यह- है (Yeh- Hai) sentences
October 1, 2009
20091001-YahSentences.mp3
All sentences starting with यह (Yeh) ends in है (hai) in present tense.
English
This is a book.
Hindi
यह कताब है ।
Transliteration
Yeh kitaab hai
This is a flower.
यह फूल है ।
Yeh phool hai
This is a house.
यह घर है ।
Yeh ghar hai
This is a pen.
यह कलम है ।
Yeh kalam hai
This is a child.
यह बचा है ।
Yeh bachcha hai
वह- है (Vah- Hai) sentences
In present tense, all the sentences starting with वह (Vah) ends in है (hai).
English
That is a book.
Hindi
वह कताब है।
Transliteration
Vah kitaab hai
That is a flower.
वह फूल है ।
Vah phool hai
That is a house.
वह घर है ।
Vah ghar hai
That is a pen.
वह कलम है ।
Vah kalam hai
That is a school.
वह कूल है ।
Vah school hai
ये - ह (Ye - Haim) sentences
In present tense, all the sentences starting with ये (Yeh) ends in ह (haim).
English
These are books.
Hindi
ये कताब ह।
Transliteration
Ye kitaabem haim
These are windows.
ये खड़कयाँ ह।
Ye khidkiyam haim
These are boys.
ये लड़के ह।
Ye ladke haim
These are girls
ये लड़कयाँ ह।
Ye ladkiyam haim
These are fruits.
ये फल ह।
Ye phal haim
वे – ह (Ve – Haim) sentences
In present tense, all the sentences starting with वे (Ve) ends in ह (haim).
English
Those are books.
Hindi
वे कताब ह।
Transliteration
Ve kitaabem haim
Those are boys.
वे लड़के ह।
Ve ladke haim
Those are girls.
वे लड़कयाँ ह।
Ve ladkiyam haim
Those are teachers.
वे अयापक ह।
Ve adhyapak haim
Those are fruits.
वे फल ह।
Ve phal haim
Myself
October 2, 2009
20091002-Myself.mp3
English
Who are you?
Hindi
तुम कौन हो?
Transliteration
Tum kaun ho?
I am a girl/boy.
म एक लड़क$/लड़का हूँ।
Mein ek ladki/ladka hoon
What is your name?
आपका नाम 'या है ?
Aapka naam kya hai?
My name is Geetha.
मेरा नाम गीता है ।
Mera naam Geetha hai
My name is Dr.John.
मेरा नाम *.जॉन है ।
Mera naam Dr.John hai
How old are you?
आपक$ 'या उ/ है ?
Aapki kya umr hai?
I am five years old.
म पाँच साल का हूँ।
Mein paanch saal ka hoon
I am 35 years old.
म पतीस साल क$ हूँ।
Mein painteesh saal ki hoon
Do you go to school?
'या तुम कूल जाते हो?
Kya tum school jate ho?
Yes, I go to school.
हा, म कूल जाता हूँ।
Ha, mein school jata hoon.
What do you do?
तुम 'या करते हो?
Tum kya karte ho?
I go to college.
म कॅलेज जाता हूँ।
Mein college jata hoon.
In which class do you
study?
तुम कौन से क2ा म पढ़ते
Tum kaun se kaksha mein
padte ho?
th
हो?
I study in 4 standard.
म चौथी क2ा म पढ़ता हूँ।
Where do you live?
तुम कहाँ रहते हो?
I live in ........
म ....... म रहता हूँ।
What is your father’s name? तु5हारे 6पता का नाम 'या
है ?
Mein chauthi kaksha mein
padta hoon
Tum kahan rahte ho?
Main .......mein rahata hoon
Tumhare pita ka naam kya
hai?
My father’s name is .......... मेरे 6पता का नाम 7ी........... Mere pita ka naam
shree........... hai.
है ।
What is your mother’s
आप क$ माँ का नाम 'या है ? Aap ki maa ka naam kya hai?
name?
My mother’s name is ........ मेर8 माँ का नाम 9ीमती
Meri maa ka naam Sreemati
........ hai
........ है ।
Do you have any brothers
and sisters?
No, I don’t have any
brothers and sisters.
आपके कोई भाई बहन है ?
नह8ं, मेरे कोई भाई बहन नह8ं Nahin, mere koi bhai bahan
nahin hai
है ।
Yes, I do have brothers and हाँ, मेरे भाई बहन है ।
sisters.
How many brothers and
आपके कतने भाई बहन है ?
sisters do you have?
I have 1 brother and 2
मेरे एक भाई और दो बहन
sisters.
है ।
Who is in your house?
I have my grandparents,
parents and a sister in my
house.
Aapke koi bhai bahan hai?
Haam, mere bhai bahan hai
Aapke kitane bhai bahan hai?
Mere ek bhai aur do bahanem
hai
Aapke ghar mein kaun kaun
hai?
मेरे घर म अपने दादा-दाद8, Mere ghar mein apne dadadadi, mata-pita, aur ek bahan
माता-6पता, और एक बहन है । hai
आपके घर म कौन कौन है ?
IMPERATIVE – वध (vidhi)
October 3, 2009
20091003-Imperatives.mp3
An imperative is a verb that expresses command or a request. This is derived from the stem of
the Verb.
•
आओ(aao), जाओ(jaao), करो(karo), etc are used in addressing equals or inferiors.
•
आइये(Aayiye), बैCठए (baithiye), क$िजए (keejiye),etc are used in addressing elders and
•
persons whom we respect.
All the respectful forms presuppose the use of आप or some similar title of respect.
•
For the negative imperative, मत (math) is used. With the respectful forms,न (na) is the
correct word, though मत is occasionally found.
•
The Infinitive is also used as a gentle Imperative.
egs.:English
Stop!
Hindi
ठहरो !
Transliteration
Thaharo
You go!
तू जा।
Tu jaa
You study!
तू पढ़।
Tu padh
You also come!
तू भी चल।
Tu bhi chal
Come here!
यहाँ आओ !
Yahan aao
Don’t go there!
वहाँ मत जाओ !
Vahan math jaao
You don’t take this pen!
तुम यह कलम मत लेना !
Tum yeh kalam math lena
Hurry up!
जFद8 करो !
Jaldi karo
Don’t touch!
छूना मत !
Chuna math
You go there!
तुम वहाँ जाओ !
Tum vahan jaao
Bring a cup of milk!
एक Hयाला दध
ू लाओ।
Ek pyala doodh laao
Please come.
(आप) आइये ।
(Aap) Aayiye
Please sit here.
यहाँ बैCठए।
Yahan baithiye
Please do this work.
यह काम क$िजए।
Yeh kaam keejiye
Please don’t do this work
आप यह काम न/मत क$िजए। Aap yeh kaam na/math keejiye
Please do not sell this watch. आप यह घड़ी मत बेचना।
Aap yeh ghadi math bechna
Hindi Terms for Body Parts
October 4, 2009
20091004-BodyParts.mp3
English
Head
Hindi
Kसर
Transliteration
Sir
Hair
बाल
Bal
Body
शर8र
Shareer
Eye
आँख
Aankh
Ear
कान
Kaan
Nose
नाक
Naak
Face
चेहरा
Chehra
Mouth
मुँह
Muh
Cheek
गाल
Gal
Chin
थोड़ी
Thodi
Hand
हाथ
Haath
Leg
पैर
Pair
Toe
अंगुल8 पैर क$
Anguli pair ki
Finger
अंगुल8 हाथ क$
Anguli haath ki
Thumb
अंगूठा
Angutha
Index Finger
तजMनी
Tarjani
Middle Finger
मयमा
Madhyama
Ring Finger
अनाKमका
Anamika
Little Finger
कनी अंगुल8
Kani Anguli
Wrist
कलाई
Kalai
Arm
बाँह
Banh
Palm
हथेल8
Hatheli
Fist
मN
ु ी
Mutthi
Lip
हOठ
Honth
Heel
एडी
Edi
Shoulder
कंधा
Kandha
Neck
गदM न
Gardan
Throat
गला
Gala
Waist
कमर
Kamar
Elbow
कुहनी
Kuhani
Knee
गुटाना
Gutana
Skin
चमड़ी
Chamadi
Chest
छाती
Chathi
Tongue
जीब
Jeeb
Joint
जोरहा
Jorha
Beard
दाढ़8
Dadhi
Moustache
मूँछ
Moonch
Tooth
दाँत
Danth
Brain
Cदमाग़
Dimaag
Nail
नाख़ून
Nakhun
Vein
नस
Nas
Back
पीठ
Peeth
Belly, Stomach
पेट
Pet
Muscle
मांसपेशी
Manspeshi
Forehead
माथा
Matha
Blood
खून
Khoon
Bone
हTडी
Haddi
Heart
Uदय
Hriday
Eyebrow
भVह
Bhaunh
Skull
खोपWर
Khopri
Adjectives - वशेषण (Visheshan)
October 5, 2009
20091005-Adjectives-part1.mp3
Adjectives - वशेषण (Visheshan)
An adjective is often defined as a word which describes or gives more information about a noun
or pronoun. Adjectives describe nouns in terms of such qualities as size, color, number, and
kind.
Adjectives agree with the nouns they qualify. Hindi adjectives are of two types: those that
inflect (change their endings), and those that are invariable. Those which inflect, such as bigबड़ा (badaa), or good - अछा (acha) and small - छोटा (chota), end in आ (aa) in the masculine
singular, ए(a) in masculine plural and ई (e) in the feminine singular and plural. The invariable
adjectives, like clean- साफ (saaf), hot - गरम (garam), excellent – उXतम (uttam), difficult – कCठन
(kathin), firm – Yध
ु (drudh), monthly- माKसक (masik), daily- दै Zनक (dainik), strong- बलवान
(balvaan), etc never change.
egs:
English
Good Boy
Hindi
अछा लड़का
Transliteration
Achcha ladka
Good Girl
अछ[ लड़क$
Achchi ladki
Good Boys
अछे लड़के
Achche ladke
Good Girls
अछ[ लड़कयाँ
Achchi ladkiyam
Cold water
ठं डा पानी
Thanda paani
Small house
छोटा घर
Chota ghar
Small table
छोट8 मेज़
Choti mez
Small tables
छोट8 मेज़
Choti mezen
Small rooms
छोटे कमरे
Chote kamre
Black cat
काल8 ]बFल8
Kaali billi
Fat men
मोटे आदमी
Mote admi
Sweet fruits
मीठे फल
Meethe phal
Hot milk
गरम दध
ू
Garam doodh
This small girl is my sister.
यह छोट8 लड़क$ मेर8 बहन है ।
Yeh choti ladki meri bahan hai
He drinks hot tea.
वह गरम चाइ पीता है ।
Vah garam chai peeta hai
The elephant is a big animal.
हाथी बड़ा जानवर है ।
Haathi bada janvar hai
Based on the use, adjective is divided into the following categories:
1.
Adjective of Quality – गुणवाचक (gunavachak)
2.
Adjective of Number – सं_यावाचक (samkhyavachak)
3.
Adjective of Quantity – पWरमाणवाचक (parimanvachak)
4.
Demonstrative Adjective – संकेतवाचक (sanketvachak)
Adjectives - Colors - रं ग & Size - आकार
October 6, 2009
20091006-Adjectives-colors-sizes.mp3
Colors - रं ग
English
Black
Hindi
काला
Transliteration
kaalaa
Blue
नीला
neelaa
Brown
भूरा
booraa
Gray
लेट8/ अधेड़
sleytee/ adhed
Green
हरा
Haraa
Orange
संतर8
santree
Purple
जामुनी/ बैगनी
jamunee/baiganee
Red/Carmine
लाल
Laal
White
सफ़ेद
Safed
Yellow
पीला
peelaa
Pink
गुलाबी
gulabi
Golden
सुनहरा/ चमक$ला
sunehra/chamkeela
Silver
चाँद8
chaandi
Buff
बादामी
baadami
Size - आकार
Big, large
बड़ा
badaa
Deep
गहरा
geheraa
Long
लंबा / द8घM
lambaa/deerg
Narrow
पतला
patlaa
Short
छोटा
chotaa
Small, little
छोटा
chotaa
Tall
ऊंचा
oonchaa
Thick
मोटा / गाढ़ा
motaa/gaadha
Thin
दब
ु ला /पतला
dubala/patlaa
Wide
चौड़ा
choudaa
Heavy
भार8
bhari
Light
हलका
halka
Adjectives - Qualities - गुण
October 7, 2009
20091007-Adjectives-qualities.mp3
Ambitious
अKभलाषी
abhilashi
Bad
बुरा
buraa
Clean
साफ़
saaf
Competent/ efficient
Zनपुण/ कायM2म
nipun/karyaksham
Dark
सांवला / गहरा
saavlaa / gehraa
Difficult
मुिcकल
mushkil
Dirty
गंदा
gandaa
Dry
सूखा
sookaa
Easy
आसान
aasaan
Empty
खाल8
kaalee
Expensive
महँगा
mehengaa
Evil/Sinful/criminal
पापी
papi
Fast
तेज़
tez
Gentle/Innocent/Decent
भला
bhala
Foreign
6वदे शी
videshee
Full
पूरा / सारा
pooraa / saaraa
Good
अछा
achcha
Gullible/bold
सीधा
seedha
Hard (firm)
सdत
sakt
Heavy
भार8
bharee
Honest/faithful
सचा
sachcha
Inexpensive
सता
sastaa
Light (illumination)
उजाला
ujaala
Light (weight)
हलका
halkaa
Local
थानीय
staaneeya
Liar/insincere
झूठा
jhootha
Mischievous/lewd
दfु ट
dusht
New
नया
nayaa
Noisy
सशgद
sashabd
Old (things)
परु ाना
purana
Old (people)
बूढ़ा
booda
Powerful
शि'तशाल8
shakteeshaalee
Punctual
पाबhद/ समयZनfठ
paaband/samay nishth
Quiet
चुप
chup
Right / Correct
सह8 / ठ[क
sahee / teek
Slow
धीरे
dherey
Soft
नरम
naram
Very
बहुत/ ख़ूब
bahut/khoob
Weak
कमज़ोर
kamzor
Wet
गीला
geelaa
Wrong / Incorrect
गलत
galat
Young
जवान
javaan
Adjectives - वशेषण (Visheshan) - Part 2
October 8, 2009
20091008-Adjectives-part2.mp3
Based on the use, adjective is divided into the following categories:
1.
Adjective of Quality – गुणवाचक 6वशेषण (gunavachak visheshan)
2.
Adjective of Number – सं_यावाचक 6वशेषण (samkhyavachak visheshan)
3.
Adjective of Quantity – पWरमाणवाचक 6वशेषण (parimanvachak visheshan)
4.
Demonstrative Adjective – संकेतवाचक 6वशेषण (sanketvachak visheshan)
1.
Adjectives of Quality - गुणवाचक वशेषण (gunavachak visheshan): Adjectives that
describe the quality, colour, shape, condition, time, position or location of a noun or a
ponoun are called Adjectives of Quality (गुणवाचक 6वशेषण).
Examples:
Tripti is an honest girl.- तिृ Hत ईमानदार लड़क$ है |
Raipur is a large city. - रायपुर बड़ा शहर है |
Foolish person do not get success. - मख
ू M jयि'त को सफलता नह8ं Kमलती |
India is a great country. - भारत एक महान दे श है |
He is an American. - वह एक अमेWरक$ है |
She is very poor. - वह बहुत गर8ब है |
He is a liar.- वह झूठा है |
This river is broad and deep. यह नद8 चौड़ा और गहरा है |
Roses are red, yellow and pink.- गुलाब लाल, पीले और गुलाबी रं ग के ह
Adjectives - Part 3
October 9, 2009
20091009-Adjectives-part3.mp3
1.
Adjective of Number – संयावाचक वशेषण (samkhyavachak visheshan)
Adjectives denoting the number of a noun or a pronoun are called adjectives of number.
Adjectives of number (सं_यावाचक 6वशेषण) are of following types:a.
Definite Numeral Adjectives - Zनिcचत सं_यावाचक 6वशेषण, which denote an
exact number, such as:
Cardinals like one, two, three, etc (ek, do teen,...)
Ordinals like first, second, third, etc (pahala, doosra, teesra,....)
half, quarter, three-forth, etc(adha, paun, paav, sava, teen chauthayee,....)
numbers like both, scores, dozens, etc(donom, charom, dasom, hazarom,
darjanom, ....)
once, twice, thrice, four times, etc(duguna, tiguna, chauguna,.....)
words that represent every person or thing of a group like each, every, etc
(kXयेक, kZत, हर एक, एक एक)
b.
once, twice, thrice, four times, etc(duguna, tiguna, chauguna,.....)
words that represent every person or thing of a group like each, every, etc
(kXयेक, kZत, हर एक, एक एक)
Indefinite Numeral Adjectives – अZनिcचत सं_यावाचक 6वशेषण – which denotes
an indefinite number such as few-कुछ (kuch), many- अनेक (aneek), a lot-कई
(kayee)
Examples:
All men must die.- सभी jयि'तयO क$ मXृ यु Zनिcचत है ।
Most people like to see film.- अlधकतर लोग चलlचm दे खना पसंद करते ह ।
There are fifteen students in the class.- क2ा म पhYह 6वnयाथo ह ।
I want to meet every member of the team.- म ट8म के kXयेक सदय से Kमलना चाहता हूँ
|
I ate three bananas. - मने तीन केले खाया |
The hand has five fingers. - हाथ म पांच उं गKलयां है
Few cats like cold water. - कुछ ]बिFलयO को ठं डा पानी पसंद है
There are no pictures in this book - इस कताब म कोई lचm नह8ं है
Adjectives - Part 4
October 10, 2009
20091010-Adjectives-part4.mp3
3.
Adjective of Quantity – प!रमाणवाचक वशेषण (parimanvachak visheshan):
Words describing value, measurment, number etc are called Adjective of Number
(पWरमाणवाचक 6वशेषण). पWरमाणवाचक 6वशेषण (parimanvachak visheshan) is divided
into two categories:a.
Zनिcचत पWरमाणवाचक 6वशेषण (nishchit parimanvachak visheshan) –An
adjective that denotes a definite value or measurement.
Examples:
Quarter pound wheat - सवा सेर गेहू
Quarter gram sugar-पाव भर चीनी
b.
अZनिcचत पWरमाणवाचक 6वशेषण (anishchit parimanvachak visheshan) - An
adjective that denotes an indefinite value or measurement.
Examples:
I ate some rice.- मैने कुछ चावल खाया।
He showed much patience.- वह बहुत धैयM Cदखाया।
He has little intelligence.- वह थोड़ा खुफया है ।
We had enough exercise.- हमने बहुत अpयास कया।
He has lost all his wealth. - वह अपनी सार8 संपिXत खो Cदया है ।
4.
Demonstrative Adjective – संकेतवाचक वशेषण (sanketvachak visheshan): Adjectives
which indicate toward some person or thing are called Demonstrative Adjectives.
Examples:
This boy is more intelligent than Mohan.- यह लड़का मोहन से अlधक बु6qमान है ।
These fruits are sweet.- ये फल मीठे ह।
I like such things.- मुझे ऐसी चीज़ पसंद है ।
That boy is strong.- वह लड़का मजबूत है ।
Case Endings – कारक (karak) - Part 1
October 11, 2009
20091011-CaseEndings-part1
The form of noun or pronoun that forms a direct connection with the verb is called case.
The Cases are indicated by the addition of suffixes, 6वभि'त or postpositions, kXयय. Only for
vocative case, the case endings are used as prefixes. For all other cases, the case endings are
suffixes.
There are eight cases in Hindi.
1. Nominative – (the doer)- कताM - ने
2. Accusative –(action/deed, that which is done) - कमM - को
3. Instrumental - (producing, causing) करण - से, के साथ, के nवारा
4. Dative - (to whom, or for whom given) - संkदान - के Kलए, को
5. Ablative – (taking from/separation/detachment) - अपादान - से (पथ
ृ क)
6. Genitive –( bound up with, related) - संबंध - का, के, क$ - The Genitive Case signifyies any
relation or connection which may exist between two or more persons or things.
7. Locative – (placing upon) अlधकरण - म , पर - It has reference to place, time, and logical
sequence.
8. Vocative –(calling to, address) संबोधन - हे ! हरे ! - The Vocative is the Case used when a
person or persons are directly addressed.
This poem could help you to remember all the case endings:
“कताM ने अt कमM को, करण र8Zत से जान ।
संkदान को, के Kलए, अपादान से मान ।।
का, के, क$, संबंध ह, अlधकरणाCदक म मान ।
रे ! हे ! हो ! संबोधन, Kमm धरहु यह यान ।। “
(Karta ne aru karm ko, karan reeti se jaan.
Sampradaan ko,ke liye, apadaan se maan.
ka, ke, ki, sambhandh hai, adhikaranaadik mein maan.
re! hey! ho! sambodhan, mitr dharahu yeh dhyan.)
Case Endings - Part 2
October 12, 2009
20091012-CaseEndings-Part2.mp3
1.
कता$ कारक – denotes the doer of the verb or the deed or action. Though ने (ne) is the case
ending for karta karak, sometimes it is used without any suffix.
English
Hindi
Transliteration
Rama killed Ravana.
राम ने रावण को मारा ।
Ram ne Ravan ko mara
Radha is dancing.
राधा नाचती है ।
Radha nachti hai
The boy read.
लड़के ने पढ़ा।
Ladke ne padha
Father drank tea.
6पताजी ने चाय पी।
Pitaji ne chai pi
Rohit sang a song.
रोCहत ने गीत गाया।
Rohit ne geet gaaya
2.
कम$ कारक – The person or thing on which an action or deed has an effect or business with is
denoted by a karm karak. को is its case ending.
English
Hindi
Transliteration
Mohan called Ram.
मोहन ने राम को बल
ु ाया।
Mohan ne Ram ko bulaaya
Mother fed the child.
माँ ने बचे को खलाया।
Maa ne bachche ko khilaya
I saw Rajan.
मैने राजन को दे खा।
Maine Rajan ko dekha
Give him a pen.
उसको एक कलम दो।
Usko ek kalam do
Annabel likes fruits.
आनबेल को फल पसंद है ।
Annabel ko phal pasand hai
3. करण कारक – denotes the medium or means or that is instrumental in the kriya – verb done by
a noun or a pronoun. से, के साथ, के &वारा are the case endings used.
English
Hindi
Transliteration
Boy writes with a pen.
लड़का कलम से Kलखता है।
ladka kalam se likhta hai
Children are playing with ball.
बालक ग द से खेल रहे है ।
Baalak gend se khel rahe hai
I live with Joseph.
म जोसेफ के साथ रहता हूँ।
Main Joseph ke saath rahta hoon
I shall send the letter across my
son.
म खत बेटे के nवारा बेचती हूँ। Main khat bete ke dwaara bechti
With whom are you going to
town?
तुम कसके साथ शहर जा रह8
hoon
Tum kiske saath shahar jaa rahi ho?
हो?
4. सं'दान कारक – denotes to whom something is done, or for whom something is given. के *लए, को
are the case endings.
English
Hindi
Transliteration
Give milk to Ramu.
रामू को दध
ू दो।
Ramu ko doodh do
Mary bought toys for her
child.
मेर8 ने बचे के Kलए खलौना
Mary ne bachche ke liye khilauna
khareeda
Pray to Sun for health.
खर8दा।
वाuय के Kलए सूयM को नमकार
करो ।
Give fruits to Guruji.
गt
ु जी को फल दो।
Swaasthya ke liye surya ko namaskar
karo
Aree dusht!
Case Endings - Part 3
October 13, 2009
20091013-CaseEndings-part3.mp3
अपादान कारक -
a separation/detachment from the noun or the pronoun is denoted by से.
English
Hindi
Transliteration
Book fell from hand.
हाथ से कताब lगर गयी।
Haath se kitaab gir gayi
Boys are returning from school.
लड़के कूल से लौट रहे है ।
Ladke school se laut rahe hai
Sangeetha feel from the horse.
संगीता घोड़े से lगर पड़ी।
Sangeetha ghode se gir padi
Child fell from roof-top.
बचा छत से lगर पड़ा।
Bachcha chat se gir pada
6. संबंध कारक - का, के, क/ signifies a relation or connection between two or more persons or
things.
English
Hindi
Transliteration
This is Kamala’s cow.
यह कमला क$ गाय है।
Yeh Kamala ki gaay hai
This is Radheshyam’s son.
यह राधेcयाम का बेटा है ।
Yeh Radheshyam ka beta hai
These are Ram’s children.
ये राम के बचे है ।
Ye Ram ke bachche hai
This is my house.
यह मेरा घर है ।
Yeh mera (main +ka) ghar hai
This is Thomas’ book.
यह थॉमस क$ कताब है।
Yeh Thomas ki kitaab hai
7. अधकरण कारक - It has reference to place, time, and logical sequence. म1 , पर are the case
endings.
English
Hindi
Transliteration
Who stays in this house?
इस घर म कौन रहता है ?
Is ghar mein kaun rahata hai?
Book is laid on the table.
मेज़ पर कताब रखी है ।
Mez par kitaab rakhi hai
There is red ink in the pen.
कलम म लाल याह8 है ।
Kalam mein lal syaahi hai
Bees are hovering over the lowers. भँवरा फूलO पर मँडरा रहा है । Bhavraa phoolom par mandara raha hai
T.V. is kept in the room.
कमरे म ट8.वी. रखा है ।
Kamre mein T.V. raha hai
8. संबोधन कारक – is used for addressing a person or persons. हे ! हरे ! अरे ! हो ! are used.
English
Hindi
Transliteration
My goodness!/Jesus!/Oh God!
हे भगवान !
Hey Bhagvaan
Oh Brother! why are you crying?
अरे भैया ! 'यO रो रहे हो ?
Are bhaiyya! kyon ro rahe ho?
Hey Gopal! Come here.
हे गोपाल ! यहाँ आओ।
Hey Gopal! yaham aao
Oh wicked!
अरे दfु ट!
Examples of case-endings
October 14, 2009
20091014-MoreExamplesOfCaseEndings.mp3
घोड़ा श5द
Case
Singular
Plural
कताM
घोड़े ने
घोड़O ने
कमM
घोड़े को
घोड़O को
करण
घोड़े से
घोड़O से
संkदान
घोड़े के Kलए
घोड़O के Kलए
अपादान
घोड़े से
घोड़O से
संबंध
घोड़े का, घोड़े क$, घोड़े के
घोड़O का, घोड़O क$, घोड़O के
अlधकरण
घोड़े म , घोड़े पर
घोड़O म , घोड़O पर
संबोधन
हे घोड़े
हे घोड़O
बा*लका श5द
Case
Singular
Plural
कताM
बाKलका ने
बाKलकाओं ने
कमM
बाKलका को
बाKलकाओं को
करण
बाKलका से
बाKलकाओं से
संkदान
बाKलका के Kलए
बाKलकाओं के Kलए
अपादान
बाKलका से
बाKलकाओं से
संबंध
बाKलका का, बाKलका क$, बाKलका के
बाKलकाओं का, बाKलकाओं क$, बाKलकाओं के
अlधकरण बाKलका म , बाKलका पर
बाKलकाओं म , बाKलकाओं पर
संबोधन
हे बाKलकाओं
हे बाKलका
Adjectives - Shapes & Tastes
October 15, 2009
20091015-Adjectives-ShapesTastes.mp3
Adjectives
Shapes
Round
गोल
gol
Straight
सीधा
seedha
Square
समकोण
samakon
Triangular
]mभुज/]mकोण
treebooj / treekorn
Spherical
गोलाकार
golaakar
Cone
शंकु
shanku
Rectangle
समकोण समानाhतर चतुभुज
M
samakon samaantar chaturbhuj
Pyramid
सूची तंभ
soochi stambh
Cylinder
बेलनाकार
belanakaar
Cube
घन
ghan
Tastes
Astringent
कटु
kattu
Bitter
कड़वा
kadvaa
Cool
ठं डा
thanda
Delicious
वाCदfट
swadishth
Dry
सूखा
sookha
Fresh
ताज़ा
taaza
Pungent
कडुआ
kaduwa
Hot
ऊfण/ तेज
ushn/tej
Salty
नमक$न
namkeen
Sour
खvा
khataa
Spicy
मसालेदार
masaledaar
Succulent
रसभरा/ रसीला
rasbhara/raseela
Sweet
मीठा
meetha
The Use of चा6हए (Chahiye)
October 16, 2009
20091016-UseOfChahiye.mp3
चा6हए (Chahiye) means ought to, should, must. When चा6हए (chahiye) is used, the subject always
takes को.
English
Hindi
Transliteration
What do you want?
आपको 'या चाCहए?
Aapko kya chahiye?
I want a good pen.
मुझे एक अछ[ कलम चाCहए।
Mujhe ek achchi kalam chahiye
Everybody should speak.
सबको बोलना चाCहए।
Sabko bolna chahiye
Ram should sing.
राम को गाना चाCहए।
Ram ko gaana chahiye
You must memorize your lesson. तुमको अपना सबक याद करना
Tumko apna sabak yaad karna chahiye
चाCहए।
You too must learn Hindi.
आपको भी Cहhद8 सीखना चाCहए। Aapko bhi Hindi seekhna chahiye
All must wear clean clothes.
सबको सॉफ-सुधरे कपड़े पहनने
चाCहए।
Sabko saaf-sudhare kapade pahanne
chahiye
Children ought to play in the
evening everyday.
बचO को रोज़ शाम को खेलना
She must do all her work on her
own.
इसको अपना सब काम खुद करना Isko apna sab kaam khud karna
Jenny, you must not play in the
street!
जेhनी, तुमको सड़क म नह8ं खेलना Jenny, tumko sadak mein nahin khelna
चाCहए।
चाCहए।
चाCहए।
You should have taken some time तुमको 6पछले हwते कुछ समय
off last week to get some rest.
Zनकाल कर आराम कर लेने चाCहए
थे।
Bachchom ko roz shaam ko khelna
chahiye
chahiye
chahiye
Tumko pichale hafte kuch samay nikal
kar aaram kar lene chahiye the
You shouldn't have drunk so
much.
तु5हे इतना पीना नह8ं चाCहए।
Tumhe itna peena nahin chahiye
You ought not worry so much.
तुमको इतनी lचंता नह8ं करनी
Tumko itni chinta nahin karni chahiye
चाCहए।
This stock ought to increase in
value.
इस टॉक के मूFय म व6ृ q होनी
चाCहए।
Is stock ke moolya mein vrudhi honi
chahiye
The Use of चुक (Chuk)
October 17, 2009
20091017-UseOfChuk.mp3
चुक (Chuk) means finished or over or cease or conclude. It is used with the verb-root. ने is not
added to the subject when चुक is used. Variations occur to चुक according to the gender and
number of the noun.
Examples:
English
Hindi
Transliteration
Padma finished dancing.
पxा नाच चुक$।
Padma naach chuki
He finished his work.
वह अपना काम कर चुका।
Vah apna kaam kar chuka
We finished washing clothes.
हम कपड़े धो चुके।
Hum kapade dho chuke
The girls finished running.
लड़कयाँ दौड़ चुक$।
Ladkiyam daud chuki
Gopal finished writing the homework गोपाल छःबजे के पहले गहृ कायाM Gopal chah baje ke pahale
before 6 o’clock.
grihakarya likh chuka
Kलख चुका।
I shall finish meeting him before you
come.
तु5हारे आने के पहले म बोल
चुका गा।
Tumhare aane ke pahale main bol
chuka hoonga
They had finished their work.
वे अपना काम पूरा कर चुके थे। Ve apna kaam poora kar chuke the
Did you finish reading this book?
'या तुम यह कताब पढ़ चुके?
Kya tum yeh kitaab pad chuke?
The teacher has finished teaching his अयापक पाठ सीखा चक
ु े।
lessons.
Adhyapak padh sikha chuke
We finished running two kilometers.
हम दो कलोमीटर दौड़ चुके।
Hum do kilometer daud chuke
Is your sister’s marriage over?
तु5हार8 बहन क$ शाद8 हो चुक$? Tumhari bahan ki shaadi ho chuki?
We have finished our bath.
हम नहा चुके।
Hum naha chuke
Girls finished eating all mangoes.
लड़कयाँ सभी आम खा चुक$।
Ladkiyam sabhi aam kha chuki
Since चक
ु (Chuk) denotes end or conclusion, it is known as समािHत बोधक सहायक zया
(samaapti bodhak sahayak kriya).
The Use of सक (Sak)
October 18, 2009
20091018-UseOfSak.mp3
सक (sak) means can or could. It is used with the verb-root. ने is not added to the subject when
सक is used. Variations to सक are applied according to the gender and number of the noun –
सका, सक/, सके, सक1गे, सकते, सकती, सकता. Since सक (Sak) denotes the ability or capability or
possibility to do something, it is known as शि:त बोधक सहायक ;<या (shakti bodhak sahayak
kriya). सक is also used for denoting permission (i.e. may).
Examples:
English
Hindi
Transliteration
He can speak Tamil.
वह तKमल बोल सकता है।
Vah Tamil bol sakta hai
Peter can climb a tree
पीटर पेड़ पर चढ़ सकता है ।
Peter ped par chadh sakta hai
Neeraja can sing Hindi
songs.
नीरजा Cहhद8 गीत गा सकती है ।
Neeraja Hindi geet gaa sakti hai
Can you understand my
talk?
'या तुम मेर8 बात समज सकते हो?
Kya tum meri baat samaj sakte ho?
I don't know if I can lift
this piano by myself.
म नह8ं जानता क$ म अपने आप यह
Main nahin jaanta ki main apne aap yeh
piano utha sakta hoon ya nahin
6पयानो उठा सकता हूँ या नह8ं।
Could you lend me your
newspaper?
'या आप मुझे आपके अख़बार उदार दे Kya aap mujhe aapke akhbaar udaar de
सकते है ?
sakte hai?
Can I go to the party?
'या म पाट{/ दावत म जा सहता हूँ?
Kya main party/daavat mein jaa sahta
hoon?
Balu could not pass the
examination.
बालू पर82ा म उतीणM नह8ं हो सका।
Balu pareeksha mein uteern nahin ho
saka
I could not meet you
yesterday.
कल म तम
ु से नह8ं Kमल सका।
Kal main tumse nahin mil saka
Can you smoke outside
please?
'या आप बाहर धू/पान कर सकते है ? Kya aap bahar dhoomrapaan kar sakte
hai?
You can go.
तुम जा सकते हो।
Tum jaa sakte ho
Can he lift 150 kgs?
'या वह एक सौ पचास कलो उठा
Kya vah ek sau pachchas kilo otha saktha
hai?
सकता है ?
May I use your swimming म इस दोपहर को आपके िवि5मंग
pool this afternoon?
पूल (तरणताल) का इतामाल कर
Main is dopahar ko aapke swimming pool
(tarantaal) ka istamaal kar sakta hoon?
सकता हूँ?
May I leave the table?
म टे बल/ मेज़ छोड़ सकता हूँ?
Main table/mez chod sakta hoon?
We shall not be able to
catch the train today.
हम आज रे लगाड़ी नह8ं पकड़ सकगे।
Hum aaj relgaadi nahin pakad sakenge
Post- Positions - संबंध सूचक अ>यय (Sambandh soochak Avyay)
October 19, 2009
20091019-Post-Positions-part1.mp3
Post- Positions are elements that, combines syntactically with a phrase and indicates how that
phrase should be interpreted in the surrounding context, and also establishes the grammatical
relationship that links its complement phrase to another word or phrase in the context.
Examples:
English
Hindi
Transliteration
They eat without salt.
वे नमक के ]बना खाते है।
Ve namak ke bina khate hai
I stay with Lakshmi.
म ल|मी के साथ रहती हूँ।
Main Lakshmi ke saath rahti
hoon
He sings like Yesudas.
यह येसुदास क$ तरह गाता है। Yah Yesudas ki tarah gaata hai
My friend has much wealth.
मेरे दोत के पास बहुत धन
है ।
Everyday Sarala comes after 5 o’clock.
Why is Gomas going towards the sea?
सरला रोज़ पाँच बजे के बाद Sarala roz paanch baje ke baad
आती है।
aati hai
गोमस समुYा क$ तरफ 'यO
Gomas samudra ki taraf kyon jaa
raha hai?
जा रहा है ?
What do you know about Gandhiji?
तुम गाँधीजी के बारे म 'या
जानते हो ?
आप गाँधीजी के बारे म 'या
जानते ह ?
I have to go towards the school.
Post office is infront of the hotel.
Mere dost ke pass bahut dhan
hai
Tum Gandhiji ke bare mein kya
jaante ho?
Aap Gandhiji ke bare mein kya
jaante haim?
मुझे पाठशाला क$ और जाना Mujhe paathshaala ki aur jaana
है ।
hai
डाकघर होटे ल के सामने है ।
Daak ghar hotel ke saamne hai
Cat is above the table.
]बFल8 मेज़ के उपर है ।
Billi mez ke upar hai
Dog is sleeping below the table.
कुXता मेज़ के नीचे सो रहा
Kutta mez ke neeche so raha hai
है ।
Keep your shoes outside the temple.
अपना जत
ू ा मंCदर के बाहर
रखए।
My office is behind that house.
मेरा द}तर उस मखान के
पीछे है ।
Rachelle is going with Peter.
रे चेल पीटर के साथ जा रह8
है ।
Please meet me before 4 pm.
कृपया चार बजे के पहले
मुझसे Kमल।
Apart from/In addition to Hindi, which
other language can you speak?
Mera daftar us makhaan ke
peeche hai
Rachelle Peter ke saath jaa rahi
hai
Kripaya chaar baje ke pahale
mujse milen
Cहhद8 के अलावा तुम कौनसी Hindi ke alaava tum kaunsi
भाषा बोल सकते हो?
Mr.Milton is the new officer in the place 7ी जॉजM क$ जगह, 7ी
of Mr.George.
KमFटन नये अफ़सर है ।
Study well like Isabella.
Apna juta mandir ke baahar
rakhiye
bhasha bol sakte ho?
Shree George ki jagah, shree
Milton naye afsar hai.
इसबेFला क$ तरह अछ[ तरह Isabella ki tarah achi tarah padna
पड़ना।
List of post-positions
October 20, 2009
20091020-Post-Positions-part2.mp3
List of post-positions:
English
above
Hindi
के उपर
Transliteration
ke upar
below
के नीचे
ke neeche
outside
के बाहर
ke baahar
inside
के अंदर
ke andar
with, in possession of
के पास
ke pass
for
के Kलए, के वाते
ke liye, ke vaste
behind
के पीछे
ke peeche
with, in the company of
के साथ
ke saath
without
के ]बना
ke binaa
after
के बाद
ke baad
in front of
के सामने
ke saamne
before
के पहले
ke pahale
at the place of
के यहाँ
ke yaham
except
के Kसवाय
ke sivay
apart from, in addition to
के अलावा
ke alaava
about, regarding
के बारे म
ke bare mein
towards
क$ तरफ, क$ और
ki taraf, ki aur
like, in the manner of
क$ तरह
ki tarah
in the place of
क$ जगह
ki jagah
Use of kar
October 21, 2009
20091021-UseOfKar.mp3
The Use of कर (Kar) - कर का उपयोग
The word कर denotes do/to do/having done something.
English
Narayan went home after
eating bread.
Hindi
Do it cautiously, or with
great care.
What did you see after
going to Delhi?
सावधान होकर करो।
Saavdhaan hokar karo
तुम CदFल8 जाकर 'या
Tum dilli jaakar kya dekha?
नारायण रोट8 खाकर घर
Transliteration
Narayan roti khakar ghar gaya
गया।
दे खा?
After leaving Mumbai, I
म मंब
ु ई से चलकर कल
reached Chennai yesterday.
चेhनई पहुँचा।
Main Mumbai se chalkar kal
Chennai pahuncha
We eat after bath.
Hum nahakar khate haim
हम नहाकर खाते ह।
I shall come after going
म घर होकर आऊंगा।
home.
On hearing this he got very यह सुनकर वह बहत नाराज़
ु
angry.
हुआ।
What did the doctor say
रोगी क$ जांज करके डॉ'टर
after examining the
ने 'या कहा?
patient?
Main ghar hokar aaoonga
Seeing the policeman, the पोल8स को दे खकर चोर
thief ran away.
भाग गया।
Police ko dhekakr chor bhag gaya
Having taken the tiffin,
they went to school.
I will buy this book and
read.
Yah sunkar vah bahut naraaz hua
Rogi ki janj karke dactor ne kya
kaha?
नाcता करके वे कूल गये। Nashta karke ve school gaye
म यह कताब खर8द कर
पढ़ूंगा।
Main yah kitaab khareed kar
padhoonga
Plane flew a short distance हवाइ ज़हाज़ थोड़ी दरू
and landed down.
उड़कर नीचे उतरा।
Hawai jahaz thodi door udkar
neeche utara
You did bad meeting him. तुमने उनसे Kमलकर बहत
ु
Tumne unse milkar bahut bura
बरु ा कया।
kiya
How to maintain the
computer?
क5Hयूटर का रख रखाव
Computer ka rakh rakhaav kaise
karem?
How to use almond?
बादाम का सेवन कैसे कर ? Badam ka sevan kaise karem?
Having eaten and drunk,
they went to
खा पीकर वे सो गये।
Kha peekar ve so gaye
sleep.
He did it knowingly or
deliberately.
जान भझ
ू कर उसने ऐसा
Jaan bhujh kar usne aisa kiya
There is no meaner
occupation than begging.
माँगने से बढ़कर कोई अदम Maangne se badkar koi adam
kaam nahin hai
काम नह8ं है ।
AIDS is an infectious
disease that weakens the
immunity of the infected
person and victimize them
to many other diseases and
result in death.
Aids ek aisa saankramik bimari
hai jo peedit vyakti ki rog
बीमार8 है जो पी~ड़त jयि'त nirodhak shakti ko athyanthik
क$ रोग Zनरोधक शि'त को kamzor kar anya kayi bimariyom
ka shikahar banakar mrytyu ka
अXयंZतक कमज़ोर कर
karan banti hai
अhय कई बीमाWरयO का
कैसे कर ?
कया।
एTस एक ऐसा सांzKमक
Kशकार बनाकर /Xयु का
कारण बनती है ।
Use of Chah
October 22, 2009
20091022-UseOfChah.mp3
The Use of चाह (Chah)
The word चाह means love, liking, desire, demand, or requirement. The use of चाह is different
from the use of चाCहए (chahiye).
English
What do you want?
I want some work.
Hindi
तुम 'या चाहते हो?
म कुछ काम चाहता हूँ।
Transliteration
Tum kya chahte ho?
Main kuch kaam chahta hoon
We want good Government. हम सुशासन चाहते ह।
Hum sushaasan chahte haim
We want leave today.
हम आज छुvी चाहते ह।
Hum aaj chutti chahte haim
I wanted a cup of hot
coffee.
मैने एक Hयाला गरम काफ़$ Maine ek pyala garam kafi chahi
चाह8।
What did he want?
उसने 'या चाहा?
I want your car for few
hours.
थोड़ी दे र के Kलए म आपक$ Thodi der ke liye main aapki
gaadi chahta hoon
गाड़ी चाहता हूँ।
'या तुम ये कताब चाहते Kya tum ye kitaabem chahte ho?
Do you want these books?
Usne kya chaha?
हो?
My sister wants a picture
like this.
मेर8 बहन ऐसा एक lचm
चाहती है ।
Do you want warm water or तुम गरम पानी चाहते हो
cold water?
या ठं डा पानी?
Meri bahan aisa ek chitr chahti
hai
Tum garam paani chahte ho ya
thanda paani?
I want to learn Hindi.
म Cहhद8 सीखना चाहता हूँ। Main Hindi seekhna chahta hoon
Saran wants to read
Sanskrit.
सरण संकृत पढ़ना चाहता Saran Sanskrit padhna chahta hai
है ।
When do you want to go to तुम कब मॅ~*ड जाना चाहते Tum kab Madrid jaana chahte
Madrid?
ho?
हो?
They wanted to help you.
वे आपक$ सहायता करना
Ve aapki sahaayata karna chahte
चाहते थे।
the
Where do you want to stay? आप कहाँ रहना चाहते ह?
Aap kahan rahna chahte haim?
Do you want to see Hindi
cinema?
'या तुम Cहhद8 Kसनेमा
Kya tum Hindi cinema dekhna
chahte ho?
Ravana wanted to marry
Sita.
रावण ने सीता से शाद8
दे खना चाहते हो?
करना चाहा।
She does not want to live in वह इस घर म रहना नह8ं
this house.
चाहती।
Ravan ne Sita se shaadi karna
chaha
Vah is ghar mein rahna nahin
chahti
Conjunctions - part 1
October 23, 2009
20091023-Conjunctions-part1.mp3
Conjunction – समु@छय बोधक (Samuchaya bodhak)
A conjunction is a word that connects other words or groups of words or sentences. There are
two types of conjunctions in Hindi – समानाlधकरण (Samaanaadhikaran) and jयlधकरण
(vyadhikaran)
I.
समानाlधकरण (Samaanaadhikaran) Conjunctions connects two grammatically equal
words or word groups or sentences.The types of समानाlधकरण (Samaanaadhikaran)
Conjunctions are:
•
संयोजक - Samyojak (Additive) such as and-और (aur), and-व (va), and- तथा (tatha), एवं
(evam). They are used to join grammatically equal single words or clauses or sentences.
English
Ram and Shyam
Hindi
राम और cयाम
Transliteration
Ram aur Shyam
Bob and Dan are friends.
बॉब और दान दोत ह।
Bob aur Dan dost hai
Clouds came and it started
raining.
बादल आए और वषाM होने
Badal aye aur varsha hone
lagi
bid and offer price
बोल8 एवं kता6वत क$मत
लगी।
boli evam prasthavit keemath
prospectus and rights
6ववरण पm एवं अlधकार पm vivaran patr evam adhikaar
patr
printing and stationery supplies छपाई तथा लेखन सामी
chapaayi tatha lekhan
samagri
complaint and suggestion book Kशकायत व सुझाव पुितका shikaayat va sukhaav pustika
•
Vibhajak (Disjoint) such as or -या (ya), and/or -वा (va), or -अथवा (athva), कंवा (kinwa),
क$ (ki), या-या (ya-ya), whether...or - चाहे -चाहे (chahe-chahe), either...or/what -'या-'या
(kya-kya), neither...nor -ना-ना (na-na), etc. It shows a prohibition of one and acceptance
or recognition of another clause or word.
English
Ram or Shyam
Hindi
Transliteration
Ram ya Shyam
राम या cयाम
Take a knife or a dagger.
चाकू या छुर8 ले लो।
chaku ya churee le lo
Whether you read today or
tomorrow...
चाहे आज पढ़ो चाहे कल
Chahe aaj padho chahe kal
padho
पढ़ो
Either it will rain or there will be a वषाM होगी अथवा आँधी
storm
आएगी।
Varsha hogi athava aandhi
ayegi
He neither hears nor speaks.
Vah na sunta hai na bolta hai
वह न सुनता है न बोलता
है ।
•
6वरोध दशMक (Virodh darshak): This conjuction denotes a contradiction or a conflict or
aversion between the two words or clauses or sentences. परhतु (parantu), कhतु (kintu),
वरना (varna), लेकन (lekin), etc are the Virodh darshak conjuctions.
English
I went to his house but he
did not meet.
He is a wise guy, but is
naughty.
Hindi
म उसके घर गया परhतु
वह नह8ं Kमला।
लड़का बु6qमान है , पर
नटखट है ।
Transliteration
Main uske ghar gaya parantu vah
nahin mila
Ladka budhimaan hai, par natkhat
hai
Not merely for two days, I न केवल दो Cदन वरना दो Na keval do din varna do saal tak
will remain for two years.
rahoonga
साल तक रहूँगा।
I like to study but he likes मुझे पढ़ना पसंद है , लेकन Mujhe padna pasand hai, lekin
to play.
vah khelna pasand karta hai
वह खेलना पसंद करता है ।
He is small, yet he is very वह छोटा है , तो भी बड़ा
strong.
बलवान है ।
Vah chota hai, to bhi bada balvaan
hai
Conjunction - part 2
October 24, 2009
20091024-Conjunctions-part2.mp3
conjunctions contd..........
•
पWरणाम दशMक (Parinaam darshak) (Shows Result) : Introducing what will result, if
certain conditions be fulfilled. इस वाते (is vaaste), इस कारण (is kaaran), Kलहाजा
(lihaaja), because-'यOक (kyomki), जो क$ (jo ki), so that - ताक (taaki), etc are the
Parinaam darshak conjuctions.
English
I worked hard hence I
became successful.
Hindi
Transliteration
म मेहनत कया इसKलए म Main mehnat kiya isliye main
safal hua
सफल हुआ।
Today is Sunday, so school
does not work.
आज र6ववार है इसKलए
कूल काम नह8ं करता।
I shall not go to school today आज म कूल नह8ं
because it a holiday.
जाऊँगा, 'यOक आज छुvी
Aaj ravivaar hai isliye school
kaam nahin karta
Aaj main school nahin jaaoonga,
kyonki aaj chutti hai
है ।
So that the best of the car are ताक कार का ~डज़ाइन हो Taaki car ka design ho best...
designed ...
बेट...
We have such procedures
हमारे पास ऐसी kzयाएं
which give access to your
personal information only to ह जो आपक$ jयि'तगत
such employees ...
जानकार8 क$ पहुंच ऐसे
कमMचाWरयO तक ...
I.
Hamare pass aisi prakriyam
haim jo aapki vyaktigat jaankari
ki pahunch aise karmchaariyon
tak...
jयlधकरण (vyadhikaran) Conjunctions helps in joining the dependent clause to the main
clause or sentence. The types of jयlधकरण (vyadhikaran) Conjunctions are:
•
कारण वाचक (Kaaran vaachak): Shows the reason of a sentence is implicit in another
sentence. because/since - 'यOक(kyonki), since-इसKलए(isliye), whereas/seeing-चँू क
(chunki), so that-ताक (taaki), such as-जैसे क$ (jaise ki).
English
I will not sleep because there
are mosquitoes here.
Hindi
म नह8 सोउँ गा 'यOक
यहाँ पर मछर है ।
Transliteration
Main nahni so unga kyonki
yehan par machhar hai
Main bimar tha isliye aspataal
gaya
I was sick, so I went to the
hospital.
बीमार था इसKलए
Child cries because he is
hungry.
बचा रोता है 'यOक वह Bachcha rota hai kyonki vah
bhookka hai
भूखा है ।
•
अपताल गया।
ऊ€ेcय वाचक (Uddeshya vaachak): the result or motive or cause of one clause is found in
another clause.
English
Walk fast so that we reach
station in time.
Teacher told that it is holiday
tomorrow.
Dyslexia is a mental disorder
whereby difficulty in reading
and writing is caused.
Hindi
Transliteration
तेज चलो ताक हम टे शन Tej chalo taki hum station
theek samay par pahunch
ठ[क समय पर पहुँच जाए। jaye
अयापक ने कहा क कल Adhyapak ne kaha ki kal
chutti hai
छुvी है ।
~डसले'सीया ऐसी मानKसक Dyslexia aisi manasik vikaar
hai jisse padhne likhne mein
6वकार है िजससे पढ़ने
katinayi hoti hai
Kलखने म कCठनाई होती
है ।
I advised/explained her so that
she is not rude again.
मैने उसे समझाया ताक वह Maine use samjhaya taaki
vah phir gustaakhi na kare
फर गुताख़ी न करे ।
Conjunctions - part 3
October 25, 2009
20091025-Conjunctions-part3.mp3
Conjunctions contd..........
•
संकेत वाचक (Sanket vaachak): is a conjuction where the hint or clue or a condition is
present in one clause or sentence and its result is denoted in the other clause or sentence.
यnय6प.... फर भी/तदा6प (Yadyapi.... phir bhi/tadaapi), चाहे पर (chahe par), अगर तो
(agar to), etc are Sanket vaachak conjuctions.
English
I would be happy if they came.
Hindi
Transliteration
अगर वे आते तो म खुश Agar ve aate to main khush
hota
होता।
Although/though/eventhough he
studied well he still failed.
यnय6प उसने अछ[
तरह पढ़ा फर भी वह हार
Yadyapi usne achchi tarah
padha phir bhi vah haar gaya
गया।
Although it rained yesterday, yet the
heat has not decreased.
यnय6प कल पानी बरसा Yadyapi kal paani barsa phir
फर भी गमo कम नह8ं
bhi garmi kam nahin huyi
हुई।
If you study well, you will pass the
exam.
Agar tum achchi tarah
padhoge to pareeksha mein
पढ़ोगे तो पर82ा म उतीणM uteern hoge
होगे।
अगर तुम अछ[ तरह
Although TTL is trying to keep the
यnय6प ट8ट8एल क$
website information correct, however,
कोKशश यह8 रहती है
it takes no responsibility for its
infallibility.
क वेबसाइट पर सह8
जानकार8 द8 जाए,
तथा6प यह इसक$
अचक
ू ता के Kलए कोई
िज5मेदार8 नह8ं लेता है ।
Yadyapi TTL ki koshish
yahi hai ki website par sahi
jaankari dee jaye, tathapi
yah iski achukta ke liye koyi
jimmaedaari nahin leta hai
•
वप वाचक (Swaroop vaachak): are conjunctions that denote the actual nature or
character of one clause in the second clause or sentence. मानो (maano), namely - यानी
(yaani), क$ (ki), meaning-अथाMत ् (arthath), etc.
English
I advised him that he should
not do such work.
Hindi
Transliteration
मैने उसे समझाया क$ तु5हे Maine use samjhaya ki tumhe
aisa kaam nahin karna chahiye
ऐसा काम नह8ं करना
चाCहए।
Jodha means Hindi and Akbar जोधा यानी Cहhद8, अकबर
means Urdu...
यानी उदM .ू ...
Jodha yaani Hindi, Akbar yaani
Urdu....
The plastic money- credit
zे~डट काडM यानी Hलािटक Credit card yaani plastic money
cards or Plastic money viz
मनी।
credit cards
Neelkanth means whose throat नीलकंठ, नीला है कंठ
Neelkanth,neela hai kanth jiska
is blue. That means Shiva.
arthath Shiva
िजसका अथाMत ् Kशव।
Believe it or not,....
मानो या न मानो,....
Maano ya na maano, ...
Number – वचन (Vachan) - part 1
October 26, 2009
20091026-Number-part1.mp3
Number – वचन (Vachan)
There are two Numbers in Hindi, Singular and Plural. A Noun denoting one person or thing is
said to be in the Singular Number- एकवचन (ekvachan). A Noun denoting more than one person
or thing is said to be in the Plural Number- बहुवचन (bahuvachan).
English
Boy
Singular
Hindi Transliteration
लड़का Ladka
English
Boys
Plural
Hindi
Transliteration
Ladke
लड़के
Book
प
ु तक Pustak
Books
प
ु तक
Pustakem
Road,
Passage
River
राता Rasta
Roads,
Passages
Rivers
राते
Raste
नCदयाँ
Nadiyam
Dog
कुXता Kutta
Dogs
कुXते
Kutte
Cat
]बFल8 Billi
Cats
]बिFलयाँ
Billiyam
Elephant
हाथी
Elephants
हाथी
Hathi
नद8
Nadi
Hathi
The Plural is, however, frequently used as a polite and respectful form with reference to a single
person also.
English
Prime Minister will speak.
Hindi
kधान मंmी बोलगे।
Transliteration
Pradhan manthri bolenge
Mahatma Gandhi came.
महाXमा गाँधी आए थे।
Mahatma Gandhi aaye the
The King has come.
राजा आए ह।
Raja aaye haim
Father went.
6पताजी चले गये।
Pitaji chale gaye
The Singular Number is inherent in the base-form of Noun, as in लड़का (ladka)- a boy, गाय
(gaay)- a cow, आदत (aadat)- a habit, घोड़ा (ghoda)- a horse, etc.
Many Hindi Nouns have the same base-form in the Plural Number as well as in एक घर (ek ghar)
- one house, दो घर (do ghar) - two houses; while others are slightly modified as in एक लड़का (ek
ladka) - one boy, दो लड़के (do ladke) - two boys; एक गाय (ek gaay) - one cow, दो गाएँ (do
gaaye) - two cows, and so on.
Some words are always used in plural. Such as आँसू (ansu) – tears, kाण (praan) –life, breath,
लोग (log) – people, ओंठ (onth) – lips, दशMन (darshan) – sight, view, and so on.
Some words are always used in the singular form such as fear- भय (bhay), compassion - कtणा
(karuna), sympathy - दया (daya), joy/bliss - आनंद (anand), etc.
Number – वचन (Vachan) - part 2
October 27, 2009
20091027-Number-part2.mp3
Number – वचन (Vachan)
There are two Numbers in Hindi, Singular and Plural. A Noun denoting one person or thing is
said to be in the Singular Number- एकवचन (ekvachan). A Noun denoting more than one person
or thing is said to be in the Plural Number- बहुवचन (bahuvachan).
Examples:
English
This girl is small.
Hindi
यह लड़क$ छोट8 है ।
Transliteration
Yeh ladki choti hai
These girls are small
ये लड़कयाँ छोट8 ह।
Ye ladkiyam choti haim
These fruits are sweet.
ये फल मीठे ह।
Ye phal meethe haim
That sweet fruit comes
from Mumbai.
वह मीठा फल मुंबई से आता Vah meetha phal mumbai se aata
hai
है ।
I have two pens.
मेरे पास दो कलम ह।
What are the names of your आपके लड़के का नाम 'या
sons?
है ?
Mere pass do kalamem haim
Aapke ladke ka naam kya hai?
What is written in these
इन कताबO म 'या Kलखा है ? In kitaabom mein kya likha hai?
books?
Where do you people live? आप लोग कहाँ रहते ह?
Aap log kaham rahate haim?
My uncles have come.
मेरे चाचा आए ह।
What is the price of these
cows?
These watches are not
good.
Cats catch rats.
इन गायO का दाम कतना है ? In gaayom ka daam kitana hai?
ये घ~ड़याँ अछ[ नह8ं है ।
Mere chacha aaye haim
Ye ghadiyam achchi nahin hai
]बिFलयाँ चूहे को पकड़ती ह। Billiyam chuhe ko pakadti haim
My sisters don’t eat bread. मेर8 बहन रोट8 नह8ं खातीं।
Meri bahenem roti nahin khatim
Ram has two horses.
राम के पास दो घोड़े ह।
Ram ke pass do ghode haim
Elephant’s eyes are small
हाथी क$ आँख छोट8 और
Hathi ki aankhem choti aur kaan
and ears are big.
कान बड़े होते ह।
bade hote haim
There are five rivers in
Punjab.
The roads in Madras are
very broad.
पंजाब म पाँच नCदयाँ ह।
Punjab mein paanch nadiyam haim
मYास क$ सड़क बहुत चौड़ी
ह।
Madras ki sadkem bahut choudi
haim
Women wear bangles in
their hands.
िmयाँ अपनी हाथO म चू~ड़याँ Sthriyam apni hathom mein
choodiyam pahanti haim
पहनती ह।
Number part 3
October 28, 2009
20091028-Number-part3.mp3
Rules for changing Singular Number - एकवचन (ekvachan) to Plural Number- बहुवचन
(bahuvachan) - - without Case:
1.
Masculine nouns ending in ‘आ’ make their plural form by changing ‘आ’ to ‘ए’
egs.
English
Son
Singular
Hindi Transliteration
Beta
बेटा
English
Sons
Plural
Hindi
Transliteration
Bete
बेटे
Leaf
पXता
Patta
Leaves
पXते
Patte
Horse
घोड़ा
Ghoda
Horses
घोडे
Ghode
Cloth
कपड़ा
Kapada
Clothes
कपड़े
Kapake
Boy
लड़का
Ladka
Boys
लड़के
Ladke
Exceptions:Some masculine nouns have the same form for plurals as in maternal uncle – मामा(mama),
maternal grandfather – नाना (nana), paternal grandfather – दादा (dada), paternal uncle – चाचा
(chacha), uncle – काका (kaka), father – 6पता (pita), warrior – योदा (yodha), a term of respect to
the aged – बाबा (baba), leader – नेता (neta), companion – सखा (sakha), etc.
2.
Feminine Nouns ending in इ form their plural by changing ‘इ’ to ‘याँ’.
Singular
Plural
English
Hindi
Transliteration English
Hindi Transliteration
Custom/method र8Zत
Reeti
Customs / methods र8Zतयाँ Reethiyam
Night
रा]m
Raatri
Nights
रा]mयाँ Raatriyam
Caste
जाZत
Jaati
Castes
जाZतयाँ Jaatiyam
Amount
राKश
Raasi
Amounts
राKशयाँ Raasiyam
Date
Zतlथ
Tithi
Dates
Zतlथयाँ Tithiyam
3.
Feminine Nouns ending in ई form their plural by changing ‘ई’ to ‘इ form’ and adding
‘याँ’.
English
Girl
Singular
Hindi Transliteration
लड़क$ Ladki
English
Girls
Plural
Hindi
Transliteration
लड़कयाँ Ladkiyam
Lady/woman
mी
Stree
Ladies/women
िmयाँ
Sthriyam
River
नद8
Nadi
Rivers
नCदयाँ
Nadiyam
Girl Friend
सखी
Sakhi
Girl Friends
सखयाँ
Sakhiyam
Story
कहानी Kahani
Stories
कहाZनयाँ Kahaniyam
4.
Nouns ending in ‘इया’ generally form their plural by the simple addition of anunasik –
चंY]बhद ु (◌ँ).
Singular
English Hindi Transliteration
Daughter ]बCटया Bitiya
English
Daughters
Plural
Hindi
Transliteration
]बCटयाँ Bitiyam
Bird
lच~ड़या Chidiya
Birds
lच~ड़याँ
Chidiyaam
Doll
गु~ड़या Gudiya
Dolls
गु~ड़याँ
Gudiyaam
5.
Feminine nouns ending in ‘अ’ forms plural by changing अ to ‘एं ‘ .
English
Night
Singular
Hindi Transliteration
Raat
रात
Matter/topic बात
Baat
Book
कताब Kitaab
Eye
आँख
6.
Aankh
English
Nights
Plural
Hindi Transliteration
Raatem
रात
Baatem
Matters/topics
बात
Books
कताब Kitaabem
Eyes
आँख
Aankhem
Feminine nouns ending in ‘आ’ forms plural by changing आ to ‘एँ ‘
English
Climber
Singular
Hindi Transliteration
Latha
लता
English
Climbers
Plural
Hindi Transliteration
लताएँ Lathayem
Mother
माता
Maata
Mothers
माताएँ Maatayem
Girl/Maiden कhया
Kanya
Girls/Maidens
कhयाएँ Kanyayem
Flow/trend धारा
Dhaara
Flows/trends
धाराएँ Dhaarayem
7.
Except for the masculine nouns that end in ‘आ’, all others remain the same in the plural
form.
English
Teacher
Hindi
Infant/child
बालक
Baalak
House
घर
Ghar
Animal
पशु
Pashu
Dot/Point
]बंद ु
Bindu
Holy person
मुZन
Muni
गुt
Transliteration
Guru
Number - part 4
October 29, 2009
20091029-Number-part4.mp3
Rules for changing Singular Number - एकवचन (ekvachan) to Plural Number- बहुवचन
(bahuvachan) - - without Case: contd.......
8.
Feminine nouns ending in ‘उ’ & ‘ऊ’ form plurals by changing ‘उ’ & ‘ऊ’ to ‘एँ ‘
English
Thing
Singular
Hindi Transliteration
वतु Vastu
Cow
गौ
Daughter in
law
Bride
9.
English
Things
Plural
Hindi Transliteration
वतुएँ Vastuyem
Gau
Cows
गौएँ
बहु
Bahu
वधू
Vadhu
Daughters in बहएँ
ु
law
Brides
वधुएँ
Gauyem
Bahuyem
Vadhuyem
Except for the Feminine nouns that end in ‘ई’, most of the other feminine nouns can be
changed to plural by adding ‘एँ
Singular
English Hindi Transliteration
Neck- माला Maala
Chain
Thing वतु Vastu
10.
English
Neck-Chains
Things
Plural
Hindi Transliteration
मालाएँ Maalayem
वतुएँ Vastuyem
For changing some nouns to their plural forms, collective words like गण–clan, लोगpeople/community, वhृ द-covey, जन-folks/tribe, and so on are added to the singular
nouns.
Englisप
Singular
Transliteration
Hindi
English
Plural
Hindi
Transliteration
Student/reader
पाठक
Students/readers
पाठकगण
Padhakgan
Teacher
अयापक Adhyaapak
Teachers
अयापकवंद
ृ
Adhyaapakvrind
Student/disciple 6वnयाथo Vidyaarthi
Students/disciples
6वnयाथoलोग
Vidyaarthilog
Sinner
पापी
Paapi
Sinners
पापीजन
Paapijan
Kin
बhधु
Bandhu
Kinsfolk
बhधु जन
Bandhujan
You
आप
Aap
You
Army/corp
सेना
Sena
Army/corps सेनादल
Padhak
आपलोग
Aaplog
Senadal
Rules for changing Singular Number – एकवचन to Plural Number- बहुवचन - with Case:
1.
All nouns ending in ‘अ’, ‘आ’, ‘उ’, ‘ऊ’, ‘ओ’ and ‘ए ’ could be changed to the plurals by
changing the ending sound to ‘ओं ’. Possibly a few words do not conform to this rule.
English
In the hand
Singular
Hindi Transliteration
हाथ haath mein
English
In the hands
Plural
Hindi
हाथO म
Transliteration
haathom mein
from the eyes
आँखO से
aankhom se
The dogs
कुXतO ने
kuttom ne
म
from the eye
आँख aankh se
से
The dog
कुXते kutte ne
ने
On the
लता
climber/creeper
पर
lata par
On the
climbers/creepers
लाताओं पर
lataom par
to the animal
pashu ko
to the animals
पशुओं को
pashuom ko
पशु
को
2.
All nouns ending in ‘इ’ & ‘ई’ could be changed to their plurals by changing the ‘इ’ & ‘ई’
to ‘यO ‘.
English
From saint
In the river
Singular
Hindi
मZु न से
नद8 म
Accusative case - 6वnयाथo
को
को
Plural
Transliteration English
muni se
From saints
Hindi
nadi mein
नCदयO म
nadiyom mein
6वnयाlथMयO
vidyaarthiyom
ko
मZु नयO से
In the rivers
vidyaarthi ko
को
The personal pronouns are as follows:
Plural
First Person
Singular
I
म (main) We
हम (ham)
Second Person
Intimate
You
तू (tu)
--
Second Person
Familiar
You
तुम
(tum)
You
तुम (tum)
Second Person
Respectful
You
आप
You
आप/ आपलोग
(aap)
Third Person Near
Third Person Far
(aap/aaplog)
He, She, It, यह (yah) They,These ये (ye)
This
He, She, It, वह (vah) They,
वे (ve)
That
Those
Transliteration
muniyom se
The possessive pronouns:
SINGULAR
English
Hindi
PLURAL
English
Hindi
My
मेरा (mera)
Our
हमारा (hamara)
Your
तेरा (tera)
Your
आपका (aapka)
Your
तु5हारा
(tumhara)
Their
उनका (unka)
His
उसका (uska)
Interrogative sentences
October 30, 2009
20091030-InterrogativeSentences.mp3
Interrogative Sentences – 'शन वाचक (Prashna vachak)
English
What is your name?
What do you want?
Where do you live?
Do you know Simon?
Hindi
तु5हारा नाम 'या है ?
Transliteration
Tumhara naam kya hai?
तुम 'या चाहते हो?
Tum kya chahate ho?
तुम कहाँ रहते हो?
Tum kahan rahate ho?
आप कहाँ रहते ह?
Aap kahan rahate haim?
'या तुम साइमन को
Kya tum Simon ko jaante ho?
जानते हो?
Why are you learning
Hindi?
आप 'यO Cहhद8 सीख रहे
Aap kyon Hindi seekh rahe hai?
है ?
When does the train depart रे लगाड़ी यहाँ से कब रवाना Relgaadi yahan se kab ravaana
from here?
hoti hai?
होती है ?
How many hours do you
sleep?
What type of a man is
Gopal Rao?
Who washes your cloth?
आप कतने घंटे सोते है ?
Aap kitane ghante sote hai?
गोपाल राव कैसा आदमी है ? Gopal Rao kaisa aadmi hai?
तु5हारे कपड़े कौन धोता है ? Tumhare kapade kaun dhota hai?
How much money do you तु5हारे पास कतने tपये है ? Tumhare pass kitane rupaye hai?
have?
What games do you know? तुमको 'या-'या खेल मालूम Tumko kya-kya khel maloom
hai?
है ?
In whose house do you live आजकल तुम कसके घर म Aajkal tum kiske ghar mein
nowadays?
rahate ho?
रहते हो?
Who speaks Urdu in her
house?
उसके घर म कौन-कौन उदM ू Uske ghar mein kaun-kaun Urdu
bolte haim?
बोलते ह?
When does it rain in Ooty? ऊट8 म पानी कब बरसता
Ooty mein paani kab barsata hai?
है ?
Where do these oranges
come from?
How is his health today?
ये संतरे कहाँ से आते है ?
Ye santare kaham se aate hai?
आज उसक$ तबीयत कैसी
Aaj uski tabiyat kaisi hai?
है ?
Who is the owner of your
house?
तु5हारे घर का मKलक कौन Tumhare ghar ka malik kaun hai?
है ?
When does the stars shine? तारे कब चमकती ह?
Taare kab chamakti haim?
Will he be here tomorrow? 'या वह कल यहाँ रहे गा?
Kya vah kal yahan rahega?
Do you like tea or coffee?
Tumko chay pasand hai ya kafi?
तुमको चाय पसंद है या
काफ़$?
Where is Taj Mahal?
ताज महल कहाँ है ?
Taj Mahal kahan hai?
How can I do this work
alone?
म अकेले यह काम कैसे
Main akele yah kaam kaise kar
sakta hoon?
कर सकता हूँ?
Describing people – लोग का वण$न (Logon ka varnan)
October 31, 2009
English
How tall is he?
Hindi
वह कतना लंबा है ?
Transliteration
Vah kitana lamba hai?
He is tall.
वह लंबा है ।
Vah lamba hai
He is very tall.
वह बहुत लंबा है ।
Vah bahut lamba hai
He is short.
वह छोटा है ।
Vah chota hai
He is quite short.
वह काफ़$ छोटा है ।
Vah kaafi chota hai
He is medium height.
वह मायम ऊंचाई का है ।
Vah madhyam oochayi ka hai
He is thin.
वह पतला है ।
Vah patala hai
Is she slim?
'या वह पतल8 है ?
Kya vah patali hai?
No, She is fat/plump.
नह8ं, वह मोट8 है ।
Nahin, vah moti hai
Does she have long hair?
उसके लंबे बॉल है 'या?
Uske lambe baal hai kya?
She has long, black hair.
उसके लंबे काले बाल है ।
Uske lambe kale baal hai
She has short hair.
उसके छोटे बाल है ।
Uske chote baal hai
She has short, straight,
brown hair.
उसके छोटे , सीधे, भूरे रं ग के
Uske chote, seedhe, bhure rang ke
baal hai
बाल है ।
What colour hair does she
have?
She has blonde hair.
उसके बालO के रं ग 'या है ?
Uske baalom ke rang kya hai?
उसके सुनहरे बाल है ।
Uske sunhare baal hai
He has no hair.
उसके बाल नह8ं है ।
Uske baal nahin hai
Does she wear glasses?
'या वह चcमा पहनती है ?
Kya vah chashma pahanti hai?
Yes, She wears glasses
हाँ, वह चcमा पहनती है।
Ham, vah chashma pahanti hai
She has very pale skin.
उसक$ Xवचा बहुत पील8 है ।
Uski tvacha bahut peeli hai
Mary is a very beautiful
woman.
मेर8 एक बहुत खब
ू सूरत
औरत है ।
Mary ek bahut khoobsoorat aurat
hai
Jack is a very handsome
man.
जैक एक बहुत सुंदर आदमी Jack ek bahut sundar aadmi hai
है ।
Dona is a pretty girl.
डोना एक संद
ु र लड़क$ है ।
Dona ek sundar ladki hai
Quasimodo is quite ugly.
क़ुआKसमोड़ो काफ़$ बदसरू त
Quasimodo kafi badsoorat hai
है ।
He has a very big nose.
उसके बहुत बड़े नाक है ।
Uske bahut bade naak hai
She has blue eyes.
उसक$ नील8 आँख है ।
Uski neeli aankhem hai