Dancing with Enmity: The Psychology of Hate Groups
Linda M. Woolf, Ph.D., Webster University
ONTOP, September 2010
Selected Readings and Resources Available Online:
Woolf, L. M., & Hulsizer, M. R. (2002/2003). Intra- and inter- religious hate and violence: A
psychosocial model. Journal of Hate Studies, 2, 5-26.
http://guweb2.gonzaga.edu/againsthate/Journal2/GHS106.PDF
Woolf, L. M., & Hulsizer, M. R. (2004). Hate groups for dummies: How to build a successful hate group.
Humanity and Society, 28, 40-62. http://webster.edu/~woolflm/HateDummies.pdf
Additional Selected Readings:
Anti-Defamation League (2002b). Racist groups using computer gaming to promote violence against
Blacks, Latinos and Jews. Retrieved December 11, 2009 from
http://www.adl.org/videogames/default.asp
Anti-Defamation League. (2004). The militia watchdog: Message for students, what is a 'hate group'?.
Retrieved December 11, 2009 from http://www.adl.org/mwd/students.asp
Bandura, A. (1998). Mechanism of moral disengagement. In W. Reich (Ed.), Origins of terrorism:
Psychologies, ideologies, theologies, states of mind (pp. 161-191). Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins
University Press.
Barkun, M. (1996). Religion and the racist right: The origins of the Christian Identity movement. Chapel
Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
Blazak, R. (2001). White boys to terrorist men: Target recruitment of Nazi skinheads. American
Behavioral Scientist, 44, 982-1000.
Blee, K. M. (2003). Inside organized racism: Women in the hate movement. Berkeley, CA: University of
California Press.
Borgeson, K., & Valeri, R. (2004). Faces of hate. Journal of Applied Sociology, 21(2), 99-111.
Chakraborti, N., & Garland, J. (2009). Hate crime: Impact, causes and responses. Newbury Park, CA:
Sage.
Chau, M., & Xu, J. (2007). Mining communities and their relationships in blogs: A study of online hate
groups. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 65, 57-70.
Christie, D. J. (2006). 9/11 aftershocks: Creating conditions ripe for hate crimes. In P. Kimmel & C. Stout
(Eds.), Collateral damage: The psychological consequences of America’s war on terrorism (pp. 1944). Westport, CT: Praeger.
Dobratz, B. A., & Shanks-Meile, S. (2000). The White separatist movement in the United States: "White
power, White pride!". Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press.
Dray, P. (2002). At the hands of persons unknown: The lynching of Black America. New York: Random
House.
Etter, G., McElreath, D., & Quarles, C. (2005). The Ku Klux Klan: Evolution towards revolution. Journal
of Gang Research, 12(3), 1-16.
Ferber, A. L. (1998). White man falling: Race, gender and white supremacy. Lanham, MD: Rowman and
Littlefield.
Flint, C. (2003). Spaces of hate: Geographies of discrimination and intolerance. New York: Routledge.
Gerstenfeld, P. B. (2003). Hate crimes: Causes, controls, and controversies. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Gerstenfeld, P., Grant, D., & Chiang, C. (2003). Hate online: A content analysis of extremist Internet
sites. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy (ASAP), 3, 29-44.
Goodrick-Clark, N. (2003). Black sun: Aryan cults, esoteric Nazism and the politics of identity. New
York: New York University Press.
Hicks, W. (2004). Skinheads: A Three Nation Comparison. Journal of Gang Research, 11(2), 51-74.
Hoffman, B. (2006). Inside terrorism. New York: Columbia University Press.
Kelly, R. J., & Maghan, J. (1998). Hate crimes: The global politics of polarization. Carbondale, IL:
Southern Illinois University Press.
Koenig, T., & Rustad, M. (2007). 'Hate torts' to fight hate crimes: Punishing the organizational roots of
evil. American Behavioral Scientist, 51, 302-318.
Lanning, R. (2005). The marginal is on the edge of the mainstream: An approach to teaching about hate
propaganda. Radical Pedagogy, 6(2), Retrieved December 11, 2009 from
http://radicalpedagogy.icaap.org/content/issue6_2/lanning.html
Lee, E., & Leets, L. (2002). Persuasive storytelling by hate groups online: Examining its effects on
adolescents. American Behavioral Scientist, 45, 927-957.
Levin, B. (2001). History as a weapon: How extremists deny the Holocaust in North America. American
Behavioral Scientist, 44, 1001-1031.
Levin, B. (2002). Cyberhate: A legal and historical analysis of extremists' use of computer networks in
America. American Behavioral Scientist, 45, 958-988.
Levin, J., (2006). The violence of hate: Confronting racism, anti-Semitism, and other forms of bigotry.
Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
Levin, J., & McDevitt, J. (2002). Hate crimes revisited: America's war on those who are different.
Boulder, CO: Westview.
Levitas, D. (2002). The terrorist next door: The militia movement and the radical right. New York:
Thomas Dunne Books.
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Lifton, R. J. (1989). Thought reform and the psychology of totalism. Chapel Hill, N.C: The University of
North Carolina Press.
McCurrie, T. (1998). White racist extremist gang members: A behavioral profile. Journal of Gang
Research, 5(2), 51-60.
McVeigh, R., & Sikkink, D. (2005). Organized racism and the stranger. Sociological Forum, 20, 497-522.
Moghaddam, F. M., & Marsella, A. J. (Eds.). (2004). Understanding terrorism: Psychosocial roots,
consequences, and interventions. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Perry, B. (2001). In the name of hate: Understanding hate crimes. New York: Routledge.
Perry, B. (Ed.). (2003). Hate and bias crime: A reader. New York: Routledge.
Pyszczynski, T., Solomon, S., & Greenberg, J. (2002). In the wake of 9/11: The psychology of terror.
Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Reich, W., & Laqueur, W. (Eds.). (1998) Origins of terrorism: Psychologies, ideologies, theologies,
states of mind. Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Press.
Schafer, J., & Navarro, J. (2006). The seven-stage hate model: The psychopathology of hate groups.
Cultic Studies Review, 5(1), 73-86.
Staub, E. (2003). The psychology of good and evil: Why children, adults, and groups help and harm
others. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Sternberg, R. J. (Ed.). (2005). The psychology of hate. Washington, DC: American Psychological
Association
Sternberg, R. J., & Sternberg, K. (2008). The nature of hate. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Swain, C. M., & Nieli, R. (2003). Contemporary voices of White nationalism in America. New York:
Cambridge University Press.
Tsfati, Y., & Weimann, G. (2002). www.terrorism.com: Terror on the Internet. Studies in Conflict &
Terrorism, 25, 317-332.
Turpin-Petrosino, C. (2002). Hateful sirens. . . Who hears their song?: An examination of student attitudes
toward hate groups and affiliation potential. Journal of Social Issues, 58, 281-301.
Turpin-Petrosino, C. (2010). Understanding hate crimes: Acts, motives, offenders, victims, and justice.
New York: Routledge.
Valeri, R., & Borgeson, K. (2005). Identifying the face of hate. Journal of Applied Sociology, 22(1), 91104.
Waltman, M., & Haas, J. (2007). Advertising hate on the Internet. In D. W. Schumann & E. Thorson
(Eds.), Internet advertising theory and research (pp. 397-426). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
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Weatherby, G., & Scoggins, B. (2005). A content analysis of persuasion techniques used on White
Supremacist Websites. Journal of Hate Studies, 4(1), 9-31.
Worchel, S. (1999). Written in blood: Ethnic identity and the struggle for human harmony. New York:
Worth.
Selected Websites:
http://www.splcenter.org - The Southern Poverty Law Center has many resources on its website including
the regularly published Teaching Tolerance, Hatewatch, and the Intelligence Report..
http://www.tolerance.org - Companion website of the Southern Poverty Law Center for students and
educators.
www.plymouth.edu/reslife/pdfs/diversity/.../Ten_Ways_Campus.pdf - 10 Ways to Fight Hate on Campus
booklet.
http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/bja/187249.pdf - Hate Crimes on Campus: The Problem and Efforts to
Confront It, U.S. Department of Justice.
http://hatedirectory.com/ - Raymond Franklin regularly tracks hate groups online and publishes this
directory of racial, religious, ethnic, gender and sexual orientation based hatred on the Internet.
Videos:
Beyond Hate – Princeton, NJ: Films for the Humanities & Sciences
Blood in the Face – New York: First Run Features.
Hate groups USA – Princeton, NJ: Films for the Humanities & Sciences.
Inside the Ku Klux Klan – Princeton, NJ: Films for the Humanities & Sciences.
The shadow of hate: A history of intolerance in America – Montgomery, AL: Teaching Tolerance, The
Southern Poverty Law Center.
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