics Specialist/Coordinator
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
PAGE 46
Title
Number of
Advertisements
Logistics Supervisor
Logistics Supervisor-2nd shift
Logistics/Warehouse Manager
Management Analyst
Management Trainee (3)
Manager
Manager of Logistics
Manager, Business Consulting Services
Manager, Quality Assurance
Manager, Technology Solution Center & NOC
Marketing Programs Specialist
Marketing Support Representative
Mechanic
Mechanical Engineer (2)
MIC Manufacturing/Process Engineer (2)
MicroStrategy 7i Developer/Lead
Microwave Enginner-Active
Multi National Logistics Officer
Netegrity Experts
Network Administrator
Network Billing Analyst
no title
Ocean Export Customer Service Representtive
Office Administrator
Operations Assistant
Operations Management
Operations Manager
Operations Research Architect
Operations Supervisor
Operations Support
Oracle Developers (multiple positions)
Oracle Development DBA
Paralegal
Paralegal/Secretary
Paralegals-Intellectual Property Law
Part-time Logistics Clerk
Plant Operations Manager
Pricing Analyst
Process Analyst
Process Manager
Product Management Consultant
Product Manager
Production Software Engineer
Productions Support Developer
Professional Services Project Manager-Web-based Enterprise SW
Implementations
Program Manager
Programmer
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
PAGE 47
Title
Number of
Advertisements
Programmer Analyst I
Programmer/Analyst
Programmer/Analyst, ERP Systems
Project Analyst
Project Engineer-Conveyor
Project Manager
Project Manager-eBUSINESS (Logistics/DSN)
Project Manager-Level 2
Project Managers
Proposal Coordinator
Purchasing Manager
QA Manager
QA Testers
Quality Assurance Analyst
Quality Assurance Analyst II
recent veteran to support anti-terrorism training at Fort McPherson,
Ga
Receptionist
Recruiters
Regional Sales Manager
Reliability Engineer
Remarketing Assistant
Remarketing Coordinator
Remedy Developer/Programmer
Report Analyst
Report Developer (2)
Reporting Analyst
Requirements Analyst
Requirements Analyst-Level 2
Requirements/Implementation Tester-Level 1
Research Mgmt Manager
Revenue Analyst
S/W Eng II- Dev
S/W Eng-Dev
Sales
Sales
Sales & Marketing Representatives
Sales Agent
Sales and Marketing Manager with Motorcycle or ATV Industry
experience
Sales Associate
Sales Consultant
Sales Director
Sales Executive
Sales Executive-Transportation
Sales Executive-WMS
Sales Representative
Sales Support Analyst
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
PAGE 48
Title
Number of
Advertisements
sales/marketing person
Salesrep
SAP Business Analyst
SAP SD Functional/Supply Chain & Logistics
Senior .NET Developer
Senior Account Executive
Senior Account Manager
Senior Client Relations Analyst
Senior Commercial Underwriter
Senior Consultant
Senior Consultant (Labor Management)
Senior Consultant-Labor Management
Senior Financial Analyst
Senior Great Plains Consultant
Senior Level Accountant
Senior Product Consultant - iseries
Senior Product Marketing Manager
Senior Programmer
Senior Programmer/Analyst
Senior Project Manager-WMS Implementation
Senior Sales Consultant
Senior Sales Consultant (3)
Senior Sales Engineer
Senior SAP HR Consultant
Senior Software Analysts-AS/400
Senior Software Engineer
Senior Technical Implementation Consultant
Senior Technical Support
Senior Trainer
Senior VP Sales and Marketing
Service Team Leaders
Site Manager
Software Analyst-Build/Configuration Engineer
Software Analysts-J++/C#
Software Architect Pocket PC Windows CE
Software Consultants
Software Developer
Software Developer for Web Applications
Software Distribution Administrator
Software Engineer
Software Managers-EJB
Software Support Analyst (Labor Management)
Software Support Analyst -C++/Unix
Software Support Consultant
Solutions Consultant-RFID
SOX 404 Analyst
Specialist-Meetings and Events
SQL Business Intelligence Software Developers
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
PAGE 49
Title
Number of
Advertisements
SQL Server Database Programmer/Analyst
Sr Analyst International Logistics
Sr Logistics Engineer-SDI
Sr S/W Eng- Dev
Sr S/W Eng-QA
Sr. Business Systems Analyst
Sr. Communication & Training Specialist
Sr. Digital/Analog Design Engineer
Sr. Financial Analyst
Sr. Level Accountant
Sr. RF Hardware Design Engineer
Staff or Principal Engineer
Staff S/W Eng I-Prod Mgmt
Support Consultant-Implementation
Support Consultants
System Administrator
System Administrator (Hosting)
System Engineer
Systems Administrator
Systems Development Director
Systems Engineer/DBA
Systems Support Specialist (Applications Programmer)
Technical Architect-Level 1
Technical Architect-Level 2
Technical Architect-Level 3 (6)
Technical Consultant
Technical Consultant, Level 1
Technical Consultant, Level 2
Technical Implementation Consultant
Technical Manager-Cons (8)
Technical Order Manager
Technical Software Manager-EJB
Technical Support Technician
Technical Writer
Technology Sales Representative II (4)
Telemarketing Manager
Telephone Marketing Position
Telesales Representative III
Test Engineer/Manager
TL Sales Consultant
TMS Senior Consultant- Carrier Management Solutions
TMS Senior Consultant-Carrier Management Solutions
TMS Senior Consultant-Transportation Planning & Execution
TMS Senior Consultant-Transportation Procurement
Trade Show Manager
Traffic Manager
Trainer & Application Developer
Tranportation and Logistics Opportunities (2)
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
PAGE 50
Title
Number of
Advertisements
Tranportation, Supply Chain, Logistics Professionals
Transportation Broker
Transportation Customer Logistics Manager
Transportation, Supply Chain, Logistics Professionals
Unix/Application Server Administrators (multiple positions)
VB and .Net Programmers (multiple positions)
VB Programmer
Vehicle Maintenance Mechanics/Technicians
Visual Basic.NET programmer
VP of Logistics and Operations
VP, Technology Development
Warehouse Operations Manager
Warehouse Supervisor-Distribution Center
web developer
Web Developer, Mid Level
Web Testers
Windows Network Administrators (multiple positions)
Grand Total
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
380
PAGE 51
Appendix 4. Large U.S. Logistics Programs by Number of Graduates (Completions) in 2003
(programs with at least 25 graduates in core CIPS)
Institution
Community College of the Air
Force
Georgia Institute of TechnologyMain Campus
Michigan State University
Southern Illinois UniversityCarbondale
Olympic College
Arizona State University-Main
Campus
University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
The University of Tennessee
Illinois State University
Pennsylvania State UniversityMain Campus
Stanford University
George Washington University
Georgia Institute of TechnologyMain Campus
University of Missouri-Rolla
Cornell University-Endowed
Colleges
Purdue University-Main Campus
University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
Pennsylvania State UniversityMain Campus
United States Naval Academy
Community College of the Air
Force
George Washington University
Northeastern University
Columbia University in the City of
New York
Florida Institute of TechnologyMelbourne
CIP Description
Logistics and Materials
Management
Industrial/Manufacturing
Engineering
Logistics and Materials
Management
Industrial
Technology/Technician
Industrial
Technology/Technician
Purchasing,
Procurement/Acquisitions and
Contracts Management
Industrial/Manufacturing
Engineering
Logistics and Materials
Management
Industrial
Technology/Technician
Logistics and Materials
Management
Engineering/Industrial
Management
Engineering/Industrial
Management
Industrial/Manufacturing
Engineering
Engineering/Industrial
Management
Industrial/Manufacturing
Engineering
Industrial/Manufacturing
Engineering
Industrial/Manufacturing
Engineering
Industrial/Manufacturing
Engineering
Systems Engineering
Purchasing,
Procurement/Acquisitions and
Contracts Management
Engineering/Industrial
Management
Industrial Engineering
Industrial/Manufacturing
Engineering
Purchasing,
Procurement/Acquisitions and
Contracts Management
State
Degree
Grads.
AL
Associates degree
752
GA
Bachelors degree
298
MI
Bachelors degree
244
IL
Bachelors degree
238
WA
212
AZ
Award of less than
1 academic year
Bachelors degree
MI
Bachelors degree
179
TN
Bachelors degree
174
IL
Bachelors degree
169
PA
Bachelors degree
154
CA
Masters degree
153
DC
Masters degree
152
GA
Masters degree
149
MO
Masters degree
146
NY
Bachelors degree
141
IN
Bachelors degree
139
MI
Masters degree
134
PA
Bachelors degree
130
MD
AL
Bachelors degree
Associates degree
127
126
DC
122
MA
NY
Postbaccalaureate
certificate
Masters degree
Masters degree
FL
Masters degree
109
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
PAGE 52
185
117
110
Institution
CIP Description
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and
State Univ
Cornell University-Endowed
Colleges
Ohio State University-Main
Campus
Texas A & M University
University of Virginia-Main Campus
Auburn University Main Campus
Industrial/Manufacturing
Engineering
Industrial/Manufacturing
Engineering
Logistics and Materials
Management
Industrial Engineering
Systems Engineering
Logistics and Materials
Management
Systems Engineering
Operations Research
Industrial
Technology/Technician
Industrial Engineering
Purchasing,
Procurement/Acquisitions and
Contracts Management
Industrial Engineering
University of Florida
Cuny York College
Olympic College
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Devry University-Illinois
University of Puerto RicoMayaguez
Northwestern University
Texas A & M University
Florida Institute of TechnologyMelbourne
Quinnipiac University
Western Michigan University
Iowa State University
Ohio State University-Main
Campus
Ohio State University-Main
Campus
Bemidji State University
Webster University
California Polytechnic State UnivSan Luis Obispo
Iowa State University
University of Michigan-Dearborn
Baker College Corporate Services
United States Military Academy
Columbia University in the City of
New York
Northwestern University
Engineering/Industrial
Management
Industrial Engineering
Logistics and Materials
Management
Purchasing,
Procurement/Acquisitions and
Contracts Management
Logistics and Materials
Management
Transportation/Transportation
Management
Industrial/Manufacturing
Engineering
Logistics and Materials
Management
Industrial/Manufacturing
Technology/Technician
Purchasing,
Procurement/Acquisitions and
Contracts Management
Industrial/Manufacturing
Engineering
Industrial Engineering
Engineering/Industrial
Management
Industrial/Manufacturing
Technology/Technician
Systems Engineering
Industrial/Manufacturing
Engineering
Industrial Engineering
State
Degree
Grads.
VA
Bachelors degree
104
NY
Masters degree
100
OH
Bachelors degree
100
TX
VA
AL
Masters degree
Bachelors degree
Bachelors degree
100
100
93
FL
NY
WA
Masters degree
Bachelors degree
Associates degree
92
92
91
WI
IL
Bachelors degree
Masters degree
89
89
PR
Bachelors degree
87
IL
Masters degree
86
TX
FL
Bachelors degree
Masters degree
85
85
CT
Bachelors degree
82
MI
Bachelors degree
81
IA
Bachelors degree
81
OH
Bachelors degree
79
OH
Bachelors degree
79
MN
Bachelors degree
77
MO
Masters degree
76
CA
Bachelors degree
75
IA
MI
Bachelors degree
Masters degree
75
70
MI
Associates degree
70
NY
NY
Bachelors degree
Bachelors degree
69
69
IL
Bachelors degree
67
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
PAGE 53
Institution
East Carolina University
Central Michigan University
Johns Hopkins University
The University of Texas at
Arlington
University of Florida
Southeast Missouri State
University
North Carolina State University at
Raleigh
Pennsylvania State UniversityMain Campus
Lehigh University
Stanford University
Purdue University-Main Campus
Focus Hope Machinist Training
Institute
University of Arkansas Main
Campus
New Jersey Institute of Technology
North Georgia College and State
University
North Harris Montgomery
Community College District
Heart of Georgia Technical College
Bowling Green State UniversityMain Campus
University of Missouri-Rolla
University of Pittsburgh-Main
Campus
Arizona State University-Main
Campus
University of California-Berkeley
United States Merchant Marine
Academy
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and
State Univ
University of Southern California
Baker College Corporate Services
Universidad Politecnica De Puerto
Rico
Florida International University
CIP Description
Industrial/Manufacturing
Technology/Technician
Logistics and Materials
Management
Systems Engineering
Industrial Engineering
Systems Engineering
Industrial
Technology/Technician
Industrial/Manufacturing
Engineering
Logistics and Materials
Management
Industrial Engineering
Engineering/Industrial
Management
Industrial/Manufacturing
Engineering
Industrial/Manufacturing
Technology/Technician
Industrial/Manufacturing
Engineering
Engineering/Industrial
Management
Purchasing,
Procurement/Acquisitions and
Contracts Management
Industrial/Manufacturing
Technology/Technician
Logistics and Materials
Management
Logistics and Materials
Management
Engineering/Industrial
Management
Industrial/Manufacturing
Engineering
Industrial/Manufacturing
Engineering
Operations Research
Systems Engineering
Industrial Engineering
Industrial/Manufacturing
Engineering
Industrial Engineering
Industrial/Manufacturing
Technology/Technician
Engineering/Industrial
Management
Industrial Engineering
State
Degree
Grads.
NC
Bachelors degree
67
MI
Bachelors degree
65
MD
TX
Masters degree
Masters degree
65
64
FL
MO
Bachelors degree
Bachelors degree
64
62
NC
Bachelors degree
62
PA
62
PA
CA
Award of less than
1 academic year
Bachelors degree
Bachelors degree
62
62
IN
Masters degree
59
MI
59
AR
Award of less than
1 academic year
Bachelors degree
NJ
Masters degree
57
GA
Bachelors degree
57
TX
57
OH
Award of less than
1 academic year
Award of less than
1 academic year
Bachelors degree
55
MO
Bachelors degree
54
PA
Bachelors degree
53
AZ
Masters degree
52
CA
NY
Bachelors degree
Bachelors degree
52
50
WI
VA
Masters degree
Masters degree
50
48
CA
MI
Masters degree
Bachelors degree
47
47
PR
Masters degree
47
FL
Masters degree
46
GA
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
PAGE 54
58
56
Institution
CIP Description
Arizona State University-Main
Campus
University of Louisiana at Lafayette
Industrial/Manufacturing
Engineering
Industrial/Manufacturing
Technology/Technician
Systems Engineering
Industrial/Manufacturing
Engineering
Purchasing,
Procurement/Acquisitions and
Contracts Management
Industrial/Manufacturing
Technology/Technician
Operations Research
Logistics and Materials
Management
Logistics and Materials
Management
Industrial Engineering
Industrial Engineering
Industrial/Manufacturing
Technology/Technician
Operations Research
Transportation/Transportation
Management
Industrial/Manufacturing
Technology/Technician
Systems Engineering
Industrial/Manufacturing
Engineering
Industrial/Manufacturing
Technology/Technician
Industrial/Manufacturing
Engineering
Industrial/Manufacturing
Technology/Technician
Industrial
Technology/Technician
Systems Engineering
Systems Engineering
Engineering/Industrial
Management
Systems Engineering
Industrial/Manufacturing
Engineering
Industrial Engineering
Industrial/Manufacturing
Technology/Technician
Industrial/Manufacturing
Engineering
Operations Research
University of Virginia-Main Campus
Syracuse University
Hocking College
Millersville University of
Pennsylvania
Princeton University
Central Michigan University
University of North Texas
Wayne State University
University of South Florida
Jackson State University
University of California-Berkeley
Bates Technical College
Southeastern Louisiana University
Florida International University
Oklahoma State University-Main
Campus
Eastern Michigan University
North Carolina State University at
Raleigh
Alcorn State University
Texas A & M University-Commerce
University of Southern California
Iowa State University
University of Kansas Main Campus
Naval Postgraduate School
Ohio University-Main Campus
University of Iowa
Appalachian State University
New Mexico State University-Main
Campus
California State UniversityFullerton
State
Degree
Grads.
AZ
Bachelors degree
46
LA
Bachelors degree
45
VA
NY
Masters degree
Masters degree
45
44
OH
Award of less than
1 academic year
44
PA
Bachelors degree
43
NJ
MI
Bachelors degree
Bachelors degree
43
43
TX
Bachelors degree
43
MI
FL
MS
Masters degree
Masters degree
Bachelors degree
43
43
42
CA
WA
42
42
LA
Masters degree
Award of less than
1 academic year
Bachelors degree
FL
OK
Bachelors degree
Masters degree
41
41
MI
Masters degree
41
NC
Masters degree
40
MS
Bachelors degree
40
TX
Masters degree
40
CA
IA
KS
Masters degree
Masters degree
Masters degree
39
39
39
CA
OH
Masters degree
Bachelors degree
39
39
IA
NC
Bachelors degree
Bachelors degree
38
38
NM
Masters degree
38
CA
Masters degree
38
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
PAGE 55
42
Institution
University of Michigan-Dearborn
Southwest Missouri State
University
Wayne State University
Patrick Henry Community College
Universidad Politecnica De Puerto
Rico
Iowa State University
Johns Hopkins University
Georgia Southern University
Ohio State University-Main
Campus
Western Carolina University
Drexel University
Arizona State University East
Ohio Northern University
Dalton State College
University of Pennsylvania
Eastern Illinois University
Mississippi State University
Tufts University
Johns Hopkins University
San Jose State University
University of St Thomas
Ivy Tech State College-Northeast
Naval Postgraduate School
Massachusetts Institute of
Technology
Rutgers University-New Brunswick
Eastern Illinois University
George Mason University
CIP Description
Industrial/Manufacturing
Engineering
Industrial/Manufacturing
Technology/Technician
Engineering/Industrial
Management
Industrial/Manufacturing
Technology/Technician
Industrial Engineering
Transportation/Transportation
Management
Industrial/Manufacturing
Engineering
Logistics and Materials
Management
Industrial/Manufacturing
Engineering
Industrial/Manufacturing
Technology/Technician
Engineering/Industrial
Management
Industrial
Technology/Technician
Industrial
Technology/Technician
Industrial/Manufacturing
Technology/Technician
Systems Engineering
Industrial
Technology/Technician
Industrial/Manufacturing
Technology/Technician
Engineering/Industrial
Management
Systems Engineering
Industrial/Manufacturing
Engineering
Systems Engineering
Industrial
Technology/Technician
Purchasing,
Procurement/Acquisitions and
Contracts Management
Systems Engineering
Industrial/Manufacturing
Engineering
Industrial
Technology/Technician
Systems Engineering
State
Degree
Grads.
MI
Masters degree
38
MO
Bachelors degree
38
MI
Masters degree
38
VA
Associates degree
37
PR
Bachelors degree
37
IA
Bachelors degree
37
MD
Masters degree
37
GA
Bachelors degree
36
OH
Masters degree
36
NC
Bachelors degree
36
PA
Masters degree
36
AZ
Bachelors degree
36
OH
Bachelors degree
35
GA
Associates degree
35
PA
IL
Bachelors degree
Bachelors degree
35
35
MS
Bachelors degree
34
MA
Masters degree
34
MD
34
CA
Postbaccalaureate
certificate
Bachelors degree
MN
IN
Masters degree
Associates degree
33
33
CA
Masters degree
33
MA
Masters degree
33
NJ
Bachelors degree
33
IL
Masters degree
33
VA
Masters degree
32
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
PAGE 56
34
Institution
Oklahoma State University-Main
Campus
Clemson University
Middle Tennessee State University
University of Houston-University
Park
Oklahoma State University-Main
Campus
Portland State University
Farmingdale State University of
New York
Clackamas Community College
Devry University-California
Georgia Institute of TechnologyMain Campus
Portland State University
Iti Technical College
Ivy Tech State College-Southwest
University of Arkansas Main
Campus
New York University
Western Washington University
Oakland University
Suny at Buffalo
University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign
Suny at Binghamton
Western Michigan University
Northeastern State University
Montana State UniversityBozeman
Washington State University
Devry University-Missouri
United States Air Force Academy
University of Nevada-Reno
Georgia College and State
University-Robins Air Force Base
CIP Description
Industrial/Manufacturing
Engineering
Industrial Engineering
Industrial/Manufacturing
Technology/Technician
Industrial Engineering
Engineering/Industrial
Management
Engineering/Industrial
Management
Industrial
Technology/Technician
Industrial
Technology/Technician
Purchasing,
Procurement/Acquisitions and
Contracts Management
Operations Research
Logistics and Materials
Management
Industrial/Manufacturing
Technology/Technician
Industrial
Technology/Technician
Logistics and Materials
Management
Operations Research
Industrial/Manufacturing
Technology/Technician
Engineering/Industrial
Management
Industrial Engineering
Industrial Engineering
Industrial Engineering
Engineering/Industrial
Management
Industrial Engineering
Industrial/Manufacturing
Engineering
Engineering/Industrial
Management
Purchasing,
Procurement/Acquisitions and
Contracts Management
Operations Research
Logistics and Materials
Management
Logistics and Materials
Management
State
Degree
Grads.
OK
Bachelors degree
32
SC
TN
Bachelors degree
Bachelors degree
32
32
TX
Masters degree
31
OK
Masters degree
31
OR
Masters degree
31
NY
Bachelors degree
31
OR
Associates degree
31
CA
Masters degree
31
GA
Masters degree
31
OR
Bachelors degree
31
LA
Associates degree
31
IN
Associates degree
30
AR
Bachelors degree
30
NY
WA
Masters degree
Bachelors degree
30
30
MI
Masters degree
30
NY
IL
Masters degree
Bachelors degree
30
29
NY
MI
Masters degree
Masters degree
29
29
OK
MT
Bachelors degree
Bachelors degree
29
29
WA
Masters degree
29
MO
Masters degree
29
CO
NV
Bachelors degree
Bachelors degree
29
29
GA
Masters degree
29
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
PAGE 57
Institution
Phillips Community College of the
University of Arkansas
Morehead State University
Texas A & M University-Kingsville
University of Miami
Colorado State University
North Carolina A & T State
University
Western Michigan University
North Dakota State UniversityMain Campus
University of Washington-Seattle
Campus
Case Western Reserve University
Pennsylvania State UniversityMain Campus
New England Institute of
Technology
University of Arizona
University of Southern California
University of Minnesota-Duluth
University of Missouri-Rolla
Mississippi State University
United States Military Academy
University of Louisville
Trinidad State Junior College
Wayne State University
Berea College
Duquesne University
Louisiana State Univ & Ag & Mech
& Hebert Laws Ctr
Suny at Buffalo
California State Polytechnic
University-Pomona
University of Pittsburgh-Main
Campus
Rochester Institute of Technology
Southeastern Louisiana University
CIP Description
Industrial/Manufacturing
Technology/Technician
Industrial/Manufacturing
Technology/Technician
Industrial/Manufacturing
Technology/Technician
Industrial Engineering
Industrial/Manufacturing
Technology/Technician
Industrial/Manufacturing
Technology/Technician
Industrial/Manufacturing
Engineering
Industrial/Manufacturing
Engineering
Industrial/Manufacturing
Engineering
Engineering/Industrial
Management
Industrial/Manufacturing
Engineering
Industrial/Manufacturing
Technology/Technician
Systems Engineering
Industrial Engineering
Industrial Engineering
Systems Engineering
Industrial/Manufacturing
Engineering
Engineering/Industrial
Management
Industrial/Manufacturing
Engineering
Industrial/Manufacturing
Technology/Technician
Logistics and Materials
Management
Industrial/Manufacturing
Technology/Technician
Logistics and Materials
Management
Industrial/Manufacturing
Engineering
Industrial Engineering
Industrial/Manufacturing
Engineering
Industrial/Manufacturing
Engineering
Industrial/Manufacturing
Engineering
Industrial/Manufacturing
State
AR
Degree
Grads.
29
KY
Award of less than
1 academic year
Bachelors degree
TX
Bachelors degree
28
FL
CO
Masters degree
Bachelors degree
28
28
NC
Masters degree
28
MI
Masters degree
28
ND
Bachelors degree
27
WA
Bachelors degree
27
OH
Masters degree
27
PA
Masters degree
27
RI
Associates degree
27
AZ
CA
MN
MO
MS
Bachelors degree
Bachelors degree
Bachelors degree
Masters degree
Bachelors degree
26
26
26
26
26
NY
Bachelors degree
26
KY
Masters degree
26
CO
26
MI
Award of at least 1
but less than 2
academic years
Bachelors degree
KY
Bachelors degree
26
PA
Bachelors degree
25
LA
Bachelors degree
25
NY
CA
Bachelors degree
Bachelors degree
25
25
PA
Masters degree
25
NY
Bachelors degree
25
LA
Associates degree
25
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
PAGE 58
29
26
Institution
Northeastern University
CIP Description
Technology/Technician
Engineering/Industrial
Management
State
MA
Degree
Masters degree
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
PAGE 59
Grads.
25
Appendix 5. Results of Qualitative Interviews
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
PAGE 60
Executive Interviews
Organization
3PL
Where there are
shortages
Primarily middle
management positions
Degreed professionals
for long-term
management
development (“benchstrength”), particularly
with some type of
logistics education;
candidates must have
grasp of operations;
does not typically recruit
from GT because
students are more
engineering oriented
What drives
hiring;
Some hiring
done for building
“bench strength,”
management
succession
Most hiring is
direct result of
new business,
which can
change quickly
New facilities
must sometimes
be opened very
quickly, as little
as 2 weeks
Experience vs.
education
Degrees ideal for lowlevel managers,
required for middle
and up
At least 1 year
experience for lowlevel managers, who
manage hourly
employees; 3 to 5
years required for
managing supervisors
Mix of internal
experience and
industry/business
knowledge ideal when
opening new facilities
Persons coming out of
college without
experience do not
understand how to
manage people, how
to communicate with
and motivate workers
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
How they recruit
Through recruiters
and internet, as well
as internally
PAGE 61
Georgia vs.
other states
Entry-level talent
is adequate in
Georgia
Neither surplus or
shortage of
logistics talent,
except
experienced,
degreed persons
who can move up
the management
ladder
Have not lost
people to logistics
positions in other
locations, relocations are
primarily due to
personal reasons;
generally the
opposite is true:
persons in
logistics move to
Atlanta
Relationship with
universities
Recruits only from
universities with
formal
undergraduate
logistics programs;
does not recruit
from Georgia
universities
Recruits all levels
of students,
including Ph.D.s
(rarely)
University
programs need to
be more specific to
logistics and
supply-chain
management; must
cultivate
management and
leadership skills;
must have an
internship program
Technical schools
only used for
existing employees
who have
management
potential but no
secondary
education
Willing to consider
Organization
Where there are
shortages
What drives
hiring;
Experience vs.
education
How they recruit
Georgia vs.
other states
IT
None, occasional needs
for specific skills in
development
engineering (e.g.,
experienced Windows
CE programmer)
Growth and
attrition, both are
slow and steady
Approximately 3
positions
currently open
only because the
hiring cycle time
Degrees generally
required for R&D
positions, also require
a minimum of 4-5
years experience
Experience is more
important than
education for other
positions
Recruiters and HR
staff
No problems finding
personnel
Not an issue
Some hiring from
universities and tech
colleges
Adequate to good
Not an issue
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
PAGE 62
Relationship with
universities
in-kind contribution
to universities;
already working
with Clayton State,
has worked on GT
student projects,
would enjoy
working with larger
universities
Interested in
working with
HBCU, need
diversity in upperlevel position
(industry-wide)
Have hired a fair
number of GT
grads and use GT
interns, also hire
from other techoriented schools
Programs are
adequate
Make use of
seminar programs
(Logistics Institute,
etc.) for highpotential personnel,
feedback from
programs has been
good
Would like to see
more RF
Organization
Where there are
shortages
What drives
hiring;
Experience vs.
education
How they recruit
Georgia vs.
other states
3PL
Transportation
management and
logistics sales,
particularly with
experience
General talent
Largest numeric needs
for drivers and
warehouse personnel
Acquisitions
Long-hours for
executives;
hiring contract
labor
Both degrees and
experience required
for management
positions
Interpersonal
networking for higher
level positions, some
use of recruiters
Ads and internet
used to recruit lower
level positions
Entry-level talent
is good
Not an issue
3PL, IT
Creative, critical thinkers
with industry experience
Business growth
and attrition
Concerned with
“logistics of
people,” getting
talent to the right
place quickly,
this is a business
imperative
Degrees required for
all positions, logisticsrelated experience
desired; both can be
from diverse sources
Various
Not an issue
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
PAGE 63
Relationship with
universities
technology training
programs at tech
colleges
Interested in
university
partnership on a
limited, nonmonetary basis
No relationships,
but approaching
GT
Would like to see
both university and
college programs
augmented,
particularly freight
brokerage training
in tech colleges
Very interested in
partnership with
universities
Extensive
partnerships
Hire from
universities
Students need to
cycle between the
classroom and
marketplace more
rapidly; such
students could be
source of business
intelligence for
Organization
Where there are
shortages
What drives
hiring;
Experience vs.
education
How they recruit
Georgia vs.
other states
Transportation
provider
Experienced, lower-level
personnel: agents and
drivers
Higher-level personnel
with combination of
technical and leadership
skills, experience/ability
to work in large-scale
operations
Persons with strong
general work skills and
logistics experience,
largest shortages in
drivers and experienced
managers
Current need for import
agent, import agent, and
customs clerks
Customer
demand,
business growth,
attrition,
corporate
objectives
Experience is much
more important,
degrees desired for
managers and
supervisors
Various
Constantly
networking and
interviewing
constantly
Hire from
competitors
Only an issue for
persons with
experience
working in large,
high-volume
operations
Entry-level talent
is adequate
No surpluses or
shortages, but not
a lot of interest in
the industry in
workforce
Generally easy to
recruit people to
Atlanta, away
from other major
metros
Not an issue
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
PAGE 64
Relationship with
universities
universities
Has no relationship
with universities or
colleges, and does
not generally hire
from them
University grads
tend to have high
salary expectations
and no experience
Training is a huge
investment,
personnel must
have a long-term
commitment
Would like to see
programs that give
students
experience, parttime jobs in
logistics
College can be
important for basic
skills, learning
ability, and general
business
knowledge
Students should be
informed about
opportunities in
logistics, but must
have reasonable
expectations about
Organization
Where there are
shortages
What drives
hiring;
Experience vs.
education
How they recruit
Georgia vs.
other states
Trucking, 3PL
Shortages is highly
trained, certifiably
qualified personnel at
both the low end (truck
drivers, fork lift
operators, warehouse
workers) and high end
(operations research
and management,
systems engineering,
programming, etc.)
Customer
requirements
and productivity.
Constantly
pursuing major
business (USPS,
LG Electronics,
Home Depot are
recent
customers)
Primarily from within,
via development and
succession planning
and
training/education,
and from
competitors
Entry-level
personnel is
adequate
Georgia is a
favorable location
because of
industry
opportunity,
climate, and
presence of major
metro
Atlanta competes
with Memphis,
Nashville,
Louisville,
Cleveland,
Columbus, Dallas,
Chicago
Logistics
Truck drivers, logistics,
The need to fill
Experience and
education are both
essential, although
exact combination
varies by customer
needs, person and
circumstance
High-end employees
require education in
accounting, systems
engineering, and
computer
programming, but
must be familiar with
customers, their
needs and
businesses
Low-end employees
have to have
experience and
training, now including
haz-mat, quality,
computers, etc.
Quality, ethics, and
leadership are
important areas for
training/education
Need mid-level
Multistate search
Maritime college
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
PAGE 65
Relationship with
universities
salary and career
path
Is interested in
recruiting from
universities
Interviewee is
adjunct faculty for
two universities,
including Georgia
Tech
Uses interns and
co-ops, and has
hired undergrads
from GT, UGA,
Emory
Seeking greater
diversity in hiring,
especially women
and minorities
Sees need for
more education in
ethics, leadership,
and quality
Low-level workers
need computer and
systems skills
Work with Georgia
Organization
Infrastructure
Manager
Where there are
shortages
warehouse workers.
Higher demand for
scheduling and planning
of cargo movement to
distribution warehouse
Well rounded,
understands, business
acumen, can beyond a
standard business
model. Understands
multiple transportation
modes.
Not as much the
maritime/marine
workers,
What drives
hiring;
land-based
demands.
Experience vs.
education
management with an
industry background.
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
How they recruit
Competition for
experience and
industry familiarity is
fierce.
Cannot rely on other
in-state locales.
PAGE 66
Georgia vs.
other states
level institutions in
the states,
whether its SUNY
or maritime
academy.
Landside support
network is
Georgia’s largest
gap today. Use
University of
Tennessee and
Arizona.
Relationship with
universities
Southern, UT,
Arizona.
Academic Interviews
1
Strengths
Technical capability,
engineering
Multinational firm linkages
Challenges
MLOG at MIT
Not well known business
program vs. University of
Tennessee
Lack of strategic business
courses
Lack of undergraduate program
Lack of understanding of
international logistics issues
Who Hires Graduates
Multinationals
3PLS
Large retailers with many outlets
Shippers
Suggested Initiatives
MBA+Masters in Engineering
Scholarship to retain logistics
graduates
RFID and information systems
Modular curriculum development
International firms
Multinationals
Risk Mitigation
International Logistics
Lean Logistics
Logistics portal
Incorporate logistics into core
business curriculums
Support offer of doctoral level
logistics program in Georgia
business school
Cooperative professional
development programs merging
business and technical aspects of
logistics
Draw on existing professional
association toolkits
Offer an undergraduate business
concentration in logistics
Need at least 3 faculty for this.
2,3
Professional development,
Executive programs
Multinational firm linkages
4
Some capability in
undergraduate business
programs
Maritime Logistics Innovation
Center
Best known programs are out
of state: U Tenn, Michigan
State, Arkansas, North Florida
Lack of academic expertise in
maritime logistics
Not enough logistics-faculty in
any business program
Logistics is a discipline, not a
skill to be taught
Large firms in Atlanta
5
Proximity to the Atlanta airport
Proximity to distribution firms
Advisory board of businesses
Some capability in
undergraduate business
programs
It is a competitive advantage for
logistics firms to have someone
Best programs are not in
Georgia: Penn State, Ohio
State, U of Tenn, Michigan
State
Lack of faculty resources to
create an accredited major
Logistics is a discipline, not a
skill to be taught
Entry level front line supervisory
positions
Inventory mgt.
Fleet mgt.
Freight forwarders
Distribution centers
Warehouses
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
PAGE 67
6
Strengths
with a college degree who can
see the big picture
Most graduates with logistics
education want to stay in
Georgia
Is an important industry in
Georgia
An increasing number of
positions in logistics require
college education (growth of IT
and importance of linking
supply chain)
Challenges
Who Hires Graduates
Trucking lines
Customs house brokers
Suggested Initiatives
No undergrad course in
logistics
Embedding logistics in existing
discipline limits possibility of
tenure
Logistics is a discipline, not a
skill to be taught
Industry is probably filling positions
with graduates from out-of-state
institutions
Most important to have good
undergraduate logistics business
program (need 3 faculty)
Program should be broad-based:
transportation, warehousing,
purchasing, modeling, network
design (Penn State is a model)
Embed logistics into business core
curriculum
Draw on existing professional
association toolkits
SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF HUMAN CAPITAL FOR LOGISTICS FIRMS
PAGE 68