Sl.4: Russian Literature and Culture from the Golden Age to the Silver Age Chekhov and Tolstoy in Crimea (1901) Photo by S.A. Tolstaya Course Adviser: Dr Alyson Tapp (alt33@cam.ac.uk) Handbook 2014-­‐15 Contents 1. Introduction……………………………………................................................ 3 2. Overview of Texts and Topics for 2014-­‐15…………………………………….. 3 3. Teaching & Assessment………………………………………………………………… 4 4. Preparatory Reading…………………………………………………………………….. 5 5. Reading Lists………………………………………………………………………………… 5 Using the Reading Lists……………………………………………………… 5 Section A: Set Texts…………………………………………………………… 6 Section B: Prescribed Authors…………………………………………… 10 Section C: Topics……………………………………………………………….. 13 2 Sl.4: Russian Literature and Culture from the Golden Age to the Silver Age Course Adviser: Dr Alyson Tapp (alt33@cam.ac.uk) 2014-­‐15 Introduction The nineteenth century saw the rapid development of Russian literary culture – from the emergence of the modern Russian literary language, to the rise of the great Russian novel, and, by the end of the century, the launch of modernism in Russia. Bold in their formal and aesthetic innovation, the works of this period pose the decisive questions of Russian modernity and pursue urgent issues of social, political and theological import. The course is a study of Russian literature from the beginning of the nineteenth century through the early twentieth century and introduces students to a range of authors, genres and issues. In order to achieve a balance of depth and breadth, the paper is organized around the study of two set texts, two prescribed authors, and three topics. (There are suggested pathways through the texts and topics tailored to Part IB, option A (ex-­‐ab initio) students, but students should not feel limited to these). Overview of Texts and Topics for 2014-­‐15 Set Texts: A1. Aleksandr Pushkin, Evgenii Onegin (1825-­‐32) A2. Lev Tolstoi, Anna Karenina (1873-­‐77) Prescribed Authors: B1. Nikolai Gogol’ B2. Anton Chekhov Topics: C1. The Elegy (1800s-­‐1830s) C2. Fiction and Ideology in the 1860s C3. The Silver Age: Symbolist Aesthetics and Anxieties (1890s-­‐1916) 3 Teaching Weekly lectures in Michaelmas and Lent; weekly (2hr) revision seminars in Easter. Ten fortnightly supervisions throughout the year. Lecture Schedule Michaelmas Wk. Lecture 1 elegy 2 elegy 3 elegy/EO 4 Evgenii Onegin 5 Evgenii Onegin 6 Gogol 7 Gogol 8 Anna Karenina Easter Wk. Seminar 1 EO/elegy 2 AK/1860s 3 Gogol/Chekhov 4 Silver Age/other Supervision elegy EO EO Gogol Supervision Silver Age revision Lent Wk. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Lecture Anna Karenina Anna Karenina 1860s 1860s Chekhov Chekhov Silver Age Silver Age Supervision AK AK 1860s Chekhov Assessment Assessment by Long Essay instead of final examination is available in this paper for students in Part IB (Options A & B). The examination is structured as follows: Section A will consist of a commentary on one of the set texts and essay questions on the other. Section B will offer several questions on each of the prescribed authors, for which candidates are required to make reference to more than one text. Section C will offer several questions on each of the prescribed topics as well as more open questions that might be answered with reference to a wide range of texts and periods. All questions in Section C will require candidates to write about at least two texts of which at least one must be a literary text. All candidates must answer three questions. Students for Part IB (Options A & B) answer: 1 question from Section A any other 2 questions (which may include 1 further question from Section A) Students for Part II answer: 1 question from Section A 1 question from Section C EITHER 1 further question from Section C OR 1 question from Section B. 4 Preparatory Reading and General Background Students are urged to buy and read both Set Texts during the summer (or Year Abroad), as well as, in particular, any optional longer texts they wish to cover (e.g. Mertvye dushi, Besy). The following reading list serves as an introduction to the subject. Caryl Emerson, The Cambridge Introduction to Russian Literature (esp. chs 1, 4, 5, 6) William Mills Todd, III, Fiction and Society in the Age of Pushkin: Ideology, Institutions and Narrative (chs. 1,2,3) Malcolm V. Jones and Robin Feuer Miller (eds.), The Cambridge Companion to the Classic Russian Novel Michael Wachtel, Cambridge Introduction to Russian Poetry (chs 1,2,3,4) Andrew Wachtel and Ilya Vinitsky. “The Spirit of Poetry: Russian Culture in the Age of Alexander I” in Russian Literature Andrzej Walicki, A History of Russian Thought (esp. chs 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11) Students should read through a scholarly history of 19th-­‐century Russia such as: Gregory Freeze, Russia: A History (chs 5, 6, 7, 8) or Nicholas Riasanovsky and Mark Steinberg, A History of Russia (8th edition; Chs 24-­‐30) Reading Lists Using the Reading Lists The lists below specify Primary and Secondary texts, organised by Section and Topic. The lists are extenstive but not exhaustive: in other words, you should feel neither daunted not limited by them! Sections B & C (Prescribed Authors & Topics) Ÿ Remember that you will be making selections from among the primary texts here; they are not all compulsory reading. Ÿ In particular, students are reminded that the long novels Mertye dushi by Gogol (B1) and Besy by Dostoevsky (C2) are optional, and you should plan ahead if you want to read one or both. Ÿ Students should consult with their supervisor to select primary texts from the suggested options according to their interests and experience in Russian. Students may also choose to read relevant primary texts that are not listed here. Secondary Readings The suggestions for secondary reading represent a collection of resources and menus of possibilities: no one expects you to do all of the reading below! Your supervisor will help you to orientate yourself within the bibliography, and to use your time efficiently, by suggesting those texts which most closely relate to the themes and approaches that interest you. 5 Section A: Set Texts A1. A. S. Pushkin, Evgenii Onegin (1825-­‐32) Ÿ Former ab initio students (i.e. those in Part IB, Option A) are only required to read chapters 1, 2, 5 and 8 in Russian; they must read the entire novel in English in order to follow the plot. Ÿ Recommended translation: James E. Falen) Ÿ Students in Part IB, Option B and Part II read the entire novel in Russian. Secondary Readings Background, Biography, Reference Bethea, David, ed. The Pushkin Handbook (University of Wisconsin Press, 2006). Binyon, T. J. Pushkin. A Biography (London 2003) Kahn, Andrew, ed. Cambridge Companion to Pushkin. Cambridge: CUP, 2006. Commentary Lotman, Iurii. Roman Pushkina ‘Evgenii Onegin’: Kommentarii. Leningrad, 1983. Nabokov, Vladimir (transl., introd. and extensive commentary). Eugene Onegin: A Novel in Verse by Aleksandr Pushkin, 4 vols. (London, 1964) Other Secondary Readings Briggs, A. D. P. Aleksandr Pushkin: ‘Eugene Onegin.’ Cambridge, CUP: 1992. Clayton, J. Douglas. Ice and Flame. Aleksandr Pushkin’s ‘Eugene Onegin’ (Toronto 1985) Cravens, C. “Lyric and Narrative Consciousness in ‘Eugene Onegin’.” Slavic and East European Journal 46, no. 4 (2002): 683–709. Dalton-­‐Brown, S. Puskhin’s Evgenii Onegin. Bristol: Bristol Classical Press, 1997. Debreczeny, Paul. Social Functions of Literature: Alexander Pushkin and Russian Culture. Stanford: Stanford UP: 1997. Dvigubski, Anna. “‘And What of My Onegin?’ Displacement and Reinvention of the Hero in Eugene Onegin.” The Russian Review 72, no. 1 (2013): 1–23. Emerson, Caryl. “Tatiana,” in A Plot of Her Own. Female Protagonist in Russian Literature, ed. Sona Hoisington. Evanston, IL: Northwestern UP, 1995. 6-­‐20. Gelder, Ann. ‘Wandering in Exile: Byron and Pushkin,’ Comparative Literature 42:4 (Autum, 1990), 319-­‐334. Ginzburg, Lidiia, ‘К постановке проблемы реализма в пушкинской литературе,’ Vremennik pushkinskoi komissii (AN SSSR, 1936), 387-­‐401. Greenleaf, Monika. Pushkin and Romantic Fashion: Fragment, Elegy, Orient, Irony. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1997. esp. 205-­‐286. Greg, Richard. ‘Stanza and Plot in Evgenii Onegin: A Symbiosis?’ Slavonic and East European Review 72:4 (October 1994), 609-­‐621. Hasty, Olga Peters. Pushkin’s Tatiana. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1999. Hoisington, Sona Stephan. “‘Eugene Onegin’: An Inverted Byronic Poem.” Comparative Literature 27 (1975): 136. 6 -­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐. “Parody in Evgenii Onegin: Lenskii’s Lament.” Canadian Slavonic Papers/Revue Canadienne Des Slavistes: An Interdisciplinary Journal Devoted to Central and Eastern Europe 29, no. 2–3 (June 1, 1987): 266–278. Hoisington, Sona, ed. Russian Views of Pushkin’s Eugene Onegin. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1988. Ketchian, S. I. “‘What’s Hidden in My Name?’: Names as a Window into Pushkin’s ‘Evgenij Onegin’.” Russian Literature 60, no. 2 (August 2006): 159–183. Lesic-­‐Thomas, Andrea. “Focalization in Pushkin’s Eugene Onegin and Lermontov’s A Hero of Our Time: Loving the Semantic Void and the Dizziness of Interpretation.” The Modern Language Review 103, no. 4 (October 1, 2008). Reid, Robert and Joe Andrew, eds., Two Hundred Years of Pushkin, Vols II and III (Rodopi, 2004). Recommended articles in Vol II: Bethea, Palmer; in Vol III: Freeborn, Weststeijn, Clayton, De Haard, Livingstone. Reyfman, Irina. Ritualized Violence Russian Style: The Duel in Russian Culture and Literature. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1999. Semenko, I. M., and Sona Hoisington. “The ‘Author’ in Eugene Onegin: Image and Function.” Canadian-­‐American Slavic Studies 29, no. 3–4 (January 1, 1995): 233–255. Shklovskii, Viktor. “Eugene Onegin (Pushkin and Sterne) Translated from the Russian by Emily Finer.” Comparative Critical Studies 1, no. 1–2 (June 1, 2004): 171–193. Todd, William Mills III, 'Eugene Onegin: “Life’s Novel”, in Literature and Society in the Age of Pushkin, ed. by William Mills Todd III (Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1986. Wachtel, Michael, ‘The Onegin stanza: from poetic digression to poetic nostalgia’, in The Development of Russian Verse: Meter and its Meanings (Cambridge: CUP, 2006) ~~~~~~~~~ A2: L. N. Tolstoi, Anna Karenina (1873-­‐77) Ÿ Former ab initio students (i.e. those in Part IB, Option A) read at least the extracts specified below in Russian (roughly one third of the novel); they read the entire novel in English in order to follow the plot: Part I: 1-­‐4, 7-­‐11, 13, 16-­‐23, 26-­‐34; Part 2: 7-­‐12, 21-­‐29; Part 3: 1-­‐5, 13-­‐16, 22-­‐ 25, 31-­‐32 ; Part 4: 1, 3-­‐5, 9-­‐13, 15-­‐23; Part 6: 3, 7-­‐16, 19-­‐20, 31-­‐33; Part 7: 9-­‐16, 23-­‐31; Part 8: 8-­‐19. Ÿ Recommended translations: either Rosemary Edmonds OR Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky. Ÿ Students in Part IB, Option B and Part II read the entire novel in Russian. Secondary Readings Background, Biography, Reference Bartlett, Rosamund. Tolstoy: A Russian Life (Profile Press, 2011). [Biography] Eikhenbaum, Boris. Tolstoi v semidesiatykh godakh. Trans.: Tolstoi in the Seventies. Ardis: 1982. (Masterful blend of biographical, philological and textual analysis by leading 'formalist' critic.) Freeze, Gregory. “Reform and Counterreform, 1855-­‐1890” in Russia: A History, ed. Gregory Freeze (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997), pp. 170-­‐199. Historical context. 7 Knapp, Liza and Amy Mandelker, eds. Approaches to Teaching Tolstoy’s Anna Karenina (MLA: 2003). Excellent, very useful anthology of short critical texts. Relevant Theoretical Works (not dealing with AK explicitly): Bakhtin, Mikhail. 'Forms of Time and of the Chronotope in the Novel: Notes toward a Historical Poetics,' in his Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays, ed. Michael Holquist (University of Texas Press, 1982), pp. 84-­‐85, 224-­‐258. Brooks, Peter. Reading for the Plot: Design and Intention in Narrative (Harvard UP, 1992). 3-­‐
61. Shklovskii, Viktor. ‘Art as Device’ in The Theory of Prose, trans. Benjamin Sher. Normal, IL: Dalkey Archive Press, 1990. 1-­‐14. Tanner, Tony. Adultery in the Novel: Contract and Transgression. Johns Hopkins UP, 1981. Auerbach, Eric. 'Odysess's Scar,' in Mimesis: The Representation of Reality in Western Literature. Trans. Willard R. Task. Princeton: Princeton UP, 2003. 2-­‐23. Jakobson, Roman. 'On Realism in Art,’ in Readings in Russian Poetics: Formalist and Structuralist Views. Eds. Ladislav Matejka and Krystyna Pomorska. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1971. 38-­‐46 Ÿ for wrestling with 'Realism': see also entries for Gustafson, Kliger and Kovarsky below. Other Secondary Readings Ÿ a nuber of articles appear in editions of the Tolstoy Studies Journal (abbreviated below: TSJ) [in UL: North Front, Fl 5, P576.b.29 ] Alexandrov, Vladimir. Limits to Interpretation. The Meanings of Anna Karenina. Madison: Wisconsin UP: 2004. Alexandrov, Vladimir. “Relative Time in Anna Karenina,” Russian Review 41 :2 (April 1982): 159-­‐68. Bendiksen, Anna Primrose. 'The Swishing of the Scythes: The Mowing Scene in Anna Karenina,' Russian Literature 40:4 (November 1996), 517-­‐523. Bloom, Harold (ed.), Leo Tolstoy’s ‘Anna Karenina.’ New York, 1987. de Sherbinin, Julie. 'The Dismantling of Hierarchy and the Defense of Social Class in Anna Karenina,’ Russian Review 70:4 (October 2011): 646-­‐662. Eikhenbaum, Boris, Tolstoi in the Seventies, trans. Albert Kaspin. Ardis, Ann Arbor, 1982. Emerson, Caryl. ‘Prosaics in Anna Karenina: Pro and Con,’ TSJ VIII: 150-­‐76. Evdokimova, Svetlana. 'The Drawing and the Grease Spot: Creativity and Interpretation in Anna Karenina,' TSJ VIII: 33-­‐45 Goscilo, Helena. 'Tolstoyan Fare: Credo a la Carte,' Slavonic and East European Review 62:4 (October 1984), 481-­‐495. [Jstor] Gustafson, Richard, 'The Poetics of Emblematic Realism' in Leo Tolstoy: Resident and Stranger: A Study in Fiction and Theology. Princeton UP, 1986. 202-­‐213. Herman, David. 'Allowable Passions in Anna Karenina,' TSJ VIII: 5-­‐32. Jahn, Gary. ‘The Image of the Railroad in Anna Karenina,’ Slavic and East European Journal 25: 2 (1981): 1-­‐10. Jahn, Gary. 'The Unity of Anna Karenina,' Russian Review 41 2 (April 1982): 144-­‐58. 8 Kliger, Ilya. 'Tolstoy's Plotlines and Truth Shapes', in his The Narrative Shape of Truth: Veridiction in Modern European Literature. Penn State UP, 2011. 145-­‐176. Knapp, Liza and Mandelker, Amy, eds. Approaches to Teaching Tolstoy’s Anna Karenina (MLA: 2003). Knapp, Liza. 'The Estates of Pokrovskoe and Vosdvizhenskoe: Tolstoy’s Labyrinth of Linkings in Anna Karenina,’ TSJ VIII: 81-­‐98. Knapp, Liza. '“Tue-­‐la! Tue-­‐le!: Death Sentences, Words, and Inner Monologue n Tolstoy’s Anna Karenina and Three More Deaths.’ TSJ XI: 1-­‐19. Knowles, A.V.. 'Russian Views of Anna Karenina,' Slavic and East European Journal 22:3 (Autumn 1978), 301-­‐312 [Jstor]. Kovarsky, Gina. 'Mimesis and Moral Education in Anna Karenina,' TSJ VIII: 61-­‐80 Kujundzic, Dragan, ‘Pardoning Woman in Anna Karenina’, TSJ VI: 65-­‐86. Lonnqvist, Barbara. “Anna Karenina,” in The Cambridge Companion to Tolstoy. Ed. Donna Tussing Orwin. Cambridge: CUP, 2002. 80-­‐95. Mandelker, Amy. Framing Anna Karenina: Tolstoy, the Woman Question, and the Victorian Novel. Columbus: Ohio State UP, 1993. Matich, Olga. 'Lev Tolstoy as Early Modernist: Fragmenting and Dissecting the Body,' in Erotic Utopia. The Decadent Imagination in Russia’s Fin de Siecle. Madison: Univ of Wisconsin Press, 2005. 27-­‐56. Meyer, Priscilla. ‘”Anna Karenina,” Rousseau, and the Gospels,’ Russian Review 66:2 (April 2007), 204-­‐219. Meyer, Priscilla. ‘Anna Karenina: Tolstoy’s Polemic with Madame Bovary,’ Russian Review 54:2 (April 1995), 243-­‐259. Meyer, Priscilla. ‘Tolstoy, Anna Karenina,’ in her How the Russians Read the French. Madison: Univ of Wisconsin Press, 2008. 152-­‐209. Morson, Gary Saul. Anna Karenina in Our Time. New Haven: Yale UP, 2007. Morson, Gary Saul. 'Anna Karenina’s Omens,' in Freedom and Responsibility in Russian Literature, ed. E.C. Allen and G.S. Morson. Evanston: Northwestern UP, 1995. 134-­‐152. Morson, Gary Saul. 'Poetic Justice, False Listening, and Falling in Love, Or, Why Anna Refuses a Divorce,' TSJ VIII: 177-­‐197. Morson. Gary Saul. 'Tolstoy's Absolute Language,' Critical Inquiry 7:4 (Summer 1981), 667-­‐
687. Morson, Gary Saul. 'What is Agriculture?' [in Tolstoy], Russian Literature 40 (1996) 481-­‐490. Morson, Gary Saul 'Work and the Authentic Life in Tolstoy,' TSJ IX: 36-­‐48. Orwin. Donna Tussing. Tolstoy’s Art and Thought, 1847-­‐1880. Princeton UP, 1993. Paperno, Irina. 'Tolstoy’s Diaries: The Inaccessible Self,' Self and Story in Russian Culture, eds. Laura Engelstein and Stephanie Sandler. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 2000. 242-­‐265. Schultze, Sydney. The Structure of Anna Karenina (Ann Arbor: Ardis, 1982) Seifrid, Thomas. 'Gazing on Life's Page: Perspectival Vision in Tolstoy,' PMLA 113:3 (May 1998), 436-­‐448. Stenbock-­‐Fermor. The Architecture of Anna Karenina. Lisse: Peter de Ridder Press, 1975. Tapp, Alyson. ‘Moving Stories: (E)motion and Narrative in Anna Karenina,’ Russian Literature 61:3 (2007), 341-­‐361. Turner, C.J.G. 'Psychology, Rhetoric and Morality in Anna Karenina,' SEEJ 39: 2 (1995): 261-­‐
268 [Jstor] 9 Vaganova, Zinaida. ‘Pushkin, Tolstoy, and the Potlatch: The Economy of Loss in Anna Karenina,’ TSJ VIII: 16-­‐31 Weir, Justin. 'Anna Incommunicada: Language and Consciousness in Anna Karenina,' TSJ VIII: 99-­‐111 . Whitcomb, Curt. ‘Resisting the Effortless in Anna Karenina,’ TSJ VII: 32-­‐43 Whitcomb, Curt. 'Treacherous «Charm» in Anna Karenina,' Slavic and East European Journal 39:2 (Summer 1995), 214-­‐226 [Jstor] vvv Section B: Prescribed Authors: Gogol’ and Chekhov B1. Nikolai Gogol’ (Michaelmas) Ÿ Part IB, Option A students should select, as a minimum, 2 short stories to read. Ÿ Part IB, Option B & Part II students should read, as a minimum, 3 works (from among the short stories, with the option of Revizor also) OR they may choose to focus on Gogol's novel, Mertvye dushi and at least 1 other shorter work. from Vechera na khutore bliz Dikan’ki, Part One (1831) Chast’ pervaia: ‘Predislovie’ ‘Sorochinskaia iarmarka’ from Mirgorod, Part Two (1835) ‘Vii’ ‘Povest’ o tom, kak possorilis’ Ivan Ivanovich s Ivanom Nikiforovichem’ Petersburg Tales ‘Nevskii Prospekt’ ‘Portret’ ‘Zapiski sumasshedshego’ ‘Nos’ Revizor Mertvye dushi (Part One; Part Two may also be read) Secondary readings Bely, Andrei. Gogol’s Artistry [Masterstvo Gogolia], trans. Christopher Colbath. Evanston: Northwestern UP, 2009. Fanger, Donald. The Creation of Nikolai Gogol. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 1979. Franklin, Simon. ‘Novels without End: Notes on "Eugene Onegin" and "Dead Souls."’ The Modern Language Review, Vol. 79, No. 2 (Apr., 1984), pp. 372-­‐383 Frazier, Melissa. Frames of the Imagination: Gogol’s Arabesques and the Romantic Question of Genre. New York: Peter Lang, 2000. 10 Fusso, Suzanne. Designing Dead Souls: An Anatomy of Disorder in Gogol. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1993. Fusso, Susanne and Priscilla Meyer (eds.) Essays on Gogol: Logos and the Russian Word. Evanston: Northwestern European Press, 1992. Gippius, V.V. Gogol (1924) Ed. and trans. Robert Maguire. Ann Arbor: Ardis, 1981. Griffiths, Frederick T. and Stanley Rabinowitz. Epic and the Russian Novel from Gogol to Pasternak. Boston: Academic Studies Press, 2011. Karlinsky, Simon. The Sexual Labyrinth of Nikolai Gogol. Chicago: Univ of Chicago Press, 1976. Lotman, Iurii. ‘Problema khudozhestvennogo prostranstva v proze Gogolia’ (1968) http://philologos.narod.ru/lotman/gogolspace.htm Lotman, Iurii. ‘Concerning Khlestakov’ in The Semiotics of Russian Cultural History. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1995. 150-­‐87. Maguire, Robert. Exploring Gogol. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1994. Maguire, Robert (ed.) Gogol from the Twentieth Century. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1974. Nabokov, Vladimir. Nikolai Gogol. [various editions] Peace, Richard. The Enigma of Gogol. Cambridge: CUP, 1981. Popkin, Cathy. The Pragmatics of Insignificance: Chekhov, Zoshchenko, Gogol. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1993. Spieker, Sven. Gogol: Exploring Absence: Negativity in Nineteenth-­‐century Russian literature. Bloomington: Slavica, 1999. Todd, William Mills. ‘Dead Souls: Charmed by a Phrase’ in Literature and Society in the Age of Pushkin. Cambridge, Mass., 1986. 164-­‐200. links to critical works on Gogol in Russian: http://feb-­‐web.ru/feb/gogol/default.asp?/feb/gogol/critics/-­‐go-­‐crl1.htm Collections of essays on Gogol can be found in the journal editions Essays in Poetics, (2003 & 2004), Vols. 28 & 29. Theoretical readings Bakhtin, Mikhail. ‘Epic and Novel.’ The Dialogic Imagination. Ed. Michael Holquist. Austin: UTP, 1981. 3-­‐40. Ong, Walter J. Orality and Literacy: The Technologizing of the Word. London: Routledge, 1991. Todorov, Tzvetan. The Fantastic: A Structural Approach to a Literary Genre. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2001 [1975]. ~~~~~~~~~ 11 B2. Anton Chekhov (Lent) The stories marked * are suggested for the attention of Part IB, Option A students. Early stories: *‘Smert’ chinovnika’ *‘Meliuzga’ *‘Eger’’ *‘Aniuta’ ‘Neschast’e’ Novella: ‘Step’’ Later stories: ‘Skuchnoe istoriia’ ‘Chernyi monakh’ ‘Dom s mezzaninom’ ‘Kryzhovnik’ *‘Dama s sobachkoi’ Theatre: Chaika Vishnev’yi sad ‘Palata nomer 6’ ‘Student’ ‘Chelovek v futliare’ ‘O liubvi’ Secondary Reading (General) Gottlieb, Vera, and Paul Allain. The Cambridge Companion to Chekhov. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2000. Ch.1-­‐3 for background. Karlinsky, Simon. “Introduction: The Gentle Subversive” in Letters of Anton Chekhov. New York: Harper & Row, 1973. 1-­‐32. [Reprinted in Wellek, René and Nonna D. Wellek. Chekhov, New Perspectives. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-­‐Hall, 1984. 31-­‐68. Loehlin, James N. The Cambridge Introduction to Chekhov. Cambridge: CUP, 2010. Secondary Readings on Prose Chudakov, A. P. Chekhov’s Poetics. Trans. Jannie Cruise and Donald Dragt. Ann Arbor, 1983. Eikhenbaum, Boris. “Chekhov at Large” in Jackson (ed.) Chekhov: A Critical Essays (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1967), 21-­‐31. Finke, Michael. ‘Of Interpretation and Stolen Kisses: From Poetics to Metapoetics in Chekhov’s “The Kiss” in Apollonio and Brintlinger (eds.). Chekhov for the 21st Century. (Bloomington: Indiana, 2012), 127-­‐47. Finke, Michael. ‘Chekhov’s “The Steppe”: A Metapoetic Journey’ in Metapoesis: The Russian Tradition from Pushkin to Chekhov (Durham & London: Duke UP, 1995), 134-­‐66. Hagan, John. "Chekhov's Fiction and the Ideal of 'Objectivity', PMLA 81: 409-­‐417 Jackson, Robert Louis. “Introduction” in Reading Chekhov's Text, ed. Robert Louis Jackson, Northwestern UP, 1993. [+ see other essays in this volume.] Popkin, Cathy. The Pragmatics of Insignificance: Chekhov, Zoshchenko, Gogol. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1993. Secondary Readings on Drama: Borny, Geoffrey. Interpreting Chekhov. Canberra: ANU E Press, 2006. Magarshack, David. Chekhov the Dramatist. New York: Hill & Wang, 1960. 12 Muza, Anna. ‘The Marriage of Figaro, the Marriage of Lopakhin: The Hero’s Revolt’ in Apollonio and Brintlinger (eds.). Chekhov for the 21st Century. (Bloomington: Indiana, 2012), 167-­‐79. Peace, Richard Arthur. Chekhov: A Study of the Four Major Plays. New Haven ;London: Yale University Press, 1983. Pitcher, Harvey. “The Chekhov Play” in Wellek, Chekhov, New Perspectives, 69-­‐106. Rayfield, Donald. Understanding Chekhov: A Critical Study of Chekhov’s Prose and Drama. Russian Studies. Bristol: Bristol Classical Press, 1999. Senelick, Laurence. The Chekhov Theatre: A Century of the Plays in Performance. Cambridge: CUP, 1997. Wellek, René and Nonna D. Wellek. Chekhov, New Perspectives. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-­‐Hall, 1984. vvv Section C: Topics C1: The Elegy (Michaelmas) Selected poetry by Zhukovskii, Batiushkov, Pushkin, Baratynskii, Lermontov. Ÿ The poems marked * are suggested for the attetion of Part IB, Option A students. Ÿ The poems are listed by poet, and then by—loose—sub-­‐categories of the genre. In many instances the designation is not clear-­‐cut, and is as much a point for discussion as clear categorization. If you decide that you want to make an excursion into ‘historical’ or ‘exilic’ elegy, say, then these categories will guide you. Ÿ In all cases, students should read elegies from more than one category. V.A. Zhukovskii *‘Sel’skoe kladbishche,’ *‘Na smert’ Andreia Turgeneva,’ ‘K K. M. Sokovninoi,’ ‘Vecher (elegiia)’ K.N. Batiushkov *‘Vyzdorovlenie,’ ‘Ten’ druga,’ ‘Na razvalinakh zamka v Shvetsii,’ *‘Moi genii,’ ‘Perekhod cherez Rein’ A.S. Pushkin *‘Probuzhdenie,’ ‘Naezdniki,’ *‘Pogaslo dnevnoe svetilo,’ *‘Ia perezhil svoi zhelan’ia,’ ‘Umolknu skoro ia!...,’ ‘Prostish’ li mne revnivye mechty,’ *‘K moriu,’ *‘Vospominanie,’ ‘Brozhu li ia vdol’ ulits shumnykh’ E.A. Baratynskii *(Option A: pick any one poem) ‘Razluka’ (“Rasstalis’ my; na mig ocharovanie”), ‘Razuveren’e,’ ‘Priznanie’ M. Iu. Lermontov *‘Gliazhu na budushchnost’ s boiazn’iu’ (Option A: OR ‘Duma’), *‘Duma,’ ‘Son,’ *‘I skuchno i grustno’ 13 ‘Foundational’ elegy for 19th C Russian tradition: ‘Sel’skoe kladbishche’ (1802) Gloomy elegy: Zhukovskii, ‘Vecher (elegiia)’ Love poem/Erotic elegy: Batiushkov, ‘Vyzdorovlenie’, ‘Moi genii’; Baratynskii, ‘Razluka’ (1820), ‘Priznanie’ (1824/35); Pushkin, ‘Probuzhdenie’, ‘Naezdniki’, ‘Umolknu skoro ia!..., ’‘Prostish’ li mne revnivye mechty’; Lermontov, ‘Son’ Funereal elegy: Zhukovskii, ‘Na smert’ Andreia Turgeneva’; ‘K K. M. Sokovninoi’; Batiushkov, ‘Ten’ druga’ Historical elegy: Batiushkov, ‘Na razvalinakh zamka v Shvetsii’, ‘Perekhod cherez Rein’ Byronic elegy: Pushkin, ‘Ia perezhil svoi zhelan’ia’; Lermontov, ‘I skuchno i grustno’ Contemplative/meditative elegy: Pushkin, ‘Pogaslo dnevnoe svetilo’, ‘Vospominanie’, ‘Brozhu li ia vdol’ ulits shumnykh’; Lermontov, ‘Gliazhu na budushchnost’ s boiazn’iu’, ‘Duma’. Exilic elegy: Pushkin, *‘K moriu’ Secondary Readings Theoretical Reading Sacks, Peter M. The English Elegy: Studies in the Genre from Spenser to Yeats. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1985. ‘Introduction’, pp. 1-­‐37. On versification Wachtel, Michael. The Cambridge Introduction to Russian Poetry (CUP: 2004) (Chapters 1-­‐3 are about reading a poem; Chapter 1 gives a good overview of versification; *See also: Ch4 ‘From the Ode to the Elegy’ For more detail on poetic meter see: Wachtel, Michael. The Development of Russian Verse: Meter and its Meanings (CUP: 1998. On poetry and elegy Frizman, L. G. Zhizn liricheskogo zhanra: russkaia elegiia ot Sumerokova do Nekrasova. Moscow: Nauka, 1973. Ginzburg, L. Ia. O lirike. 2nd edition. Moscow: Sovetskii pisatel’, 1974. Golburt, Luba. “Derzhavin’s Ruins and the Birth of Historical Elegy.” Slavic Review 65, no. 4 (winter 2006): 670-­‐693. (though Derzhavin is not one of our main poets -­‐ still useful) Todd, III, William Mills. “A Russian Ideology” and “Institutions of Literature” in Fiction and Society in the Age of Pushkin, pp 10-­‐44 & 45-­‐105. Tosi, Alessandra. “Fiction in Alexander’s Russia: the Social and Cultural Context” in Waiting for Pushkin: Russian Fiction in the Reign of Alexander I (1801-­‐1825), pp 19-­‐62 Wachtel, Andrew and Ilya Vinitsky. “The Spirit of Poetry: Russian Culture in the Age of Alexander I” in Russian Literature. Cambridge: Polity, 2009. 57-­‐88. Vatsuro, V.E. Lirika Pushkinskoi pory: elegicheskaia shkola. St Petersburg: Nauka, 1994. Works on individual poets For a quick, well-­‐written overview of each poet, in terms of both poetry and biography, see Encyclopedia of the Romantic Era, 1760-­‐1850 (ed. Christopher John Murray). Includes entries on Batiushkov, Baratnyskii, Zhukovskii, Pushkin, Lermontov, Tiutchev. Neil Cornwell’s 14 Reference Guide to Russian Literature is similarly useful and includes entries on all the poets in the topic. Zhukovskii Ciepiela, Catherine. “Reading Russian Pastoral: Zhukovsky’s Translation of Gray’s Elegy.” In Rereading Russian Poetry. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999. Semenko, I. M. Vasily Zhukovsky. Boston, Twayne, 1976. Eikhenbaum, B. M. “Zhukovskii” in Melodika: russkogo liricheskogo stikha, pp 27-­‐71 Batiushkov V. V. Afans’ev, Akhill, ili zhizn’ Batiushkova Serman, I. Z. Konstantin Batyushkov. New York: Twayne, 1974. (an English language biography) Monika Greenleaf, “Found in Translation: the Subject of Batiushkov’s Poetry” in Russian Subjects: Empire, Nation, and the Culture of the Golden Age (ed. Greenleaf and Moeller-­‐
Sally), pp 51-­‐80 N. V. Fridman, “Khudozhestvennyi metod i stil’ Batiushkova-­‐poeta” in Poeziia Batiushkova (Moscow: Nauka, 1971), pp 253-­‐314 Baratynskii Brown, William Edward. A History of Russian Literature of the Romantic Period. Ann Arbor, MI: Ardis, 1986. Dees, Jospeh Benjamin. E. A. Baratynsky. New York: Twayne, 1972. Sarah Pratt, Russian Metaphysical Romanticism: the Poetry of Tiutchev and Boratynskii. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1984. Pushkin T. J. Binyon, Pushkin: A Biography. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2003. Bethea, David and Davydov, Sergei. “Pushkin’s Biography” in The Pushkin Handbook. Еd. David Bethea. Madison: Univ of Wisconsin Press, 2005. 3-­‐24. Eikhenbaum, Boris. “Pushkin, Tiutchev, Lermontov” in Melodika: russkogo liricheskogo stikha, pp 72-­‐118 Gasparov, Boris. “Pushkin and Romanticism” in The Pushkin Handbook (ed. Bethea), pp 537-­‐
567 Greenleaf, Monika. Pushkin and Romantic Fashion: Fragment, Elegy, Orient, Irony. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1994. 56-­‐107. Kahn, Andrew. “Pushkin’s Lyric Identities” in The Cambridge Companion to Pushkin (ed. Kahn), pp 26-­‐40. -­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐. Pushkin’s Lyric Intelligence (Oxford: OUP 2008). [for consultation on individual poems.] Ram, Harsha. The Imperial Sublime: A Russian Poetics of Empire. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2003. Esp. 176-­‐86 and 198-­‐211. Sandler, Stephanie. “Baratynskii, Pushkin, and Hamlet: On Mourning and Poetry”, Russian Review, Vol. 42, No. 1 (Jan., 1983), pp. 73-­‐90. -­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐. Distant Pleasures: Alexander Pushkin and the Writing of Exile. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1989. 57-­‐76. [on ‘K moriu’] 15 Lermontov Eikhenbaum, “Pushkin, Tiutchev, Lermontov” in Melodika: russkogo liricheskogo stikha, pp 72-­‐118. Powelstock, David. “Living into Language: Mikhail Lermontov and the Manufacturing of Intimacy” in Russian Subjects (ed. Greenleaf and Moeller-­‐Sally), pp 297-­‐324 -­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐-­‐. Becoming Mikhail Lermontov: The Ironies of Romantic Individualism Nicholas I’s Russia. Evanston: Northwestern UP, 2005. [selections] Ginzburg, L. Ia. ‘Poetika lichnosti’ in O lirike. Ram, Harsha. The Imperial Sublime: A Russian Poetics of Empire. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2003. Esp. 199-­‐207. ~~~~~~~~~ C2: Fiction and Ideology in the 1860s (Lent) Core Texts: Ivan Turgenev, Otsy i deti (1862) Nikolai Chernyshevskii, ‘Chetvertyi son Very Pavlovny’ (excerpt from Chto delat’?, 1863) Fedor Dostoevskii, Zapiski iz podpol'ia (1864) Part IB, Option A students should read Part I in Russian; Part II may be read in English. Dostoevskii, Besy (1872) – this long novel is optional, but should be read in the vacation/year abroad by those with a particular interest in Dostoevskii. Secondary Readings Jones, Malcolm and Robin Feuer Miller (eds.). Cambridge Companion to the Classic Russian Novel. Cambridge: CUP, 1998. [Especially the chapters “Politics,” “Psychology and Society” and “Philosophy in the Nineteenth-­‐century Novel”] Leatherbarrow, William and Derke Offord (eds.). A History of Russian Thought. Cambridge: CUP, 2010. Riasanovsky, Nicholas. Russian Identities: A Historical Survey. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2005. Walicki, Andrzej. A History of Russian Thought from the Enlightenment to Marxism (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1979) Turgenev Allen, Elizabeth Cheresh. Beyond realism: Turgenev's poetics of secular salvation. Stanford: Stanford Univ. Press, 1992. Mathewson, Rufus. W. The Positive Hero in Russian Literature. 2nd ed. Evanston, IL: Northwestern UP, 1999. Orwin, Donna Tussing. Consequences of Consciousness: Turgenev, Dostoevsky, and Tolstoy. Stanford University Press, 2007. Esp. 92-­‐112 Paperno, Irina. Chernyshevsky and the Age of Realism [“Introduction”: on the reception of Ottsy i deti in the 1860s] Russell S. Valentino, “A Wolf in Arkadia: Generic Fields, Generic Counterstatement and the Resources of Pastoral in Fathers and Sons” Russian Review, Vol. 55, No. 3 (Jul., 1996), pp. 475-­‐493: http://www.jstor.org/stable/131795 16 The Norton Critical edition of Fathers and Sons (ed. & trans. Michael Katz) contains a very useful selection of critical materials and articles. Chernyshevsky («Четвертый сон Веры Павловны» from Что делать?) Irina Paperno, Chernyshevsky and the Age of Realism: A Study in the Semiotics of Behavior. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1988. Dostoevsky Ÿ Записки из подполья Bakhtin, Mikhail. Problems of Dostoevsky’s Poetics. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1984. 227-­‐37. Joseph Frank, Dostoevsky: The Stir of Liberation, 1860-­‐65. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1977. 310-­‐467. Michael Holquist, Dostoevsky and the Novel (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1977). Knapp, Liza. The Annihilation of Inertia: Dostoevsky and Metaphysics. Northwestern UP: 1996. Ÿ Besy Anderson, Nancy K., The Perverted Ideal in Dostoevsky’s The Devils. New York: Peter Lang, 1997. Apollonio, Carol, “The Demon of Doubt and the Revenge of the Neglected Son: Demons” in Dostoevsky’s Secrets: Reading Against the Grain. Evanston, IL: Northwestern UP, 2009. 104-­‐116. Frank, Joseph. Dostoevsky: The Miraculous Years, 1865-­‐1871. (London: Robson Books, 1995) -­‐-­‐ on Besy, see 396-­‐498. Leatherbarrow, William. Dostoevsky’s The Devils: A Critical Companion. Evanston, IL: Northwestern UP, 1999. Ÿ General/both texts Scanlan, James. Dosteovsky the Thinker. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 2002. Leatherbarrow, William. Cambridge Companion to Dostoevskii. Cambridge: CUP, 2002. Ward, Briuce K., Dostoevsky’s Critique of the West: The Quest for Earthly Paradise. Waterloo & Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier UP, 1986. Williams, Rowan. Dostoevsky: Language, Faith, and Fiction. Waco, TX: Baylor UP, 2008. ~~~~~~~~~ 17 C3: The Silver Age: Symbolist Aesthetics and Anxieties (Lent) Core texts Valerii Briusov poems from Urbi et orbi (1901-­‐03): ‘Pompeianka,’ ‘Ran’she utra,’ ‘V Damask.’ ‘Griadushchie gunny’ Aleksandr Blok Balaganchik (1906) Selected poetry from Stikhi o prekrasnoi dame ‘Neznakomka,’ ‘Pod maskami,’ ‘Na pole Kulikovom,’ ‘Unizhenie’ Andrei Bely Peterburg (1916) [Prologue, Chapter 1; + other passages may be specified for close reading; the whole novel may be consulted in the English translation by Maguire and Malmstad] Symbolist essays by Bely, Blok, Ivanov. Secondary Readings Dobrenko, E.A., and Marina Balina, eds. The Cambridge Companion to 20th-­‐Century Russian Literature. Cambridge: CUP, 2011. Donchin, Georgette. The Influence of French Symbolism on Russian Poetry. The Hague: Moutin, 1958. Paperno, Irina, and Joan Delaney Grossman, eds. Creating Life: The Aesthetic Utopia of Russian Modernism. Stanford, CA: Stanford UP, 1994. Pyman, Avril. A History of Russian Symbolism. Cambridge: CUP, 1994. Ram, Harsha. “Russia” in The Cambridge Companion to European Modernism, ed. Pericles Lewis. Cambridge: CUP, 2011. Blok Ginzburg, L. Ia., “Nasledie i otkrytiia” in O lirike. (esp. 255-­‐310) Maksimov, V., “Ideai puti v poeticheskom soznanii Al. Bloka” in Poeziia i proza Al. Bloka Pyman, Avril. The Life of Alexander Blok (2 vols). Oxford: OUP, 1979-­‐80. Reeve, F.D. Aleksandr Blok: Between Image and Idea. New York: Octagon Books, 1981. Westphalen, Timothy. Lyric Incarnate: The Dramas of Aleksandr Blok. Amsterdam: Harwood, 1998. Bely Alexandrov, Vladimir. Andrei Bely: The Major Symbolist Fiction (Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1985) Alter, Robert. “Phantasmic City” in Imagined Cities: Urban Experience and the Language of the Novel. New Haven & London: Yale UP, 2005. 83-­‐102. Berman, Marshall. All that is Solid Melts into Air: the experience of Modernity. London: Verso, 2010. Dolgopolov, L., Andrei Belyi i ego roman “Peterburg” (Leningrad: Sovetskii pisatel’, 1988) 18 Langer, Timothy. The Stony Dance: Unity and Gesture in Andrey Bely’s “Petersburg.” Evanston, IL: Northwestern UP, 2005. Maguire, Robert and John Malmstad, “Petersburg” in Andrey Bely: Spirit of Symbolism. Ithaca & London: Cornell UP, 1987. 96-­‐144. Matich, Olga. Petersburg/Petersburg:Novel and City 1900-­‐1920. Madison: Univ of Wisconsin Press, 2010. [see essays in Part 1] vvv 19