AP Biology Plant Unit Study Guide (Chapters 29, 30, 35, 36, 37, 38)
As always:
Review the bullet points at the beginning of each chapter.
Learn vocabulary in bold font in the context of the bullet points.
Use the figures listed to frame your understanding.
Chapter 29: How Plants Colonized the Land
pp. 575-578
• Predecessors of land plants (evidence for descent from Charophyscean
algae 500 mya)
• Fig. 29.1
• Adaptations to terrestrial living: What are the challenges of the
terrestrial environment? What are the advantages?
pp. 585-594
• Bryophytes and Pterophytes – increasing adaptation to terrestrial life
• Alternation of generations
• Figs. 29.6, 29.16, 29.23
• Coal beds formed in the Carboniferous (a very ferny period of Earth’s
history!)
Chapter 30: The Evolution of Seed Plants
p. 598
• the sporophyte becomes dominant generation
p. 597 bullet points
• gymnosperm (coniferous plants and gingkos) radiation in the Mezozoic
• angiosperm (flowering plant) radiation into the Cenozoic
• Fig. 30.17 (angiosperm lifecycle)
• co-evolution of angiosperms and animals
pp. 612-613
• plants and human welfare (A lot of this is intuitive!)
Chapter 35: Plant Structure and Growth
pp. 721-724
• structure and function of roots, stems, and leaves
• Fig. 35.2
• apical dominance
pp. 724-728
• structure and function of three tissue types: dermal, vascular and
ground
• Fig. 35.7
• Fig. 35.8 (xylem cellular structure)
• Fig. 35.9 (phloem cellular structure)
• distribution and function of three cell types: parenchyma, collenchyma,
and sclerenchyma
• Fig. 35.11
pp. 729-730
• meristems – what are they and where do you find them?
• Fig. 35.12
• Fig. 35.14
• (Fig. 35.16 and Fig. 35.17 optional)
p. 734
• Leaf anatomy
• Fig. 35.19 – a good place to review tissue and cell types
p. 746
• Summary of mechanisms of plant growth and development (There’s a
lot of interesting info here about genetic control of plant development.
You are not responsible for knowing it, but you should have read through
it once.)
Chapter 36: Transport in Plants
p. 749
• Fig. 36.1 (This should be a no-brainer)
pp. 750-752
• review water potential and role in transport in plants
pp. 753-756
• symplast, apoplast, and tonoplast structure and function
• surface area to volume ratio in root hairs (microrrhizal symbiosis)
• role of Casparian strip
pp. 757-758
• xylem transport
• Fig. 36.11
pp. 759-762
• root pressure and guttation
• transpiration and factors that affect it
• guard cells and stomatal control
• adaptation to dry environments
pp. 762-764
• phloem sap moves from source to sink
• phloem structure and function – sieve tubes
• Fig. 36.17
Chapter 37: Plant Nutrition
• Be aware that plants require nutrients
• Table 37.1 is a summary of the nutrients and their functions
• nitrogen fixation p. 776
• parasitic and carnivorous plants (because they’re cool) p. 780
Chapter 38: Plant Reproduction
• Fig. 38.1 (angiosperm lifecycle reprise)
• Fig. 38.2 (flower structure)
• Fig. 38.4 (male and female gametophyte formation)
pp. 789-791
• Double fertilization – endosperm and zygote formation
• Seed structure
• Fig. 38.14 seed germination
pp. 797-799
• Artificial selection vs. technically engineered crops
• Be aware of genetically modified crops, their benefits and their
drawbacks
Chapter 38: Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals
• Fig. 39.2 – review signal transduction
• Fig. 39.3 as an example of signal transduction (specifics unnecessary!)
p. 807
• experimental design in the elucidation of auxin function
pp. 808-816
• Table 39.1 – summary chart for familiarity with plant hormones, their
locations and functions (this level of understanding is the minimum)
• Fig. 39.6 – another example of chemiosmosis!
pp. 817-823
• adaptive reasons for regulation of seed germination and flowering
• relationship of light/dark patterns and circadian clocks (phytochromes)
• tropisms