Chapter 10
(p.227-)
<Understanding Key Terms>
Match the key terms to these definitions．
a. _____________ Drug used to counteract hypertension by causing the excretion of water.
b. _____________ Removal of metabolic wastes from the body.
c. _____________ Tubular structure that receives urine from the bladder and carries it to the outside of
the body.
d. _____________ Hollow chamber in the kidney that lies inside the renal medulla and receives freshly
prepared urine from the collecting ducts.
e. _____________ Filtered portion of blood contained within the glomerular capsule.
<Testing Your Knowledge of the Concepts>
11. Which of the following is a structural difference between the urinary systems of males and females?
a. Males have a longer urethra than females.
b.In males, the urethra passes through the prostate.
c. ln males, the urethra serves both the urinary and reproductive systems.
d. All of these are correct.
12. Which of these is found in the renal medulla?
a. loop of the nephron
b. collecting ducts
c. peritubular capillaries
d. All of these are correct.
13. Which of these functions of the kidneys are mismatched?
a. excretes metabolic wastes –- rids the body of urea
b. maintains the water-salt balance –- helps regulate blood pressure
c. maintains the acid-base balance – rids the body of uric acid
d. secretes hormones – secretes erythropoietin
e. All of these are correct.
14. Which of the following is not correct?
a. Uric acid is produced from the breakdown of amino acids.
b. Creatinine is produced from breakdown reactions in the muscles.
c. Urea is the primary nitrogenous waste of humans.
d. Ammonia results from the deamination of amino acids.
15. Which part of a nephron is out of sequence first?
a. glomerular capsule
b. proximal convoluted tubule
c. distal convoluted tubule
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d. loop of the nephron
e. collecting duct
16. Which portion of the nephron has cells with a brush border and many mitochondria?
a. glomerular capsule
b. proximal convoluted tubule
c. loop of the nephron
d. distal convoluted tubule
e. collecting duct
17. When tracing the path of filtrate, the loop of the nephron follows which structure?
a. collecting duct
b. distal convoluted tubule
c. proximal convoluted tubule
d. glomerulus
e. renal pelvis
18. When tracing the path of blood, the blood vessel that follows the renal artery is the
a. peritubular capillary.
b. efferent arteriole.
c. afferent arteriole.
d. renal vein.
e. glomerulus.
19. The function of the descending limb of the loop of the nephron in the process of urine formation is
a. reabsorption of water.
b. production of filtrate.
c. reabsorption of solutes.
d. secretion of solutes.
20. Which of the following materials would not normally be filtered from the blood at the glomerulus?
a. water
b. urea
c. protein
d. glucose
e. sodium ions
21. Which of the following materials would not be maximally reabsorbed from the filtrate?
a. water
b. glucose
c. sodium ions
d. urea
e. amino acids
22. By what process are most molecules secreted from the blood into the tubule?
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a. osmosis
b. diffusion
c. active transport
d. facilitated diffusion
23. Reabsorption of the glomerular filtrate occurs primarily at the
a. proximal convoluted tubule.
b. distal convoluted tubule.
c. loop of the nephron.
d. collecting duct.
24. A countercurrent mechanism draws water from the
a. proximal convoluted tubule.
b. descending limb of the loop of the nephron.
c. distal convoluted tubule.
d. collecting duct.
e. Both b and d are correct.
25. Sodium is actively extruded from which part of the nephron?
a. descending portion of the proximal convoluted tubule
b. ascending portion of the loop of the nephron
c. ascending portion of the distal convoluted tubule
d. descending portion of the collecting duct
26. Excretion of a hypertonic urine in humans is best associated with the
a. glomerular capsule and the tubules.
b. proximal convoluted tubule only.
c. loop of the nephron and collecting duct.
d. distal convoluted tubule and peritubular capillary.
27. Which of these hormones is most likely to directly cause a drop in blood pressure?
a. aldosterone
b. antidiuretichormone(ADH）
c. erythropoietin
d. atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH)
28. The presence of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) causes an individual to excrete
a. sugars.
c. more water.
b. less water.
d. Both a and c are correct.
29. To lower blood acidity,
a. hydrogen ions are excreted, and bicarbonate ions are reabsorbed.
b. hydrogen ions are reabsorbed, and bicarbonate ions are excreted.
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c. hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions are reabsorbed.
d. hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions are excreted.
e. urea, uric acid, and ammonia are excreted.
30. The function of erythropoietin is
a. reabsorption of sodium ions.
b. excretion of potassium ions.
c. reabsorption of water.
d. to stimulate red blood cell production.
e. to increase blood pressure.
In questions 31-34, match the function of the urinary system to the human organ system in the key.
Key:
a. muscular system
b. nervous system
c. endocrine system
d. cardiovascular system
e. respiratory system
f. digestive system
g. reproductive system
31. Liver synthesizes urea.
32. Smooth muscular contraction assists voiding of urine.
33. ADH, aldosterone, and atrial natriuretic hormone regulate reabsorption of Na+ by kidneys.
34. Blood vessels deliver waste to be excreted.
35. Label this diagram of a nephron.
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＜解答＞
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