Why can't we get along?? Cross-Cultural Communication Days of

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Why can’t we get along??
Bridging the Communication Gap between
Boomers and Gen Y
Days of your Youth
Apple in the Bowl
Silence is ‘golden’
The Communication
Style Assessment Quiz
Cross-Cultural
Communication
Communicating: if only I could get it right!
What Do your
Body Angels Say?
Foreword
Table of Contents
First off, we would like to pat our shoulders and shout,
“Congratulations and Well Done!” We have successfully
sailed through 2010 with serial publications on Love,
Friendship, Family and Finale for 2010. And now in 2011,
VOIZ is back! Yeah! Of course, we truly appreciate your
continued support and good response. Without active
readers like you, VOIZ wouldn’t be the recommended
knowledge-gaining tool that we hope it would be.
So, what is there to be excited about in 2011? What are the
highlights for this first 2011 issue? Yes, you are right, the
hot topic is – Communication.
We have come to realise that there are pronounced
differences between the generations today than there
has ever been before; specifically between parents and
their teenage children. Both generations have perpetually
strived to narrow the gap between them to facilitate
them communicating and getting along better with
each other. “Why can’t we get along?” and “Days of your
Youth” are for you to discover what are the inner voices
from both generations that obstruct this smooth flow
in communication and how to improve understanding
between them. So, don’t miss it!
What about you? Has anyone described your communication
style? Are you communicating passively, assertively or
aggressively? Or do you prefer to remain silent rather than
to create waves? Find out the kind of communication style
you practise from the two reading references here, “Apple
in the bowl” and “Silence is golden”.
Consider the statement “changes won’t take place if a
person isn’t aware of the areas of change”. How can you
ascertain you are a good communicator or team player if
you don’t know your own communication style? For this
reason, we would like to draw your attention to complete
the communication style assessment quiz for you to
understand the different communication styles available
and to help you to tune in with another person.
In life, there is always the need to interact with your friends
and those around you. But why do we all experience
difficulty in holding conversations with other people
sometimes? How can we change this? For those who
wish to establish good rapport and cultivate authentic
communication, even in cross-cultural environments, don’t
walk away. Stay tune with us, and read “Communicating: if
only I could get it right!” and “What do your body angels
say”.
Finally, we also offer a platform to recap what had gone
before in Past Events; and to update you on the present to
prepare for what will come next. By now, we hope that you
will have realised that learning, un-learning and re-learning
is indeed an on-going life-long process in our lives.
Why can’t we get along??
Bridging the Communication Gap between Boomers and Gen Y
Page 4
Days of your Youth
Page 6
Apple in the Bowl
Page 8
Silence is ‘golden’
Page 10
The Communication Style Assessment Quiz
Page 11
Cross-Cultural Communication
Communicating: if only I could get it right!
Page 14
What Do your Body Angels Say?
Page 16
Past Events
Page 18
What is Next?
Page 19
Disclaimer:
Information in this bulletin is subject to changes and is for internal circulation only on a strictly without prejudice basis. All information and comments /
contributions written by individuals on this bulletin do NOT represent the views of UCSI University. UCSI University will not be held responsible for the views of
individuals connected or otherwise to UCSI University’s articles that are posted.
2
3
This statement is written by an editor, Emily Nussbaum in
the New Work Magazine about the world of Millennials
to describe the disparate perceptions of privacy held by
the younger and older generations. Why do the younger
generations, the Millenials or Gen Ys have the perception
that a truly private life in this day and age is a mere illusion?
And why do the Boomers, the older generations of the same
time not share a similar perception of privacy? Is this what
the Generation Gap is all about? This disparity is viewed
by the Boomers with growing alarm and misapprehension
not seen since the breakthrough of the rock and roll
where the future seemed to belong to the uninhabited.
What is causing this Gap? Is it caused by a communication
breakdown between the two generations?
Generally, Boomers view the younger generation as
pampered beings who are enjoying the results of the
hard work invested by the Boomers in building up their
families, businesses, property empires, superannuation and
investments. On the other hand, Gen Ys regard Boomers
as ‘old’ and ‘nagging’, who are resistant to change and to
technological advancements. Due to the explosive use
of the internet, Gen Ys are always seen to be engaging in
technology which is somehow disturbing to the Boomers.
Consequently, Boomers perceive Gen Ys as lacking in social
skills due to their extensive reliance on internet social
networking channels like the Facebook, Twitter, Messenger,
Skype, etc., rather than face-to-face communication.
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4
For the Boomers who were raised on a certain set of beliefs
and value system, they are perceived as self-righteous,
even narcissistic and rigid, who are not growing with the
technological flow. For the Boomers, becoming fodder
for public speculation is the prerogative of celebrities,
politicians and public figures since privacy is regarded as
something to be valued and guarded. Meanwhile, Gen Ys
believe that with everyone’s actions being traceable and
detectable in America, your life is already being lived in
public, whether you choose to acknowledge it or not.
Under the circumstances, what value is ‘privacy’ then?
Consequently, Gen Ys feel that if someone could trace
your picture twenty years later, it would be far better for
you to ensure that the picture traced were a great picture;
so they would rather be “doing their own publicity than
have someone else doing it for them”, Emily expounds.
This explains Gen Ys tendency to archive and reveal their
activities on the Internet; an act that is perceived by the
Boomers to be lacking in shame, as self-centred show-offs
or as “fame whores” to whom “it is more important to be
seen than to be talented” sneers Lakshmui Chaudry of the
current issue of The Nation.
In this instance, Boomers need to communicate with Gen Ys
to convince Gen Ys of their genuine concern over the aftereffects of such self-revelations, like being adversely-judged
and regretting them when they begin to age themselves
since the tapes can never be erased. However, being the
more experienced generation, the Boomers should be
able to appreciate the similarities between Gen Ys present
predicament with what the Boomers themselves had
undergone when their Elvis and rock and roll critics have
been proven wrong with the passage of time. Gen Ys on
the other hand, need to be more respectful of the Boomers
and appreciate their concerns instead of dismissing them
as the views of people who are narcissistic.
Generally, we all like others to understand us and our
perspectives. So, although the two generations have a gap
of at least 18 years apart, it is possible for communication
between them to be improved, with effort, of course, to
appreciate each others’ viewpoints. For ultimately, it is
not a matter of which generation you come from, but
more of treating each other with respect and learning to
understand each other from the others’ perspective, while
also practising tolerance and acceptance of views other
than your own.
In a nutshell, Gen Ys need to appreciate the knowledge
and experience Boomers have in some aspects of life
and practise more patience with them on the issue of
technology. Boomers, in turn, need to acknowledge that
Gen Ys are different from them and therefore cannot
always fit their mould or be like them. Only then would
the communication gap between the two generations be
reduced and ironed out to facilitate a closer relationship
between them.
Remark: Boomers are born in 1946–1964 while the Gen Ys
or the Millenials are born in 1982–2000
Obviously, the issue here is not about which generation’s
perception of privacy is wrong or right, but rather it is more
a matter of understanding each other and respecting each
other’s opinions on the matter of privacy. This inevitable
cross-generational tension phenomenon is a large factor
of the escalating communication breakdowns within our
society, even within the family unit. So, how do the Boomers
and the Millennials see each other? More importantly, how
do they talk to each other to acknowledge their differences?
5
Written by: Joseph Cheong, Vice President of Student Council, Faculty of Music, Social Sciences and Design
*Silence reigns while the father and son are dining at the dinner table.*
Son : Dad, I’ll be going out for a movie with my friends this Saturday.
Dad : What time?
Son : Around 3.00pm after lunch.
Dad : What time will you be home?
Son : Last movie starts at 8.00pm, which means most probably I’ll be
back by 11.00p.m.
Dad : Do you have enough money?
Son : Yes.
Dad : Ok. Take care then.
*And the lull of silence which was broken for a few moments now
continues for the rest of the dinner.*
There must be a reason for this rift of silence between parents and children. Some sort of
void exists between most children and parents when it comes to family relationship. They
are two sides of a coin. When parents say, “My children don’t open up to me as much as I’d
hope they would”, children on the other hand exclaim that, “My parents don’t understand
me”. What then, is the real problem?
This actually is the much-tooted generation gap. In layman terms, it simply refers to the
inability for children and parents to relate at a mutual level of understanding. Therefore,
teenagers find it hard to relate to their parents at certain moments. Of course, there are
times when a random topic might just spark a whole conversation between these two
entities. For example, which team would they support for the World Cup?
Then again, this generation gap may seem alien to some children. This is obviously due
to their affection for their parents and their ability to communicate well with each other:
somehow, when they talk, they jive with each other like honey to tea. So, they find comfort
and solace confiding in their parents, talking to them, spending time with them either
during meal times, or catching a quick 30-minute series with them.
Although we are all teenagers, this generation gap does not necessarily apply to all
teenage-parents relationships. Even if there were a minute gap, it is not so obvious that
it would affect our relationship with our parents. In the end, it still matters to us to build
a bridge or lay the stepping stones of communication with our parents. After all, we bear
their DNA’s, right?
7
p assive
Choice 2:
AGGRESSIVE COMMUNICATION
Aggression is about dominance. A person
is aggressive when they impose their will
onto other people and tries to force them
to submit to him / her while ignoring
other peoples’ feelings, e.g. grabbing the
apple before anyone else had a chance
at it. It means you are emotionally honest
with yourself, direct, expressive and selfenhancing at the expense of others.
a ggresive
Choice 1: PASSIVE COMMUNICATION
People behave passively when they let others push
them around, do not stand up for themselves, or when
they do what they are told regardless of how they
feel about it, e.g. hungrily eyeing the apple and not
saying anything about it. It means you are emotionally
dishonest with yourself, indirect, inhibited and selfdenying.
Passive people might end up being taken for a ride,
as people would take advantage of them; feel hurt
and anxious at times; to probably feel anger and
resentment later. Meanwhile, other people might
feel irritated, pity or be disgusted with their ‘lack of
backbone’ reaction to a situation.
A PPLE I N T HE B OWL
In general, applying an assertive behaviour is considered to be the
more balanced approach in life. Ultimately, it is not just a choice
between an aggressive or a passive style of communication. It's
about respecting the rights (personal boundaries) and feelings
of others and expecting others to respect your rights and
feelings too. Practising assertiveness is about having respect for
yourself and other people.
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Let’s have a look at the characteristics of each type of behaviour and their effects:
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So, what would be your reaction in the above situation? And what kind of response would
you expect from other people with the choices that you had made?
Choice 3:
ASSERTIVE COMMUNICATION
Assertiveness is about finding the middle
path, e.g. you may ask “I’m hungry, would
anyone like to share this apple with me?” It
means you are emotionally honest with
yourself and direct, expressive and selfenhancing. Assertive people stand up for
themselves (when required), express true
feelings, are confident and will not allow
other people to take advantage of them,
while simultaneously being considerate of
other people’s feelings. Consequently, other
people will feel they are appreciated and
are valued, too.
Nevertheless,
there
are
advantages
to possessing passive or aggressive
behaviours, e.g. being passive and giving
in to the demands of others may prevent
disagreements or confrontations, or be
generally liked by everyone. However, a
person who is always aggressive won’t have
others pushing him/her around. Then again,
you may also get things done by tactfully
agreeing with others, which is the best
communication style in times of emergency.
Written by: Life Angels
In considering communication styles, an assertiveness training activity, i.e. “ The Apple in
the Bowl”, comes to mind. In this activity, we were asked to observe human behaviour in
approaching something that they want, specifically to determine passive, aggressive, and
assertive behaviours. In brief, we noticed that while the passive person would hungrily
eye the apple and not say anything; the aggressive person would grab the apple before
anyone else had a chance; while the assertive person would say, “I’m hungry, would
anyone like to share this apple with me?”
Besides this, you might feel superior,
deprecating at times, and would probably
feel guilty later. If you are aggressive and
pushy, people might feel angry and vengeful
against you and might prefer to avoid you.
A communication works or a misunderstanding arises not really
because of what you want to say, but HOW you say it. So, make your
own choice today and respect your right and people’s rights too!
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Silence is ‘golden’
Words like ‘I don’t care, I want it to be done this way’
will probably be what come out automatically for
an aggressive communicator like me. Used to saying
things in a direct manner, it sometimes causes people
to dread talking to me. This is because I would not just
back down from my stand. I would always stand true by
it. Thus, I’ve been told that this makes others wonder:
don’t people like me have a softer side? Well, indeed
we do!
Along the years, I have learned that ‘I don’t care…’, ‘Why
didn’t you….!’ and many other similar phrases are taboo
for most people because they sound too cruel and
ruthless. However, I do not push my way through just
because of my loud voice and stern demeanour. More
importantly, I do not point my fingers and reprimand
others over trivial matters. So, I’ve learned to make
things easier for everyone concerned.
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Assessment Quiz
Look at these four groups and browse through the characteristics below to determine your major communication style.
You should have at least four points in your selection.
Written by: Life Angels
People around me always say that I’m a very ‘vocal’
person. Sometimes I wonder what they mean by that,
because as far as I am concerned, I just speak my
thoughts and opinions. Perhaps being vocal means
being able to express myself well. Maybe it could also
mean that I make sure my points get across and people
hear me. When I have an argument or disagreement
with my friends or family members, I will usually
approach them to talk about it. Having said that, it also
means that there are people who will approach me and
say “Hey, I think you’re being too harsh”.
The Communication Styles
I have found that everything can be worked through,
over a not-so- sweet cup of coffee. Will it hurt me to
take this approach to convince others of my stand? Will
the whole world or the whole system crumble if I were
to use this approach to win approvals? Of course not!
That being the case, why must I be so sarcastic with my
words? Grace, I’ve come to realise, is more appreciated
than a cynical and mocking personality.
And with that realization, I began to change. Although
it was not easy to do, this approach seemed to work
better for me. Now, I still get things done my way, but
in a friendlier and more amicable manner. I obviously
sound so much better that my friends commented that
I have turned from being an aggressive communicator
to becoming an assertive communicator. That’s when
people around me felt that I had ‘mellowed’ down a lot.
Not because I’ve changed my principles or values, but I
have changed the way I view things and the way I say
things to others. Either way, I still get what I want.
However, with my former aggressive way, I left bad
memories instead of good memories of me in people’s mind.
As the days passed by, I have also learned to be silent. It
has been a while since I debated over issues with some
of my friends. Now, whenever an issue pops up, I will
put in some them thoughts to consider if they were
worth a confrontation. Although, this is not a natural
reaction for me, the years of being told that I needed
to mellow down has made me think twice about
reacting spontaneously over certain matters. Though
my principles and values remain steadfast with me to
respond strongly most of the time, I have also learned
to listen and observe more now and to also change
the way I speak and do things. Now, even when I feel
some things are not right, and would like to make them
right, I do not burst speaking out anymore. This could
be because I feel they are not worth talking about
anymore. Hence, I resort to silence being ‘golden’.
Hands-on person
• prefers hands-on experiences and
activities
• is task-oriented
• refrains from discussions, is solutionfocused
• practices logical thinking; doing things
in an orderly way
• does not welcome change.
Thinker
• enjoys analyzing problems and finding
systematic ways to solve them
• likes structure and organization
• enjoys creating ideas based on theory
and information
• needs facts and information to make
decisions
• is more interested in ideas than people.
Explorer
• likes to try new things by trial and error
• spontaneous and quick in making
decisions
• a risk-taker; welcomes changes
• resists boredom
• explores practical uses of ideas
• relies more on people for information.
Free-Thinker
• works based on views and opinions on
feelings
• likes to brainstorm
• views problems and experiences from
different perspectives
• makes decision based on intuition, not
logic
• dislikes structure.
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The Hands-on person
prefers hands-on activities or experiences. For them,
since time is precious, they like brief and to the
point statements. Thus, they rarely get involved in
discussions, preferring to focus more on the tasks to
be completed.
Their logical and organized thinking lead them to
do things in an orderly and systematic way to make
decisions without thinking too much. Efficiency and
productivity are the essential elements in their lives.
The Thinker
enjoys analyzing problems and finding systematic
ways to solve them. Their minds never stop working
as they find abstractions interesting and enjoyable.
For them, key decisions need to be done in a cautious
way with the facts and data to support them. They
prefer to focus on issues rather than people.
To them, emotions create problems. However, they
tend to be cool when facing problems.
Tips to accommodate the Hands-on Style
• Avoid procrastinating or giving excuses
• Try to make brief and “to-the-point” comments
• Minimize discussions or talks and get the tasks
completed
• Apply concrete terms and ideas either in making
presentations or explanations
• Pay attention to deadlines
• Try to work things in an organized and precise way.
Tips to accommodate the Thinker Style
• Avoid procrastinating or giving excuses
• Pay attention to deadlines
• Apply visual arts like charts, graphs, outlines and
mappings to present information and explanations
• Be open on the use of terms and ideas which are
abstract
• Support information with facts or views with logic and
evidence
• Provide opportunities for research-type tasks.
The Explorer
enjoys using his / her imagination for innovation.
Regarded as a quick thinker who is impulsive and
always looking for new possibilities, with a tendency
to start things without completing them.
Likes tasks which offer variety and intellectual
stimulation. Dislikes details.
Tips to accommodate the Explorer Style
• Be open and allow for ideas which are new and
innovative
• Show interest and be attentive to ideas
• Relate the ideas with real world examples
• Focus on the process and its applications rather than the
facts
• Be patient with disorganization
• Be patient with ideas switching from one side to the
other
• Try to share humour and jokes for a laugh
• Provide opportunities for creative and innovative-type of
tasks.
The Free-Thinker
people / person who views problems from different
perspectives. They rely on intuitions rather than
facts when making decisions.
To them, a good relationship is essential in one’s life.
Talking and working collaboratively with people is a
creative art.
Learning is enjoyable when it is learnt through
discussions. They believe people need to work
together in order to get things done.
You vs Others
Tips to accommodate the Free-Thinker Style
• Avoid questioning or challenging the person’s logic
• Be willing to share personal experiences
• Be friendly, show interest and be attentive
• Show how the ideas are applicable in life
• Be open to use the language of metaphors and
expressions
• Allow room for flexibility
• Provide opportunities for interactive-type of tasks.
None of the styles is greater
than the other but they
illustrate how differently each
person thinks, acts, learns and
communicates.
How successful you tune in
with another person is greatly
dependent on your ability
to recognize, respect, and
adjust, as well as your ability to
accommodate another person’s
style of communication and
ways of doing things. Flexibility
and compromise are the keys.
Disclaimer:
Information in this assessment has been collected and used with the written authorization from the related parties for use in the VOIZ magazine only and may not be duplicated or used by
any other party without the written consent from the original author. All information written in this profile does NOT represent the views of UCSI University.
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13
Oops!
Living in North Africa, I took my family to join the crowds
celebrating the arrival of the king. I shouted along with
the rest, “Hail the King”- or so I thought. To my great
embarrassment, I later realized I was yelling “Hail the
Spoon” all afternoon instead of “Hail the King”! All it took
was one syllable difference and letter pronunciation, and I
had managed to transform the Arabic word for ``King” into
``Spoon”.
At UCSI University, the only common language we all
share is English. However, it isn’t the first language for
the majority of us. Have you ever considered how many
different English dialects and accents are represented
at UCSI University? Rough estimates would be around
seventy! On top of this, Malaysians themselves vary in their
English accents, depending where they come from in the
country and what their first language is.
Here in Malaysia, I am often caught off guard by a word
spoken by someone who speaks English very well. I have to
stop, and try pronouncing the confusing word in my mind
with a different pronunciation before it makes sense to me.
What are they talking about?
I have had many students tell me that they understand
English, but they don’t understand one certain person or
another because of the accent that person might speak
with. This includes the speed of speech, pronunciation,
inflection, and the use of expressions or idioms, among
other things. Some cultures speak very quickly. Some use
their hands as much as their tongues to communicate!
Heads or Tails?
The use of expressions and idioms is another confusing
barrier at times, which can make the listener think the
speaker is either crazy or very strange! Idioms are usually
cultural expressions, so even fluent-speaking English
speakers from different countries in the world might not
understand each other when they use idioms to express
their thoughts. When I googled “idioms” for this article, I
found several rants about how, “English is difficult enough
without using idioms!” Hmmm…
Different languages use different vocal sounds. For example,
Chinese languages are tonal, and German is guttural. Most
Mediterranean languages roll their “r’s”. When speed and
language sounds, as well as voice inflection and syllable
emphasis are transferred into English pronunciation, the
result is a local accent.
So, what to do, lah? Or is that, eh?
Well, when it comes to better communication, especially in
a cross-cultural environment, the best place is to start with
a good sense of humour. My American friend told a funny
story: Not knowing the correct Arabic word for “mortar
and pestle”, but needing to purchase one, she proceeded
to make the motion with her hands to the local spice
seller. After many attempts, he finally seemed to grasp her
meaning, and told her to return the next day. The following
day, he proudly held out a toilet plunger to her, at a very
good price of course!
Clearly, learning vocabulary is an important first step!
However, after that, you need big doses of understanding,
patience and persistence. Start with trying to understand
your own language assumptions and practices. If you realize
you speak quickly or use a lot of idioms in your speech, try
to adjust your speech. If you find it difficult to understand
another English accent, work hard at active listening and
look for non-verbal clues to help you.
Communicating: if only I could get it right!
Written by: Sally Nelson, International Student Centre, UCSI University
14
#
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& ! @
Whatever you do, don’t judge or criticise another person’s
attempts at communicating. Worst of all, don’t dismiss
them by jumping to all kinds of negative conclusions about
them or their culture. Cross-cultural communication needs
work, but it is worth the reward. I have spent a life-time
building relationships with people from vastly different
languages and cultures than my own, and I consider myself
exceedingly wealthy in life experience as a result. You
will be similarly rewarded if you take the effort and time
to communicate as effectively as possible, and open your
mind to understanding and accepting other people.
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Cross-Cultural
Communication
@
*
Communicating effectively is difficult at the best of
times, but what happens when you add language or
cultural differences into the mix? Well, if you keep your
sense of humour, cross-cultural interactions add spice
to life and richness to relationships. If you take yourself
or others too seriously, it can cause friction, frustration
and misunderstanding. Effective communication is the
responsibility of both the speaker and the listener. We need
to actively listen for understanding.
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15
What Do your
Body Angels Say?
Written by: Life Angels
It’s always interesting to study and identify the signals and meanings of
the nonverbal communication or the body language of others. Nonverbal
communication is the single most powerful form of communication which
cues you to the other person’s mind.
Body language covers from the head down to the toes, your facial
expressions, gestures, signs, and the use of space. However, the
multicultural differences in nonverbal communication are enormously
open to misinterpretations.
Body Talk for Personal Space
There are some nonverbal exchanges which I have
witnessed occurring in an organization. An individual
from a different nationality tried to establish rapport by
communicating with another individual of the opposite
gender from another nationality. He tried to narrow the
distance between himself and the individual who kept
backing away and attempting to maintain her level
of spatial comfort. However, he didn’t recognize the
signals she had sent. All in all, she appeared terrified of
this individual who was constantly gesticulating in his
speech and moving forward to a distance that narrowed
her comfort zone.
Each of us has our own personal space with clearly
marked boundaries which we guard. Only those whom
we feel close to are permitted to enter this space. Thus,
the closer people feel emotionally to each other, the
closer they will be to each other.
So, pay attention and heed every gesture with your eyes.
Body talk for Building rapport
Is there ever any doubt in your mind that you have
the power to express your body language for social
networking? Your body language which includes the
tiniest facial expressions and body movements, can give
you an advantage if you use them correctly. One such
aspect is mirroring. Nonverbally, mirroring says, “look
at me, I’m the same as you” (in expression/movement)
which is how we tell others that we agree with them
or vice versa. But before you mirror somebody’s body
language, it would be better to take into consideration
your relationship with the person as mirroring is also
effective in intimidating or disarming superior types who
try to take control of a situation from you.
Assessment: Which body languages can you use to
empower your ability to communicate better with
others?
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Past Events
What is Next?
Leadership Enhancement through the DISC Profile
Leadership Enhancement through the DISC Profile Workshop was conducted on 4 & 11 March 2011 by the Student
Development & Counselling Unit.
60 students had signed up for this programme to discover their individual unique personality and to learn how each
personality influences their leadership style. Since everyone is a leader within ourselves, it would be good for us to learn
about our own style in order to manage ourselves better when dealing with others, especially when we are leading a
group of people as a leader.
Some participants’ testimonials:
1.I’ve made new friends, learned how to interact with others and to increase our teamwork efforts as the group’s
leader through the activities I experienced.
2.The DISC profile highlights the different types of people and techniques in dealing with the different leadership
situations.
3.I learned about my own personality and also the qualities of a good leader.
4.The DISC Profile helped me to understand myself better.
5.I have a clear understanding about own personality and learned how to interact with different personalities.
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Join the following Learning
Groups in May 2011 semester:
Transition to University
Self Discovery
Gender Identity
Student Development & Counselling Unit
3 rd Floor, Block A, South Wing, Kuala Lumpur Campus
Tel: +603-9101 8880 ext 3161 / 3164 / 3167
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