Contents The Economist April 27th 2013. 3 6 The world this week Leaders 11 Affirmative action 12 Time to scrap it Work and the young Generation jobless 13 Italy Red Letta day 13 Chemical weapons in Syria Asia 37 Pakistan's election The N is nigh 38 Leaving Afghanistan The big retrograde 39 Mining in Indonesia Herding wildcats 39 Japan and its neighbours For whom the belltolls 40 The Bay of Bengal New bay dawning Acid test 14 Cyprus On the cover Time to scrap affirmative action: leader, page 11. America's pending Supreme Court decisions on diversity at universities, page 23. Black empowerment in South Africa has not worked well, page 25. Malaysia's Never Ending Policy, page 26. Measuring the gains of America's civil-rights movement, page 77 41 Health-tare reform Letters 42 The new Rhodes scholars? Young China hands 42 Infrastructure boom Feeling your pain 16 On Margaret Thatcher, Cambodia, the Bitcoin Going underground Briefing 23 Affirmative action in America... Unequal protection 25 ...in South Africa Fool's gold 26 ...in Malaysia The Economist online Daily analysis and opinion from our 1g blogs, plus audio and video content, debates and a daíly chart Economist.com/blogs E-mail: newsletters and mobile edition Economist.com/email Print edition:available online by 7pm London time each Thursday Economist.com/print Audio edition: available online to download each Friday Economist.com/audioedition The Economist Volume 407 Number 8833 First published in September1843 to toke part in "a severe contest between intelligence, which presses forward, and an unworthy, timid ignorante obstructing our progress." Editorial offices in London and also: Atlanta, Beijing, Berlin, Brussels, Cairo, Chicago, Hong Kong, Johannesburg, Los Angeles, Mexico City, Moscow, New Delhi, NewYork, Paris, San Francisco, Sko Paulo, Singapore, Tokyo, Washington DC China Divided they fall A Never Ending Policy Youth unemptoyment The number ofyoung people out of work globallyis nearly as big as the population of the United States: leader, page 12. What lies behind this epidemic ofjoblessness? And what can abate it? Page 58. A degree in burgerology—and a job too, page 60 44 Banyan Can't buy me soft power Middle East and Africa 45 Power struggle in Iran Conservatives conservatives 46 Iran's many messiahs You're a fake United States 27 Tax policy 46 Violente in Iraq Polis and protests Sweet land of subsidy 28 After the marathon bombing Terrible swift sword 47 Nigeria's insurgency Ever bloodier 48 Syria's civil war... Yet another massacre 29 Cities and data 48 ...and its chemical weapons By the numbers 30 Stop and search Italy The new government looks quite promising, butits tenure should be brief: leader, page 13. What Enrico Letta means for Italy, page 49 Crossing a red line Too frisky 30 Aid policy HeLping whom, exactly? 31 College sports Fair or foul? 31 Gun control Money talks 32 Lexington Trouble with transatlantic trade The Americas 35 Paraguay's elections Return of the Colorados 36 Power in Argentina Now for the courts 36 Justice in Guatemala Playing for time Europe 49 Italy's new government Letta in post 50 Serbia and Kosovo Balkan breakthrough 50 Gay marriage in France Rainbow warriors 51 Chechnya and Dagestan Islamists in Russia 52 Housing in Spain Mortgaged to the hitt Iran Conservatives conservatives, page 45. An epidemic offake messiahs, page 46 52 German tax evasion Uli, Uli, Uli 53 Charlemagne Trouble with treaties L 3 0 Ali 2£13 --10PgcA ► Contents continues overleaf 4 Contents The Economist April 27th 2013 70 Buttonwood Overtrading 71 Zimbabwe alter hyperinflation In dollars they trust 72 Free exchange Consumer choice Britain 54 The economy Better than nothing 55 Privatisations The Last of the silver 55 Doping racehorses Giddy nags 56 Bagehot Red Ed's march Low-cost vi e ng For Bjorn Kjos, Norwegian Air Shuttle's boss, the routeto success may be Ryanair-style ruthlessness, page 61 Chile's ageing copper industry Mining has enriched Chile. Butits future is precarious, page 63 Science and technology International 58 Youth unemployment Generation jobless 60 McDonald's University Fries with that? Business 61 European airlines Here come the Vikings 62 The Tennessee Valley Authority Barack Thatcher? 63 Mining in Chile Copper solution 63 Corporate governance London's good name 64 Casual games King seizes throne 64 Entrepreneurs in Australia Starting up Down Under 65 Apple Tim Cook's cash card 66 Schumpeter Learning from Big Science 73 3D printing A new brick in the Great Wall 74 Treating cancer with radioactive bacteria Three wrongs make a right 74 Private space flight Orbital in orbit 75 Entomology Bad beehaviour Can economists understand people? A Nobel prizewinner argues for an overhaul of the theory of consumer choice: Free exchange, page 72 Principal commercial offices: 25 St James's Street, London SW1A 1HG Tel: 020 7830 7000 Rue de l'Athénée 32 1206 Geneva, Switzerland Tel: 41 22 566 2470 750 3rd Avenue, 5th Floor, NewYork, NY 10017 Tel: 1 212 541 0500 Books and arts y6 In praise of cooking Saucier's apprentices 77 Bunker HM Shots across America 77 Affirmative action Sharing the prize 78 America and the second world war That special relationship 79 How the West lost God Secularisation theories 79 Butterflies in America Marvelat allthings 84 Economic and financial indicators Finance and economics 67 The Cypriot economy Through a glass, darkly 68 The Twitter crash #newscrashrecover 68 Taxing finance Oops 69 China's subsidies Perverse advantage 69 Derivatives reform in America Swapping bad ideas Criminal bumblebees Bad beehaviour, page 75 Statistics on 42 economies, plus a closer look at commodity prices 60/F Central Plaza 18 Harbour Road, Wanchai, Hong Kong Tel: 852 2585 3888 Other commercial offices: Chicago, Dubai, Frankfurt, Los Angeles, Paris, San Francisco and Singapore Subscription service For our latest subscription offers, visit Economist.com/offers For subscription service, please contact by telephone, fax, web or mail at the details provided below: Telephone: 1 800 456 6086 (from outside the US and Canada, 1 636 449 5702) Facsimile: 1 866 856 8075 (from outside the US and Canada, 1 636 449 5703) Economistsubs.com Web: E-mail: customerhelp@economist.com Post: The Economist Subscription Services, P.O. 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