EXCEL HINTS #1
MAKE A BAR GRAPH
1. ENTER DATA IN COLUMN FORMAT
AND LABEL (CATEGORIES(X)
AND FREQUENCIES(Y))
2 HIGHLIGHT DATA (CATEGORIES
AND FREQUENCIES)
3. CLICK INSERT
4. CLICK CHART
5. UNDER STANDARD TYPES, SELECT
COLUMN. ALSO SELECT CHART SUBTYPE
6. CLICK NEXT. SELECT SERIES
7. REMOVE THE X SERIES
8. CLICK NEXT AND LABEL AS
REQUIRED
9. CLICK NEXT AND FINISH
EXCEL HINTS #2
MAKE A SIDE-BY-SIDE
FREQUENCY OR RELATIVE
FREQUENCY BAR GRAPH
1. ENTER DATA IN COLUMN FORMAT
AND LABEL (CATEGORIES(X)
AND FREQUENCIES OR REL
FREQUENCIES(Y))
2. HIGHLIGHT DATA (CATEGORIES
AND FREQUENCIES)
3. CLICK INSERT
4. CLICK CHART
5. UNDER STANDARD TYPES, SELECT
COLUMN. ALSO SELECT CHART SUBTYPE
6. CLICK NEXT.
7. CLICK NEXT AND LABEL AS
REQUIRED
9. CLICK NEXT AND FINISH
EXCEL HINTS #3
MAKE A PIE CHART
1. ENTER DATA IN COLUMN FORMAT
AND LABEL (CATEGORIES(X)
AND FREQUENCIES(Y))
2. HIGHLIGHT DATA (CATEGORIES
AND FREQUENCIES)
3. CLICK INSERT
4. CLICK CHART
5. UNDER STANDARD TYPES, SELECT
PIE. ALSO SELECT CHART SUB-TYPE
6. CLICK NEXT. SELECT SERIES
7. REMOVE THE X SERIES
8. CLICK NEXT AND LABEL AS
REQUIRED
9. CLICK NEXT AND FINISH
EXCEL HINTS #5
COMPUTE RELATIVE
FREQUENCY
1. ENTER DATA IN COLUMN FORMAT AND
LABEL (CATEGORIES(X) AND
FREQUENCIES(Y))
2. CLICK ON THE CELL RIGHT BELOW
THE FREQUENCY DATA.
3. CLICK ∑ ON THE TOOL BAR.IF THE
RANGE OF CELLS IN THE SUM FUNCTION
IS CORRECT, PRESS ENTER, OTHERWISE
MODIFY.IF ∑ IS NOT AN OPTION ON
THE TOOL BAR, CLICK INSERT, SELECT
FUNCTION, THEN THE SUM
FUNCTION.FILL IN THE CORRECT RANGE
OF CELLS. CLICK OK.
4. DIVIDE EACH OF THE DATA
FREQUENCIES BY THE SUM OF THE
FREQUENCIES OBTAINED IN 3. THE
RESULTS WILL BE THE RELATIVE
FREQUENCIES.
EXCEL HINTS #7
COMPUTE CUMULATIVE
FREQUENCY
1. ENTER DATA IN COLUMN FORMAT
AND LABEL (CATEGORIES(X) AND
FREQUENCIES(Y))
2. USE STANDARD EXCEL CALCULATION
PROCEDURES TO ADD THE FIRST
FREQUENCY TO THE SECOND
FREQUENCY AND ENTER THE SUM IN
A NEW COLUMN (LABELLED
CUMULATIVE FREQUENCIES)
ADJACENT TO THE SECOND
FREQUENCY. NOTE: THE FIRST
CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY IS THE
SAME AS THE FIRST FREQUENCY.
3. THEN ADD THE SUM OBTAINED IN 2
TO THE THIRD FREQUENCY AND
ENTER THIS SUM IN THE
CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY COLUMN
ADJACENT TO THE THIRD
FREQUENCY.4. REPEAT 3 FOR THE
REST OF THE FREQUENCIES USING
STANDARD EXCEL CALCULATION
PROCEDURES
EXCEL HINTS #8
COMPUTE STANDARD
DEVIATION
1. ENTER DATA IN COLUMN
FORMAT.
2. CLICK ON THE CELL RIGHT
BELOW THE DATA.
3. CLICK INSERT, SELECT
FUNCTION.SELECT STDEV. ENTER
THE CORRECT CELL RANGE THAT
THE DATA IS LOCATED.
4. CLICK OK.
COMPUTING THE STANDARD
DEVIATION WITHOUT USING THE
STDEV FUNCTION.
1. LABEL COLUMNS AS X, (XMEAN), (X-MEAN)2
2. ENTER DATA IN COLUMN X.
3. CALCULATE THE MEAN USING
EXCEL’S AVERAGE FUNCTION.
4. SUBTRACT THE MEAN FROM EACH
OF THE DATA AND ENTER IN THE
(X-MEAN) COLUMN USING
STANDARD EXCEL PROCEDURES.
5. SQUARE THE VALUES IN THE (XMEAN) COLUMNS AND ENTER
THESE IN THE (X-MEAN)2
COLUMN USING STANDARD EXCEL
PROCEDURES.
6. OBTAIN THE SUM OF THE VALUES
IN THE (X-MEAN)2 COLUMN AND
DIVIDE THIS SUM BY (N-1)
WHERE N IS THE NUMBER COUNT
OF THE DATA.
THE STANDARD DEVIATION IS THE
SQUARE ROOT OF THE RESULT OF 6.
EXCEL HINTS #10
MAKE A HISTOGRAM
1. FOLLOW THE PROCEDURE IN
HINT#1 (MAKE A BAR GRAPH).
2. SINCE A HISTOGRAM IS A
BARGRAPH WITHOUT SPACES
BETWEEN THE BARS, FOLLOW THE
PROCEDURE BELOW TO REMOVE
THE SPACES.
3. RIGHT CLICK ON ANY ONE BAR
IN THE BAR CHART. LEFTCLICK
ON FORMAT DATA SERIES.
4. SELECT THE OPTION TAB.
5. REDUCE THE GAP WIDTH TO 0.
6. CLICK OK.
EXCEL HINTS #12
COMPUTE A FIVE- NUMBER AND
A TWO- NUMBER SUMMARY
1. THE STANDARD EXCEL CANNOT
GIVE A 5 NUMBER SUMMARY.IT
CAN GIVE THE 2 NUMBER SUMMARY
(MEAN AND STANDARD
DEVIATION).
2. EXCEL WITH THE STATPRO ADD-IN
IS NEEDED FOR THE 5 NUMBER
SUMMARY.
3. THE FOLLOWING IS THE
PROCEDURE FOR GETTING A
SUMMARY OF DESCRIPTIVE
STATISTICS.
4. ENTER DATA IN COLUMN FORMAT.
5. CLICK TOOLS, SELECT DATA
ANALYSIS, SELECT DESCRIPTIVE
ANALYSIS.
6. UNDER INPUT RANGE ENTER THE
CORRECT CELL RANGE WHERE THE
DATA IS LOCATED. CHECK OFF
THE COLUMNS BUTTON AND THE
LABELS IN FIRST ROW CHECK
BOX.
7. SELECT THE CELL IN THE OUTPUT
RANGE WHERE THE OUTPUT IS TO
BE LOCATED. CHECK OFF SUMMARY
STATISTICS.
8. CLICK OK.
EXCEL HINTS #13
GENERATE RANDOM NUMBERS
1.
CLICK ON THE CELL YOU PLAN TO
ENTER THE FIRST RANDOM NUMBER
AND TYPE =RANDBETWEEN(X1,X2)
WHERE X1AND X2 ARE THE LOWER
AND UPPER VALUES OF THE RANGE
OF RANDOM NUMBERS YOU WISH TO
GENERATE AS IN FIG 1. IN THE
EXAMPLE,THE LOWER AND UPPER
VALUES ARE 1,50.
FIG 1
2.
THEN PRESS ENTER.
3.
HIGHLIGHT THIS CELL AND A
RANGE OF CELLS EQUAL TO THE
NUMBER OF RANDOM NUMBERS YOU
WISH TO GENERATE AS IN FIG
2.
HERE, WE ARE GENERATING 10
NUMBERS.
FIG 2
4.
CLICK EDIT, SELECT FILL, THEN
SELECT DOWN AND THE RANDOM
NUMBERS WILL BE GENERATED AS
IN FIG 3.
FIG 3
EXCEL HINTS #14
GRAPH A SCATTER PLOT
1. ENTER DATA IN COLUMN FORMAT
AND LABEL (PREDICTOR(X) AND
RESPONSE(Y))
2 HIGHLIGHT DATA (CATEGORIES
AND FREQUENCIES)
3. CLICK INSERT
4. CLICK CHART
5. UNDER STANDARD TYPES, SELECT
X-Y SCATTER. ALSO SELECT CHART
SUB-TYPE THAT DOES NOT CONNECT.
6. CLICK NEXT.
7. CLICK NEXT AND LABEL AS
REQUIRED
8. CLICK NEXT AND FINISH
EXCEL HINTS #15
ADDING A LINEAR
REGRESSION LINE TO A
SCATTER PLOT
1.
FOLLOW HINT#14 TO GENERATE
A SCATTER PLOT.
2.
CLICK ON ANY NUMBER ON THE
Y-AXIS. IT WILL NOT
HIGHLIGHT.CLICK CHART,
CLICK ADD TRENDLINE,
SELECT LINEAR.
3.
IN THE OPTION TAB, CHECK
AS NECESSARY:DISPLAY
EQUATION IF ONE NEEDS THE
REGRESSION EQUATION OR
DISPLAY R2 VALUE IF NEEDED.
4.
CLICK OK
EXCEL HINTS #16
CALCULATING THE
CORRELATION COEFFICIENT
METHOD 1
1. ENTER DATA IN COLUMN FORMAT
AND LABEL (PREDICTOR(X) AND
RESPONSE(Y))
2. CLICK ON THE EMPTY CELL THAT
YOU WISH TO LOCATE THE
CORRELATION COEFFICIENT
3. CLICK INSERT, SELECT
FUNCTION, AND THEN THE
CHOOSE THE CORREL FUNCTION
4. IN ARRAY 1 ENTER THE ARRAY
REPRESENTING THE X AND IN
ARRAY 2 THE ARRAY
REPRESENTING Y
5. CLICK OK
EXCEL HINTS #17
CALCULATING THE
PROBABILITY IN A BINOMIAL
DISTRIBUTION
1. SELECT ANY CELL THAT
YOU WISH TO ENTER THE
RESULTS OF THE
CALCULATION.
2. ENTER =BINOMDIST( AND
THE SCREEN SHOT AS
SHOWN IN FIG 1
APPEARS
FIG 1
3. FOR number_s, ENTER THE
NUMBER OF THE SPECIFIC
TRIAL THAT YOU ARE
CALCULATING THE
PROBABILITY FOR. FOR
trials, ENTER THE
NUMBER OF TRIALS. FOR
probability, ENTER THE
PROBABILITY OF SUCCESS.
FOR cumulative, ENTER
FALSE FOR SPECIFIC
PROBABILITY AND TRUE
FOR CUMULATIVE
PROBABILITY.
4. EXAMPLE OF SPECIFIC
PROBABILIY:SEE FIG 2
number_s=3, trials =10,
probability =0.21,
cumulative =FALSE
FIG 2
5. PRESS ENTER AND THE
RESULT 0.213417 WILL
APPEAR IN THE CELL
6. EXAMPLE OF CUMULATIVE
PROBABILITY:SEE FIG 3.
FOR EXAMPLE IF ONE
NEEDS THE PROBABILITY
FOR AT MOST 3
SUCCESSES. number_s=3,
trials =10, probability
=0.21, cumulative =TRUE
FIG 3
7. PRESS ENTER AND THE
RESULT 0.860858
WILL APPEAR IN THE
CELL.
EXCEL HINTS #18
CALCULATING THE
PROBABILITY FOR A NORMAL
DISTRIBUTION
1. SELECT ANY CELL THAT
YOU WISH TO ENTER THE
RESULTS OF THE
CALCULATION.
2. ENTER =NORMDIST( AND
THE SCREEN SHOT AS
SHOWN IN FIG 1
APPEARS
FIG 1
3. FOR x, ENTER THE VALUE
FOR WHICH YOU NEED THE
DISTRIBUTION. mean IS
THE AVERAGE AND
standard_deviation IS
THE STANDARD DEVIATION
OF THE DISTRIBUTION.
cumulative IS SET TO
TRUE.
4. PRESS ENTER. THE RESULT
WILL APPEAR IN THE CELL
REFERENCED IN 1.
5. THE NORMINV FUNCTION IS
THE INVERSE OF THE
NORMDIST FUNCTION.
GIVEN THE PROBABILITY
THAT AN EVENT OCCURS
FOR VALUES LESS THAN A
CERTAIN x AND ONE NEEDS
TO FIND THAT x, ONE
WOULD USE THE NORMINV
FUNCTION.
IMPORTANT NOTE: THE
NORMDIST AND
NORMINV
FUNCTIONS ARE NOT THE SAME
AS NORMSDIST AND
NORMSINV.(NOTE THE S).
NORMSDIST GIVES THE
PROBABILITY FOR A CERTAIN
VALUE OF z IN A STANDARD
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION (MEAN=0
AND STANDARD DEVIATION=1.
THE NORMSINV IS THE INVERSE
OF NORMSDIST.
EXCEL HINTS #19
CALCULATING THE
CONFIDENCE INTERVAL FOR A
POPULATION MEAN
1. SELECT ANY CELL THAT
YOU WISH TO ENTER THE
RESULTS OF THE
CALCULATION.
2. ENTER =CONFIDENCE(AND
THE SCREEN SHOT AS
SHOWN IN FIG 1
APPEARS
FIG 1
3. FOR alpha, ENTER THE
LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE.
NOTE:alpha IS
EQUIVALENT TO (1-C)
WHERE C IS THE LEVEL OF
CONFIDENCE.
standard_dev IS THE
POPULATION STANDARD
DEVIATION FOR THE DATA
RANGE AND size IS THE
SAMPLE SIZE. size MUST
BE >=30. IF size<30,
BUT THE POPULATION IS
NORMALLY DISTRIBUTED
AND THE POPULATION
STANDARD DEVIATION IS
KNOWN, THE FUNCTION
CONFIDENCE CAN STILL BE
USED. SEE EXCEL HINT
20.
4. PRESS ENTER AND THE
RESULT WILL APPEAR IN
THE CELL REFERENCED IN
1.
EXCEL HINTS #20
CALCULATING THE
CONFIDENCE INTERVAL FOR A
POPULATION MEAN USING A t DISTRIBUTION
1. THIS HINT IS TO BE USED
ONLY IF THE SAMPLE SIZE
IS <30 AND THE
POPULATION IS NORMALLY
DISTRIBUTED AND THE
POPULATION STANDARD
DEVIATION IS NOT KNOWN.
SEE EXCEL HINT 19.
2. THE FORMULA TO USE IS
WHERE E IS THE
ERROR OF ESTIMATE, IS
CALCULATED AS SHOWN IN
3, s IS THE SAMPLE
STANDARD DEVIATION AND
n IS THE SAMPLE SIZE.
3. CALCULATING . SELECT
ANY CELL THAT YOU WISH
TO ENTER THE RESULTS OF
THE CALCULATION.
4. ENTER =TINV( AND THE
SCREEN SHOT AS SHOWN IN
FIG 1 WILL
APPEAR
FIG 1
5. FOR probability, ENTER
(1-C)WHERE C IS THE
CONFIDENCE LEVEL.
EXAMPLE: IF A 95%
CONFIDENCE LEVEL IS
SPECIFIED, (1-C) = (1.95)=0.05. deg_freedom
IS (n-1). PRESS ENTER
AND THE RESULT THAT
APPEARS IN THE
REFERENCED CELL IS
.
6. KNOWING
,THE FORMULA
CAN BE
EVALUATED. THE
CONFIDENCE INTERVAL IS
THEN (MEAN- E) TO
(MEAN+ E).