Jazan University
Faculty of Engineering
Mechanical Eng. Dept.
Hydraulic Machines and Fluid Energy Systems
(EngM 426)
Experiment Report
Performance Curves of a Positive-Displacement Pump
(Piston type)
Student Name:
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Student ID:
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Jazan University
Faculty of Engineering
Mechanical Eng. Dept.
Hydraulic Machines and Fluid Energy Systems
(EngM 426)
Experiment Report
Pumps connected in series and parallel
Student Name:
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Student ID:
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Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Energy Systems (EngM 426)
1. Objective:
To determine the head-discharge characteristics of two identical centrifugal pumps
operating in series and parallel and to compare with the theoretical results.
2. Apparatus:
Hydraulic bench, two centrifugal pumps, power meter, flowrate meter, speed meter and
pressure gauges.
Ref. no.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Item
Valve for parallel operation
Pump no. 2 suction pressure gauge
Valve for series operation
Pump no. 2 suction valve
Pump no. 1 suction valve
Pump no. 1 suction pressure gauge
Pump specifications:
Maximum head = 20 m
Maximum discharge = 0.7 Lps (42 Lpm)
Maximum speed = 6000 rpm
Dr. Ahmed Bagabir
Page 2 of 8
Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Energy Systems (EngM 426)
3. Procedure:
1. Connect the two pumps in series (as shown below).
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Switch on pumps.
Set the pump speeds at same constant value.
Start the test with the regulating valve closed.
Read off pressures before and after the pumps, volumetric flow rate and electrical power.
Partially open the valve and take the readings.
Repeat above step until the valve is fully open.
8. Repeat above steps for the two pumps connected in parallel (as shown below).
Dr. Ahmed Bagabir
Page 3 of 8
Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Energy Systems (EngM 426)
4. Readings:
4.1 Pumps in series
Speed =
No.
Volume
(Litre)
Time
(s)
Inlet
p1 (bar)
Exit
p2 (bar)
Time
(s)
Inlet
p1 (bar)
Exit
p2 (bar)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
4.1 Pumps in parallel
Speed =
No.
Volume
(Litre)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Dr. Ahmed Bagabir
Page 4 of 8
Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Energy Systems (EngM 426)
5. Calculations (2 marks):
5.1. Single pump (Given)
No.
1
2
3
4
5
Flowrate
(Litre/s)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.7
Head
(m)
11.5
10.2
8.2
3.0
0
5.2. Pumps in series
No.
Flowrate
(Litre/s)
Head
(m)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
5.3. Pumps in parallel
No.
Flowrate
(Litre/s)
Head
(m)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Dr. Ahmed Bagabir
Page 5 of 8
Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Energy Systems (EngM 426)
6. Sample calculations (2 marks):
Dr. Ahmed Bagabir
Page 6 of 8
Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Energy Systems (EngM 426)
7. Results and Discussion (6 marks):
7.1. Pumps in series:
30
25
Head (m)
20
15
10
5
0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
Q (L/s)
Fig. 1: Head against flowrate for single pump and pumps in series compared with theoretical
result.
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Dr. Ahmed Bagabir
Page 7 of 8
Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Energy Systems (EngM 426)
7.2. Pumps in parallel:
30
25
Head (m)
20
15
10
5
0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
Q (L/s)
Fig. 2: Head against flowrate for single pump and pumps in parallel compared with theoretical
result.
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Dr. Ahmed Bagabir
Page 8 of 8
Jazan University
Faculty of Engineering
Mechanical Eng. Dept.
Hydraulic Machines and Fluid Energy Systems
(EngM 426)
Experiment Report
Performance Curves of a Centrifugal Pump
Student Name:
----------------------------------------------------------------
Student ID:
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(
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Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Energy Systems (EngM 426)
1. Objective: Determine the actual performance curves of a centrifugal pump at constant speed.
2. Apparatus: centrifugal pump, hydraulic bench, power meter, flowrate meter, pressure gauges.
Maximum pump head = 24 m
Maximum pump discharge = 1400 L/min
Maximum motor power = 4 kW
Pump speed = 1450 - 2900 rpm
Dr. Ahmed Bagabir
Page 2 of 9
Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Energy Systems (EngM 426)
3. Procedure:
1. Switch on the pump.
2. Set pump speed at constant value.
3. Start the test with the regulating valve closed.
4. Read off pressures before and after the pump, volumetric flow rate and electrical power.
5. Partially open the valve and take the readings.
6. Repeat above step until the valve is fully open.
7. Change pump speed and repeat steps 3 - 6.
4. Readings:
4.1. At speed =
rpm
Q (l/min)
p1 (bar)
p2 (bar)
Power (W)
p1 (bar)
p2 (bar)
Power (W)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
6.2. At speed =
rpm
Q (l/min)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Dr. Ahmed Bagabir
Page 3 of 9
=
th
H
g
gr
⎜⎝−
2π
2
Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Energy Systems (EngM 426)
5. Theory:
Dout = 0.05m
0.3m
0.15m
Din = 0.065m
⎞
⎞ ⎛ p V2
⎛ p V2
+
+ z ⎟⎟
+
+ z ⎟⎟ - ⎜⎜
H = ⎜⎜
⎠1
⎠ 2 ⎝ ρg 2 g
⎝ ρg 2 g
V=
η=
Pump impeller diameter
Suction pipe diameter
Discharge pipe diameter
β2
b2
Dr. Ahmed Bagabir
Q
Q
= 2
A πd 4
ρgQH
shaft power
= 125 mm
= 0.065 m
= 0.05 m
= 20o
= 20 mm
Page 4 of 9
Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Energy Systems (EngM 426)
6. Calculations (2 marks):
rpm
6.1. At speed =
Q (m3/s)
H (m)
Pw (W)
Pm (W)
η (%)
Hth (m)
Pw (W)
Pm (W)
η (%)
Hth (m)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
rpm
6.2. At speed =
Q (m3/s)
H (m)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Dr. Ahmed Bagabir
Page 5 of 9
Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Energy Systems (EngM 426)
6.3. Sample calculations (2 marks):
For point number ( ) of speed
Dr. Ahmed Bagabir
rpm:
Page 6 of 9
Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Energy Systems (EngM 426)
7. Results and Discussion (6 marks):
50
Head (m)
40
30
20
10
0
0
100
200
300
Q (L/min)
400
500
600
Fig. 1: Pressure head against flowrate for two different speeds; compared with the theoretical
pressure head.
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Dr. Ahmed Bagabir
Page 7 of 9
Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Energy Systems (EngM 426)
50
Power (W)
40
30
20
10
0
0
100
200
300
Q (L/min)
400
500
600
Fig. 2: Shaft power against flowrate for two different speeds.
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Dr. Ahmed Bagabir
Page 8 of 9
Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Energy Systems (EngM 426)
50
Efficiency (%)
40
30
20
10
0
0
100
200
300
Q (L/min)
400
500
600
Fig. 3: Pump efficiency against flowrate for two different speeds.
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Dr. Ahmed Bagabir
Page 9 of 9
Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Energy Systems (EngM 426)
1. Objective: Determine the actual performance curves of a positive-displacement pump (piston
type) at constant speed.
2. Apparatus: Positive-displacement pump (piston type) of maximum speed 1040rpm, hydraulic
bench (max. pressure is 5 bar), power meter, flowrate meter, pressure gauges.
Dr. Ahmed Bagabir
Page 2 of 9
Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Energy Systems (EngM 426)
3. Procedure:
1. Switch on the pump in clockwise direction.
2. Set pump speed at constant value.
3. Start the test with discharge valve fully open.
4. Read off pressures before and after the pump, volumetric flow rate and brake force.
5. Partially close the valve and take the readings.
6. Repeat above step for maximum of 6 bar outlet pressure.
7. Do not fully close the valve.
8. Change pump speed and repeat steps 3 - 6.
4. Readings:
4.1. At speed =
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
rpm
p1 (bar)
6.2. At speed =
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
p2 (bar)
Q (l/min)
Force (N)
p2 (bar)
Q (l/min)
Force (N)
rpm
p1 (bar)
Dr. Ahmed Bagabir
Page 3 of 9
Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Energy Systems (EngM 426)
5. Theory:
⎛ p V2
⎞
Head = H out − H in = ⎜⎜
+
+ z ⎟⎟
⎝ ρg 2 g
⎠ out
⎛ p V2
⎞
- ⎜⎜
+
+ z ⎟⎟
⎝ ρg 2 g
⎠ in
Water Power (Pw ) = ρgQH
Shaft Power (Pm ) = T × ω
Torque (T ) = F × L
Arm length, L = 20 cm
η=
Dr. Ahmed Bagabir
ρgQH
shaft power
Page 4 of 9
Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Energy Systems (EngM 426)
6. Calculations (2 marks):
6.1. At speed =
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
6.2. At speed =
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Dr. Ahmed Bagabir
rpm
Head (m)
Q (L/min)
Pw
Pm
η (%)
Q (L/min)
Pw
Pm
η (%)
rpm
Head (m)
Page 5 of 9
Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Energy Systems (EngM 426)
6.3. Sample calculations (2 marks):
For point number (
) of speed
Dr. Ahmed Bagabir
rpm:
Page 6 of 9
Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Energy Systems (EngM 426)
7. Results and Discussion (6 marks):
25
Q (L/min)
20
15
10
5
0
0
10
20
30
Head (m)
40
50
60
Fig. 1: Flowrate against pressure head for two different speeds.
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Dr. Ahmed Bagabir
Page 7 of 9
Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Energy Systems (EngM 426)
25
Power (W)
20
15
10
5
0
0
10
20
30
Head (m)
40
50
60
Fig. 2: Shaft power against pressure head for two different speeds.
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Dr. Ahmed Bagabir
Page 8 of 9
Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Energy Systems (EngM 426)
25
Efficiency (%)
20
15
10
5
0
0
10
20
30
Head (m)
40
50
60
Fig. 3: Pump efficiency against pressure head for two different speeds.
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Dr. Ahmed Bagabir
Page 9 of 9
Jazan University
Faculty of Engineering
Mechanical Eng. Dept.
Hydraulic Machines and Fluid Energy Systems
(EngM 426)
Experiment Report
Performance Curves of the Pelton’s Turbine
Student Name:
----------------------------------------------------------------
Student ID:
--------------------------------
(
)
Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Energy Systems (EngM 426)
1. Objective:
Determine performance curves of the Pelton’s turbine for different speeds.
2. Apparatus:
Pelton’s turbine, hydraulic bench, optic tachometer, band brake with two dynamometers
and pressure gauge.
3. Procedure:
1. Place the turbine in the bench and connect it to the water supply of the bench.
2. Switch on the pump.
3. Fully open the control valve of the bench.
4. Take the reading necessary to calculate the volume flow rate.
5. Set the band brake free (e.g. zero torque).
6. Take the reading of the brake device (F or M), tachometer (N) and pressure gauge (p).
7. Lower the braking device.
8. Repeat steps 6-7 for different turbine speeds.
Dr. Ahmed Bagabir
Page 2 of 8
Jazan University
Faculty of Engineering
Mechanical Eng. Dept.
Hydraulic Machines and Fluid Energy Systems
(EngM 426)
Experiment Report
Performance Curves of Francis Turbine
Student Name:
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Student ID:
--------------------------------
Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Energy Systems (EngM 426)
1. Objective:
Determine performance curves of the Francis turbine at constant head.
2. Apparatus:
Hydraulic bench, Francis turbine, brake drum, digital tachometer and pressure gauge.
Dr. Ahmed Bagabir
Page 2 of 8
Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Energy Systems (EngM 426)
3. Procedure:
1. Switch on the pump.
2. Fully open the control valve of the bench.
3. Fix guide vane position (eg. 1-10).
4. Set the brake free (e.g. zero torque).
5. Take the reading necessary to calculate the volume flow rate.
6. Take the reading of torque, speed and pressure of the inlet flow.
7. Lower the braking device for interval of about 500 rpm.
8. Repeat steps 6-7 for different turbine speeds.
4. Readings:
Guide vane position =
No.
Speed
(rpm)
Flowrate
(L/hr)
Pressure
(bar)
Torque
(N.m)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
5. Calculations:
Pw = ρgQH
Pm = torque × angular velocity = T × 2πN
P
η= m
Pw
No.
N
(rpm)
Q
(m3/s)
Pw
(W )
Pm
(W )
η
(%)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Dr. Ahmed Bagabir
Page 3 of 8
Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Energy Systems (EngM 426)
Sample calculations:
Dr. Ahmed Bagabir
Page 4 of 8
Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Energy Systems (EngM 426)
6. Results and Discussion:
Fig. 1: Flowrate against speed.
Dr. Ahmed Bagabir
Page 5 of 8
Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Energy Systems (EngM 426)
Fig. 2: Head against speed.
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Page 6 of 8
Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Energy Systems (EngM 426)
Fig. 3: Mechanical power against speed.
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Dr. Ahmed Bagabir
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Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Energy Systems (EngM 426)
Fig. 4: Efficiency against speed.
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Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Energy Systems (EngM 426)
4. Readings:
Volume =
Time =
Liter
Seconds
No.
F1 or M1
(N or g)
F2 or M2
(N or g)
Speed
(rpm)
Pressure
(bar)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Dr. Ahmed Bagabir
Page 3 of 8
Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Energy Systems (EngM 426)
5. Calculations:
Mean turbine radius = 50 mm
Torque arm, L = 30 mm
k = 0.98
β = 165o
Cv = 0.94
V j = Cv 2 gH
Pw = ρgQH
Pm = T × ω
Pm
T ×ω
=
Pw ρgQH
η=
For force type:
Torque = Force × Torque arm = F × L = (F2 − F1 )× L
where F is the spring force in Newton.
For weight type:
Torque = Force × Torque arm = F × L = (M 1 − M 2 )× g × L
where M is the weight in grams.
Q =
(m3/s)
H=
(m)
Vj =
(m/s)
Pw =
(W)
No
u
(m/s)
u/Vj
(φ)
Experimental
Torque
Pm
η
(N.m)
(W)
(%)
Theoretical
Torque
Pm
(N.m)
(W)
η
(%)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Dr. Ahmed Bagabir
Page 4 of 8
Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Energy Systems (EngM 426)
Sample calculations:
Dr. Ahmed Bagabir
Page 5 of 8
Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Energy Systems (EngM 426)
6. Results and Discussion:
0.4
Torque
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
U/Vj
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
Fig. 1: Experimental torque against φ (u/Vj) compared with theoretical results.
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Dr. Ahmed Bagabir
Page 6 of 8
Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Energy Systems (EngM 426)
30
Shaft Power
25
20
15
10
5
0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
U/Vj
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
Fig. 2: Experimental Mechanical power (Pm) against φ (u/Vj) compared with theoretical results.
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Dr. Ahmed Bagabir
Page 7 of 8
Hydraulic Machines & Fluid Energy Systems (EngM 426)
100
Efficiency (%)
80
60
40
20
0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
U/Vj
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
Fig. 3: Experimental Efficiency (η) against φ (u/Vj) compared with theoretical results.
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Dr. Ahmed Bagabir
Page 8 of 8