Study Guide for Rock Test
Chapter 5
Section 1
What are igneous rocks and how do they form?
Compare and contrast magma and lava.
What is magma composed of?
What are the major elements found in magma?
What are the 3 types of magma with their silica content?
What are the 4 main factors involved in magma formation?
What is the relationship between pressure and melting point?
What is the relationship between water content and melting point?
What is partial melting?
Explain Bowen's Reaction Series.
Where are the iron-rich minerals located? The Feldspars?
Which mineral is the last to form in the series?
Which mineral is the first mineral to crystallize when magma that is rich in iron and magnesium begins
to cool.
Define and illustrate a zoned crystal.
Define fractional crystallization and explain how it differs from partial melting.
How are veins formed in igneous rocks?
Section 2
What is an intrusive rock? Extrusive rock?
What size crystal will an intrusive rock form? An extrusive rock?
Which rock forms a fine-grained crystal? A coarse-grained crystal?
Define basaltic, granitic, and intermediate rocks and give an example of each.
Explain the relationship between crystal size and cooling rates.
Define a porphyritic rock and illustrate what one might look like.
How do porphyritic rocks form?
Define a pegmatite and give an example.
Define a kimberlite and give an example.
Chapter 6
Section 1
What 2 processes produce sediments?
Define the 2 types of weathering.
What is erosion?
What are the 4 main agents of erosion?
What is deposition?
What is lithification?
The Greek word lithos means what?
What are the 2 stages of lithification? Explain each.
Contrast the 2 types of bedding and state where you might find each type.
What are ripple marks and how are they formed?
Explain why some sediment grains such as quartz sand have rounded edges while others like carbonate
sand are angular?
How do fossils form?
Section 2
What are clastic sedimentary rocks?
What does the Greek word klastos mean.
Define coarse-grained rock and give an example.
Differentiate between a conglomerate and a breccia.
Define medium-grained rock, fine-grained rock and give an example of each.
What is an evaporite?
Give an example of a chemical sedimentary rock and a biochemical sedimentary rock.
Section 3
Define metamorphose.
What 2 factors are responsible for forming metamorphic rocks.
T or F: Metamorphic rocks change forms by melting and solidifying.
Differentiate between the 2 types of metamorphic textures.
Differentiate between the different grades of metamorphism.
Define regional, contact, and hydrothermal metamorphism.
What is the rock cycle?
Why is the rock cycle not a perfect circle?
What are the 3 types of rocks mentioned in the rock cycle?
How does each type of rock form?