th
Bilingual material 5 level of Primary Education
1. PARTS OF A PLANT
Plants have three main parts: roots, stem and leaves.
•
Roots: are in the soil. They obtain food and water from the soil and
provide support for the plant.
• Leaves: they breathe and make the plants´food.
•
Stem: It is the part of the plant that holds up the leaves and flowers.
It carries water and minerals up from the roots to the leaves. Stems
can be herbaceous and woody.
fruit
flower
leaf
stem
roots
2. CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS
2.1. Group of plants
On our planet there are more than 250,000
species of different plants.
All of these species are classified into two
groups: a group of plants without flowers (nonflowering plants) and a group of plants with
flowers (flowering plants). The plants with flowers
also always have seeds.
By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez
2
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Bilingual material 5 level of Primary Education
2.2. Plants with flowers.
Flowering plants.
Plants with flowers are divided into
two
large
groups:
gymnosperms
and
angiosperms.
•
Gymnosperms: They have small
Gimnosperm cone
flowers. Their flowers are very simple.
They do not have fruit. Most of them are
trees that have evergreen leaves. Some
examples
are
pines,
cedars,
firs
and
cypresses.
• Angiosperms: They have flowers
and fruit. In this group we find the biggest
plants and among them are grasses,
bushes
and
angiosperms
trees.
are
Examples
poppies,
Angiosperm fruit
olives
of
hyacinths,
rosemary, rockrose, chestnut tree, apple
tree, beech tree and oak tree.
2.3. Plants without flowers.
Non Flowering plants.
The plants without flowers (non-flowering
plants) do not have seeds or flowers.
The plants without flowers are mosses and
Mosses
ferns.
•
Mosses: Mosses are very small and simple
plants. They have very small roots which are fixed to
the ground, to rocks, or to trees.
•
Ferns: Ferns have an underground stem big
leaves.
Ferns
By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez
3
th
Bilingual material 5 level of Primary Education
•
Plants have three main parts: roots, stem and leaves.
•
Plants are classified into two groups: a group of plants without flowers (nonflowering plants) and a group of plants with flowers (flowering plants).
•
Plants with flowers (flowering plants) produce flowers and seeds and they
are the biggest group of plants. Plants with flowers are divided into two large
groups: gymnosperms and angiosperms.
•
Plants without flowers (non-flowering plants) are the smallest group of
plants. The plants without flowers are mosses and ferns.
ACTIVITIES
1. Read and match.
1. How many species of plants are
there?
e. About 250.000
2. What are the group of plants?
b. Mosses and ferns.
3. What are the plants without
flowers?
c. In the amgiosperms group.
4. What are the plants with
flowers?
d. Gymnosperms and
angiosperms.
5. Which group are the biggest
plants in?
f. They take water and mineral
salts.
a. Non flowering plants and
flowering plants.
6. What do plants take through
their roots?
2.- Complete this outline.
PLANTS
Plants with flowers
By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez
4
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Bilingual material 5 level of Primary Education
3.- Think and answer.
What are the main differences between angiosperm and
gymnosperm plants?
4.- Read and make sentences.
•
plants´food / make / Leaves / the
•
three / have / parts / main / Plants
•
water and minerals / up / to the leaves / The stem / carries / from / the
roots
•
small / flowers / have / simple / and / Gymnosperms
•
plants / flowers / are / without / Mosses
5.- Draw a plant and label its parts.
By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez
5
th
Bilingual material 5 level of Primary Education
3. Respiration and nutrition of Plants.
Sunlight
How do plants breathe?
Plants need to breathe because they are living
things. They take carbon dioxide from the air and
release oxygen.
Carbon
Plant Nutrition
dioxide CO2
Plants make their own food, that is to say, they
are autotrophs. Animals need other animals to feed
but plants make their own food using sunlight, carbon
dioxide, water and minerals.
Light
Oxigen
O2
Water
Minerals
Dióxido de Carbono
CO2
4. Water and Minerals.
How do plants breathe?
Plants
need
water
and
minerals for their nutrition. In the soil,
minerals dissolve in water. Plants take
this
water
from
their
roots.
These
nutrients are called raw sap and travel
up the stem to the leaves.
By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez
6
th
Bilingual material 5 level of Primary Education
5. Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is the process through
which plants make their own food, using
Sunlight
sunlight, carbon dioxide, water and minerals.
Therefore, the essential elements in the
photosynthesis process are: sunlight, water,
mineral salts and carbon dioxide in the air.
1- Water
through
and
the
mineral
roots
salts
of
are
the
Oxygen
O2
elaborate
sap
taken
plant
and
transported to the leaves by the stems.
2- Carbon dioxide from the air goes into the
leaves.
Carbon
Dioxide
CO2
3- In the leaves, raw sap mixes with
raw sap
carbon dioxide and becomes elaborate
sap, this is the plant´s food.
4- Sunlight is essential for photosynthesis,
so that, it only takes place in the day and
not at night.
Water and mineral salts
The plants capture light from the sun
through a substance called chlorophyll. At
the end of photosynthesis, plants produce
oxygen.
•
Plants take carbon dioxide from the air and release oxygen.
•
Plants make their own food, that is to say, they are autotrophs.
•
Plants need water and minerals for the nutrition. These nutrients are called
raw sap.
•
Photosynthesis enables plants to make their own food, using sunlight, carbon
dioxide, water and minerals.
By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez
7
th
Bilingual material 5 level of Primary Education
ACTIVITIES
6.- Read and write the answers.
•
A substance in a plant that helps it to capture the light from the sun.
•
The process through which plants make their own food.
•
They are very small and simple plants. They have very small roots which are
fixed to the ground, to rocks or to trees
•
The food of the plant.
•
A liquid which is necessary for plants.
•
A gas which is produced by plants.
7.- Make a sentence with each word.
Water
elaborate sap
oxygen
chlorophyll
sunlight
8.- Order the Photosynthesis process.
o Hydrogen is used with carbon dioxide to create food. In the leaves, raw sap
mixes with carbon dioxide and becomes elaborate sap, this is the plant´s
food.
o Sunlight is used to break down the water in the plant into oxygen which
plants give off and we use to breathe.
o Carbon dioxide from the air goes into the leaves through pores and spreads
to the cells that contain chlorophyll in the leaf.
o Water and mineral salts are taken through the roots of the plant and
transported to the leaves by the stems.
9.- Explain the difference between thick sap and elaborate sap.
10.- Think and answer.
Why are plants very important in nature?
By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez
8
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Bilingual material 5 level of Primary Education
3. REPRODUCTION OF PLANTS
3.1. Sexual reproduction
Plants produce flowers through sexual reproduction. Flowers are organs
produced by the plant. Flowers have one masculine part and one feminine
part. The masculine part is formed by the stamens where pollen is
produced with grains that are microscopic in size. The feminine part is the
ovary, which is in the centre of the flower. In the interior of the ovary are
the ovules, where the seeds are found.
4. Sexual reproduction.
Flowers are the reproductive organs of the plant. Flowers have one
masculine part and one feminine part.
• The masculine part is formed by the stamens where pollen is produced,
with grains microscopic that are in size.
• The feminine part is the ovary, which is in the centre of the flower. In the
interior of the ovary are the ovules, where the seeds are found.
corolla
petal
ovary
sepal
stamen
calyx
ovules
By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez
9
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Bilingual material 5 level of Primary Education
4.1. Pollination.
The first step in reproduction is pollination.
Pollination is the transportation of the pollen grains
from the stamen to the ovary.
It can occur in two
ways:
•
Pollenization by insects:
Insects carry the pollen from one flower to another
flower. To attract the insects, the flowers can be big,
beautiful and have a nice smell, and also produce
Insects carry the pollen
from one flower to
another.
nectar, a sugary liquid.
•
Pollenization by wind:
Wind carries the pollen grains from one flower to
another.
4.2. Seeds and fruit
After pollination, the flower changes. Petals fall
and the ovary grows and becomes a fruit with
seeds. Finally the fruit opens and the seeds fall out.
The seeds germinate: they open and small
roots and leaves grow. A new plant is formed.
5. Asexual reproduction.
Many plants with flowers can reproduce without
contact with other flowers or seeds. This type of reproduction
is called asexual reproduction.
• Tubers: for example, potatoes have underground
stems.
•
Bulbs: for example, onions, also grow underground.
By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez
10
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Bilingual material 5 level of Primary Education
4. TYPES OF PLANTS
According to their size plants can be divided
into:
•
Trees: They have a large, single trunk
rising above the ground. The trunk is composed
of wood and usually has different branches. The
largest plants are trees.
•
Bushes: They have more than one woody
stem rising from the ground. They are smaller
than trees.
•
Grasses: All herbs are herbaceous plants.
They do not have the woody stems of trees and
bushes.
DAISY
GERANIUM
TULIPS
CAMELLIA
POPPY
HYACINTH
ROSEBUSH
ROSEMARY
By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez
11
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Bilingual material 5 level of Primary Education
CYPRESS
PINE TREE
OLIVE TREE
OAK TREE
APPLE TREE
ORANGE TREE
PALM
CHESTNUT
TREE
•
Plants produce flowers through sexual reproduction. Flowers are organs
produced by the plant.
•
The masculine part is formed by the stamens. The feminine part is the ovary
in its interior are the ovules.
•
The first step in reproduction is pollination. It can occur in two ways:
pollenization by insects and by wind.
•
Many plants with flowers can reproduce without contact with other flowers or
seeds, this is called asexual reproduction.
•
Plants can be divided into: trees, bushes and grasses.
ACTIVITIES
11.- Read and complete these sentences.
• The masculine part of a plant is formed by ...
• The feminine part of a plant is formed by…
• The first step in reproduction is ...
• Pollenization is the transport of the pollen grains from the ... to the ...
• In asexual reproduction many plants can reproduce without contact with
other flowers or ...
• After pollenization ovules transform into ...
By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez
12
th
Bilingual material 5 level of Primary Education
12.- Read and put these sentences in order.
• first / step / pollenization / The / reproduction / is / in
• transform / ovules / After / pollenization / seeds / into
• are / organs / produced / Flowers / plant / by
• carry / the / Insects / flower / from / one / pollen / another / to
• ways / Pollenization / in / two / occurs
• embryo / an / seed / The / has / in / centre / its
• plants / can / without / Some / reproduce / with / contact / plants / other
• masculine / is / stamens / The / part / formed / the / by
13.- Draw a flower with its masculine and feminine part.
14.- Read and complete this crossword.
Across
2.
5.
7.
8.
9.
11.
12.
13.
15.
17.
Their seeds are formed in the interior of the fruit and flowers are big and beautiful.
Where pollen is produced.
a feminine part in the centre of the flower.
The part of the plant that converts energy from sunlight into chemical energy through
photosynthesis.
The transportation of the pollen grains from the stamen to the ovary.
Plants with a large and single trunk rising above the ground. The trunk is composed of wood
and usually has different branches.
Plants release this gas.
Most of them are trees which do not have fruit and have perennial leaves.
A type of animals which are very important in pollenization.
The fruit contains it in its interior and protects it.
Down
1.
3.
4.
6.
10.
14.
16.
A vegetable with asexual reproduction.
The process through which plants make their own food.
A substance that helps plants to capture sunlight.
A tree which give us apples.
Plants take in water and mineral salts through them.
Small and simple plants.
The part of the plant that holds it up.
By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez
13
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Bilingual material 5 level of Primary Education
1
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4
5
3
6
7
8
9
10
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EclipseCrossword.com
15.- Find four grasses, two bushes and four trees.
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By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez
K
14
th
Bilingual material 5 level of Primary Education
16.- Look and write: Mosses, ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
17.- Complete the outline.
THE PLANTS
are classified into
Plants without flowers
They make the
They provide
nutrition
…………………………….
…………………………….
includes
It can be
Respiration
Mosses
………….
…………..
………….
and
…………………………….
By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez
15
sexual
…………..
th
Bilingual material 5 level of Primary Education
18.- Listen to the teacher and say “true” or “false”
“Plants are living things”
True!!
19.- Read and complete this summary.
………. is the process through which plants make their own food. Photosynthesis is performed
by the ………. of plants. The water and mineral salts of the ………. combined with carbon dioxide
transform into an ………. which is the food of the plant.
In order to transform the thick sap into an elaborate sap, plants need ………. from the sun.
Because of this, plants can only perform photosynthesis during the ………. when there is light.
The plants capture light from the ……… through a substance called ………. At the end of
photosynthesis, plants produce ………..
20.- Read and choose the correct answer.
a) The stem of trees are: soft and flexible
hard
b) Plants without flowers are:
angiosperms
mosses
c) Photosynthesis is performed by the: leaves
roots
d) Plants with small flowers and without fruit are: gymnosperms
angiosperms
e) Plants take water and mineral salts through: leaves
roots
f) Plants can only perform photosynthesis during the: day
night
g) Plants capture light through a substance called: chlorophyll
h) Plants release:
oxygen
i) Seeds are inside the:
carbon dioxide
fruit
flower
j) The reproductive organs of the plant are the: leaves
By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez
thick sap
16
flowers
th
Bilingual material 5 level of Primary Education
21.- Make 4 sentences. Two true and two false and ask your classmate about
them.
1. ..............................
2. ..............................
3. ..............................
4. ..............................
22.- Choose two plants, stick the card and...Play Bingo!!
MOSSES
GERANIUM
CACTUS
PALM
POPPY
CHESTNUT
TREE
FERNS
ROSEMARY
By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez
17
th
Bilingual material 5 level of Primary Education
23.- Sing this song
Pines, trees and oak trees
Need to breathe need to breathe
The sun will give them all the light
To elaborate the sap.
Gymnosperms and Angiosperms
Are my friends are my friends
I must water them twice a week
To nurture as they deserve.
Oxygen and hydrogen
Are in the air, are in the air
We breathe these gases everyday
Trees and bushes too.
Pollen grains are falling down
To the flowers to the flowers
There is a pretty bumble bee
Flying all around.
24.- Make a project. My plant
1. Find a plant on internet, in a magazine...
2. Draw the plant on a canvas using your carbon
pencil
3. Paint and colour your plant with your
school paints (tempera)
4. Write the name of the plant and decorate it.
5. Talk to your partners in the class.
25.- What can you do? Cross .
Hello, my friends!! Read
and write a cross.
Do you recognize and understand some oral expressions,
texts and words related to plants?¿Reconoces algunas
palabras y expresiones orales relacionadas con las plantas?
Can you read information plants and different processes
and understand the most important information?
¿Puedes leer información sobre las plantas y diferentes procesos
y comprender la información más relevante?
Can you speak about plants and the different processes
that they make?
¿Puedes hablar sobre las plantas y los diferentes procesos que
llevan a cabo??
Do you talk to your classmates about plants and their
importance?
¿Hablas con tus compañeros/as acerca de las plantas y su
importancia?
Can you make projects about plants?
¿Puedes realizar proyectos sobre las plantas?
By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez
18
th
Bilingual material 5 level of Primary Education
Root:
Cypress:
Air:
Stem:
Tree:
To take:
Leaves:
Bush:
Autotrophs:
Soil:
Grass:
Organ:
To obtain:
Poppy:
Stamen:
To provide:
Hyacinth:
Ovary:
To breathe:
Rockrose:
Ovule:
To make:
Rosemary:
Pollination:
Food:
Chesnut tree:
To attract:
To carry:
Apple tree:
Smell:
Flower:
Beech tree:
To produce:
Minerals:
Oak tree:
To fall:
Herbaceous:
Mosse:
To become:
Woody:
Fern:
To germinate:
Always:
Ground:
To reproduce:
Seed:
Underground:
Asexual:
Gymnosperm:
Carbon dioxide:
Tubers:
Angiosperm:
Photosyhthesis:
Bulbs:
Fruit:
Raw sap:
Perennial:
Elaborate sap:
Pine:
To mix:
Cedar:
To release:
Fir:
Oxygen:
By Miguel A. Cabo Sánchez
19