LONG ISLAND’S Brookhaven National Laboratory: Science is Brookhaven Lab is the only national lab located in the Northeast and one of New York State’s largest centers of scientific research with special emphasis on growing the technology-based elements of the Long Island economy. The future competitiveness of New York’s economy depends on its capacity for innovation, and Brookhaven represents a uniquely valuable resource— both as a major science-based enterprise and as a source of discoveries that drive entrepreneurs and innovators. Brookhaven research has been honored by seven Nobel Prizes, as well as National Medals of Science, Enrico Fermi Awards, Wolf Foundation Prizes and dozens of R&D 100 awards. A Passion for Discovery: The Edges of the Universe Brookhaven National Laboratory applies its expertise and world-class facilities to pressing scientific questions about everything from the fundamental forces of nature to the complex interactions of ecosystems and the environment. Their cutting-edge explorations reveal processes that unfold across the smallest and largest scales of time and space imaginable—from the building blocks of matter to the edges of the universe itself. Energy Innovation at Brookhaven Lab Our nation faces grand challenges: finding alternative and cleaner energy sources and improving efficiency to meet our exponentially continued on page 14, column 2 12 NETWORKING® June 2015 ABOUT B R O O K H AV E N N AT I O N A L L A B O R AT O RY Upper left: STAR Tracks... At nearly the speed of light, two 30-billion electron volt beams collide at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Above: New York State Lieutenant Governor Kathleen Hochul (center) visits the CSX beamline at NSLS-II with Deputy Associate Lab Director for Energy Sciences & NSLS-II Director John Hill (left) and Lab Director Doon Gibbs (right). STORY BY SALLY GILHOOLEY • PHOTOS COURTESY BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LAB S cience is transforming our tomorrows. The work going on at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) and Stony Brook University puts Long Island at the forefront of our country’s new energy future. BNL is managed on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) by Brookhaven Science Associates LLC (BSA), a partnership between Stony Brook University and *Battelle. Brookhaven Lab is a world-leading scientific organization and a source of technology innovation benefiting Long Island, the nation and the world. “The overarching goal of the U.S. Department of Energy is to discover the solutions that power and secure America's future. We share that goal at Brookhaven Lab,” said Dr. Doon Gibbs, Brookhaven Lab Director. “We have a major focus on energy science, for example, developing materials that enable advanced batteries, solar cells, and other sustainable energy technologies to help reduce the country's reliance on fossil fuels—and also reduce its carbon emissions. Another focus is understanding the world around us, including the origin and properties of visible matter in the Universe. Altogether, our mission adds up to nothing less than advancing science and technology to make the world a better place.” Robert Catell, Chairman, Advanced Energy Research and Technology Center (AERTC) at Stony Brook University, told Networking® magazine, "The unique relationship between the Advanced Energy Center at Stony Brook and Brookhaven National Laboratory allows Long Island to be a leader in developing new technologies in energy storage, Brookhaven Lab Director renewable power, superconducting materials and smart grids. That relationship results in a new energy economy: less carbon intensive, better for the environment and less dependent on hydrocarbons from the Middle East." Sources of Power Most people agree that if they could get their energy at a similar cost from a source that uses fewer hydrocarbons, they would do that. The challenge is to get more renewable energy at a lower cost. To get off carbon fuels there are two major areas of opportunity. First, using less energy from big power plants “The overarching goal of the U.S. Department of Energy is to discover the solutions that power and secure America's future. We share that goal at Brookhaven Lab.” — Dr. Doon Gibbs NEW ENERGY FUTURE Transforming Our Tomorrows and more distributed energy and renewable energy. Second, updating our transportation fleet making electric cars more affordable and more practical. . The Long Island Solar Farm (LISF), a 32-megawatt project on a 195-acre site at BNL’s Upton location, features a 164,000 solar panel array held in place by 6,800 racks tilted towards the sun. LISF, built by BP Solar and MetLife, is the Island’s poster child for how to green our energy, providing enough energy to PSEG to power 4,500 Long Island homes. David Manning, Director, Stakeholder and Community Relations Office at BNL, in an interview with Networking® magazine said, “Not only do we have the biggest solar photovoltaic farm east of the Mississippi, but we are working to create better solar power components for everybody. The Lab has an entire team working to make solar panels more efficient—so they absorb more energy from the sun and reflect less. And, if we are going to rely on intermittent power sources like solar and wind, we need better batteries to store electricity, because the sun sets every night and wind doesn’t blow every day.” BNL has built a second smaller solar array inside the Lab called the Northeast Solar Energy Research Center (NSERC) which is just one megawatt devoted exclusively to scientific testing. It provides a big opportunity to study renewables and ways to electrify the transportation fleet using battery storage. Manning added that the answers for better solar panels and batteries grow out of the scientific research going on now at Brookhaven Lab and Stony Brook University giving Long Island a major role in the world’s energy future. That same battery technology is helping with the electrification of the vehicle fleet, the other big energy user in the country. The Eye of the Moth When clouds come over LISF, solar power fades, so in order to balance that loss, BNL scientists are researching ways to improve the solar panels themselves. They are studying the eye of a moth because a moth flies at night and a moth’s eye lets in more light than that of any other creature. BNL is looking at the surface of that eye on a nano-scale to see how the moth can do that. They are taking the little variations of the eye of the moth and applying those to solar panels because by reflecting less and absorbing more light you have a more efficient panel. If that technology can be advanced, every solar panel in the world will generate more electricity at the same cost and, perhaps, using the same materials – a big way to bring costs down for the future. Building Better Batteries The next step as you balance the increased load of more solar and wind power is to have better batteries powering our vehicle fleet, the other big energy user that needs to be made more efficient. “One of the real challenges of the new energy economy is energy storage, and better batteries will be part of the solution. They allow us to electrify the automotive fleet and support the Long Island grid, to incorporate more wind and solar,” explained Manning. “The tricky thing about energy is that you cannot store it easily, especially in large amounts. The challenge today is to invent a better battery that lasts longer, charges more quickly and is more affordable. “Science at Brookhaven Lab has already produced a new battery, built by GE, that is bigger and helps power locomotives. The next generation of batteries may well come from BNL and Stony Brook University,” he added. The Long Island Solar Farm (LISF) is a 32-megawatt solar photovoltaic power plant built through a collaboration including BP Solar, the Long Island Power Authority (LIPA), and the Department of Energy. Dr. Esther Takeuchi, SUNY Distinguished Professor in the Departments of Materials Science and Engineering and Chemistry at Stony Brook University and Chief Scientist, Energy Sciences Directorate at Brookhaven National Laboratory and a renowned expert in developing batteries said, "Energy storage will play a key role in the energy landscape of the future. The integration of renewable forms of energy, which are often intermittent, may benefit from the integration of an appropriately designed rechargeable battery. The advanced instrumentation at Brookhaven Lab is leading to new insights about how batteries function. This information may lead to further breakthroughs in energy storage science." Alcatraz Island In 1972, Alcatraz Island, formerly a federal prison, became a national recreation area and received designation as a National Historic Landmark in 1986. Today, the Island's facilities are managed by the National Park Service. Alcatraz’ power had been running off a cable in the Pacific Ocean but a ship ripped out that connection in the 60’s. Until recently, Alcatraz has been running on two diesel generators. “For fifty years Alcatraz National Park has been smoking away on diesel fumes,” said Manning. “And, they have now solved the problem by putting solar panels on the roof, hidden behind walls so that nobody can see them from land. continued on page 14, column 1 David Manning Director, Stakeholder and Community Relations Officer at Brookhaven National Laboratory Robert Catell Chairman, Advanced Energy Research and Technology Center (AERTC) at Stony Brook University Dr. Esther Takeuchi SUNY Distinguished Professor at Stony Brook University and a Chief Scientist, at Brookhaven National Laboratory NETWORKING® June 2015 13 Dr. Doon Gibbs Brookhaven National Laboratory Director LONG ISLAND’S NEW ENERGY FUTURE ABOUT BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LAB continued from page 12, column 1 continued from page 13 The panels are sending power down to the basement to batteries that were improved using BNL’s facilities. They are using this same model in Africa where energy storage is helping improve the quality of life in remote areas. The same technology will allow you to put more solar panels and more wind into the grid here on Long Island. Improving Superconductors A superconductor is basically material that transmits energy without loss. It is called a superconductor because electricity goes through the copper or aluminum wires with zero resistance. The hesitation in using them is their huge costs. Some substances conduct better than others, and a superconductor will allow the electricity to move with zero resistance so you can move more energy with less loss along the way. What scientists at BNL are doing is trying to understand more about superconductors to make them more affordable. Manning explained, “If you upgrade the grid with today’s superconductors, you can move much more energy, but the cost to install and operate them is still too high to be practical. Electricity is expensive on Long Island, but technologies being developed at Brookhaven have the potential to make the system far more efficient.” He concluded, “Sustainable answers lie in understanding the science of energy technology. Through the research and development happening at Brookhaven Lab and Stony Brook University, we have the tools and intellectual capital to make major strides in improving energy technology, for Long Island, New York State, the country, and the world.” ■ 14 NETWORKING® June 2015 *Battelle is a global research and development organization committed to science. It maintains more than 60 locations worldwide, putting resources where clients need them most. Facilities serve a wide spectrum of research, manufacturing and innovation interests for both scientific and commercial advantage including manufacturing centers; software and technology offices; and analytical, chemical, biological and material science laboratories. A network of strategic partnerships further extends Battelle’s reach into government labs, academic institutions, and corporate research centers. growing energy needs. Researchers at Brookhaven National Laboratory are poised to meet these challenges with basic and applied research programs aimed at advancing the effective use of renewable energy through improved conversion, transmission, and storage. Carbon-Free Generation Carbon-free central generation of electricity, either through fossil fuel combustion with carbon dioxide capture and storage or development of renewable sources such as solar, wind, and/or nuclear power, is key to our future energy portfolio. Brookhaven provides tools and techniques for studying geological carbon dioxide sequestration and analyzing safety issues for nuclear systems. Renewables Integration Ongoing Brookhaven research aims to improve the critical properties of superconducting materials, which are key to integrating renewables on the grid. The 32megawatt Long Island Solar Farm at Brookhaven offers a unique opportunity for our researchers to study utility-scale photovoltaic plant performance and grid integration. Grid-Scale Storage BNL research is focused on developing a variety of storage technologies, including advanced battery materials and superconducting magnet energy storage systems. The Lab’s connections to the NYBEST Consortium and the New York State Smart Grid Consortium (NYSSCG) provide a solid connection to local and regional utility needs. Robust Distribution Systems Improved distribution efficiency and customer empowerment will be enabled by a next-generation distribution system that incorporates feedback from end-user devices and automatically adjusts accordingly. The Lab is actively working with a New York State utility on a modeling technology that will help identify and reduce losses Improved Catalysts To obtain a fundamental understanding of catalytic processes used to produce and improve clean fuels, novel catalysts are being produced to remove sulfur from oil and prevent acid rain, and to transform pollutants into alcohols that can be used as clean fuels. Electro-Catalysis in Fuel Cells Fuel cells facilitate direct conversion of the chemical energy in fuel to electricity. Catalysts are essential components of fuel cell electrodes that make high-efficiency conversion possible. Brookhaven is developing catalysts that contain much smaller amounts of platinum, reducing the amount of precious metals needed to manufacture fuel cells for electric cars thus lowering production costs. Solar-to-Fuel Conversion While solar generation of electricity is important, hydrogen and liquid fuels are essential for long-term storage of energy as a replacement for fossil-based fuels. Brookhaven scientists are working on ways to use the sun to transform water and carbon dioxide into fuels like hydrogen and oxygen, and using a carbon dioxide reduction process to produce important industrial raw materials Biofuels Brookhaven biologists are exploring strategies for engineering plants optimally tailored for biofuel production. Researchers also study the applications of biofuels and alternative fuels— how we use them and their limitations. ■