Lab #1: Porosity and Permeability
Earth Science Labs
Materials :
4 plastic cups with holes punched in the bottom
Coffee filters for each cup
Sand, rocks, soil from backyard
Clock to calculate time
Measuring cup
Procedures:
1) Place a coffee filter into each cup.
2) Put 1 cup of sand in one cup. Put 1 cup of rocks in a separate cup and place 1 cup of soil in the last cup.
3) Place the sand cup in an empty measuring bowl, so you can measure the amount of water filtering through the substrate.

Materials :
3 plastic cups
1 cup of 3 types of substrate (sand, soil, rocks)
1 measuring bowl
Calculator
Procedure:
1) Write your prediction as to which substrate can hold the most water. Justify your answer.
2) Fill each plastic cup with one of the following: 1 cup of sand, 1 cup of soil, 1 cup of rocks
3) Fill your measuring bowl to 1 cup of water.
4) Record 100 ml on your lab sheet as your starting volume.
5) Slowly pour the water from the beaker into one of the substrates in the plastic cups until there is a very THIN layer of water covering the substrate. Begin with sand.
6) Read the remaining volume of water in the beaker and record the volume as the finish volume.
7) Repeat steps 4 through 6 for each of the substrates.
8) Complete the calculations.
9) Answer the questions in complete sentences and complete the drawings on the beack of the lab sheet.

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Earth Science Lab #2: Sea Water Properties
Materials: Food Coloring, Salt, cups, hard-boiled egg