RSPT 1410
Atmospheric gases
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Air
Oxygen (O2)
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Helium (He)
Nitric Oxide (NO)
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
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colorless, tasteless, odorless gas mixture
78% N2; 21% O2; 1% trace gases
contains varying amounts of water vapor
nonflammable, but supports combustion
density = 1.29 kg/m3 at _________________
specific gravity = ______ at STPD
Medical Air is prepared from ________ and ________
in the proper containers, air can be transported and
stored as liquid or gas
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RSPT 1410
Atmospheric gases
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•  Specific Gravity is the comparison of a substance’s
________________________ relative to a standard
(specific gravity = 1)
•  Air is used as the standard for gases
–  A gas with a specific gravity of 1.5 weighs 1.5 times as much
as air
•  ______________ is used as the standard for liquids
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•  an elemental gas that is colorless, odorless and
tasteless
•  20.9% of atmosphere by volume; 23.2% by weight
•  __________ of earth’s crust by weight
•  nonflammable, but vigorously supports combustion
•  density = 1.429 kg/m3 at STPD
•  specific gravity = 1.105 at STPD
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RSPT 1410
Atmospheric gases
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•  at temperatures less than -184°C (-300°F), it exists as a
pale blue liquid
•  most commonly prepared by fractional distillation of
liquid air and physical separation of atmospheric air
•  in the proper containers, oxygen can be transported
and stored as liquid or gas
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colorless, odorless gas with a slightly acidic taste
nonflammable and does not support combustion
density = 1.83 kg/m3 at STPD
specific gravity = 1.52 g/L at STPD
frozen form (-56.6°C; -69.9°F) is “dry ice”
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•  purified CO2 is prepared by fractional distillation
•  used as a refrigerant, in fire extinguishers, as
beverage carbonation, water treatment and a plant
growth stimulant
•  medical CO2 is mixed with oxygen and is used
primarily to treat singultus (___________________)
& for diagnostic purposes in PF lab
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RSPT 1410
Atmospheric gases
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•  ______________________________ element
•  colorless, odorless, tasteless gas
•  nonflammable and does not support combustion
•  density = 0.178 g/L at STPD
•  specific gravity = 0.138 at STPD
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•  prepared from natural gas or by heating uranium
•  chemically and physiologically inert
•  used to decrease the work of breathing in patients
with airway obstruction – must be mixed with oxygen
(80% He/20%O2)
•  also used in pulmonary function testing
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•  colorless, odorless, tasteless gas
•  nonflammable, but does support combustion
•  density = 1.245 kg/m3 at STPD
•  specific gravity = 1.04 at STPD
•  prepared by oxidizing ________________ at high
temperature in the presence of a platinum catalyst
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RSPT 1410
Atmospheric gases
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•  ______________ in high concentrations
•  in low concentrations (2-80 ppm) it is a powerful
______________________________________
•  combined with oxygen, NO has been used
successfully to treat persistent pulmonary
hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) and acute
respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in adults
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•  colorless, sweet odor, tasteless gas
•  often called “____________________________”
•  nonflammable, but does support combustion
•  prepared by the thermal decomposition of ammonium
nitrate
•  used primarily for its CNS depression as an anesthetic
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•  can be fatal if inhaled without a proper mix of oxygen
•  long-term exposure of healthcare workers can cause
__________________________
•  National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health
(NIOSH) has recommended exposure limits
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