mệnh đề quan hệ - relative clauses

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KHÓA LUYỆN THI TOEIC – Cô

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NG Ữ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH TÓM LƯỢC – BÀI 18

M ỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ - RELATIVE CLAUSES

1. WHO : thay thế cho người và làm chức năng chủ ngữ hay tân ngữ.

Ex : The people are very nice. They live next door to me.

The people who live next to me are very nice.

2. WHOM : thay thế cho người và làm chức năng tân ngữ.

Ex : The girl is my sister. You met her yesterday.

The girl (whom/ who) you met yesterday is my sister.

3. WHICH : thay thế cho vật và làm chức năng chủ ngữ hay tân ngữ.

Ex : The plane left on time. It flew to the Gold Coast.

The plane which flew to the Gold Coast left on time.

4. WHOSE + NOUN : chỉ về sở hữu, có thể thay cho người và vật; và làm chủ ngữ hay tân ngữ.

Ex : The girl is my friend. Her father is a doctor.

The girl whose father is a doctor is my friend.

* Riêng thay cho vật : WHOSE + NOUN = The noun of which

5. THAT : có thể thay thế cho WHO, WHOM, WHICH

RELATIVE ADVERBS (Trạng từ quan hệ)

1. WHEN = ON/ AT/ IN WHICH

: chỉ về time.

Ex : Do you remember the day ? We first met on that day .

Do you remember the day when we first met ?

2. WHERE = ON/ AT/ IN WHICH : chỉ về nơi chốn.

Ex : Opposite my house there is a nice park . There are some beautiful trees in this park.

Opposite my house there is a nice park, where there are some beautiful trees.

3. WHY = FOR WHICH : chỉ về lí do.

Ex : Please show me the reason . You are so sad for this reason .

Please show me the reason why you are so sad .

RELATIVE CLAUSES (Mệnh đề quan hệ)

I. Restrictive Relative Clauses : ( Mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn ) Là mệnh đề mà tiền ngữ đứng trước đại từ hay trạng từ quan hệ không rõ nghĩa.

Ex : The girl (whom) you met yesterday is my sister.

* Notes :

1. Khi đại từ quan hệ

WHO, WHOM, WHICH thay thế cho tân ngữ mà nằm trong mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn có thể bỏ đi , nhưng nếu trước nó có giới từ

thì không được bỏ đi

.

2. THAT có thể thay cho WHO, WHOM, WHICH khi nằm trong mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn.

II. Non - Restrictive Relative Clauses : (

Mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn ) Là mệnh đề mà tiền ngữ đứng trước đại từ hay trạng từ quan hệ đã rõ nghĩa.

Ex : That girl, whom you met yesterday, is my sister.

* Notes :

1. Một tiền ngữ được coi là rõ nghĩa nếu

+ Nó là danh từ riêng :

Mai, Tom

+ Trước danh từ có tính từ sở hữu : my, her, … ; hay tính từ chỉ thị : this, that, these, those http://moon.vn

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2. Nếu là mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn phải có dấu phẩy (comma)

+ Ta dùng 1 dấu phẩy nếu mệnh đề quan hệ nằm sau mệnh đề chính.

+ Ta dùng 2 dấu phẩy nếu mệnh đề quan hệ nằm giữa mệnh đề chính.

3. Đại từ quan hệ

WHO, WHOM, WHICH khi thay cho tân ngữ mà nằm trong mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn không được bỏ đi

.

4. WHICH thay cho toàn bộ mệnh đề đầu, thì cũng có đấu phẩy.

Ex : He said he had no money. This was not true.

He said he had no money, which was not true.

5. THAT không được dùng trong mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn.

EXECISES

Choose the best answer:

1. I gave her all the money …… I had.

A. which B. that C.

2. The chair …… I was sitting on wasn’t very comfortable.

D. All are correct

A. that B. where C. when D. whom

3. A friend of mine, …… father is the manager of a company, helps me to get a job.

A. who B. which

4. The ladder …… I was standing began to slip.

C. whose D. whom

D. on which A. which B. in which

5. He showed us the house…………….he was born.

C. at which

A. which B. in which C. in where

6. His latest book, ……, is about his adventure in Canada.

D. in that

A. which published last week

B. that was published last week

7. That is the house in ..............I used to live.

A. that B. which

C. which was published last week

D. to be published last week

C. where

8. I'll never forget the day .............. I first met you.

A. at when B. at which C. on when

9. They own an original Picasso painting, .............. is over a million dollars.

D. there

D. on which

A. of which the value B. the value of which C. which of the value D. of the value which

10. I met the boy .............. is the president of the corporation.

A. whose father B. father of whom

BT TỰ LUYỆN CÓ ĐÁP ÁN:

C. who's father D. of whom father

1. This is the place _________ I met my wife.

A. what B. where C. which D. that

2. Simon is the man _________ Mary loves.

A. who B. which C. whom D. A&C

3. She is the one _________ I told you about.

A. what B. which C. whose D. that

4. Those _________ had studied hard passed their exams.

A. what B. which C. who D. whose

5. The magazine _________ you lent me is interesting.

A. what B. which C. whom D. whose

6. The man _________ is resting is very tired.

A. what B. which C. whom D. who http://moon.vn

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7. The boy _________ sat next to you is my friend.

A. who B. which C. whom D. whose

8. We are using books _________ were printed last year.

A. what B. who C. which D. whose

9. The painting_________Ms. Wallace bought was very expensive.

A. whom B. whose C. which D. where

10. The homeless people_____story appeared in the paper last week have now found a place to live.

A. who B. whom C. that D. whose

11. __________ is your favourite sport, swimming or running.

A. What B. Which C. Whom D. Whose

12. Were the Wright brothers the ones __________built the first aeroplane?

A. which B. whom C. whose D. that

13. I don't like stories________ have unhappy endings.

A. where B. which C. they D. who

14. She, ________ is your sister, lives far away.

A. which B. who C. whom D. she

15. I see some girls ________ are pretty.

A. whom B. which C. who D. they

16. Give back the money ________ you took.

A. it B. who C. whom D. which

17. He was killed by a man ________ friends we know.

A. whose B. which C. whom D. that

18. He spoke to the messengers with ________ you were leaving.

A. which B. whom C. whose D. that

19. We captured a town ________ is in Spain.

A. whom B. where C. which D. it

20. The farmers ________ we saw were in the field.

A. whose B. which C. they D. whom

21. The women ________ I gave the money were glad.

A. to whom B. to that C. for whom D. for that

21. The film about _____ they are talking is fantastic.

A. who B. which C. whom D. that

22. The people ____ for the bus in the rain are getting well

A. waiting B. to wait C. waited D. wait

23. He is the boy _______ is my best friend

A. that B. whom C. who D. A& C

24. I have a message for people _____ by the traffic chaos.

A. to delay B. who delay C. delayed D. who delaying

25. I live in a pleasant room ____________ the garden.

A. to overlook

C. overlooked

B. overlooking

D. which overlooking

26. Melanie was the only person _____ a letter of thanks.

A. wrote B. written C. to write D. writing

27. The pilot was the only man _______ after the crash.

A.was rescued B. rescued

C. rescuing D. to be rescued

28. I met a lot of new people at the party ________ names I can’t remember.

A. whose B. which C. who D. whom

29. I’ll see you near the post office ___________ we met the other day. http://moon.vn

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A. which B. where C. when D. why

30. Tell me the reason ______ you were absent yesterday.

A. where B. when C. why D. that

31.There was a time ____ dinosaurs dominated the earth.

A. which B. when C. that D. A & B

32. Summer is the time of the year _________ the weather is the hottest.

A. when B. which C. that D. B & C

33. Do you know the man about _______ they’re talking?

A. whom B. whose C. that D. A & C

34. What’s the name of the blonde girl _____ just came in?

A. who B. whose C. whom D. A & B

35. I don’t like people ________ lose their tempers easily.

A. who B. whose C. that D. A & C

36. I don’t like people _______ never stops talking.

A. that B. whose C. where D. whom

37. It _____in Hanoi _____ I was born and grew up.

A. is / that B. was / that C. was / which D. is / which

38. It____ Lan _____ always helps him in his trouble.

A. was/ who B. was/ that C. is / who D. is / which

39. It was The World Cup _______in Korea and Japan.

A. which was held B. that were held

C. that was held D. that held

40. Marie,_______ I met at the party, called me last night.

A. that B. whom C. which D. whose http://moon.vn

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