Chapter 3: Federalism
POLS 111 – US Government
Jacob A. Helton, BA
for Dr. Hunter
But first…
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Federalist LI (51)
• Paragraph 6
• “In republican government, the legislative
authority necessarily predominates”
• Roman Numerals
•I = 1
•V = 5
• L = 50
• C = 100
• D = 500
• M = 1000
3=III
40=XL
47=XLVII
900=CM
Basic Definitions
• Federal System of Government• Political authority is divided between selfgoverning parts and the central whole.
• Federalism• 267 varied definitions!
• Constitutional arrangement whereby
power is distributed between a central
government and subdivisional
governments. The national and
subdivisional governments both exercise
direct authority over individuals.
Types of Federalism
Dual Federalism
Layered Cake Federalism
Types of Federalism
Cooperative
Federalism
Types of Federalism
Marble Cake
Federalism
Types of Federalism
Competitive Federalism
Types of Federalism
Permissive Federalism
Types of Federalism
“Our Federalism”
States enjoy 10th amendment
Powers.
Why Federalism…
• Corrects for the negatives of unitary and confederal
systems
• Unitary becomes too large to effectively manage
• Confederal lacks any central authority for disputes
• Allows cultural/ethical differences by region
• ie. States choose decisions on gay marriage and abortion
• Encourages experimentation
• Programs tested in smaller environments
• Can be replicated if successful, little harm if not
• Government closer to the people
Powers Granted by Constitution
• Article I, Section 8
• Article I, Section 9
• Article I, Section 10
• Tenth Amendment
Special Points
• Full Faith and Credit Clause
• Interstate Privileges and Immunities
• Extradition
• Interstate Compacts
• National Supremacy and Preemption
• McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
• Implied National Powers
• NIMBYism
Loopholes
• Grants
• Categorical-Formula Grants
• Project Grants
• Block Grants
• Mandates
• Direct Orders
• Cross-Cutting Requirements
• Crossover Sanctions
• Total and Partial Preemption
Questions?