Boynton Health Service
2012
College Student Health Survey Report
Boynton Health Service
Health and Health-Related Behaviors
Minnesota Postsecondary Student Veterans
2012
College Student Health Survey Report
Health and Health-Related Behaviors
Minnesota Postsecondary Student Veterans
Introduction
iii
Survey v
Methodologyv
Analysis Summary
vi
Results
1
Health Insurance and Health Care Utilization
1
Mental Health
7
Tobacco Use
15
Alcohol Use and Other Drug Use
21
Personal Safety and Financial Health
29
Nutrition and Physical Activity
37
Sexual Health
43
Implications
47
Appendices 49
Appendix 1
Colleges and Universities Participating in the 2012 College Student Health Survey
49
Appendix 2
2012 College Student Health Survey Demographics Based on Student Response
50
Glossary
51
References
53
ii
Health and Health-Related Behaviors Minnesota Postsecondary Student Veterans
Introduction
Q: What do the following health
conditions and health-related
behaviors have in common?
• Health Insurance and Health Care Utilization
• Mental Health
• Tobacco Use
• Alcohol and Other Drug Use
• Personal Safety and Financial Health
• Nutrition and Physical Activity
• Sexual Health
A: They all affect the health and
academic achievement of
students, including military
veterans returning to college.
Introduction
iii
In August 2009, when the Post-9/11 Veterans Educational Assistance Act of 2008 took effect, more than 2 million
veterans gained access to affordable college education benefits.1 The bill’s passage and subsequent influx of
military veterans on college campuses present both a challenge and an opportunity for educational institutions to
serve veterans in their transition from service member to student.
For educational institutions to meet the needs of student veterans, issues unique to student veterans must be
identified. In spring 2012, Boynton Health Service, in partnership with Minnesota State Colleges and Universities,
conducted a comprehensive survey of a randomly selected group of students attending 11 colleges and
universities in Minnesota. To gather information specific to veterans attending college, all veterans enrolled at and
identified by the 11 postsecondary institutions in Minnesota were also invited to complete the survey.
The data from one school were excluded from the comprehensive data set because of a low response rate
and concerns about the representativeness of the data. This report presents the health and health-related
behavior data collected from veterans attending the 10 colleges and universities in Minnesota included in the
comprehensive data set that were invited to participate in the 2012 College Student Health Survey. Boynton
Health Service and Minnesota State Colleges and Universities administrators hope the information in this report
will help college and university leaders develop programs and policies that address the unique needs of student
veterans enrolled in their schools.
This report presents data collected from veterans, not Boynton Health Service’s interpretation of the data. In
many instances, comparison data based on the aggregate student population that also completed the 2012
College Student Health Survey is included. The general student data are included solely for comparison; the
student data have been adjusted to account for the gender and age differences between the veterans and the
student population. For unadjusted prevalence rates for the aggregate student population, please refer to the
2012 College Student Health Survey Report: Health and Health-related Behaviors, Minnesota Postsecondary
Students.2
The information in this report highlights the health and health-related behaviors of veterans currently enrolled
in a Minnesota college or university. Data presented in this report should not be extrapolated to veterans not
currently enrolled in a postsecondary institution. Veterans enrolled in a college or university may be at very
different points in their transition back to civilian life and therefore may have health and health-behavior rates
that are not comparable to veterans not currently enrolled in a postsecondary institution. Additional data analysis
to examine whether veteran health profiles differ from those of the general student population is ongoing.
iv
Health and Health-Related Behaviors Minnesota Postsecondary Student Veterans
Survey
Methodology
Undergraduate and graduate students enrolled in 11 postsecondary institutions in Minnesota completed the 2012 College Student
Health Survey, developed by Boynton Health Service. As an incentive, all students who responded to the survey were entered into
a drawing for gift certificates valued at $1,000 (two) and $500 (one) at a variety of stores. In addition, all students who responded to
the survey were entered into eight separate drawings for an iPod Touch™ and one drawing for a $100 Amazon gift card that included
just students from their school.
2012 College Student Health Survey
Methodology Highlights
Randomly selected students were contacted through multiple
mailings and e-mails:
• Invitation postcard
• 19,992 students from 10 Minnesota
colleges and universities were selected to participate in this survey.
• Invitation e-mail
• Reminder postcard and multiple reminder e-mails
The data from one school was excluded from the comprehensive
• 6,170 completed the survey.
data set because of a low response rate and concerns about the
• 30.9% of the students responded.
representativeness of the data. A total of 19,992 undergraduate and
graduate students from the 10 colleges and universities in Minnesota
included in the comprehensive data set were invited to participate in
the 2012 College Student Health Survey (see Appendix 1 for a list of
Veterans Methodology Highlights
participating schools).
In addition to the 19,992 randomly selected students, an oversample of
• 1,234 veterans attending 10 Minnesota colleges and universities were identified to participate in this survey.
1,234 students who attended one of these 10 Minnesota schools and
were identified as veterans of the United States Armed Forces were also
invited to participate in the survey. The survey results for the oversample
• 324 completed the survey.
of veterans will be treated as a separate report.
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student from each participating school will win a
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Boynton Health Service
University of Minnesota
410 Church Street S.E.
Minneapolis, MN 55455
$
NONPROFIT ORG.
U.S. POSTAGE
PAID
TWIN CITIES, MN
PERMIT NO. 90155
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survey
.umn.edu/health
y, go to www.bhs
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to begin the surve
see on the right
To learn more or
and password you
password.
ame
your
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ge
the
chan
r
to
and ente
be asked
entering, you will
.
this card. Upon
, March 28, 2012
completed by noon
Survey must be
Questions?
Katherine Lust, Ph.D., Survey Administrator
Boynton Health Service
klust@bhs.umn.edu, (612) 624-6214
Login or Technical Concerns?
healthsurvey@bhs.umn.edu
2012 College Student Health Survey
*Grand prize winners will be notified by April 2, 2012.
UP-2000-01/12
2012 College Student Health Survey Postcard
Survey
v
Survey
Analysis Summary
The information presented in this report documents the prevalence of various diseases, health
conditions, and health-related behaviors across seven areas:
• Health Insurance and Health Care Utilization
• Mental Health
• Tobacco Use
• Alcohol and Other Drug Use
• Personal Safety and Financial Health
• Nutrition and Physical Activity
• Sexual Health
The prevalence of a disease, health condition, or health-related behavior is defined as the total number
of occurrences in a population (in this case, college students and veterans attending college) at a given
time, or the total number of occurrences in the population divided by the number of individuals in that
population.
Prevalence is useful because it is a measure of the commonality of a disease, health condition, or
health-related behavior. For example, the College Student Health Survey asked students if they had ever
been diagnosed with depression within their lifetime. For the purpose of illustration, if 100 students
completed the survey and 10 of them reported they had been diagnosed with depression within
their lifetime, then the lifetime prevalence of depression among this population of students is 10.0%
(10/100).
This report presents the actual rates reported among the veterans who participated in the survey.
Comparison data collected from the general student population have been adjusted to correct for the
differences in age and gender between veterans and the student population. The veteran survey sample
comprises approximately 29.9% females and 70.1% males, with an average age of 33.4 years. The
aggregate student survey sample comprises approximately 73.8% females and 25.8% males, with an
average age of 27.1 years. This adjustment creates a more accurate comparison group for viewing the
veteran data.
Unadjusted prevalence rates for the student population can be found in the 2012 College Student
Health Survey Report: Health and Health-related Behaviors, Minnesota Postsecondary Students.2
vi
Health and Health-Related Behaviors Minnesota Postsecondary Student Veterans
Results
Health Insurance
and Health Care Utilization
This section examines the areas of health insurance, health services utilization, and preventive care.
Recent research indicates that most young adults in the United States, ages 18 to 24, report good
health. The majority of young adults in Minnesota (89.0%) and nationwide (84.4%) report excellent,
Results
very good, or good health.3 At the same time, young adults have relatively low rates of health insurance
and preventive care utilization. In Minnesota, 83.1% of 18- to 24-year-olds report some kind of health
care insurance, and nationwide the number is 73.7%.3,4 More young males (28.8%) than young females
Health Insurance and Health Care Utilization
(23.8%) lack health insurance coverage.4 Among all age groups, young adults (73.8%) are least likely to
identify a usual place for medical care.4
Information related to health care access among veterans is severely limited. A study published in
2007 documented that in 2004, 1,768,377 United States veterans had no health insurance and were
not being cared for within the Veterans Administration.5 According to this study, 12.7% of working-age
veterans lack health coverage.5 Among these uninsured veterans, 51.4% had no regular source of care
(compared to 8.9% of insured veterans), and 26.5% reported failing to get needed care because of the
cost (compared to 4.3% of insured veterans).5
1
Veterans who completed the 2012 College Student
Health Survey report an overall uninsured rate of
Health Insurance Status—Uninsured
Veterans
All Students
by Gender
Healthand
Insurance
Status—Uninsured
Health
Status—Uninsured
Veterans Insurance
and All Students
by Gender
Veterans and All Students by Gender
19.1%, which is a statistically significantly higher
adjusted aggregate data from all students who
completed the survey (14.0%) (p<0.05).
Percent
Percent
Percent
rate than the uninsured rate obtained from the
Veterans who obtain health care through the
Veterans Administration system may not consider
themselves as having health insurance.
25
25
25
20
20
20
15
15
15
10
10
10
5
5
5
0
0
0
19.1
19.1
19.1
21.0
21.0
21.0
16.1
16.1
16.1
14.0
14.0
14.0
All*
All*
All* Veterans
Veterans
*StatisticallyVeterans
significant.
14.6
14.6
14.6
9.0
9.0
9.0
Males
Females
Males
Females
Males
Females
All Students—Adjusted Data
All Students—Adjusted Data
All Students—Adjusted Data
18–19
18–19
18–19
20–24
20–24
20–24
Veterans
Veterans
Veterans
More than three in five (61.1%) veterans report
having a spouse, and 14.6% of these veterans
report that their spouse is uninsured. The adjusted
aggregate data indicate that more than one-half
uninsured.
More than two in five (43.5%) veterans who
completed the survey report having dependent
children. Of these dependent children, 12.1%
lack health insurance. In comparison, the adjusted
9.5
9.59.5
10.3
10.3
10.3
16.0
16.0
16.0
Marital Status and Health Care Coverage
Marital Status and Health Care Coverage
Marital Status and Health Care Coverage
38.9%
38.9%
38.9%
61.1%
61.1%
61.1%
14.6% of
spouses
are uninsured
14.6%
of
14.6%
of
spouses are uninsured
spouses are uninsured
Have Spouse
Have Spouse
No Spouse
Have Spouse
Have No Spouse
Have No Spouse
Dependent Children and Health Care Coverage
Dependent Children and Health Care Coverage
Dependent Children and Health Care Coverage
report having dependent children, and 8.3% of
2
19.5
19.5
19.5
Veterans
aggregate data show that 40.0% of all students
these dependent children lack health insurance.
25–29
30–39
40+
25–29
30–39
40+
Age
Group
25–29
30–39
40+
Age Group
Age
AllGroup
Students—Adjusted Data
All Students—Adjusted Data
All Students—Adjusted Data
Spouse and Dependent Health Care Coverage
Veterans
Spouse and Dependent Health Care Coverage
Spouse
Veterans and Dependent Health Care Coverage
(53.9%) of all students report having a spouse, and
12.4% of these students report that their spouse is
24.1
24.1
24.1
Percent
Percent
Percent
also occurs among those ages 25–29.
28.8
28.8
28.8
completed the 2012 College Student Health Survey
30
30
30
25
25
25
20
20
20
15
15
15
10
10
10
5
5
5
0
0
0
8.4
8.48.4
the adjusted aggregate data from all students who
30.9
30.9
30.9
Veterans and All Students by Age Group
16.1
16.1
16.1
Health Insurance and Health Care Utilization
rate. The highest uninsured rate obtained from
Health Insurance Status—Uninsured
Veterans
All Students
by Age Group
Healthand
Insurance
Status—Uninsured
Health
Status—Uninsured
Veterans Insurance
and All Students
by Age Group
4.0
4.04.0
Veterans ages 25–29 report the highest uninsured
20.0
20.0
20.0
Results
*Statistically significant.
*Statistically significant.
56.5%
56.5%
56.5%
Health and Health-Related Behaviors Minnesota Postsecondary Student Veterans
43.5%
43.5%
43.5%
12.1% of
dependent
12.1%children
of
12.1%
of
are uninsured
dependent
children
dependent
children
are uninsured
are uninsured
Have Children
Have Children
Have Children
No Children
Have No Children
Have No Children
Health Insurance and Number of Sick Days—
Past 30 Days
3.4
5.2
<0.05
2.9
3.6
<0.0
Poor
Mental Health
4.6
7.2
<0.01
4.3
5.8
<0.0
Poor Physical
and/or
Mental Health
Number of Affected
sick days is a measure of health-related
Daily Activities
2.5
2.9
4.5
<0.05
2.9
<0.0
quality of life. Sick days reflect a personal sense
Veterans and All Students
Veterans
All Students—Adjusted
Data
of poor or impaired physical
or mental health
or
4
Average Number of Sick Days
Physical Health
the inability to react to factors in the physical and
3.5
3
social environments.6
3.4
2.9
Among veterans who completed the survey,
2.5
2
those with health insurance report on average
0.6 more sick days in the past 30 days than those
1
without health insurance. In contrast, the adjusted
0
Veterans
All Students—Adjusted Data
Insured
Uninsured
aggregate survey data obtained from all students
show that those without health insurance report
on average 0.9 more sick days in the past 30 days
Results
compared to those with health insurance.
Among veterans
who completed
College
Lifetime
and Pastthe
12 2012
Months
Veterans (Includes Only Those Veterans Who Report
Obtaining a Service in the Past 12 Months)
Veterans
andthe
All primary
Students locations for
Student Health
Survey,
obtaining many health care services appear to be a
Who Report Being Diagnos
hospital, community clinic, and privatePercent
practice.
Question asked:
Where do you obtain the following health care services
while in school?
Health Care Service
(Percent of Veterans
Who Obtained Service)
(87.0)
Dental Care
(83.6)
Mental Health Service
(36.7)
Testing for Sexually
Transmitted Infections
(41.4)
Treatment for Sexually
Transmitted Infections
(26.5)
Testing for HIV
(46.0)
Emergency Care
(86.1)
Within
Lifetime
Acute Condition
Percent Who Report Obtaining Service
Routine Doctor’s Visit
Health Insurance and Health Care Utilization
Acute Condition Diagnosis—
Health Care Service by Location
3.2
0.0
22.3 40.8
8.9
27.3
3.3
0.4
5.9 28.8
5.5
56.8
2.5
1.7
25.2 29.4
4.2
37.0
3.7
0.0
23.9 44.0
4.5
21.6
5.8
0.0
20.9 38.4
5.8
26.7
2.7
0.0
22.1 39.6
6.7
27.5
1.1
0.0
84.2 10.4
3.9
6.1
School Health Service
Hospital
HMO
Student Counseling
Service
Community
Clinic
Private
Practice
Within Past
p-value 12 Months p-v
Examination of the adjusted aggregate data shows
Chlamydia
5.2 4.5
ns
that the primary
locations
for
all
students
to
obtain
Gonorrhea
1.5 0.9
ns
many healthHepatitis
care services
are a community
clinic ns
A
0.3 0.2
Lyme Disease
and private practice.
Mononucleosis
Pubic Lice
Strep Throat
Syphilis
Urinary Tract Infection
1.5 1.8
ns
7.7 8.7
ns
2.8 3.1
ns
ns
39.5 43.6
1.2 0.2 <0.01
17.6 16.7
ns
At Least One of the
Above Acute Conditions 50.9
Veterans
ns
53.3
ns
1.6
0.3
0.3
0.3
1.0
0.3
4.5
0.3
6.1
0.5
0.2
0.1
0.3
0.9
0.2
5.5
0.1
4.1
9.3
9.5
<0
All Students—Adjusted Data
Not statistically significant.
Chronic Condition Diagnosis—
Lifetime and Past 12 Months
Veterans and All Students
Percent Who Report Being Diagnos
Vaccination Status
Acute Condition
Veterans and All Students
Alcohol Problems
Allergies
80
73.8
20
0
65.3
Diabetes Type I
Diabetes Type II
44.9
38.0
60.7
68.8
Cancer
49.1
40
50.6
Percent
60
Asthma
Drug Problems
(Other Than Alcohol)
Genital Herpes
Genital Warts/
Human Papilloma Virus
Hepatitis A*
Hepatitis B*
Meningitis*
Influenza—
Hepatitis B
Within
Lifetime
10.2 7.6
38.0 39.5
12.0 14.9
2.2 2.8
0.0 0.9
1.9 2.4
Within Past
p-value 12 Months pns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
3.8 1.4
11.4 10.6
2.9 2.8
1.6 1.0
0.6 0.4
1.0 1.0
5.2
2.5
4.6
ns
1.2
ns
Results
1.3
1.0
0.5
0.5
5.9
0.0
4.7
0.6
1.6
0.3
0.8
0.2
ns
ns
3
<
40+
Veterans and All Students
All Students—Adjusted Data
0
Have Spouse
14.6% of
Results
44.9
65.3
44.9
65.3
38.0
Meningitis*
Influenza—
Past 12 Months*
All Students—Adjusted Data
*Statistically significant.
Hepatitis A*
Hepatitis B*
Veterans
61.1%
49.1
60.7
Hepatitis B*
Veterans
spousesHave
are uninsured
No Spouse
38.9%
60.7
20
spouses are uninsured
38.9%
Marital Status and Health Care Coverage
61.1%
Meningitis*
Influenza—
Past 12 Months*
All Students—Adjusted Data
*Statistically significant.
Dependent Children and Health Care Coverage
Have Spouse
Health Insurance and Health Care Utilization
Have
No Spouse
12.1%
of
dependent children
are uninsured
Dependent Children
Health
Coverage
43.5%and to
Compared
maleCare
veterans
who completed
56.5%
the 2012 College Student Health Survey, female
Have of
Children
12.1%
ofpoor physical health,
veterans report more days
Average Number of Days Affected by Illness
Veterans and All Students by Gender
dependent children
Have No Children
are uninsured
more days of poor mental
health, and more days
43.5%
when poor physical and/or mental health affected
56.5%
daily activities. Similarly,
Haveaccording
Children to the adjusted
aggregate data from all
students,
females also
Have
No Children
report more days of poor physical health, more
days of poor mental health, and more days when
ealth Insurancepoor
andphysical
Number
of Sick
Days—
and/or
mental
health affected daily
ast 30 Days
terans and All Students
activities compared to males.
4
alth Insurance and Number of Sick Days—
st 30 Days
3.5
3.4
3 and All Students
rans
Average Number of Days Affected—Past 30 Days
Average Number of Days Affected by Illness
Veterans
by Genderp-value Males Females p-value
Illness and All Students
Males Females
Poor
Physical Health 3.4
5.2
<0.05
2.9
3.6
<0.001
Poor
Mental Health
2.5 the 2012 College Student
Veterans who completed
alth Care Service by Location
erans (Includes OnlyHealth
Those Veterans
Who Report
Survey were
asked to report if they have been
3.5 in the Past 12 Months)
a Service
3.4
3aining
1
Average
Number
of
Days Affected—Past
<0.01
7.2
4.6
5.8 30 Days
4.3
<0.001
Illness
Poor Physical Males Females p-value Males Females
and/or
Poor
Mental Health
Physical
5.2
<0.05
2.9
3.6
AffectedHealth 3.4
Daily Activities
2.5
2.9
2.9
4.5
<0.05
Poor
<0.01
7.2
4.6
5.8
Mental Health
4.3
Veterans
All Students—Adjusted Data
Poor Physical
and/or
Mental Health
Affected
Daily Activities
2.5
2.9
2.9
4.5
<0.05
2.9
42
Veterans
3.3the past
0.4 12 5.9
28.8
within
months.
.6)
ntal Health Service
.7)
5.5
56.8
2.5 1.7 25.2 29.4 4.2 37.0
The adjusted aggregate survey data obtained from
ting for Sexually
nsmitted Infections all students show that 53.3% report they have been
.4)
3.7 0.0 23.9 44.0 4.5 21.6
atment for Sexually diagnosed with at least one acute condition within
nsmitted Infections
.5)
ting for HIV
.0)
ergency Care
4
their5.8
lifetime,
9.5%38.4
report5.8
being26.7
diagnosed with
0.0and20.9
at least one acute condition within the past 12 months.
2.7 0.0 22.1 39.6 6.7 27.5
Hospital
HMO
Student Counseling
Service
Community
Clinic
Private
Practice
<0.001
<0.05
<0.001
<0.05
All Students—Adjusted Data
Veterans and All Students
Percent Who Report Being Diagnosed
Acute Condition
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
Hepatitis A
Lyme Disease
Mononucleosis
Pubic Lice
Strep Throat
Syphilis
Urinary Tract Infection
Within
Lifetime
5.2 4.5
ns
1.5 0.9
ns
0.3 0.2
ns
1.5 1.8
ns
7.7 8.7
ns
2.8 3.1
ns
ns
39.5 43.6
1.2 0.2 <0.01
17.6 16.7
ns
At Least One of the
Above Acute Conditions 50.9
Veterans
ns
Within Past
p-value 12 Months p-value
53.3
ns
1.6
0.3
0.3
0.3
1.0
0.3
4.5
0.3
6.1
0.5
0.2
0.1
0.3
0.9
0.2
5.5
0.1
4.1
9.3
9.5
All Students—Adjusted Data
Not statistically significant.
1.1 0.0 84.2 10.4 3.9
6.1
Health and Health-Related Behaviors Minnesota Postsecondary Student Veterans
School Health Service
p-value
Acute Condition Diagnosis—
Lifetime and Past 12 Months
diagnosed with selected infectious acute illnesses
2.9
within the past 12 months
2.5 and within their lifetime.
20
estion
asked:
ere do you obtain
the following health care
services
Veterans
All Students—Adjusted
Data
le in school?
The
acute
condition
diagnosed
most
frequently within
1
Insured
Uninsured
lth Care Service veterans’ lifetimes is strep throat. Overall, 50.9% of
cent of Veterans
report
diagnosed
at least one
Percent
Whobeing
Report
Obtaining with
Service
0o Obtained Service)veterans
Veterans
All Students—Adjusted Data
tine Doctor’s Visit acute condition within their lifetime, and 9.3% report
.0)
3.2 0.0 22.3
40.8 8.9 27.3
Uninsured
beingInsured
diagnosed with
at least one acute condition
ntal Care
.1)
Hepatitis A*
38.0
14.6% of
400
49.1
ouse and Dependent Health Care Coverage
rans
6020
Percent
at higher
Marital Status
and rates
Health(p<0.001).
Care Coverage
8040
73.8
for hepatitis A, hepatitis B, meningitis, and influenza
50.6
pouse and Dependent
Health
Carereport
Coverage
completed
the survey
obtaining vaccinations
Veterans
60 and All Students
50.6
Veterans
All Students—Adjusted
Data veterans who
2012 College
Student Health Survey,
Vaccination Status
68.8
Age Group
that, compared to all students who completed the
73.8
80
20–24
30–39
Analysis of25–29
the adjusted
aggregate40+
data shows
terans
Vaccination Status
68.8
18–19
30–39
Percent
Veterans
0
25–29
Age Group
9.5
5
8.4
4.0
20–24
10.3
18–19
0
Chronic Condition Diagnosis—
<0.05
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
Chronic Condition Diagnosis—
Lifetime and Past 12 Months
Chronic conditions are ongoing health concerns
for veterans and all students. Surveillance of these
Veterans and All Students
conditions provides a picture of longer term health
Percent Who Report Being Diagnosed
Acute Condition
Alcohol Problems
Allergies
Asthma
Cancer
Diabetes Type I
Diabetes Type II
Drug Problems
(Other Than Alcohol)
Genital Herpes
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
High Cholesterol
HIV/AIDS
Obesity
Repetitive Stress Injury
Tuberculosis
5.2
2.5
4.6
1.2
Veterans
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
3.8 1.4
11.4 10.6
2.9 2.8
1.6 1.0
0.6 0.4
1.0 1.0
1.3
1.0
0.5
0.5
5.9 4.7
1.6
ns
0.0 0.6
0.3
ns
0.9 0.6
0.3
ns
14.2 13.4
8.4
ns
ns
17.3 14.5
10.6
0.3 0.4
0.3
ns
ns
11.4 11.4
6.4
7.1 4.6 <0.05 1.6
0.6 0.8
1.0
ns
0.8
0.2
0.1
6.7
7.5
0.1
5.5
1.3
0.4
At Least One of the
Above Chronic Conditions 66.3 63.9
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
29.7 25.5
<0.01
ns
ns
ns
The most common chronic condition diagnosed
in veterans who completed the 2012 College
Student Health Survey is allergies. Among veterans,
approximately two-thirds (66.3%) report being
ns
diagnosed with at least one chronic condition
ns
within their lifetime, and nearly one-third (29.7%)
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
report being diagnosed with at least one chronic
condition within the past 12 months.
The adjusted aggregate survey data obtained
from all students show that 63.9% report being
diagnosed with at least one chronic condition
<0.05
within their lifetime, and 25.5% report being
ns
diagnosed with at least one chronic condition
ns
within the past 12 months.
Health Insurance and Health Care Utilization
High Blood Pressure
10.2 7.6
38.0 39.5
12.0 14.9
2.2 2.8
0.0 0.9
1.9 2.4
Within Past
p-value 12 Months p-value
Results
Genital Warts/
Human Papilloma Virus
Within
Lifetime
care needs for college students.
ns
ns
ns
All Students—Adjusted Data
Not statistically significant.
Results
5
Results
Health Insurance and Health Care Utilization
6
Health and Health-Related Behaviors Minnesota Postsecondary Student Veterans
Results
Mental Health
This section examines areas related to the mental and emotional status of college and university
students. Recent research shows that young adults in the United States have relatively high rates of
mental health problems compared to other age groups. Among all age groups, 18- to 25-year-olds
have the highest past-year prevalence of any mental illness, i.e., a diagnosable mental, behavioral, or
emotional disorder of sufficient duration to meet diagnostic criteria specified within the Diagnostic
and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders-IV, (29.9%); and serious mental illness, i.e., mental illness that
results in functional impairment, (7.7%), major depressive episode (8.2%), and having serious thoughts
of suicide (6.6%).7 More than one in 10 (10.9%) young adults between the ages of 18 and 25 have
received treatment for a mental health problem in the previous year.7
Results
As a group, veterans may face an even greater challenge in making the adjustments necessary to
succeed in college. For some veterans, there may be some lingering psychological issues related to their
Mental Health
military service, which affect their mental well-being. A recent Department of Defense Task Force report
documented that among U.S. troops returning from Iraq and Afghanistan, nearly two-fifths of soldiers,
one-third of Marines, and one-half of National Guard members report symptoms of psychological
problems.8 Some veterans choose to struggle with their mental health issues in isolation due to concern
over the stigma associated with disclosing mental health symptoms and asking for help within the
military culture.9 Offering resources to all students struggling with mental health problems is important,
whether or not these students are veterans. However, the unique life experiences of veterans require
colleges to think critically about the types of programs and services they offer and whether they meet
the particular needs of veterans.
A report published in 2006 presents the results of a population-based analysis of 303,905 Army and
Marine troops who completed a Post-Deployment Health Assessment between May 2003 and April
2004.10 The report documents that 19.1% of Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) veterans and 11.3%
of Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) veterans reported some mental health issue (e.g., anxiety,
depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder) and 9.8% of OIF veterans and 4.7% of OEF veterans
reported symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder.10 In addition, the mental health symptoms that
many soldiers experience often increase three or four months after their return.11
7
For veterans who completed the 2012 College
Student Health Survey, depression, post-traumatic
Mental Health Condition Diagnosis—
Lifetime
Veterans
All Students
by Gender
Mentaland
Health
Condition
Diagnosis—
Lifetime
Veterans and All Students by Gender
stress disorder, and anxiety are the most frequently
reported mental health diagnoses within their
lifetime. The adjusted aggregate data show that
compared to all students who completed the
survey, male and female veterans report being
diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder
within their lifetime at higher rates than all male
Results
and female students who completed the survey.
Percent Who Report Being Diagnosed
Mental Health Condition
Males Who
p-value
p-value
Percent
ReportFemales
Being Diagnosed
Anorexia
Mental Health Condition
Anxiety
Anorexia
Attention Deficit Disorder
Anxiety
Bipolar Disorder
Attention Deficit Disorder
Bulimia
Bipolar Disorder
Depression
Bulimia
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Depression
Panic Attacks
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Panic Attacks
Seasonal Affective Disorder
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Social Phobia/
Seasonal Affective
Disorder
Performance
Anxiety
0.4 0.5
Males
16.3 17.6
0.4 0.5
10.6 10.9
16.3 17.6
2.6 2.6
10.6 10.9
0.0 0.1
2.6 2.6
22.9 23.7
0.0 0.1
1.8 2.1
22.9 23.7
5.7 7.1
1.8 2.1
15.0 4.9
5.7 7.1
2.6 2.8
15.0 4.9
2.6
4.4 2.8
4.6
Social Phobia/
Performance Anxiety
Veterans
4.6 3.3
2.1Data4.3
ns
All4.4
Students—Adjusted
ns
Not statistically significant.
Veterans
ns
Not statistically significant.
1.5
ns
23.4
ns
1.5
ns
9.4
ns
23.4
ns
2.8
ns
9.4
ns
2.3
ns
2.8
ns
30.4
ns
2.3
ns
2.0
ns
30.4
ns
11.7
<0.001
2.0
ns
3.8
<0.001
11.7
<0.001
2.5
ns
3.8
<0.001
2.5
ns
3.3
ns
1.0
38.1
1.0
9.3
38.1
6.2
9.3
4.1
6.2
41.2
4.1
4.1
41.2
17.5
4.1
18.6
17.5
4.1
18.6
4.1
2.1
2.9
29.2
2.9
6.2
29.2
2.3
6.2
2.1
2.3
33.3
2.1
3.0
33.3
13.5
3.0
5.3
13.5
5.0
5.3
5.0
4.3
ns
p-value Females p-value
ns
ns
ns
ns
<0.05
ns
ns
<0.05
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
<0.001
ns
ns
<0.001
ns
ns
ns
M
V
All Students—Adjusted Data
M
V
Mental Health
S
The most frequently reported mental health
diagnoses within the past 12 months for veterans
who completed the survey are anxiety, depression,
and post-traumatic stress disorder. Male veterans
have similar diagnosis rates for most mental health
conditions within the past 12 months compared to
all students. However, male veterans report being
diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder
within the past 12 months at a higher rate than all
male students who completed the survey. Female
veterans report being diagnosed with anxiety,
bipolar disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder
within the past 12 months at higher rates than all
female students who completed the survey.
Mental Health Condition Diagnosis—
Past 12 Months
Veterans
All Students
by Gender
Mentaland
Health
Condition
Diagnosis—
Past 12 Months
Veterans and All Students by Gender
Percent Who Report Being Diagnosed
Mental Health Condition
Males Who
p-value
p-value
Percent
ReportFemales
Being Diagnosed
Anorexia
Mental Health Condition
Anxiety
Anorexia
Attention Deficit Disorder
Anxiety
Bipolar Disorder
Attention Deficit Disorder
Bulimia
Bipolar Disorder
Depression
Bulimia
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Depression
Panic Attacks
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Panic Attacks
Seasonal Affective Disorder
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Social Phobia/
Seasonal Affective
Disorder
Performance
Anxiety
0.9 0.3
Males
6.8 7.3
0.9 0.3
3.6 3.3
6.8 7.3
0.9 0.7
3.6 3.3
0.5 0.1
0.9 0.7
8.6 8.0
0.5 0.1
0.9 0.7
8.6 8.0
3.2 2.9
0.9 0.7
6.5 2.2
3.2 2.9
0.9 1.2
6.5 2.2
0.9 2.2
1.2
3.2
Social Phobia/
Performance Anxiety
Veterans
ns
Not statistically significant.
Veterans
ns
Not statistically significant.
1.5
ns
23.4
ns
1.5
ns
9.4
ns
23.4
ns
2.8
ns
9.4
ns
2.3
ns
2.8
ns
ns
30.4
2.3
ns
2.0
ns
ns
30.4
11.7
ns
2.0
ns
3.8
<0.001
11.7
ns
2.5
ns
3.8
<0.001
2.5
ns
3.3
ns
0.0
22.1
0.0
4.3
22.1
4.4
4.3
1.1
4.4
16.0
1.1
1.1
16.0
7.5
1.1
5.4
7.5
3.2
5.4
3.2
1.1
0.5
12.7
0.5
2.1
12.7
0.9
2.1
0.3
0.9
11.4
0.3
1.1
11.4
4.4
1.1
1.7
4.4
1.6
1.7
1.6
<0.001
<0.05
<0.001
ns
<0.05
<0.05
p-value Females p-value
ns
ns
<0.05
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
<0.05
ns
ns
<0.05
3.2Students—Adjusted
2.2 3.3
1.1Data1.6
ns
All
All Students—Adjusted Data
ns
ns
ns
G
S
Fa
G
Se
Fa
D
Se
B
D
B
B
D
B
Te
D
(N
Te
A
(N
B
A
Ex
B
Ex
Ex
B
Ex
B
B
Ro
B
Pa
Ro
La
Pa
Is
La
B
Is
Ze
B
O
Ze
Th
O
Th
ns
Any Mental Health Condition Diagnosis—
Lifetime
Veterans
and All Health
Students Condition
by Gender Diagnosis—
Any Mental
Lifetime
ns
Veterans and All Students by Gender
60
8
Percent
Percent
50
60
52.6
40
50
30
40
38.8
38.8
Health and Health-Related Behaviors Minnesota Postsecondary Student
Veterans
20
30
10
20
52.6
44.9
37.2
37.2
44.9
Veterans
ns
Any Mental Health Condition Diagnosis—
Lifetime
with at least one mental health condition within
their lifetime. Female veterans report a higher rate
60
of being diagnosed
with
a mental
health condition
Mental
Health
Stressors
and Risky Behavior
Veterans
within their lifetime compared to male veterans
52.6
38.8
that veterans have a higher though not statistically
37.2
significantly different
rate of being diagnosed with
60
20
All Students—Adjusted Data*
Males
respectively).
20
Females
0
*Statistically significant.
5
30.1
Veterans*
34.7
0
32.8
compared to all40students (42.9% vs. 39.5%,
Any Gamb
High-Risk
Current
Current
Drinking–5+
Marijuana Use—
Tobacco Use— Past 12 Mo
Drinks per Sitting
Any Use
Any Use
Past 2 Weeks
Past 30 Days*
Past 30 Days*
Two or Fewer Stressors
Three or More Stress
*Statistically significant.
Any Mental Health Condition Diagnosis—
Past 12 Months
Female veterans report a statistically significantly
Ability to Manage Stress—Past 12 Months
higher rate of Veterans
being diagnosed with a mental
Veterans and All Students by Gender
health condition within the past 12 months
30
compared to male veterans (27.4% vs. 16.1%,
In an attempt to measure effectiveness in managing stress, stud
25
Percent
Mental Health
1
5
48.4
Percent
any mental health condition within their lifetime
10
14.7
30
(p<0.05). The adjusted
aggregate survey data show
80
44.9
48.5
40
6.1
Percent
50
Results
e
All Students—Adjusted Data
Not statistically significant.
were asked
to rate
their stress
level and their ability to manage
respectively, p<0.001).
The
adjusted
aggregate
27.4
stress, each on a scale of 1 to 10. The reported stress level is the
divided
the reported
to manage stress. Any result grea
survey data show
thatbyveterans
haveability
a higher
20
than 1 means a student is not effectively managing his or her st
15
though not statistically significantly different
18.7
16.1
rate of being diagnosed with any mental health
14.8
10
condition within the past 12 months21.3%
compared to
all students (19.5% vs. 15.9%, respectively).
5
0
Veterans*
78.7%
All Students—Adjusted Data*
Males
Females
*Statistically significant.
Managed Stress (Index ≤1)
1
d
ns
Among all veterans, 42.9% report being diagnosed
Veterans and All Students by Gender
d
e
29.3 23.8
Three or More of the Above Stressors
Unmanaged Stress (Inde
Mental Health Stressors
Veterans and All Students
Stressor
Percent
Who Report
Experiencing
Within Past
12 Months p-value
4.3 3.5
ns
Failing a Class
10.2 8.1
ns
Serious Physical Illness of Someone Close to You 15.7 14.3
ns
21.6 19.9
Death of Someone Close to You
ns
4.3 3.6
Being Diagnosed With a Serious Physical Illness
ns
7.1 4.6 <0.05
Being Diagnosed With a Serious Mental Illness
ns
12.7 9.8
Divorce or Separation From Your Spouse
Stress and Mental Health,
Acute, and Chronic Condition Diagnosis
Veterans
Getting Married
Termination of Personal Relationship
(Not Including Marriage)
Attempted Suicide
Being Put on Academic Probation
Excessive Credit Card Debt
Excessive Debt Other Than Credit Card
Being Arrested
10.2 9.8
0.9 0.6
8.3 6.6
12.0 12.1
17.0 17.0
3.1 1.7
ns
ns
Condition
Any Acute Condition
Any Chronic Condition
Anxiety
Depression
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Panic Attacks
Social Phobia/
Performance Anxiety
Percent Who Report
Being Diagnosed Within
the Past 12 Months
5.7
26.0
5.6
6.0
0.4
2.8
23.4
43.3
33.3
29.2
3.1
10.9
1.2
7.8
p-v
<0
<0
<0
<0
<0
<0
ns
Managed Stress (Index ≤1)
ns
ns
ns
ns
Not statistically significant.
Unmanaged Stress (Inde
Results
9
ost-Traumatic Stress Disorder
15.0 4.9 <0.001
3.8 18.6 5.3 <0.001
<0.001ns
3.82.5
5.35.0
Traumatic
Stress Disorder 15.02.64.92.8
<0.001
easonal
Affective
ns 18.64.1
onal Affective
2.6 2.8 2.5
4.1 5.0 ns
ns
ocial
Phobia/ Disorder
erformance Anxiety
4.4 4.6 3.3
2.1 4.3 ns
ns
l Phobia/
rmance Anxiety
4.4 4.6 3.3
2.1 4.3 ns
ns
Veterans
Students—Adjusted
Datastressors among
The mostAll
commonly
experienced
Veterans
All Students—Adjusted Data
Not statistically significant.
veterans who completed the 2012 College Student
statistically significant.
Health Survey are the death of someone close to
Mental Health Stressors
Veterans and All Students
Mental Health Stressors
Veterans and All Students
Percent
Who Report
Percent
Experiencing
Who
Report
Within
Past
Experiencing
12 Months p-value
Within Past
12 Months
4.3 3.5p-valuens
them, excessive debt other than credit card, and
lack of health care coverage. A total of 37.7% of
veterans report experiencing one or two stressors
within the past 12 months, and 29.3% report
Mental Health Condition Diagnosis—
experiencing three or more stressors over that
Past
Months
ntal12
Health
Condition
Diagnosis—
eterans
and All Students
by Gender
t 12 Months same time period. The adjusted aggregate data
rans and All Students by Gender
from all students who completed the survey show
Percent
Report
Being experiencing
Diagnosed
that 42.3%
of allWho
students
report
one
Who
Report
Diagnosed
or two Percent
stressors
within
theBeing
past
12 months,
Males
Females
p-value and
ental Health Condition
p-value
Males
p-value
tal Health Condition23.8% report
p-value
<0.001stressors
norexia
0.9 experiencing
0.3
1.5
0.0 0.5
ns Females
three
or
more
<0.001
0.96.8
0.37.3time
1.5
0.0
ns
<0.05
23.4
22.10.5
12.7
ns
within that
same
period.
6.83.67.33.3
23.4
12.72.1<0.05ns
ns 9.4
ns 22.14.3
ntion
Disorder
3.60.93.30.79.4
2.10.9 ns<0.05
ns 2.8
polarDeficit
Disorder
ns 4.34.4
ar Disorder
0.90.50.70.12.8
0.90.3<0.05ns
ns 2.3
ulimia
ns 4.41.1
mia
0.58.60.18.02.3
ns 1.1
ns
30.4
16.00.3
11.4 ns ns
epression
ns 2.0
30.4
11.41.1 ns ns
ession
bsessive-Compulsive Disorder8.60.98.00.7
ns 16.01.1
1.14.4 ns ns
ssive-Compulsive
Disorder 0.93.20.72.92.0
ns
11.7
anic
Attacks
ns 1.17.5
11.7
Attacks
ns
3.8 7.55.44.41.7 ns<0.05
<0.001
ost-Traumatic
Stress Disorder 3.26.52.92.2
3.82.5
1.71.6<0.05ns
<0.001
Traumatic
Stress Disorder 6.50.92.21.2
easonal
Affective
ns 5.43.2
onal Affective
0.9 1.2 2.5
3.2 1.6 ns
ns
ocial
Phobia/ Disorder
erformance Anxiety
3.2 2.2 3.3
1.1 1.6 ns
ns
l Phobia/
rmance Anxiety
3.2 2.2 3.3
1.1 1.6 ns
ns
exia
nxiety
Mental Health
Results
ety
ttention Deficit Disorder
Veterans
Veterans
Not statistically significant.
All Students—Adjusted Data
All Students—Adjusted Data
statistically significant.
Stressor
Stressor
Getting Married
4.3
10.2 3.58.1 ns ns
Failing
a Class
14.3 ns ns
15.7 8.1
Serious
Physical Illness of Someone Close to You10.2
Serious
Physical
IllnessClose
of Someone
19.9 ns ns
21.614.3
Death
of Someone
to You Close to You 15.7
19.9
21.6
Death
of
Someone
Close
to
You
4.3 3.6 ns ns
Being Diagnosed With a Serious Physical Illness
Being
Diagnosed
With
a Serious
Physical
Illness
Being
Diagnosed
With
a Serious
Mental
Illness 4.37.1 3.64.6 ns<0.05
7.1
Being
Diagnosed
With a Serious
Mental
Illness
12.7 4.69.8<0.05 ns
Divorce
or Separation
From Your
Spouse
ns
9.8
12.7
Divorce
or
Separation
From
Your
Spouse
Termination of Personal Relationship
10.2 9.8
(Not Including Marriage)
ns
Termination of Personal Relationship
9.8
10.2
(Not
Including
Marriage)
ns
0.9 0.6
Attempted Suicide
ns
0.98.3 0.66.6 ns ns
Attempted
Suicide
Being Put
on Academic Probation
8.3
Being
Put on Credit
Academic
12.1 ns ns
12.0 6.6
Excessive
CardProbation
Debt
12.0
Excessive
Credit
Card
Debt
17.0 ns ns
17.012.1
Excessive
Debt
Other
Than Credit Card
17.03.117.01.7 ns ns
Excessive
Debt Other Than Credit Card
Being Arrested
3.19.0 1.77.5 ns ns
Being
Arrested
Being
Fired or Laid Off From a Job
9.08.3 7.59.3 ns ns
Being
Fired or Laid Off FromConflict
a Job
Roommate/Housemate
8.37.1 9.37.9 ns ns
Roommate/Housemate
Conflict
Parental Conflict
7.1
Parental
Conflict
15.2 ns ns
Lack of
Health Care Coverage
16.7 7.9
LackIssues
of Health
Care
16.70.915.21.5 ns ns
Related
toCoverage
Sexual Orientation
0.91.9 1.51.7 ns ns
Issues
Related to Sexual Orientation
Bankruptcy
1.9
Bankruptcy
33.9 ns ns
33.0 1.7
Zero of the Above Stressors
33.0
Zero
of the
Above
Stressors
42.3 ns ns
37.733.9
One
or Two
of the
Above Stressors
37.729.342.3
OneThree
or Two
the of
Above
Stressors
23.8 ns ns
or of
More
the Above
Stressors
29.3 23.8
ns
Three or More of the Above Stressors
Getting
Married
Failing
a Class
Veterans
Any Mental Health Condition Diagnosis—
Lifetime
y Mental
Condition
Veterans
andHealth
All Students
by Gender Diagnosis—
etime
Veterans
ns
Not statistically significant.
ns
All Students—Adjusted Data
All Students—Adjusted Data
Not statistically significant.
erans and All Students by Gender
0
10
0
use (p<0.01,) and engaging in gambling (p<0.05)
compared to veterans who experienced two or
fewer stressors. The adjusted aggregate data
Veterans*
All Students—Adjusted Data*
obtained from all students who participated in
Veterans*
All Students—Adjusted Data*
Males
the survey
show thatFemales
students who experienced
Females
Males
*Statisticallythree
significant.
or more stressors tend to have statistically
*Statistically significant.
significantly higher rates of current marijuana
use, high-risk drinking, current tobacco use, and
engaging in gambling compared to students who
experienced two or fewer stressors.
60
60
40
40
20
20
0
0
48.5
48.5
62.1
62.1
0
20
80
80
30.1
30.1
48.4
48.4
0
30
Veterans
32.8
32.8
34.7
34.7
0
40
Mental Health Stressors and Risky Behavior
Veterans
Mental Health Stressors and Risky Behavior
6.1
14.7
14.7
0
50
Over the same 12-month period, veterans who
52.6
experienced
three or more stressors tend to
52.6
44.9
higher
38.8 have statistically significantly
44.9 rates of
37.2
38.8
current marijuana use
37.2(p<0.05), current tobacco
6.1
0
60
Percent
Percent
0
Any Gambling—
High-Risk
Current
Current
Drinking–5+
Marijuana Use—
Tobacco Use— Past 12 Months*
High-Risk
Current
Drinks
per Sitting Current
Any Use
Any Use Any Gambling—
Marijuana
Use—
Past 2 Weeks Tobacco
Past 30
Days* Drinking–5+
Past Use—
30 Days*Past 12 Months*
Drinks per Sitting
Any Use
Any Use
Past 2 Weeks
Past 30 Days*
Past 30 Days*
Two or Fewer Stressors
Three or More Stressors
Two or Fewer Stressors
*Statistically significant.
*Statistically significant.
10 Health and Health-Related Behaviors Minnesota Postsecondary Student Veterans
Three or More Stressors
Depression Diagnosis—Past 12 Months
Veterans and All Students by Gender
Depression Diagnosis—Past 12 Months
Ability to Manage Stress—Past 12 Months
Veterans
Ability to Manage Stress—Past 12 Months
Veterans and All Students by Gender
Veterans
21.3%
Diagnosis—Past
12 Months
20
ApproximatelyDepression
one-fifth
(21.3%
) of veterans who
Veterans and All Students by Gender
15
16.0Health Survey
completed the 2012 College Student
Percent
Percent
15
10 20
16.0
report they are unable to manage their
stress level.
Additional analysis shows that 15.4% of male
10
8.6
veterans and 35.1%
of female veterans report they8.0
5 15
16.0
8.6
8.0
are unable to manage
their stress level.
5
0 10
78.7%
Veterans
Managed Stress (Index ≤1)
Unmanaged Stress (Index >1)
Managed Stress (Index ≤1)
Unmanaged Stress (Index >1)
significant.
manage their stress*Statistically
level.
0
11.4
All Students—Adjusted Dat
5
21.0% of all students
report they are Males
unable to
Unmanaged Stress (Index >1)
78.7%
11.4
11.4
Veterans
The adjusted aggregate
survey
0
8.6 data show that
78.7%
21.3%
Managed Stress (Index ≤1)
20
Percent
In an attempt to measure effectiveness in managing stress, students
were
asked toto
rate
their stress
level and their ability
to manage
Ability
Manage
Stress—Past
12
Months
stress,
each
on a scale
of 1 to effectiveness
10. The reported
stress level
is then
In
an
attempt
to measure
in managing
stress,
students
Veterans
divided
the reported
ability
to manage
result
greater
wereby
asked
to rate their
stress
level andstress.
their Any
ability
to manage
thanstress,
1 means
student
is of
not1 effectively
his orlevel
her stress.
eacha on
a scale
to 10. The managing
reported stress
is then
divided by the reported ability to manage stress. Any result greater
than 1 means a student is not effectively managing his or her stress.
In an attempt to measure effectiveness in managing stress, students
were asked to rate their stress level and their ability to manage
stress, each on a scale
of 1 to 10. The reported stress level is then
21.3%
divided by the reported
ability to manage stress. Any result greater
than 1 means a student is not effectively managing his or her stress.
8.0
All
Students—Adjusted
Females
Females
Males
*Statistically
significant.
Veterans
All Students—Adjusted
Females
Males
*Statistically significant.
Currently Taking Medication for Depression
Veterans and All Students by Gender
Currently Taking Medication for Depression
Veterans and All Students by Gender
25
Stress and Mental Health,
Acute, and Chronic Condition Diagnosis
Stress and Mental Health,
Veterans
Acute, and Chronic Condition Diagnosis
26.05.7
43.323.4 <0.01
<0.001
Percent Who
Report <0.001
5.6
33.3
26.0
43.3
Being Diagnosed Within <0.01
p-value
the
Months
6.0
<0.001
5.6Past 1229.2
33.3 <0.001
<0.001
Any Acute Condition
5.7
23.4
ns
Obsessive-Compulsive
Disorder
0.46.0
3.129.2
Depression
<0.001
Any
Chronic Condition Disorder 2.826.0
<0.01
Panic
Attacks
10.943.3
ns
Obsessive-Compulsive
0.4
3.1 <0.05
Anxiety
<0.001
5.6
33.3
Social
Phobia/
Panic Attacks
<0.05
2.8
10.9
Performance Anxiety
1.2
7.8
<0.05
Depression
6.0
29.2
<0.001
Social
Phobia/
Performance Anxiety
1.2
7.8
ns
Obsessive-Compulsive
Disorder
0.4
3.1 (Index<0.05
Managed Stress (Index
≤1)
Unmanaged
Stress
>1)
Panic
Attacks
<0.05
2.8
10.9
Managed Stress (Index ≤1)
Unmanaged Stress (Index >1)
ns
AnyAny
Chronic
AcuteCondition
Condition
Anxiety
Any Chronic Condition
Condition
Depression
Anxiety
Not statistically significant.
Managed Stress (Index ≤1)
ns
7.8
<0.05
Unmanaged Stress (Index >1)
Not statistically significant.
9and Operation Enduring Freedom Service Status and Gender
0
3
10.9
Percent
Percent
*Statistically
significant.
Veterans*
2.6
Males*
*Statistically significant.
Currently Taking Medication for
Mental Health Problems Other Than Depression
Currently
for
Veterans
and All Taking
Students Medication
by Gender
Mental Health Problems Other Than Depression
Veterans and All Students by Gender
15
12
diagnosis rate 9of post-traumatic stress disorder
15
8.8 who did not serve in 9.3
compared to male
9 veterans
6
9.3
14.4
8.8 This same
Iraq or Afghanistan (p<0.05).
statistical
Females
9
3
in Iraq or Afghanistan.
3
5.6
ServedMales*
in Iraq or Afghanistan
2.6
Served
in
Iraq
or
Afghanistan
*Statistically
significant.
0
Males*
Females
Did Not Serve
in Iraq or Afghanistan
Did Not Serve
in Iraq or Afghanistan
Served
in Iraq or Afghanistan
Did Not Serve
in Iraq or Afghanistan
*Statistically significant.
Veterans Males
Females
Veterans
All Students—Adjusted
Females
Females
All Students—Adjusted
Males
Females
Eating Disorder Diagnosis—Lifetime
Veterans and All Students by Gender
Eating Disorder Diagnosis—Lifetime
Veterans and All Students by Gender
5
*Statistically significant.
Results
Eating
Disorder Diagnosis—Lifetime
5
4Veterans and All Students by Gender
t
Depression Diagnosis—Lifetime
Veterans and All Students by Gender
Depression Diagnosis—Lifetime
10.4
difference was3not found among female veterans.
Males
5.3
10.4
12
6
0
2.6
Females
Males
0
5.6
5.3
All Students—Adjusted
10.4
9.3
8.8
Among all veterans,
report that they served
All Students—Adjusted Dat
6 45.2%Veterans
5.6
5.3
Females
*Statistically significant.
conditions among0all students.
0
10.9
Females
Males
5
ability to manage stress and various health
Males
Percent
Percent
Percent
Percent
3
0 6
same diagnosis (p<0.001).
The adjusted aggregate
Veterans*
All Students—Adjusted Dat
10
11.1
0
10.1
data show the same type of relationship
Veterans* betweenAll Students—Adjusted
12Mental Health Problems Other Than Depression
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Diagnosis—
12 12 Months Veterans by Operation Iraqi Freedom
Past
10.9
6
9
16.2
Veterans
and All
Students 14.4
by Gender
Afghanistan have
a higher
past-12-month
and Operation Enduring Freedom Service Status and Gender
12
3
0
16.2
Taking Medication
for
Male veteransCurrently
who
Iraq or
15 served in either
14.4
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Diagnosis—
Past 12 Months Veterans by Operation Iraqi Freedom
Diagnosis—
andPost-Traumatic
Operation Enduring Stress
FreedomDisorder
Service Status
and Gender
Past 12 Months Veterans by Operation Iraqi Freedom
9
6 12
10
stress levels report
diagnosed with
22.7anxiety 11.1
20 being
10.1
10
within the past5 year compared to only 5.6% of
11.1
10.1
15
veterans with managed
stress
levels
reporting
the
5
Percent
Percent
1.2
16.2
25
For example, 33.3%
15 of veterans with unmanaged
Mental Health
Percent Who Report
Stress and Mental Health,
Being Diagnosed Within
thePercent
Past Diagnosis
12Who
Months
Condition
Report p-value
Acute, and Chronic Condition
Being Diagnosed Within
Veterans
p-value
AnyCondition
Acute Condition
5.7
the Past 1223.4
Months <0.001
Percent
Veterans
Social Phobia/
ns
Performance
Anxiety
Not statistically
significant.
Results
25
Currently
Taking Medication for Depression
22.7by Gender
20Veterans
andare
All Students
Unmanaged stress
levels
associated
with
22.7
20
rates of diagnosis
15 for various health conditions.
4
4.1
11
4.0
Student Health Survey, females report being
Depression Diagnosis—Lifetime
Veterans and All Students by Gender
diagnosed with depression within their lifetime at a
50
higher rate compared to males (p<0.01).
Any Gambling—
High-Risk
Current
Current
Drinking–5+
Marijuana Use—
Tobacco Use— Past 12 Months*
Drinks per Sitting
Any Use
Any Use
Past 2 Weeks
Past 30 Days*
Past 30 Days*
Three or More Stressors
40
Percent
Two or Fewer Stressors
Percent
48.5
30.1
34.7
Among veterans who completed the 2012 College
32.8
6.1
14.7
48.4
62.1
V
*Statistically significant.
41.2
30
20
33.3
23.7
22.9
10
0
Veterans*
All Students—Adjusted Data*
Males
Females
Results
*Statistically significant.
Male veterans report
being diagnosed with
ity to
to Manage
Manage Stress—Past
Stress—Past
12 Months
Months
ity
12
ans
ans
depression within the past 12 months at a higher
Depression Diagnosis—Past
Diagnosis—Past 12 Months
Depression
Veterans and All Students by Gender 12 Months
Veterans and All Students by Gender
female veterans.
According
to the adjusted
attempt to measureaseffectiveness
in managing
stress, students
attempt
measure
effectiveness
managing
students
asked toto
rate
their stress
level andintheir
ability stress,
to manage
asked
to
rate
their
stress
level
and
their
ability
to
manage
aggregate
survey
data,
female
report
s, each on a scale of 1 to 10. The reported stress level isstudents
then
s,
on reported
a scale ofability
1 to 10.
reported
stress
then
edeach
by the
to The
manage
stress.
Any level
resultisgreater
ed
by theareported
todiagnosed
managemanaging
stress.
greater
withAny
depression
within the past
1 means
student ability
isbeing
not effectively
hisresult
or her
stress.
1 means a student is not effectively managing his or her stress.
12 months at a higher rate than male students
(p<0.001).
21.3%
21.3%
20
20
15
15
Percent
Percent
Mental Health
but not statistically significantly different rate
10
10
5
5
0
0
78.7%
78.7%
16.0
16.0
11.4
11.4
8.6
8.6
8.0
8.0
Veterans
Veterans
All Students—Adjusted Data*
All Students—Adjusted Data*
Males
Males
Managed Stress (Index ≤1)
Managed Stress (Index ≤1)
*Statistically significant.
*Statistically significant.
Unmanaged Stress (Index >1)
Unmanaged Stress (Index >1)
Overall, 13.9% of veterans who completed the
2012 College Student Health Survey report they
Currently Taking
Taking Medication
Medication for
for Depression
Depression
Currently
Veterans and All Students
by Gender
Veterans and All Students by Gender
currently are taking medication for depression.
25
25
ess and
and Mental
Mental Female
Health,veterans report using medication for
ess
Health,
te,
and
Chronic
Condition Diagnosis
Diagnosis
te, and Chronicdepression
Condition
rans
at a statistically significantly higher
rate than male veterans (p<0.01). According to the
Percent
Who Reportdata, female students
adjusted Percent
aggregate
Whosurvey
Report
Being Diagnosed Within
Being
Within p-value
the Diagnosed
Past 12
Months
also report
medication
depression at
theusing
Past 12
Months forp-value
ition
ition
<0.001
Acute Condition
5.7
23.4
a statistically
rate than male
Acute Condition
5.7significantly
23.4higher<0.001
Chronic Condition
26.0
43.3
<0.01
Chronic Condition students (p<0.001).
26.0
43.3
<0.01
ety
<0.001
5.6
33.3
ety
<0.001
5.6
33.3
ession
6.0
29.2
<0.001
ession
6.0
29.2
<0.001
ns
ssive-Compulsive Disorder
0.4
3.1
ns
ssive-Compulsive Disorder
0.4
3.1
c Attacks
<0.05
2.8
10.9
Attacks
<0.05
2.8
10.9
al Phobia/
l Phobia/Anxiety
ormance
1.2
7.8
<0.05
ormance Anxiety
1.2
7.8
<0.05
Managed Stress (Index ≤1)
Managed Stress (Index ≤1)
22.7
22.7
20
20
Percent
Percent
rans
Females
Females
15
15
10
10
5
5
0
0
16.2
16.2
11.1
11.1
10.1
10.1
Veterans*
Veterans*
All Students—Adjusted Data*
All Students—Adjusted Data*
Males
Males
Females
Females
*Statistically significant.
*Statistically significant.
Unmanaged Stress (Index >1)
Unmanaged Stress (Index >1)
12 Health and Health-Related
Behaviors Minnesota Postsecondary Student Veterans
statistically significant.
Currently Taking
Taking Medication
Medication for
for
statistically significant.
Currently
Mental Health
Health Problems
Problems Other
Other Than
Than Depression
Depression
Mental
Veterans and All Students by Gender
Veterans and All Students by Gender
Days per
per Week
Week
Days
Currently Taking
Taking Medication
Medication for
for
Currently
Mental Health
Health Problems
Problems Other
Other Than
Than Depression
Depression
Mental
Veterans and All Students by Gender
Veterans and All Students by Gender
statistically significantly different rate of medication
use for mental health problems other than
15
15
depression than male veterans. Overall, 10.5%
14.4
14.4
12
12
Percent
Percent
Female veterans report a higher though not
of veterans report taking medication for a mental
health problem other than depression.
9
9
9.3
9.3
8.8
8.8
6
6
10.4
10.4
3
3
0
0
Veterans
Veterans
All Students—Adjusted
Students—Adjusted Data
Data
All
Males
Males
Females
Females
Among veterans who completed the 2012 College
Veterans and All Students by Gender
Student Health Survey, 0.4% of males compared
Mental Health
to 4.1% of females report being diagnosed with
5
5
anorexia and/or bulimia within their lifetime
4
4
Percent
Percent
Results
Eating Disorder
Disorder Diagnosis—Lifetime
Diagnosis—Lifetime
Eating
Veterans and All Students
by Gender
4.1
4.1
3
3
4.0
4.0
(p<0.05). The adjusted aggregate data obtained
from all students who participated in the survey
show that 0.5% of all males and 4.0% of all
2
2
females report being diagnosed with anorexia
1
1
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
0
0
Veterans*
Veterans*
and/or bulimia within their lifetime (p<0.001).
All Students—Adjusted
Students—Adjusted Data*
Data*
All
Males
Males
Females
Females
*Statistically significant.
*Statistically significant.
**
Number of Days of Adequate Sleep—
Past Seven Days
Veterans
Approximately one-half (47.0%) of all veterans
report they received enough sleep so they felt
rested when they woke up in the morning on
three or fewer days over the previous seven days.
19.7%
33.3%
25.3%
21.7%
The adjusted aggregate data show that 48.5% of
47.0% of student veterans
get adequate sleep
3 or fewer days a week
all students who completed the 2012 College
Student Health Survey report they received
adequate sleep on three or fewer days over the
previous seven days.
0–1 Day per Week
4–5 Days per Week
2–3 Days per Week
6–7 Days per Week
Results
13
rently Taking Medication for Depression
ans and All Students by Gender
veterans’ ability to manage their stress level. Only
22.7 of veterans who report receiving zero to
58.5%
one day per week of adequate sleep also report the
16.2
ability to manage their stress, whereas 93.8% of
10.1
veterans who report
six to seven days per week of
11.1
adequate sleep also report the ability to manage
their stress (p<0.001). A similar association between
sleep and stress
is seen in the adjusted
Veterans*
All Students—Adjusted
Data* aggregate
survey data from all students.
Males
Females
Adequate Sleep and Stress
Veterans
100
Percent Who Report They
Manage Their Stress Level
Receiving adequate sleep appears to affect
60
40
58.5
0–1
rently Taking Medication for
ntal Health Problems Other Than Depression
Mental Health
Results
ans and All Students by Gender
14.4
9.3
8.8
Veterans
10.4
All Students—Adjusted Data
Males
Females
ng Disorder Diagnosis—Lifetime
ans and All Students by Gender
4.1
4.0
0.5
0.4
Veterans*
All Students—Adjusted Data*
Males
93.8
2–3
4–5
Days per Week
6–7
68.6
20
0
*Statistically significant.
91.7
80
Females
*Statistically significant.
14 Health and Health-Related Behaviors Minnesota Postsecondary Student Veterans
Results
Tobacco Use
Recent research shows that approximately one-third of 18- to 20-year-olds (31.9%) and 21- to 25-yearolds (35.8%) report current cigarette use.12 More than one in four (28.1%) full-time college students
smoked cigarettes at least one time in the previous year; fewer than one in five (16.4%) smoked
cigarettes at least one time in the previous 30 days; and fewer than one in 10 (7.6%) smoke cigarettes
daily.13 Among young adults ages 18-25, 6.4% used smokeless tobacco in the previous month.12
Current cigarette smokers are more likely to use other tobacco products, alcohol, or illicit drugs than
nonsmokers.12 Among all current smokers, 45.3% have stopped smoking for at least one day in the
preceding 12 months.14 Of the 15 million college students in the United States, an estimated 1.7 million
will die prematurely due to smoking-related illnesses.15 Clearly, the current level of tobacco use among
college students poses a major health risk.
Several studies have documented higher rates of tobacco use among veterans compared to the civilian
Results
population. According to the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) National Smoking and Tobacco Use
Cessation Program directive, the prevalence of smokers in the VA is 22.0% compared to 20.9% in the
general population.16 A National Survey on Drug Use and Health report estimates that 18.1% of veterans
Tobacco Use
smoke cigarettes on a daily basis, compared to 14.3% of nonveterans.17 In a study of U.S. military
personnel serving in the first Gulf War, 7.0% of respondents indicated they started smoking for the first
time and 56.0% of preexisting regular smokers stated they increased consumption while deployed.18
15
The current tobacco-use rate for all veterans who
completed the 2012 College Student Health Survey
Current Tobacco Use
Veterans and All Students by Gender
Current Tobacco Use
Veterans and All Students by Gender
Current
Tobacco Use
Veterans
and All Students by Gender
40
40
is statistically significantly higher than the current
the survey (35.5% vs. 27.6%, respectively,
p<0.01). Male veterans report a higher though not
statistically significantly different rate of current
tobacco use compared to female veterans (38.3%
Percent
Percent
Percent
tobacco-use rate among all students who completed
40
30
30
30
20
35.5
35.5
Definition:
Current Tobacco Use
20.8
20.8
20.8
Females
Males*
Females
All Students—Adjusted
Data
Males*
Females
All Students—Adjusted Data
All Students—Adjusted Data
*Statistically significant.
Daily Tobacco Use
Veterans and All Students by Gender
Daily Tobacco Use
Veterans and All Students by Gender
Daily Tobacco Use
Veterans
and All Students by Gender
25
Percent
Percent
Percent
significantly different that the rate for female
28.9
28.9
All* Veterans
All*
Veterans
veterans (21.1% vs. 13.4%, respectively).
25
20
25
20
15
20
15
10
15
10
5
10
5
0
5
0
21.1
18.8
18.8
18.8
0
14.0
21.1
21.1
15.2
15.2
15.2
14.0
14.0
13.4
13.4
13.4
11.2
11.2
11.2
All*
Males*
All* Veterans
Males*
Females
All Students—Adjusted
Data
Males*
Females
All Students—Adjusted Data
All*
*StatisticallyVeterans
significant.
Veterans
*Statistically significant.
Females
All Students—Adjusted Data
*Statistically significant.
Overall, 11.5% of male veterans report using
smokeless tobacco during the past 30 days
compared to 4.1% of female veterans. This
difference is not statistically significant. The current
Current Smokeless Tobacco Use
Veterans and All Students by Gender
Current Smokeless Tobacco Use
Veterans and All Students by Gender
Current
Smokeless Tobacco Use
Veterans
and All Students by Gender
12
smokeless tobacco-use rate for all veterans who
completed the 2012 College Student Health Survey
is higher though not statistically significantly
different than the current smokeless tobacco-use
rate among all students who completed the survey
(9.3% vs. 6.7%, respectively).
Percent
Percent
Percent
Results
Tobacco Use
for male veterans is higher but not statistically
28.9
Males*
*Statistically significant.
the daily tobacco-use rate among all students
respectively, p<0.05). The daily tobacco-use rate
30.5
30.5
All*
*StatisticallyVeterans
significant.
Any tobacco use in the past 30 days.
Tobacco use includes both smoking
and smokeless tobacco.
who completed the survey (18.8% vs. 14.0%,
30.5
10
0
Survey is statistically significantly higher than
38.3
38.3
27.6
27.6
20
10
0
completed the 2012 College Student Health
27.6
20
100
vs. 28.9%, respectively).
The daily tobacco-use rate for all veterans who
38.3
35.5
12
11.5
129
11.5
11.5
9
96
6
9.3
9.3
9.3
6.7
6.7
6.7
63
3
30
0
0
9.2
9.2
9.2
4.1
4.1
4.1
0.7
0.7
Females*
0.7
All
Males
All Veterans
Males
Females*
All
Students—Adjusted
Data
Males
Females*
All Students—Adjusted Data
All
*StatisticallyVeterans
significant.
Veterans
*Statistically significant.
*Statistically significant.
16 Health and Health-Related Behaviors Minnesota Postsecondary Student Veterans
All Students—Adjusted Data
Tobacco-Use Location
Quit Attempts—Past 12 Months
Veterans and All Students: Current Percent
TobaccoWho
UsersIndicate Use
Veterans: Current Smokers
30.4%
Location
36.6%
Quit Attempts—Past 12 Months
63.4%
Veterans: Current Smokers
69.6%
30.4%
36.6%
63.4%
69.6%
30.4%
69.6%
Consider
Themselves Smokers
Do Not Consider
Themselves Smokers
Consider
Themselves Smokers
Do Not Consider
Themselves Smokers
6.2 = Average Number
of Quit Attempts
36.6%
1–99 = Range of
63.4%
Quit Attempts
6.2 = Average Number
of Quit Attempts
Attempted
Quit of
1–99to= Range
QuitNot
Attempts
Have
Attempted
Quit Number
6.2 =toAverage
of Quit Attempts
Attempted
to =Quit
1–99
Range of
HaveQuit
NotAttempts
Attempted
to Quit
Consider
Themselves Smokers
Attempted
to Quit
Do Not Consider
Themselves Smokers
Have Not Attempted
to Quit
Veterans: Current Tobacco Users
18.4%
Number of Cigarettes Smoked
9.7% 11.7%
average of 5.3Worksite
quit attempts.
*
*
35.9
*Location
9.7
Other not included in question.
10.2
37.9
Veterans
All Students—Adjusted Data
23.3
23.3
*
Parking Ramp/Garage
Secondhand Smoke Exposure
Veterans
Veterans
All Students—Adjusted Data
*Location not included in question.
9.7% 11.7%
78.6%
14.6%
Weekday
67.0%
18.4%
Weekend
78.6% Day
9.7% 11.7%
Less Than 0.5 Pack per Day
0.5–1 Pack per Day
Weekday
per Day
67.0% More Than 1 Pack Weekend
78.6%Day
Less Than 0.5 Pack per Day
0.5–1 Pack per Day
Veterans
Percent Who Indicate Exposure
Location
Inside
0.5
0.0
17.2
On
Campus
Secondhand
Smoke Exposure
Percent Who Indicate Exposure
Among veterans
who report
Veterans
* over the *
0.9
Residence
Halls using tobacco
past 30 days, the
proportion who report0.0
smoking
Location
0.0
Inside 2.9
Outside
Fraternity/Sorority
0.5
0.0
17.2
Campus
half a pack of On
cigarettes
or
more
per
day
increases
*
*
16.3
Bars/Restaurants
Percent Who Indicate Exposure
*a weekend
*
0.9*
Residence
49.5
Inaaweekday
Car Hallsto 88.3% on9.0
from 81.6% on
0.0
2.9
0.0
Fraternity/Sorority
4.5
15.5
9.5Outside
Where
I
Live
Location
Inside
day. The adjusted aggregate survey data from all
*
*
16.3
Bars/Restaurants
7.2
13.6
8.1
Private
Parties
0.5
0.0
17.2
On Campus
students who currently use tobacco show that the
9.0**
49.5**
*
In
a Car Halls
12.2
Worksite
0.9
Residence
proportion of students who report they smoke half
4.5
15.5
9.5
Where
5.4
10.7
ParkingI Live
Ramp/Garage
0.0
2.9
0.0*
Fraternity/Sorority
a pack of cigarettes or more per day increases
from
7.2
13.6
8.1
Private
6.8
12.6
15.8
Other Parties
*
*
16.3
Bars/Restaurants
77.1% on a weekday
to
82.7%
on
a
weekend
day.
*
*
12.2*
Worksite
9.0
49.5
In a Car
Nonsmoker
Smoker
5.4
10.7
*
Parking
4.5
15.5
9.5
Where IRamp/Garage
Live
*Location
not included in question.
6.8
12.6
15.8
Other
7.2
13.6
8.1
Private Parties
*
5.4
*Location
6.8
Other not included in question.
Worksite
Weekday More Than 1 Pack per
Weekend
Day
Day
Parking Ramp/Garage
Less Than 0.5 Pack per Day
0.5–1 Pack per Day
Outsid
Tobacco Use
18.4%
67.0%
Veterans:14.6%
Current Tobacco Users
in the past 30 Location
days,
30.4% of veterans, compared
1.9Inside 0.3
3.9
Outside
Fraternity/Sorority
to 33.0% of allOn
students
who
completed
the
2.9*
2.8*
43.7
Campus
53.4
Bars/Restaurants
Percent Who Indicate Use
*smokers.73.3
*
4.9*
survey, do notResidence
consider
themselves to be
68.0
In a Car Halls
1.9
0.3
3.9
Fraternity/Sorority
18.4
20.5
82.5
Where
I
Live
Location
Inside
Outside
Among those who do consider themselves to be
* 52.9%17.1
*
53.4
Bars/Restaurants
50.5
Private
Parties compared15.5
2.9
2.8
43.7
On
Campus
smokers, 63.4%
of
veterans,
to
68.0**
73.3**
*
In
a Car Halls
35.9
Worksite
4.9
Residence
of all students, made at least one attempt to quit
18.4
20.5
82.5
Where
23.3
23.3
ParkingI Live
Ramp/Garage
1.9
0.3
3.9*
Fraternity/Sorority
smoking over the past 12 months. These veterans
15.5
17.1
50.5
Private
9.7
10.2
37.9
Other Parties
*
*
53.4
Bars/Restaurants
made an average of 6.2 quit attempts during
*
*
35.9*
Worksite
68.0
73.3
In a Car
Veterans
All Students—Adjusted Data
that same 12-month
period,
while
all students
23.3
23.3
*
Parking
18.4
20.5
82.5
Where IRamp/Garage
Live
*Location
not
included
in
question.
who consider Other
themselves
to
be
smokers
made
an
9.7
10.2
37.9
15.5
17.1
50.5
Private Parties
Results
Veterans: Current
14.6% Tobacco Users
Outsid
Secondhand Smoke Exposure
Number of Cigarettes Smoked
Number of Cigarettes Smoked
Inside
2.9
2.8
43.7
On
Campus
Tobacco-Use
Location
Percent Who Indicate Use
Among those who
report
using
smokingCurrent
tobacco
Veterans
and
All Students:
* Tobacco*Users 4.9
Residence
Halls
Nonsmoker
*
12.2
Smoker
10.7
*
12.6
15.8
Secondhand SmokeNonsmoker
Exposure—Per
Week
Smoker
More Than 1 Pack per Day
Veterans: Nonsmokers vs. Current Smokers
*Location not included in question.
2.7% 0.9%users smoke
Veterans whoSecondhand
are current tobacco
Smoke Exposure—Per Week
Average Number of Cigarettes Smoked
Veterans: Current vs. Daily Tobacco Users
Veterans: Nonsmokers vs. Current Smokers
20
Average
Number of Cigarettes Smoked
Average
Number
of Cigarettes
Average Number
of Cigarettes
Average
Number of Cigarettes
20.0 Users
Veterans: Current vs. Daily Tobacco
17.2
15
20
13.9
Average Number
of20.0
Cigarettes Smoked
Veterans:
Current vs. Daily Tobacco Users
10
12.5
17.2
15
205
13.9
20.0
10
150
5
10
0
5
Less Than 30 Minutes–1 Hour
17.2
Weekday
13.9
Current Tobacco Users
Weekday
Current Tobacco Users
0
12.5
Weekday
similar average numbers of cigarettes per weekday 12.6%
and per weekend day.19.0%
Veterans
who are daily
2.7% 0.9%
13.6%
Secondhand
Smoke
Week 37.9%
tobacco users smoke a higher but notExposure—Per
statistically
Veterans: Nonsmokers vs. Current Smokers 12.6%
significantly different average77.4%
numbers of cigarettes
35.9%
19.0%
per weekday compared 2.7%
to per0.9%
weekend day. The13.6%
37.9%
adjusted aggregate survey data show a statistically
12.6%
77.4%
Nonsmokers
Current Smokers
significantly higher average
35.9%
19.0% number of cigarettes
0 Hours to on weekend 13.6% 2–6 Hours
37.9%
smoked on weekdays compared
Weekend Day
12.5
Daily Tobacco Users
Weekend Day
Daily Tobacco Users
Weekend Day
days for both current andNonsmokers
daily
tobacco users.
77.4%
7 or More Hou
Current Smokers
35.9%
2–6 Hours
0 Hours
Less Than 30 Minutes–1 Hour
7 or More Hours
Nonsmokers
Current Smokers
0 Hours
Less Than 30 Minutes–1 Hour
Results
2–6 Hours
7 or More Hour
17
Veterans who used tobacco in the past 30 days
Attempts—Past 12 Months
Attempts—Past 12 Months
ns: Current Smokersreport the most common locations of their use
ns: Current Smokersare where they live (outside), in a car, at bars and
Tobacco-Use Location
Veterans and All Students: Current Tobacco Users
Tobacco-Use Location
Veterans and All Students: Current Tobacco Users
restaurants, and at private parties (outside). The
most common locations obtained from the adjusted
30.4%
aggregate data36.6%
from all students who completed
30.4%
36.6%
Health Survey were the
69.6%the 2012 College Student63.4%
same as those reported by
veterans.
63.4%
69.6%
Private
Where IParties
Live
Worksite
Private Parties
Consider
Themselves Smokers
Consider
Do
Not Consider
Themselves
Smokers
Themselves Smokers
Do Not Consider
Themselves Smokers
Quit Attempts
Attempted
to Quit
Attempted
Have
Not Attempted
to Quit
to Quit
Have Not Attempted
to Quit
Results
For veterans who are nonsmokers, on campus
(outside) is the most commonly cited location
for Smoked
exposure to secondhand smoke. For veterans
mber of Cigarettes
ans: Current Tobacco Users
whoSmoked
are smokers, where they live (outside) is
mber of Cigarettes
Tobacco Use
Fraternity/Sorority
Residence Halls
Bars/Restaurants
Fraternity/Sorority
6.2 = Average Number
1–99 of
= Range
of
Quit Attempts
Quit Attempts
ans: Current Tobacco Users
the most commonly cited location for exposure
9.7% 11.7%
to secondhand smoke.
Approximately two-fifths
14.6% 18.4%
9.7%report
(39.5%) of veterans
11.7%never being exposed
14.6% 18.4%
to secondhand smoke. Adjusted aggregate data
from all students who completed the survey
78.6%
show that 43.1% report never being exposed to
78.6%
secondhand smoke.
Weekday
Weekend Day
Parking
WorksiteRamp/Garage
Other
Parking Ramp/Garage
Other
Veterans
0.5–1
Pack0.5
perPack
Day per Day
Less Than
More
Than
1
Pack
0.5–1 Pack per Dayper Day
10.2
37.9
36.8
All Students—Adjusted Data
*Location not included in question.
Secondhand Smoke Exposure
Veterans
Secondhand Smoke Exposure
Veterans
Percent Who Indicate Exposure
Percent Who Indicate Exposure
Inside
Outside
Location
On Campus
Location
Residence
On CampusHalls
Fraternity/Sorority
Residence Halls
Bars/Restaurants
Fraternity/Sorority
In
a Car
Bars/Restaurants
Where
In a CarI Live
Private
Where IParties
Live
Worksite
Private Parties
Other
More Than 1 Pack per Day
9.7
43.7Outside44.4
4.9
4.3
43.7
44.4
3.9
1.0
4.9
4.3
53.4
45.9
3.9
1.0
*
*
53.4
45.9
82.5*
77.5*
50.5
50.2
82.5
77.5
35.9
38.4
50.5
50.2
*
*
35.9
38.4
37.9*
36.8*
Veterans
*Location not included
in question. All Students—Adjusted Data
Parking
WorksiteRamp/Garage
Other
Parking Ramp/Garage
Weekday Less Than 0.5 Pack per
Weekend
Day Day
2.9 Inside 2.8
*
*
2.9
2.8
1.9*
0.3*
*
*
1.9
0.3
68.0*
73.3*
18.4
20.5
68.0
73.3
15.5
17.1
18.4
20.5
*
*
15.5
17.1
23.3*
23.3*
9.7
10.2
23.3
23.3
On Campus
Location
Residence
On CampusHalls
6.2 = Average Number
1–99 = Range of
67.0%
Percent Who Indicate Use
Inside
Outside
Location
In
a Car
Bars/Restaurants
Where
In a CarI Live
of Quit Attempts
67.0%
Percent Who Indicate Use
0.5 Inside 0.0
*
*
0.5
0.0
0.0*
2.9*
*
*
0.0
2.9
9.0*
49.5*
4.5
15.5
9.0
49.5
7.2
13.6
4.5
15.5
*
*
7.2
13.6
5.4*
10.7*
6.8
12.6
5.4
10.7
6.8
12.6
17.2Outside25.2
0.9
3.9
17.2
25.2
0.0
1.9
0.9
3.9
16.3
33.0
0.0
1.9
*
*
16.3
33.0
9.5*
38.8*
8.1
30.1
9.5
38.8
12.2
17.5
8.1
30.1
*
*
12.2
17.5
15.8*
30.1*
Nonsmoker
Smoker
Nonsmoker
*Location not included in question.
Smoker
15.8
30.1
*Location not included in question.
Secondhand Smoke Exposure—Per Week
Veterans: Nonsmokers vs. Current Smokers
Secondhand Smoke Exposure—Per Week
Veterans: Nonsmokers vs. Current Smokers
2.7% 0.9%
age Number of Cigarettes Smoked
ns: Current vs. Daily Tobacco Users
age Number of Cigarettes Smoked
2.7% 0.9%
ns: Current vs. Daily Tobacco Users
19.0%
19.0%
20.0
20.0
13.9
17.2
12.5
13.9
17.2
12.5
18
77.4%
12.6%
12.6%
13.6%
37.9%
13.6%
37.9%
77.4%
Nonsmokers
35.9%
35.9%
Current Smokers
Current
2–6Smokers
Hours
0Nonsmokers
Hours
Than
30
Minutes–1
Hour
7
or
More Hours
Health and Health-Related Behaviors Minnesota Postsecondary Student Less
Veterans
2–6 Hours
0 Hours
Less Than 30 Minutes–1 Hour
Weekday
Weekend Day
7 or More Hours
Secondhand Smoke Exposure—Per Week
For veterans who are nonsmokers, 3.6% report
Veterans: Nonsmokers vs. Current Smokers
being exposed to secondhand smoke two or
Tobacco-Use
Status
more hours per week.
For veterans
whoand
are Other Illegal
2.7% 0.9%
Drug Use (Not Marijuana)—Past 12 Months
current smokers,Veterans
26.2% report being exposed to
12.6%
secondhand smoke two or more hours per week.
13.6%
77.4%
8
37.9%
7.9
6
35.9%
Nonsmokers
Percent
19.0%
5.9
Current Smokers
0 Hours
Less Than 30 Minutes–1 Hour
2
2–6 Hours
7 or More Hours
0
Tobacco-Use
Tobacco-UseStatus
Statusand
andHigh-Risk
High-RiskDrinking
Drinking
Veterans
Veterans
Percent
Percent
33.3
33.3
Veterans who use tobacco have a higher rate of
high-risk drinking compared to veterans who are
p<0.001).
This same relationship between tobacco use and
high-risk drinking is seen in the adjusted aggregate
26.3
26.3
data from all students who completed the 2012
College Student Health Survey.
10
10
All Veterans
All Veterans
Non-Tobacco Users
Non-Tobacco Users
Tobacco Users
Tobacco Users
Definition:
High-Risk Drinking
Consumption of five or more alcohol
drinks at one sitting within the past
two weeks for both males and females.
A drink is defined as a bottle of beer,
wine cooler, glass of wine, shot glass of
liquor, or mixed drink.
Tobacco-Use
Tobacco-UseStatus
Statusand
andCurrent
CurrentMarijuana
MarijuanaUse
Use
Veterans
Veterans
14.8
14.8
Percent
Percent
12
12
6
3
0
9
6
days is higher among veterans who are tobacco users
(14.8%) compared to veterans who are non-tobacco
users (5.3%) (p<0.01).
8.6
8.6
A similar relationship between tobacco use and
current marijuana use is seen in the adjusted
5.3
5.3
3
0
Similar to the relationship between high-risk drinking
and tobacco use, the use of marijuana in the past 30
15
15
9
Tobacco
Tobacco Use
20
20
0
Non-Tobacco Users
Results
46.1
46.1
40
40
0
All Veterans
non-tobacco users (46.1% vs. 26.3%, respectively,
50
50
30
30
4.8
4
All Veterans
All Veterans
Non-Tobacco Users
Non-Tobacco Users
aggregate data from all students who completed
Tobacco Users
Tobacco Users
the survey.
Results
19
dhand Smoke Exposure—Per Week
s: Nonsmokers vs. Current Smokers
2.7% 0.9%
19.0%
The use of other illegal drugs is also associated with
tobacco use. Veterans who are tobacco users use
12.6%
illegal drugs other than marijuana at nearly one and
Tobacco-Use Status and Other Illegal
Drug Use (Not Marijuana)—Past 12 Months
Veterans
8
one-half the
rate of non-tobacco
13.6%
37.9% users (7.9% vs.
7.9
4.8%, respectively).
35.9%
The relationship between tobacco use and other
seen in
the adjusted aggregate
Nonsmokers illegal drug useCurrent
Smokers
data from all students who completed the survey is
2–6 Hours
0 Hours
similar to
that seen7 among
veterans.
Less Than 30 Minutes–1
Hour
or Morethe
Hours
6
Percent
77.4%
5.9
4.8
4
2
All Veterans
Tobacco Use
Results
0
20 Health and Health-Related Behaviors Minnesota Postsecondary Student Veterans
Non-Tobacco Users
Tobacco Users
Results
Alcohol Use
and Other Drug Use
American college students consume alcohol and other drugs at very high rates. Among full-time college
students, more than four in five (82.3%) have consumed alcohol at least one time, nearly four in five
(78.6%) have consumed alcohol in the past year, and nearly two in three (65.0%) consume alcohol
monthly.13 The rate of binge drinking (consuming five or more alcoholic beverages in a row in the
previous two weeks) peaks between ages 21 and 25 at 45.5% and is 33.3% among 18- to 20-year-olds.12
Young adults ages 18 to 22 who are enrolled in college full time are more likely than their peers who are
not enrolled in college full time to consume alcohol monthly and to binge drink.12
Approximately one-half (49.1%) of full-time college students have used an illicit drug at least once in
their lifetime, more than one-third (35.0%) of full-time college students have used an illicit drug at least
once in the past year, and approximately one in five (19.2%) full-time college students have used an illicit
drug in the last month.13 Marijuana is the illicit drug of choice for full-time college students, with nearly
half (46.8%) of students having used the drug at least once in their lifetime and almost one-third (32.7%)
having used it in the past year.13 Among full-time college students, 9.0% have used amphetamines, 3.5%
Results
have used cocaine, and 0.2% have used heroin in the previous year.13
The National Survey on Drug Use and Health, an annual survey sponsored by the Substance Abuse
Alcohol Use and Other Drug Use
and Mental Health Services Administration, examined differences in alcohol and drug use among
veterans and nonveterans in two separate reports released in November 2005. The rates of alcohol and
marijuana use were higher among veterans compared to nonveterans. The report estimated a pastmonth alcohol-use rate among veterans of 56.6%, compared to a rate of 50.8% among nonveterans,
with 22.6% of veterans also reporting they consumed five or more drinks at one sitting over that same
time period and 21.6% of nonveterans reporting having engaged in that same type of behavior.17 The
second report, which highlighted the use of marijuana and other illicit drugs, estimated the rates of
marijuana use within the past 30 days to be 3.5% among veterans and 3.0% among nonveterans. The
use of illicit drugs within the past 30 days was slightly lower among veterans than among nonveterans
(1.7% vs. 1.9%, respectively).19
21
completed the 2012 College Student Health Survey
(85.5% vs. 86.6%, respectively).
The rate for any use of alcohol within the past year is
statistically significantly higher among veterans (85.8%)
compared to the adjusted aggregate data from all
students who completed the survey (80.5%) (p<0.05).
Hi
Vet
Hi
Hig
Alcohol Use—Past 12 Months
Veterans and All Students by Gender
Alcohol Use—Past 12 Months
Vet
Vet
Veterans and
and All
All Students
Students by
by Gender
Gender
Veterans
100
100
100
80
80
80
60
66
85.8
85.8
60
60
40
85.5
85.5
80.1
80.1
86.6
86.6
81.5
81.5
40
40
20
44
33
11
00
Any alcohol use within the past year.
55
22
20
20
0
Definition:
Past-12-Month Alcohol Use
80.5
80.5
Percent
Percent
Percent
months are similar for male and female veterans who
Percent
Percent
Percent
The rates for any use of alcohol in the past 12
Females
All*
Males*
All* Veterans
All*
Females
Males*
Females
Males*
All Students—Adjusted
Data
Veterans
*StatisticallyVeterans
significant.
All Students—Adjusted
Students—Adjusted Data
Data
All
*Statistically significant.
significant.
*Statistically
Student Health Survey, the rate for alcohol use in
the past 30 days is higher, though not statistically
Current Alcohol Use
Veterans and All Students by Gender
Current Alcohol Use
Veterans and
and All
All Students
Students by
by Gender
Gender
Veterans
80
80
80
significantly different, for males compared to
report a statistically significantly higher rate of
alcohol use within the past 30 days compared to
all students who completed the survey (76.9% vs.
60
60
respectively, p<0.01).
Analysis of the adjusted aggregate data shows that
male veterans report a higher but not statistically
significantly different average number of drinks per
week compared to all males who completed the survey
(5.4 vs. 4.6, respectively). Similarly, female veterans
also report consuming a higher but not statistically
significantly different average number of drinks per
week compared to all females who completed the
survey (3.3 vs. 2.6, respectively).
69.0
69.0
76.3
76.3
68.2
68.2
B
i
Bt
B
i
in
tt
20
00
Females
All*
Males*
All* Veterans
All*
Females
Males*
Females
Males*
All Students—Adjusted
Data
Veterans
*StatisticallyVeterans
significant.
All Students—Adjusted
Students—Adjusted Data
Data
All
*Statistically significant.
significant.
*Statistically
Any alcohol use within the past 30 days.
week than female veterans consume (5.4 vs. 3.3,
77.1
77.1
40
Definition:
Current Alcohol Use
Student Health Survey consume more drinks per
68.7
68.7
40
40
0
68.7%, respectively) (p<0.01).
Male veterans who completed the 2012 College
76.9
76.9
20
20
Average Number of Drinks per Week
Veterans and All Students by Gender
Average Number of Drinks per Week
Av
Ve
Av
Veterans and
and All
All Students
Students by
by Gender
Gender
Veterans
6
Average
Number
of
Average
Number
ofDrinks
Drinks
Average
Number
of Drinks
Alcohol Use and Other Drug Use
Results
of the adjusted aggregate data shows that veterans
Percent
Percent
Percent
females (77.1% vs. 76.3%, respectively). Analysis
60
Bl
Bl
665
554
443
4.8
4.8
4.0
4.0
332
5.4
5.4
Vet
Vet
0.
4.6
4.6
221
110
00
All*
All* Veterans
All*
Veterans
*StatisticallyVeterans
significant.
0.
0.0
0.
3.3
3.3
2.6
2.6
Average
BAC
Average
BAC BAC
Average
Among veterans who completed the 2012 College
0.
0.0
0.
0.
0.0
0.
0.
0.0
0.
0.
0.0
0.
Females
0.
0.0
0.
Females
Males
Females
Males
All
Students—Adjusted
Data
0.
0.0
Males
All Students—Adjusted
Students—Adjusted Data
Data
All
*Statistically significant.
significant.
*Statistically
High-Risk Drinking
22 Health and Health-Related Behaviors Minnesota Postsecondary Veterans
Student and
Veterans
All Students by Gender
High-Risk Drinking
Veterans and
and All
All Students
Students by
by Gender
Gender
Veterans
40
Av
Vet
Av
Vet
Vet
*Statistically significant.
High-Risk Drinking
Veterans by Age Group
23.7%, respectively, p<0.05). Among all students
who completed
the 2012 College Student Health
0.15
Survey, males report a higher rate of high-risk
Analysis of the adjusted aggregate data shows
0.06
0.05
that male veterans report a higher though not
0.06
10
0.09
0.06
21.2
0.08
23.7
20
0.13
0.12
drinking compared to females (p<0.001).
0.10
28.8
0.03significantly different high-risk drinking
statistically
0
All
Females
Males
Veterans
All Students—Adjusted Data
0.04
32.0
0.08
33.3
0.05
37.5
Average BAC
Percent
30
rate compared
to that for all males who completed
0.00
23–24
18–20vs.
21–22
25–26 27–28Female
29–30 31–32 33–34 35+
the survey (37.5%
32.0%
, respectively).
Age Group
veterans report a slightly higher, though not
statistically significantly different, high-risk drinking
rate compared to all females who completed the
survey (23.7% vs. 21.2%, respectively).
High-Risk Drinking
Negative Consequences of Alcohol/Drug Use
Veterans by Age Group
Veterans and All Students
60
High-Risk
Drinking
Among veterans who completed the 2012 College
Negative Consequences of Alcohol/Drug Use Percent
Veterans by Age Group
50
and All Students
StudentVeterans
Health Survey,
the peak years for engaging
51.8
in high-risk drinking are between ages 21 and 27.
Percent
40
60
30
50
51.8
20
40
10
30
0
20
0
34.7
Among all students who completed the survey, the
30.3
peak years
for engaging in high-risk drinking are also
Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project
Negative
Due Residence
to Alcohol/Drug
between
ages
21Consequence
andWith
27. Police,
Been
in Trouble
Hall, orUse
39.2
30.3
18–20
21–22
23–24
Age Group
25–27
28+
18–20
21–22
23–24
Age Group
25–27
28+
17.6
Had a Hangover
Blood Alcohol Content
Blood
Alcohol Content
Blood alcohol content (BAC) measures the percentage of alcohol
in a person’s blood. The calculation of BAC is based on a formula
that takes into account the following factors:
• Gender
Blood
alcoholbody
content
(BAC) measures the percentage of alcohol
• Current
weight
in a person’s blood. The calculation of BAC is based on a formula
• Amount
ofaccount
alcohol consumed
(number
of drinks)
that
takes into
the following
factors:
• Time period of consumption
• Gender
• Concentration of alcohol in the beverage consumed
•(based
Currentonbody
weight content of one typical can of beer
the alcohol
alcohol)
•containing
Amount of4.5%
alcohol
consumed (number of drinks)
• Time period of consumption
• Concentration of alcohol in the beverage consumed
(based on the alcohol content of one typical can of beer
containing 4.5% alcohol)
5.2
56.5
0.9
18.9
18.2
5.2
29.6
Damaged
Property,
Pulled
Fire
Alarms,
etc.
0.9
Driven a Car While Under the Influence
14.5
Got Intoa an
Argument or Fight
18.2
Missed
Class
15.7
Got Nauseated
or Someone
Vomited I Know
29.6
Been
Criticized by
15.7
Driven
a
Car
While
Under
the
Influence
14.5
Thought I Might Have a Drinking or Other Drug Problem
9.9
Missed
a Class Loss
15.7
Had
a Memory
16.4
Been Something
Criticized byI Later
Someone
I Know
15.7
Done
Regretted
15.4
Thought
I
Might
Have
a
Drinking
or
Other
Drug
Problem
9.9
Been Arrested for DWI/DUI
2.2
Had aBeen
Memory
16.4
Have
TakenLoss
Advantage of Sexually
0.6
Done
Something
I
Later
Regretted
15.4
Havealcohol
Taken Advantage
of Another
The blood
content (BAC)
of a Sexually
student on
0.0
Been
Arrested
for DWI/DUI
2.2
Tried
Unsuccessfully
to Stop Usingoccasion
3.7
the most
recent
socializing/partying
Have Been
Taken Advantage
of Sexually
0.6
Seriously
Thought
Suicide
4.3
was calculated
based
onAbout
answers
to four different
Have Taken
Advantage
of Another
0.0
Seriously
Tried
to Commit
Suicide Sexually
0.6
survey questions (gender, current body weight,
Tried
Unsuccessfully
to
Stop
Using
3.7
Been Hurt or Injured
6.2
amountSeriously
of alcohol
consumed,
and
time
period
of
Thought About Suicide
4.3
All Students—Adjusted
Data0.6
consumption).
should
be noted
that
the
SeriouslyItTried
toVeterans
Commit
Suicide
BAC calculated
study is an estimate.
Been Hurtinorthis
Injured
6.2
Other College Authorities
Had a Hangover
Damaged Property, Pulled Fire Alarms, etc.
Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project
Got Into an Argument or Fight
Been in Trouble With Police, Residence Hall, or
Other
College Authorities
Got
Nauseated
or Vomited
3.2
48.0
0.8
14.7
12.1
3.2
23.9
0.8
14.2
12.1
13.5
23.9
14.0
14.2
7.3
13.5
13.6
14.0
16.2
7.3
1.3
13.6
1.2
16.2
0.3
1.3
2.6
1.2
2.6
0.3
0.5
2.6
4.9
2.6
0.5
4.9
Alcohol Use and Other Drug Use
10
17.6
34.7
Negative Consequence Due to Alcohol/Drug Use
39.2
Who Report
Experiencing
Within Past
12 Months
Percent
56.5
48.0
Who Report
Experiencing
18.9
Within14.7
Past
12 Months
Results
Percent
5
This information is self-reported, and students
Veterans
All Students—Adjusted Data
tend to underestimate the actual amount of
alcohol they consume.
Average Number of Negative Consequences
Veterans by Average Number of Drinks and High-Risk Drinking
Average Estimated Blood Alchol Content
Veterans and All Students by Gender
15
Results 23
Average
Number of Negative Consequences
Veterans by Average Number of Drinks and High-Risk Drinking
14.2
12
ber of
uences
2
Blood Alcohol
Content
drinkingAverage
comparedEstimated
to female veterans
(37.5% vs.
40
5
2
Male veterans report a higher rate of high-risk
Veterans and All Students by Gender
15
11.9
*Statistically significant.
Av
Vet
A
Veterans and All Students by Gender
Student
Health Survey,
the average estimated
Average Number
of Drinks
per Week
Average Estimated Blood Alchol Content
female veterans is slightly
4.6 higher than the average
5.4
4.0
estimated BAC for male veterans.
3.3
4.6
4.0
2.6
Analysis of the adjusted aggregate data shows
3.3
that the average estimated BAC level for2.6
male and
female students is similar to the average estimated
All*
Males
0
Veterans
All*
*Statistically significant.
Veterans
All Students—Adjusted Data
Females
Males
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.03
0.04
All
All
All Students—Adjusted Data
0
21.2
The adjusted aggregate data from all students who
completed the 2012 College Student Health Survey
Males
Females
show that the average estimated BAC level ranges
Veterans
All Students—Adjusted
Data
.
Females
Allfrom 0.04 to 0.11
Males
All Students—Adjusted Data
0.09
0.12
0.06
0.09
0.03
0.06
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.10 0.10
23.7
Veterans
Vet
Hi
Ve
Neg
0.12
0.15
0.08 0.08
32.0 BAC levels that exceed the
31–32 report estimated
28.8
37.5
legal driving limit of 0.08 for individuals of legal
33.3
23.7
32.0
21.2
drinking
28.8 age.
All
Hig
Veterans
by Age Group
0.15
AverageAverage
BAC BAC
Results
10
0
All Students—Adjusted Data
Average Estimated Blood Alcohol Content
range from 37.5
0.04 to 0.13. Veterans ages 21–22 and
20
10
Alcohol Use and Other Drug Use
PercentPercent
30
20
All Students—Adjusted Data
Females
Males
Veterans by Age Group
Veterans
and All Students by Gender
40
The average estimated BAC levels for veterans
33.3
Veterans
Average Estimated Blood Alcohol Content
High-Risk Drinking
40
30
Females
Males
Veterans
*Statistically significant.
Veterans and All Students by Gender
0.06
0.01
0.02
0.00
High-Risk Drinking
0.06
0.02
0.03
0.00
0.01
Females
BAC levels for male and female veterans.
0.05
Driv
Ne
Got
Dri
Perf
Go
Mis
Per
0.04 0.04
0
1
0.05
0.06
0.05 0.05
1
2
0.05
0.06
0.13 0.13
2
3
0.06
0.06 0.06
4.8
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.06 0.06
4.8
0.05
0.06
0.08 0.08
3
4
socialized, is5.4
0.06. The average estimated BAC for
0.05 0.05
4
5
Veterans and All Students by Gender
0.06
AverageAverage
BAC BAC
of Drinks
AverageAverage
NumberNumber
of Drinks
Veterans
and All Students by Gender
6
BAC, based on the last time the student partied/
5
6
Ve
Average Estimated Blood Alchol Content
Veterans and All Students
by Gender
For veterans
who completed the 2012 College
of
AverageAverage
NumberNumber
of
Negative
Consequences
Negative
Consequences
Average Number of Drinks per Week
18–20 21–22 23–24 25–26 27–28 29–30 31–32 33–34 35+
Age Group
18–20 21–22 23–24 25–26 27–28 29–30 31–32 33–34 35+
Age Group
24 Health and Health-Related Behaviors Minnesota Postsecondary Student Veterans
Mis
*The
wh
wit
*Th
wh
wi
8+
ol
la
hol
ula
Negative Consequence Due to Alcohol/Drug Use
Had a Hangover
Performed
Poorly on a Test
orto
Important
Project
Negative Consequence
Due
Alcohol/Drug
Use
Been
in
Trouble
With
Police,
Residence
Hall,
or
Had aCollege
Hangover
Other
Authorities
Performed
Poorly
a Test
or Alarms,
Important
Damaged Property,on
Pulled
Fire
etc.Project
56.5
5.2
18.9
0.9
48.0
3.2
14.7
0.8
18.2
5.2
29.6
0.9
Driven
a
Car
While
Under
the
Influence
14.5
Got Into an Argument or Fight
18.2
Missed
a Class or Vomited
15.7
Got Nauseated
29.6
Been
Criticized
by Someone
I Know
15.7
Driven
a Car While
Under the
Influence
14.5
Thought
9.9
Missed aI Might
Class Have a Drinking or Other Drug Problem
15.7
Had
a
Memory
Loss
16.4
Been Criticized by Someone I Know
15.7
Done
Something
LateraRegretted
Thought
I Might IHave
Drinking or Other Drug Problem 15.4
9.9
Been
DWI/DUI
2.2
Had aArrested
MemoryforLoss
16.4
Have
Taken Advantage
of Sexually
0.6
DoneBeen
Something
I Later Regretted
15.4
Have
Taken
Advantage
of
Another
Sexually
0.0
Been Arrested for DWI/DUI
2.2
Tried
to Stop Using
3.7
HaveUnsuccessfully
Been Taken Advantage
of Sexually
0.6
Seriously
Thought
About
Suicide
4.3
Have Taken Advantage of Another Sexually
0.0
Seriously
Tried to Commit
Suicide
0.6
Tried Unsuccessfully
to Stop
Using
3.7
Been
Hurt Thought
or InjuredAbout Suicide
6.2
Seriously
4.3
12.1
3.2
23.9
0.8
14.2
12.1
13.5
23.9
14.0
14.2
7.3
13.5
13.6
14.0
16.2
7.3
1.3
13.6
1.2
16.2
0.3
1.3
2.6
1.2
2.6
0.3
0.5
2.6
4.9
2.6
Seriously Tried to Commit Suicide
0.6
Veterans
All Students—Adjusted Data
Been Hurt or Injured
6.2
0.5
4.9
Been
in an
Trouble
With or
Police,
Got
Into
Argument
FightResidence Hall, or
Other
College
Authorities
Got
Nauseated
or Vomited
Damaged
Property,
Pulled Fire Alarms, etc.
Veterans
Alcohol/Drug-Related
Situation
14.5% report
having driven while under
the
Veterans
Percent
Response
influence, and 18.9% report performing poorly on
Very Likely
70.7
a test or project as a result of alcohol/drug use.
Somewhat
Likely
17.3
Response
Somewhat
6.2
Very LikelyUnlikely
70.7
Very
Unlikely
5.9
Somewhat Likely
17.3
Somewhat
Unlikely
All Veterans
Very Unlikely
All Veterans
Veterans6.2
Who
Did Not 5.9
Use
Alcohol Within
the Past 30 Days
Veterans Who
Did Not Use
Alcohol Within
the Past 30 Days
Veterans and All Students by Gender
15
20
All Students—Adjusted Data
10
15
5
10
15.4
12.7
15.4
12.7
12.3
All
Males
Veterans
All
0
3
14.2
11.9
0
11.9
5.0
5 or Fewer
Drinks
per Week
3.5
6 or More
Drinks
per Week
6 or More
Drinks
per Week
Non-High-Risk
3.5
Drinkers
Non-High-Risk
Drinkers
High-Risk
Drinkers
High-Risk
Drinkers
High-Risk Drinking and Selected Consequences*
Veterans
High-Risk Drinking and Selected Consequences*
Veterans
Negative Consequence
Driven a Car While Under the Influence
6.2
All Students—Adjusted Data
Females
Males
All Students—Adjusted Data
and the total
numberMarijuana
of reportedUse
negative
Current
12
Veterans
All Studentsover
by Gender
consequences
theyand
experienced
the past
12 months (p<0.001). An association also
10.6exists
Percent
14.5
6.9 29.6
between engaging in high-risk drinking within
8.6
7.9
the past two weeks
and reported negative
10.6
69
7.0
consequences (p<0.001).
8.6
7.9
36
7.0
The adjusted aggregate survey data from all
03the same relationships between
students show
All
Males
average number of drinks consumed per week,
Veterans
4.1
negative consequences.
4.8
Females
All Students—Adjusted Data
Males
Veterans
4.8
4.1
engagement in0 high-risk drinking, and reported
All
9.6
6.2
Females
9
12
14.2
5 or Fewer
Drinks
per Week
9.6
Current Marijuana Use
Veterans by Average Number of Drinks and High-Risk Drinking
5.0
13.5
and All Students
by Gender
number ofVeterans
drinks veterans
consumed
per week
Average
Number of Negative Consequences
15
3
6
13.5
12.3
A strong association exists between the average
Veterans by Average Number of Drinks and High-Risk Drinking
6
9
Alcohol Within
the Past 30 Days
Veterans Who
Did Use
Alcohol Within
the Past 30 Days
Marijuana
Use—Past 12 Months
20
Veterans
9
12
2.7
Veterans Who7.2
Did Use
9.3
4.8
Veterans and All Students by Gender
0
12
15
68.7
19.3
7.2
68.7
4.8
19.3
Marijuana Use—Past 12 Months
05
Average Number of Negative Consequences
77.3
10.7
Percent
2.7
77.3
9.3
10.7
Alcohol Use and Other Drug Use
06
Percent
Who Report
Experiencing
Within Past
12 Percent
Months
Who Report
56.5
48.0
Experiencing
Within Past
18.9
14.7
12 Months
Results
6
Veterans and All Students
Among all veterans,
15.7%
report missing
class,
Likelihood
of Calling
911 in aan
Percent Percent
+
Veterans
Negative Consequences of Alcohol/Drug Use
Percent Percent
.3
Likelihood of Calling 911 in an
Alcohol/Drug-Related Situation
Veterans and All Students
Averageof
Number of
Average Number
Consequences
Negative Negative
Consequences
3
Negative Consequences of Alcohol/Drug Use
Females
All Students—Adjusted Data
Selected Drug Use—Past 12 Months
Veterans and All Students
Selected Drug Use—Past 12 Months
Veterans and All Students
Drug
Cocaine
Results
25 Use
Percent
Who Report
Within Past 12 Months
p-value
1.2 Percent Who
1.3 Report Usens
The rates for the negative consequences identified
Average Estimated Blood Alcohol Content
Veterans by Age Group
are generally three to four times higher among
Negative Consequence
high-risk drinking. More than one-fourth (29.6%)
Driven a Car While Under the Influence
of veterans who have engaged in high-risk drinking
Got Into an Argument or Fight
have driven while under the influence of alcohol or
Performed Poorly on a Test or Important Project
0.08
0.10
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.06
drugs one or more times in the past 12 months.
0.05
0.08
0.09
0.00
compared to veterans who have not engaged in
0.13
0.12
0.03
Veterans
veterans who have engaged in high-risk drinking
0.15
0.06
High-Risk Drinking and Selected Consequences*
Higher rates are seen in the adjusted aggregate
data from the 2012 College Student Health Survey,
18–20 21–22 23–24 25–26 27–28 29–30 31–32 33–34 35+
with 31.3% ofAge
allGroup
students who engage in high-risk
Percent
Missed a Class
All Veterans
Non-High-Risk Drinkers
High-Risk Drinkers
*The rate for high-risk drinking is based on behavior in the past two weeks
while the rate for negative consequences is based on reported experiences
within the previous 12-month period.
D
C
A
S
H
O
I
E
S
G
drinking behavior also reporting they have driven
A
A
while under the influence of alcohol or drugs within
the past 12 months.
n
Negative Consequences
of Alcohol/Drug
Use call 911 when
Veterans were
asked if they would
eterans and All Students
Negative
Consequences of Alcohol/Drug Use
someone passes out due to alcohol/drug use
eterans and All Students
and they are unable to wake the individual. In an
Percent
Who
Report
example of a situation in which 911
must
be called,
Percent
Experiencing
Who
Report
Within
70.7% of all veterans report theyExperiencing
wouldPast
be “very
egative Consequence Due to Alcohol/Drug Use
12 Months
Within Past
likely”
to
call
for
emergency
assistance.
egative
Consequence Due to Alcohol/Drug Use
12 Months
ad
a Hangover
56.5
48.0
Results
ad a Hangover
56.5 14.7
48.0
erformed
Poorly on a Test or Important Project
18.9
According
to
the
adjusted
aggregate
survey
erformed
Poorly
on
a
Test
or
Important
Project
18.9
14.7data,
een in Trouble With Police, Residence Hall, or
ther College Authorities
5.2
3.2
een in Trouble With 66.8%
Police, Residence
Hall,
or
of all students report they would be “very
ther
College
Authorities
5.2
3.2
amaged Property, Pulled Fire Alarms, etc.
0.9
0.8
likely” to call for emergency assistance if they found
Alcohol Use and Other Drug Use
amaged
Pulled
Fire Alarms, etc.
0.9 12.1
0.8
ot
Into anProperty,
Argument
or Fight
18.2
someone
passed
out
due
to
alcohol/drug
use.
ot Nauseated
Into an Argument
or Fight
18.2 23.9
12.1
ot
or Vomited
29.6
29.6 14.2
23.9
14.5
14.5
14.2
15.7 13.5
Missed
a Class by Someone I Know
13.5
een Criticized
15.7 14.0
een
Criticized
by
Someone
I
Know
15.7
hought I Might Have a Drinking or Other Drug Problem
9.9 14.0
7.3
hought
I
Might
Have
a
Drinking
or
Other
Drug
Problem
9.9 13.6
7.3
ad a Memory Loss
16.4
ad aSomething
Memory Loss
16.4 16.2
13.6
one
I Later Regretted
15.4
The rate for any marijuana use within the past
one Arrested
Something
Later Regretted
15.4
een
forI DWI/DUI
2.2 16.2
1.3
12 months is 12.7% for all veterans who
een
Arrested
for
DWI/DUI
2.2
1.3
ave Been Taken Advantage of Sexually
0.6
1.2
completed
the
2012
College
Student
Health
ave Taken
Been Taken
Advantage
of Sexually
0.6
1.2Survey.
ave
Advantage
of Another
Sexually
0.0
0.3
This
rate
is slightly
ave
Taken Advantage
of
Another
Sexuallyhigher though not
0.0 statistically
0.3
ied Unsuccessfully
to
Stop
Using
3.7
2.6
ied
Unsuccessfully
to
Stop
Using
3.7
2.6
significantly
different
than
the
past-12-month
eriously Thought About Suicide
4.3
eriously Tried
Thought
About
Suicide
4.3all students
2.6
eriously
to Commit
Suicide
0.6
0.5
marijuana-use
rate reported among
in
eriously
to Commit Suicide
0.6
0.5
een HurtTried
or Injured
6.2
4.9
the adjusted aggregate data.
een Hurt or Injured
6.2
4.9
Likelihood of Calling 911 in an
Alcohol/Drug-Related
Situation
Likelihood of Calling 911
in an
Veterans
Alcohol/Drug-Related Situation
Veterans
Response
Response
Very
Likely
Very Likely Likely
Somewhat
Somewhat Unlikely
Likely
Somewhat
Somewhat
Unlikely
Very
Unlikely
Very Unlikely
All Veterans
All Veterans
ot Nauseated
or Vomited
riven
a Car While
Under the Influence
riven
a
Car
While
Under the Influence
issed a Class
Veterans
All Students—Adjusted Data
Veterans
All Students—Adjusted Data
Definition:
Past-12-Month Marijuana Use
Any marijuana use within the past year.
15
15
14.2
Percent
Percent
77.3
70.7
70.7
17.3
17.3
6.2
6.2
5.9
5.9
Veterans Who
Did Not Use
VeteransWithin
Who
Alcohol
Did Past
Not Use
the
30 Days
Alcohol Within
the Past 30 Days
77.3
10.7
10.7
2.7
2.7
9.3
9.3
68.7
68.7
19.3
19.3
7.2
7.2
4.8
4.8
Veterans Who
Did Use
VeteransWithin
Who
Alcohol
Did Past
Use 30 Days
the
Alcohol Within
the Past 30 Days
Marijuana Use—Past 12 Months
Veterans and All Students by Gender
Marijuana Use—Past 12 Months
Veterans and All Students by Gender
Percent
Percent
20
20
15
15
10
10
12.7
12.7
12.3
12.3
15.4
15.4
5
5
0
0
12
12
13.5
13.5
6.2
6.2
All
All
Veterans
Veterans
9.6
9.6
Females
Males
Females
Males
All Students—Adjusted Data
All Students—Adjusted Data
Average Number of Negative Consequences
Current Marijuana Use
Veterans by Average Number of Drinks and High-Risk Drinking
Average Number of Negative Consequences
Veterans and All Students by Gender
Marijuana Use
Veterans by 26
Average
Number
Drinks and High-Risk
DrinkingMinnesota Postsecondary Current
Health
andofHealth-Related
Behaviors
Student Veterans
Veterans and All Students by Gender
es
14.5 6.9 29.6
18.2 10.2 34.3
18.9 13.0 30.8
15.7 10.2 26.9
CurrentMarijuana
MarijuanaUse
Use
Current
Veterans and All Students by Gender
different compared to the rate obtained from the
adjusted aggregate data from all students who
10.6
10.6
Percent
Percent
99
66
8.6
8.6
7.0
7.0
completed the 2012 College Student Health Survey
(8.6% vs. 7.0%).
7.9
7.9
4.8
4.8
4.1
4.1
33
Definition:
Current Marijuana Use
Any marijuana use within the past 30 days.
00
All
All
Veterans
Veterans
Females
Females
Males
Males
AllStudents—Adjusted
Students—AdjustedData
Data
All
SelectedDrug
DrugUse—Past
Use—Past12
12Months
Months
Selected
Veterans and All Students
The illicit drugs most commonly used by veterans
Veterans and All Students
are sedatives (5.2%) and cocaine (1.2%). Among
veterans, 5.9% report having used at least one of
PercentWho
WhoReport
ReportUse
Use
Percent
WithinPast
Past12
12Months
Months
Within
Drug
Drug
Cocaine
Cocaine
1.3
1.3
0.5
0.5
2.8
2.8
0.9
0.9
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.7
0.7
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
LeastOne
Oneofofthe
the
AtAtLeast
AboveDrugs
Drugs
Above
5.9
5.9
5.0
5.0
Amphetamines
Amphetamines
Sedatives
Sedatives
Hallucinogens
Hallucinogens
Opiates
Opiates
Inhalants
Inhalants
Ecstasy
Ecstasy
Veterans
Veterans
nsns
the nine listed illicit drugs. In addition, 3.4% of
veterans report using another person’s
prescription drugs.
nsns
<0.05
<0.05
nsns
nsns
nsns
nsns
Among all students, 5.0% report having used at
least one of the listed illicit drugs within the past
12 months. In addition, 3.1% of students report
Alcohol Use and Other Drug Use
Steroids
Steroids
GHB/Rohypnol
GHB/Rohypnol
1.2
1.2
0.6
0.6
5.2
5.2
0.6
0.6
0.3
0.3
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
p-value
p-value
Results
ers
rs
slightly higher though not statistically significantly
12
12
k
s
9.6
.6
4.3
.3
0.8
.8
6.9
.9
The current marijuana-use rate among veterans is
Veterans and All Students by Gender
using another person’s prescription drugs.
nsns
nsns
nsns
AllStudents—Adjusted
Students—AdjustedData
Data
All
Notstatistically
statisticallysignificant.
significant.
Not
ns
ns
Results
27
Results
Alcohol Use and Other Drug Use
28 Health and Health-Related Behaviors Minnesota Postsecondary Student Veterans
Results
Personal Safety
and Financial Health
Though many efforts are made to reduce violence and victimization on campus, these unfortunate
events still occur. Current data show that almost one in six (17.6%) women and one in 33 (3.0%) men in
the United States have been victims of rape or attempted rape in their lifetime.20 Based on estimates by
the National Institute of Justice, 20.0% of American women experience rape or attempted rape while in
college, but fewer than 5.0% of college rape victims report the incident to the police.21
According to the 2006 Gender Relations Survey of Active Duty Members, 6.8% of female active-duty
members and 1.8% of male active-duty members reported experiencing unwanted sexual contact.22
Of the active-duty members who indicated experiencing unwanted sexual contact, 16% of women and
16% of men sought professional help and 21% of women and 22% of men discussed the incident with an
authority or organization but the majority (79% of women and 78% of men) chose not to report it.22
Financial health is another area of concern. According to the U.S. Department of Education, the average
price of college attendance was $14,000 for all undergraduates and $22,400 for all full-time, full-year
undergraduate students during the 2007–2008 school year.23 In 2007–2008, 65.6% of all undergraduates
received some type of financial aid, and the average amount of aid received was $9,100.23 Nearly two
in five (38.5%) undergraduate students borrowed money through a school loan, and the average loan
Results
amount was $7,100.23 More than four in five (84.0%) college students in the United States have at least
one credit card, and one-half (50.0%) have four or more credit cards.13 The average credit card debt per
U.S. college student is $3,173.24
Personal Safety and Financial Health
Gambling represents one possible obstacle to achieving and maintaining financial health. Gambling is a
form of entertainment for many people. Approximately 68.0% of the U.S. adult population has gambled
legally within the past year, and more than two-fifths (41.9%) of college students report participating in
some type of gambling activity in the previous school year.25,26 However, for some individuals, gambling
becomes a problem. Nationally, between 1.6% and 3.4% of the general population may experience a
gambling problem within their lifetime.27 The rate of problem gambling is even higher among veterans
of a similar age, especially among veterans being treated for post-traumatic stress disorder.27
29
Based on data from the 2012 College Student
Sexual Assault—Lifetime
Veterans
All Students by Gender
Sexual and
Assault—Lifetime
Veterans and All Students by Gender
Health Survey, female veterans report
experiencing sexual assault within their lifetime
Sexual assault is defined as answering yes to at least one of the
following
two questions:
Sexual assault
is defined as answering yes to at least one of the
following two questions:
Within your lifetime, have you:
Within
your lifetime,
have
you:
• Experienced
actual
or attempted
sexual intercourse
your actual
consent
against your
will?
• without
Experienced
oror
attempted
sexual
intercourse
without youractual
consent
against your
will?
• Experienced
or or
attempted
sexual
touching
your actual
consent
against your
will?
• without
Experienced
oror
attempted
sexual
touching
without your consent or against your will?
40
40
39.6
at a higher rate than male veterans (39.6% vs.
9.3%, respectively, p<0.001).
Analysis of the adjusted aggregate data shows that
female veterans report experiencing sexual assault
within their lifetime at a higher rate than all female
students who completed the survey (39.6% vs.
Percent
Percent
27.4%, respectively, p<0.05).
39.6
30
30
20
20
10
10
27.4
27.4
18.3
18.3
0
0
12.7
12.7
All*
All*
Veterans
Veterans
*Statistically significant.
*Statistically significant.
The past-12-month rate for experiencing a sexual
assault is higher but not statistically significantly
9.3
9.3
6.7
6.7
Males
Females*
Males
Females*
All Students—Adjusted Data
All Students—Adjusted Data
Sexual Assault—Past 12 Months
Veterans
All Students by 12
Gender
Sexual and
Assault—Past
Months
Veterans and All Students by Gender
Sexual assault is defined as answering yes to at least one of the
following
two questions:
Sexual assault
is defined as answering yes to at least one of the
following two questions:
Within the past 12 months, have you:
Within
the past 12
months,
have you:sexual intercourse
• Experienced
actual
or attempted
your actual
consent
against your
will?
• without
Experienced
oror
attempted
sexual
intercourse
without youractual
consent
against your
will?
• Experienced
or or
attempted
sexual
touching
your actual
consent
against your
will?
• without
Experienced
oror
attempted
sexual
touching
without your consent or against your will?
4
4
Percent
Percent
Personal Safety and Financial Health
Results
veterans (3.2% vs. 0.5%, respectively).
3
3
3.2
3.2
2
2
1
1
0
0
1.5
1.5
1.3
1.3
All
All
Veterans
Veterans
0.5
0.5
2.9
2.9
0.9
0.9
Males
Females
Males
Females
All Students—Adjusted Data
All Students—Adjusted Data
Domestic Violence—Lifetime
Veterans
and Violence—Lifetime
All Students by Gender
Domestic
Veterans and All Students by Gender
Student violence
Veteransis defined as answering yes to at least one of
30 Health and Health-Related Behaviors Minnesota Postsecondary Domestic
the following two questions:
Domestic violence is defined as answering yes to at least one of
the following two questions:
Within your lifetime, have you:
Within
your
lifetime,
haveor
you:
• Been
slapped,
kicked,
pushed by your significant
Percent
Percent
different among female veterans compared to male
Perc
Am
Sexual
Victim
Repo
Ass
39.0%
Based on data from the 2012 College Student
Reported the
Domestic Violence—Lifetime
Veterans and All Students by Gender
Assault to*
61.0%
Health Survey, female
veterans report experiencing
34
Health Care Provider
domestic violence within their lifetime at a higher
Domestic violence is defined as answering yes to at least one of
the following two questions:
Within your lifetime, have you:
• Been slapped, kicked, or pushed by your significant
other or spouse/partner?
• Been hurt by threats, “put-downs,” or yelling by
your significant other or spouse/partner?
Campus Sexual
Violence Office
respectively, p<0.001).
0
39
65
Other
Analysis of the adjusted aggregate data shows
that female veterans report experiencing domestic
Did Not Report Sexual As
Reported Sexual Assault
violence within their lifetime at a higher, though
*Veterans may have reported incident to individuals in more than one
40
Percent
0
Police
50
not statistically significantly different, rate than all
43.8
female students who completed the survey (43.8%
34.6
30
20
Hall Director or
rate than male veterans (43.8% vs. 22.0%, Community Adviser
28.5
24.5
22.0
vs. 34.6%, respectively).
20.4
10
0
All
Males
Veterans
Females
All Students—Adjusted Data
Domestic Violence—Past 12 Months
The past-12-month rate for experiencing domestic
Veterans and All Students by Gender
violence is higher though not statistically significantly
different among female veterans compared to male
Domestic violence is defined as answering yes to at least one of
the following two questions:
veterans (13.8% vs. 9.7%, respectively).
Results
Within the past 12 months, have you:
• Been slapped, kicked, or pushed by your significant
other or spouse/partner?
• Been hurt by threats, “put-downs,” or yelling by
your significant other or spouse/partner?
Personal Safety and Financial Health
15
13.8
Percent
12
9
12.2
11.2
10.4
9.7
9.6
6
3
0
All
Males
Veterans
Females
All Students—Adjusted Data
Firearm Access
Veterans
34.6%
Depression Diagnosis—Lifetime
71.
71.
71.
10.
Handgun
65.4%
Veterans by Sexual Assault/Domestic Violence
Type of Firearm
Percent A
Students
Firearm A
Rifle
Shotgun
Other
50
rcent
40
30
44.1
43.5
Firearm Access
Results
31
No Firearm Access
al Assault—Past 12 Months
Depression Diagnosis—Lifetime
ns and All Students by Gender
Veterans by Sexual Assault/Domestic Violence
exual Assault—Past 12 Months
assaultand
is defined
as
answering
to at leastdiagnosis
one of thewithin their
eterans
All Students
by
Gender
The
rates
ofyes
depression
ing two questions:
50Depression Diagnosis—Lifetime
Veterans by Sexual Assault/Domestic Violence
thin the past 12 months, have you:
being
victimssexual
ofyes
sexual
(44.1%
• Experienced
or attempted
intercourse
exual
assault isactual
defined
as answering
to atassault
least one
of the ) and
withouttwo
yourquestions:
consent or against your will?
llowing
veterans who report being victims of domestic
• Experienced actual or attempted sexual touching
Within the
12 months,
haveyour
you:
without
yourpast
consent
or against
violence
(43.5%)will?
than for veterans who have
• Experienced actual or attempted sexual intercourse
without your consent
or
against
your
will?assault or domestic
not experienced sexual
• Experienced actual or attempted sexual touching
violence
21.7%your
). This
same relationship between
without your consent
or(against
will?
40
experiencing sexual assault
3.2 or domestic violence
2.9
and depression diagnosis is seen in the adjusted
4
aggregate data from all students who completed
3.2
2.9
the 2012 College Student Health Survey.
0.5
0.9
3
2
1.5
1.3
1.5
All
1.3
1
Veterans
0
Males
Percent
30
20
Percent
lifetime are higher for both veterans who report
10
0
44.1
43.5
50
40
44.1
30
20
21.7
Have Not Experienced Sexual Assault—
10Sexual Assault/
Within Lifetime
Domestic Violence
0
43.5
21.7
Domestic Violence—
Within Lifetime
Have Not Experienced Sexual Assault—
Within Lifetime
Sexual Assault/
Domestic Violence
Domestic Violence—
Within Lifetime
Females
0.5
0.9
All Students—Adjusted
Data
All
Males
Females
Veterans
All Students—Adjusted
Data
Of the veterans
who indicate they
have experienced
stic Violence—Past
12assault
Months
a sexual
within their lifetime (18.3%),
Sexual Assault Reporting by Victims—Lifetime
Veterans: Sexual Assault Victims
s and All Students by Gender
approximately two in five (39.0%) state they reported
the incident. Of the veterans who reported the
Sexual Assault Reporting by Victims—Lifetime
Veterans: Sexual Assault Victims
tic violence is defined
as answering
yesreported
to at leastitone
of police and 34.8%
incident,
39.1%
to the
owing two questions:
39.0%
estic Violence—Lifetime
reported
it to a health care provider.
hin
the past
12 months,
have you:
ns and
All Students
by Gender
Been slapped, kicked, or pushed by your significant
other or spouse/partner?
According
to the
adjusted
omestic
Violence—Lifetime
Been
hurt by
threats,
“put-downs,”
or yelling
by aggregate survey data,
stic
is Students
defined
as
answering
eterans
and All
by
Gender yes to at least one of
yourviolence
significant
other
or
spouse/partner?
among all students who report they have experienced
lowing two questions:
50
Personal Safety and Financial Health
Results
a sexual
thin your lifetime, have
you: assault within their lifetime (12.7%), only
•omestic
Been slapped,
kicked,
or
by your
significant
34.6%pushed
indicate
theyyes
reported
the
incident.
violence is defined
as
answering
to at least
one
of
13.8
or spouse/partner?
eother
following
two questions:
12.2
• Been
hurt by threats, “put-downs,” or yelling by
11.2
Within
your lifetime,
have you:
your
significant
10.4 other or spouse/partner?
9.7 or pushed
9.6 by your significant
• Been slapped, kicked,
other or spouse/partner?
• Been hurt by threats, “put-downs,” or yelling by
your significant other or spouse/partner?
20
10
0
39.0%
61.0%
34.6
24.5
Veterans
28.5
Males
Females
43.8
22.0
20.4
All Students—Adjusted
Data
65.2
Other in more than one category.
*Veterans may have reported incident to individuals
Males
Did Not Report Sexual Assault
Reported Sexual Assault
*Veterans may have reported incident to individuals in more than one category.
34.6
More than one-third (34.6%) of veterans report
24.5
22.0
they have
immediate
20.4 access to a firearm, 37.9%
All
Did Not Report Sexual Assault
39.1
Police
Reported Sexual Assault
43.8
40 28.5All
30
61.0%
Percent
Among
Sexual Assault
Victims Who
Reported
Reported the
Percent
Assault
Assault to*
Among
34.8 Assault
Health Care Provider
Sexual
Victims Who
Hall Director
Reported
Reportedorthe
0.0
Community
Adviser
Assault
Assault to*
Campus
Sexual
Health
Care Provider
0.034.8
Violence Office
Hall Director or
Police
Community Adviser 39.1 0.0
65.2
Other
Campus Sexual
0.0
Violence Office
Firearm Access
Veterans
Females
for males and 25.8% for females. The adjusted
Veterans
All Students—Adjusted Data
aggregate survey data show that 21.6% of all
All
Maleshaving immediate
Females
students report
access to a
Veterans
firearm.
n Diagnosis—Lifetime
34.6%
All Students—Adjusted Data
Handgun
65.4%
exual Assault/Domestic Violence
Type of Firearm
Rifle
Among those who report having access to a firearm,
Shotgun
veterans report a higher rate of access to a handgun
Other
compared to all students who completed the survey
44.1
43.5
(71.2% vs. 55.6%, respectively, p<0.01).
Firearm Access
21.7
32 Health and Health-Related Behaviors Minnesota Postsecondary Student Veterans
ot Experienced Sexual Assault—
Within Lifetime
ual Assault/
stic Violence
Domestic Violence—
Within Lifetime
Percent Among
Students With
Firearm Access
No Firearm Access
71.2
71.2
71.2
10.8
$5,000 or
Physical Fight—Past 12 Months
PhysicalandFight—Past
Months
Veterans
All Students by12
Gender
The rate of engaging in a physical fight within the
Veterans and All Students by Gender
8
8
significantly different among male veterans
compared to female veterans (7.5% vs. 3.1%,
7.5
7.5
6.2
6.2
4.7
4.7
4
4
respectively).
5.7
5.7
Veterans
The rate of engaging in a physical fight within the
3.1
3.1
2
2
0
0
Credit Card Debt and Class Status
Credit Card Debt and Class Status
Veterans
Number of Years Enrolled
2.4
2.4
Females
Males
Females
Males
All Students—Adjusted Data
All Students—Adjusted Data
All
All
Veterans
Veterans
Number of Years Enrolled
50 though not statistically
past 12 months is higher
50
significantly different among veterans than among
40
40 aggregate survey data
all students in the adjusted
30
(6.2% vs. 4.7%, respectively).
30
Percent
Percent
Percent
Percent
6
6
past 12 months is higher though not statistically
20
20
10
10
All Students
17.2
17.2
8.9
8.9
12.1
12.1
61.8
61.8
60
60
40
40
43.4
43.4
12.3
12.3
20.8
20.8
36.0
36.0
Individual Sports
Bicycle Related
Falls
Other
Not Applicable—I Was Not Injured
11.0
11.0
7.2
7.2
1
1
2
3
2
3
Undergraduate
Veterans
Undergraduate
report experiencing at least one injury
over the
1.2
4.3
3.7
4.9
6.2
0.6
5.9
13.6
69.1
All Students—Adjusted Data
1.4
4.5
2.2
5.9
6.0
1.0
7.4
12.7
69.0
past 12 months. The injuries most commonly
reported during this period are due to individual
17.9%
sports and falls.
47.5%
Amount Spent
22.2%
Analysis of the adjusted aggregate
data from the
Percent Am
Veterans
Who Repo
Gamblin
56.1
32.5
11.4
$1–$24
2012 College Student Health Survey indicates
that
$25–$99
31.0% of all students report experiencing at$100
least
or More
one injury over the past 12 months.
More Than Once per Month
Once per Month
2–6 Times per Year
Once per Year
Never
Results
26.7
26.7
4
5+
4
5+
Master’s, Gradu
Master’s, Gradu
Professional
Pro
Professional Pro
%
6.5
5.9%
Team Sports
22.6
22.6
25.0
25.0
Personal Safety and Financial Health
Motor Vehicle Related
25
25
20
20
15
15
10
10
5
5
0
0
Months
ApproximatelyGambling—Past
one-third (30.9%)12
of veterans
Percent Who Report
Experiencing Within
Past 12 Months
Burned by a Fire or Hot Substance
Number of Years Enrolled
30 on the vehicle.
or most of the time while
Results
Texting
Texting
While
Driving
While Driving
Veterans and All Students
Assaulted by Another Person (Nonsexual)
Veterans
47.8% of all students who rode a motorized two30
Motorized Two-Wheeled
Motorized
Two-Wheeled
Vehicle Helmet
Use
Vehicle Helmet Use
Always
Always
Most of the Time
Most of the Time
Sometimes
Sometimes
Never
Never
Type of Injury
According to the adjusted
aggregate
survey data,
Student
Loan Balance
and Class Status
Veterans
Number
of Years Enrolled
wheeled vehicle report they wear a helmet
always
Injuries—Past 12 Months
Veterans
report texting sometimes, most of the time, or
Student Loan Balance and Class Status
23.6
23.6
Bicycle
Bicycle
Helmet
Use
Helmet Use
vehicle. About two-thirds (64.0%) of veterans
always while driving.
20
20
0
0
4
5+
4
5+
Master’s, Gradu
Master’s, Gradu
Professional
Pro
Professional Pro
a helmet always or most of the time while on the
Percent
Percent
Percent
Percent
80
80
1
1
a motorized two-wheeled vehicle report they wear
2.6
2.6
6.0
6.0
55.4
55.4
24.4
24.4
5.5
5.5
2
3
2
3
Undergraduate
More than one-half (55.7%) of veterans
who rode
Undergraduate
Transportation Safety—Past 12 Months
Transportation
Safety—Past 12 Months
All
Students
100
100
20.7
20.7
14.4
14.4
0
0
28.3
28.3
33
rm Access
ns
m Access
s
More than one-half (52.9%) of all veterans
Percent
Amongcard debt
report carrying some level
of credit
Students
With
Percent
Among
34.6%over the
Firearm
Typepast
of Firearm
Students
month, which
is Access
aWith
rate similar to
34.6%
Type of Firearm Firearm Access
Handgun
71.2
that found in the adjusted aggregate
survey
Handgun
71.2
Rifle
71.2
dataRifle
among all students (47.6%). Among those
71.2
Shotgun
71.2
whoShotgun
report carrying some monthly
credit card
71.2
Other
10.8
debt,Other
veterans report a higher
rate
of
carrying
10.8
65.4%
5.4%
Current Credit Card Debt
Veterans Credit Card Debt
Current
Veterans
4.1%
4.1%
24.8%
24.8%
22.3%
22.3%
a debt of $3,000 per month or more compared
Firearm Access
No Firearm Access
Firearm Access
No Firearm
Access
to all students
(38.6%
vs. 19.2%, respectively,
p<0.001).
22.2%
22.2%
52.9%
52.9%
25.2%
25.2%
$1–$99
$1–$99
$100–$999
$100–$999
$1,000–$2,999
$1,000–$2,999
$3,000–$4,999
Credit Card Debt
Credit Card Debt
No Credit Card Debt—
PayCredit
in FullCard
EachDebt—
Month
No
Pay
FullHave
Eacha Month
Doin
Not
Credit Card
Definition:
Current Credit Card Debt
32.2%
32.2%
16.4%
16.4%
Do Not Have a Credit Card
$3,000–$4,999
$5,000 or More
$5,000 or More
Any unpaid balance at the end of the
past month.
Fight—Past 12 Months
nd All Students by
Fight—Past
12Gender
Months
d All Students by Gender
7.5
7.5
6.2
.2
5.7monthly credit card debt of $3,000
The rate of
5.7
or more for veterans who completed the 2012
4.7
4.7
College Student Health Survey was lowest among
3.1
3.1 enrolled
2.4 four years (5.5%)
undergraduate students
2.4
and highest among students enrolled in a master’s,
Females
graduate,
program (45.4%).
Males or professional
Veterans
Veterans
Results
Veterans
Females
Males
All Students—Adjusted Data
All Students—Adjusted Data
The adjusted aggregate data from all students who
completed the survey show that the rate of monthly
Personal Safety and Financial Health
30
30
20
20
10
10
0
0
among undergraduate students enrolled four years
to 28.7%
students enrolled in a master’s,
rtation Safety—Past
12 among
Months
s
tation
Safety—Past
12 Months
graduate,
or professional program.
14.4
14.4
1
1
20.7
20.7
28.3
28.3
24.4
24.4
5.5
5.5
2
3
2
3
Undergraduate
Undergraduate
4
5+
4
5+
Master’s, Graduate, or
Professional
Program
Master’s,
Graduate,
or
Professional Program
2.6
2.6
6.0
6.0
55.4
55.4
A monthly debt of $3,000 or more.
12.3
12.3
20.8
20.8
23.6
23.6
Motorized Two-Wheeled
VehicleTwo-Wheeled
Helmet Use
Motorized
Vehicle Helmet Use
Always
Always
Most of the Time
Most
of the Time
Sometimes
Sometimes
Never
Never
36.0
36.0
Student Loan Balance and Class Status
Veterans Loan Balance and Class Status
Student
Veterans
Texting
While
Driving
Texting
While Driving
Percent
Percent
Bicycle
Helmet
BicycleUse
Helmet Use
43.4
Definition:
43.4
Credit Card Debt
45.4
45.4
40
40
credit card debt of $3,000 or more ranges from 16.6%
17.2
17.2
8.9
8.9
12.1
12.1
61.8
61.8
Number of Years Enrolled
Number of Years Enrolled
50
50
Percent
Percent
All
All
Credit Card Debt and Class Status
VeteransCard Debt and Class Status
Credit
30
30
25
25
20
20
15
15
10
10
5
5
0
0
Number of Years Enrolled
Number of Years Enrolled
22.6
22.6
7.2
7.2
1
25.0
25.0
26.7
26.7
18.2
18.2
11.0
11.0
2
3
2
3
Undergraduate
Undergraduate
1
34 Health and Health-Related Behaviors Minnesota Postsecondary Student Veterans
4
5+
4
5+
Master’s, Graduate, or
Professional
Program
Master’s,
Graduate,
or
Professional Program
Student Loan Balance and Class Status
The percentage of veterans who report a student
Veterans
loan balance of $20,000 or more increases from
25
Percent
7.2% among undergraduate students enrolled one
year to 26.7% among undergraduate students
Number of Years Enrolled
30
22.6
20
25.0
18.2
15
10
5
0
enrolled five or more years.
26.7
completed the survey show that the rate of carrying
a student loan balance of $20,000 or more ranges
11.0
from 9.5% among undergraduate students enrolled
7.2
1
The adjusted aggregate data from all students who
2
4
3
Undergraduate
one year to 41.1% among students enrolled in a
5+
master’s, graduate, or professional program.
Master’s, Graduate, or
Professional Program
Definition:
Student Loan Balance
A student loan balance of $20,000 or more.
Gambling—Past 12 Months
More than one-half (52.5%) of veterans who
Veterans
completed the 2012 College Student Health
Survey report engaging in gambling over the past
12 months. According to the adjusted aggregate
17.9%
47.5%
22.2%
Amount Spent
Percent Among
Veterans
Who Report
Gambling
%
6.5
5.9%
$25–$99
$100 or More
Once per Month
2–6 Times per Year
Once per Year
Never
not statistically significantly different, rate as all
students who completed the survey (52.5% vs.
45.2%, respectively).
Personal Safety and Financial Health
More Than Once per Month
56.1
32.5
11.4
over the past 12 months at a higher, though
Results
$1–$24
survey data, veterans report engaging in gambling
Among those who report gambling within the past
12 months, 11.4% of veterans, compared to 11.3%
of all students who completed the survey, report
spending $100 or more per month.
Results
35
Results
Personal Safety and Financial Health
36 Health and Health-Related Behaviors Minnesota Postsecondary Student Veterans
Results
Nutrition and Physical Activity
Research shows that young adults in the United States generally eat fewer fruits and vegetables but are
more physically active compared to older adults.3 Young adults between the ages of 18 and 24 (20.3%)
are slightly less likely than all adults (23.4%) to eat fruits and vegetables five or more times per day.3
Young adults between the ages of 18 and 27 report consuming breakfast an average of 3.1 days per
week and consuming fast food an average of 2.5 days per week.28 The rate of obesity among young
adults ages 18 to 24 is 16.7%.3
Nationwide, 83.7% of young adults between the ages of 18 and 24 compared to 76.1% of all adults
report participating in at least one physical activity during the last month.3 Approximately three out of
five (61.4%) 18- to 24-year-olds report engaging in at least 30 minutes of moderate physical activity five
or more days per week or at least 20 minutes of vigorous physical activity three or more days per week;
for all adults, the rate is 49.0%.3
According to data from the 2003 and 2004 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys, 28.3%
of veterans had a body mass index (BMI) that placed them in the normal weight category, 23.9% were
obese, and 47.6% were overweight. After adjustment for age, gender, race, education, and smoking
status, obesity prevalence in veterans and nonveterans was similar.29 Only 37.4% of overweight veterans
and 65.5% of obese veterans reported they were trying to lose weight.29 When adjusted for age, gender,
diabetes, and personal doctor status, the rates for trying to lose weight were similar among veterans
and nonveterans.29
Among those who completed the 2003 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey, when
adjusted for age and gender, more veterans than nonveterans reported engaging in at least 30 minutes
Results
of moderate physical activity five or more days per week or at least 20 minutes of vigorous physical
activity three or more days per week (46.0% vs. 42.0%, p<0.001).30
Nutrition and Physical Activity
37
Body mass index (BMI) is a common and reliable
BMI Category
indicator of body fatness. BMI equals the weight in
BMI Category
31
based on BMI ranges.
More than two out of three (70.9%) veterans who
completed the 2012 College Student Health Survey
fall within the overweight and obese/extremely
obese categories compared to 65.8% of all
BMI Range
Weight Category
Less
18.5
BMIThan
Range
18.5–24.9
Less Than 18.5
Underweight
Weight Category
Normal
Weight
Underweight
25.0–29.9
18.5–24.9
30.0–39.9
25.0–29.9
40
30
Percent
Percent
B
UB
U
Overweight
Normal Weight
Obese
Overweight
40.0
and Greater Extremely
30.0–39.9
Obese Obese
40
40.0 and Greater Extremely Obese
students who completed the survey. Calculated BMI
is based on self-reported height and weight.
V
Veterans and All Students
kilograms divided by the height in meters squared
(BMI = kg/m2). This table presents weight categories
W
Veterans and All Students
32.9
In
39.5
39.5
28.5 32.9
28.5
30
20
35.1
35.1
*
31.4 30.7
31.4 30.7
20
10
10
0
0
0.6
1.3
0.6 1.3
Underweight
Normal
Overweight
Obese/
Weight
Extremely Obese
Underweight
Normal
Overweight
Obese/
Extremely
VeteransWeightAll Students—Adjusted
Data Obese
Veterans
BMI Category
The average body mass index for male veterans
is 28.8 compared to 26.5 for female veterans
Veterans by Gender
BMI Category
50
40
According to the adjusted aggregate survey data
40
30
30
20
20
10
10
0
among students who completed the 2012 College
0
Student Health Survey, the average BMI for all
42.1
42.0
42.1
42.0 33.7
34.8
33.7
34.8
22.8
0.4
Ve
1.1
0.4
Underweight
Underweight
Normal
Weight
Normal
Weight
Males
Males
Overweight
Obese/
Extremely Obese
Overweight
Obese/
Extremely Obese
Females
B
Ve
B
Females
V
Percent
27.2 (p<0.001).
23.1
23.1
22.8
1.1
males is 28.4, and the average BMI for all females is
Weight-Related Behaviors
Veterans by Gender
Weight-Related Behaviors
Veterans by Gender
20
20
15
Percent
Percent
Results
Nutrition and Physical Activity
overweight or obese/extremely obese categories.
Percent
Percent
overweight category. More than three-fourths
half (56.8%) of female veterans fall within the
B
Veterans by Gender
50
(p<0.001). Both these averages fall within the
(76.8%) of male veterans and more than one-
Ve
Percent
Percent
All Students—Adjusted Data
Bi
17.5
17.5
15
10
10
8.2
38 Health and Health-Related Behaviors Minnesota Postsecondary Student
Veterans
5
5
0
2.6
8.2
7.5
7.5
7.2
0.8
0.8
7.2
Percent
5
of the following activities in an attempt to control their
weight: laxative0 use, diet pill use, and induced vomiting.
20
Underweight*
17.5
15
Normal
Weight
Overweight
Obese/
Extremely Ob
*Insufficient data.
Compared to male
veterans, female veterans report
Percent
engaging in laxative use, diet pill use, and induced
10
vomiting at statistically significantly higher rates (p<0.05,
8.2
5
0
7.5
7.2
0.8
2.6
Use Laxatives*
Use Diet Pills*
Males
p<0.05, and p<0.01, respectively). Among all students
who completed the 2012 College Student Health Survey,
females engage in laxative use, diet pill use, and induced
Induce Vomiting*
vomiting at statistically significantly higher rates than
males (p<0.001).
Meal Patterns
Females
Veterans by BMI Category
*Statistically significant.
Percent
Behavior
Breakfast Consumption (Past 7 Days)
9.9 Day
8.7
0 Days
per Week
*
Fruit
and Vegetable Consumption—Per
Veterans
by Gender
25.3 29.4
1–3 Days
per Week
*
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption—Per
Day
Weight-Related Behaviors
Veterans by BMI Category
Weight-Related Behaviors
Behavior
Percent
Induce
Use
Diet Vomiting
Pills
*
**
**
Induce Vomiting
*
UseLaxatives
Diet Pills
Use
Underweight
Normal
Weight
Underweight
Normal Weight
*Insufficient data.
4.4Percent 4.0
8.8
11.9
4.4
4.0
4.4
1.6
8.8
11.9
4.4
Overweight
4.0
10.0
4.0
3.0
10.0
1.6
Obese/Extremely Obese
Overweight
Obese/Extremely Obese
*Insufficient data.
3.0
14.6vomiting.
highest rates of100
laxative use and induced
1–2 Times per Month or Less
*
80
14.6
The highestOnce
rateper
of diet
pill use is found
among
83.2
Week or More
*
80
veterans within
category.
83.2
Eat atthe
Restaurant
(Past 12
Months)
60 overweight
61.9
21.9
62.6 50.0
21.9
37.4 50.0
76.0
Percent
Percent
Veterans by BMI Category
Use Laxatives
Behavior
64.8
Gender
4–7Veterans
Days perby
Week
Veterans classified as normal weight report the *
100
Fast Food Consumption (Past 12 Months)
76.0
69.2 58.7
1–2 Times
60 per Month or Less
*
40
30.8 41.3
per Weekaggregate
or More data from the*
Analysis of Once
the adjusted
40
2012 College Student
20 Health Survey shows that
Overweight
Underweight
students classified
obeseObese/Extremely
report
20 as obese/extremely
Normal Weight 2.2
2.1 Obese
0
the highest rate of diet pill use, while Males
students
2.2
2.1
Females
*Insufficient
0 data.
classified as underweight report the Males
highest
rates Times
of Females
5 or More
per Day
laxative use and induced vomiting.
1–4
Times
per
Day
5 or More Times per Day
0 Times
1–4
Timesper
perDay
Day
2
6
4
5
4
5
0 Times per Day
Veterans by Gender
25.8
25.8
2015
0
14.5
14.5
Veterans by BMI Category
20
Examining the adjusted aggregate data from all
19.8
20
students who completed the survey similarly
17.6
19.8
15
shows that females report engaging in binge eating 17.6
15
at a higher, though
10not statistically significantly
Percent
Percent
2520
50
5 or More Times Per Day
5 or More Times Per Day
Fruit
andbyVegetable
Consumption—
(25.8% vs. 14.5%
, respectively,
p<0.05).
Veterans
BMI Category
3025
105
Student Health Survey report engaging in binge
Fruit
Vegetable
Consumption—
eating at a higher
rateand
compared
to male
veterans
30
1510
Female veterans who completed the 2012 College
different, rate than
10 males (15.5% vs. 14.0%,
Males
Males
Females
Females
respectively).
5
0
Underweight*
Normal
Weight
Underweight*
Normal
*Insufficient data.
Weight
Overweight
Overweight
*Insufficient data.
Results
Binge-Eating Behavior—Past 12 Months
Veterans by BMI Category
13
13.
5
0
ese
Nutrition and Physical Activity
Binge-Eating Behavior—Past 12 Months
Veterans by Gender
Binge-Eating Behavior—Past 12 Months
1
se
10
Results
ese
se
15.9
15.4
Veterans were asked to report their engagement in any
Veterans by Gender
Percent
Percent
7
Weight-Related Behaviors
15
39
Ob
Extreme
Obe
Extremely
10
0
0
1.1
0.4
Underweight
Underweight
Normal
Weight
Normal
Weight
Males
Overweight
Obese/
Extremely Obese
Overweight
Obese/
Extremely Obese
Females
The highest
rate of reported
Males
Females binge-eating behavior
among veterans was reported by those classified as
Binge-Eating Behavior—Past 12 Months
Veterans by BMI Category
Binge-Eating Behavior—Past 12 Months
Veterans by BMI Category
25
obese/extremely obese.
According to the adjusted aggregate survey data,
the rate of reported binge-eating behavior among
all students who completed the 2012 College
Weight-Related Behaviors
Percent
Percent
25
20
Veterans by Gender
20
5
0
0
17.5
17.5
15
10
10
5
8.2
5
0
2.6
8.2
Use
2.6Laxatives*
0
Use Diet Pills*
Underweight*
*Insufficient
data.
Normal
Weight
Normal
Weight
Overweight
Obese/
Extremely Obese
Overweight
Obese/
Extremely Obese
7.2
0.8
Induce Vomiting*
highest rate
of neverFemales
eating breakfast within the
Males
*Statistically significant.
past seven days. The highest rates of fast food
*Statistically significant.
consumption once a week or more and of eating at
a restaurant once per week or more within the past
12 months are found among veterans classified as
obese/extremely obese.
The adjusted aggregate data show that among
all students who completed the 2012 College
Student Health Survey, students classified as obese/
extremely obese have the highest rates of never
eating breakfast within the past seven days and of
Results
Underweight*
7.2
0.8
Use Laxatives*
Use Diet Pills*
Induce
Vomiting*
Females
VeteransMales
classified
as
normal
weight
have the
Nutrition and Physical Activity
15.9
15.4
*Insufficient data.
7.5
7.5
15.9
15.4
15
10
10
5
20
15
23.0
20
15
eterans by Gender Student Health Survey increases as BMI increases.
Weight-Related Behaviors
23.0
fast food consumption and eating at a restaurant
once per week or more within the past 12 months.
Meal Patterns
Veterans by BMI Category
Meal Patterns
Veterans by BMI Category
Percent
Behavior
Breakfast
Behavior Consumption (Past 7 Days)
0Breakfast
Days per Week
Consumption (Past 7 Days)
1–3
Daysper
perWeek
Week
0 Days
4–7
1–3Days
Daysper
perWeek
Week
Percent
*
**
**
9.9
25.3
9.9
64.8
25.3
**
*
*
**
37.4
69.2
30.8
69.2
Fast
(Past 12 Months)
4–7Food
Days Consumption
per Week
*
1–2
Times
per
Month
or
Fast Food ConsumptionLess
(Past 12 Months)*
Once
per Week
or Moreor Less
1–2 Times
per Month
Eat
at
Restaurant
12 Months)
Once per Week or(Past
More
1–2
per Month
or 12
Less
Eat Times
at Restaurant
(Past
Months)
Once
per
Week
or
More
1–2 Times per Month or Less
Once per Week or More
Underweight
Normal Weight
Underweight
Normal
Weight
*Insufficient data.
*Insufficient data.
40 Health and Health-Related Behaviors Minnesota Postsecondary Student Veterans
64.8
62.6
37.4
62.6
*
Overweight
30.8
8.7
9.0
26.0
29.4
8.7
9.0
65.0
61.9
29.4 26.0
61.9 65.0
50.0 45.0
50.0
45.0
50.0 55.0
50.0 55.0
58.7 46.0
41.3
46.0
58.7 54.0
41.3 54.0
Obese/Extremely Obese
Overweight
Obese/Extremely Obese
All Students
100
14.6
21.9
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption—Per Day
80
Veterans
by Gender
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s recommendati
Physical
Activity
Level
for adults are
to:
All Students
Only 14.6% of •male
veterans
and 21.9% ofphysical
femaleactivity for at least
Engage
in moderate-intensity
Physical
Activity
Level
83.2
76.0 Day
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption—Per
20
80
60
0
60
40
21.9
83.2
14.6
21.9
76.0
83.2
2.2
76.0
2.1
Males
Females
30 minutes on five or more days of the week or
• Engage in vigorous-intensity physical activity for at least
20
minutes
on
three Control
or
moreand
days
per week.32 recommendati
Theday.
Centers
forveterans
Disease
Prevention’s
more times per
Male
consume
fruits
for adults are to:
and vegetables
on
average Disease
3.2 times
per day, Prevention’s
which
40
The
Centersinfor
Control and
recommendati
• Engage
moderate-intensity
physical activity for
at least
for
adults
are
to:
minutes onsignificantly
five or more days
of the week or
is lower, but not 30
statistically
different,
37.7
vigorous-intensity
physical
• Engagewho
in moderate-intensity
physicalactivity
activityfor
foratatleast
least 34
than female veterans
consume
fruits
and
3030
32
20 minutes on five
three
more
days
oror
more
days
ofper
theweek.
week or
vegetables on average
times per day. physical activity for at least
• Engage 3.6
in vigorous-intensity
32
26.2
4020 minutes on three or more
days per
week.
25.3
25.3
20
All Students
veterans consume
fruits and vegetables five or
Percent
40
100
80
14.6
5 or More Times per Day
1–4 Times per Day
2.2
2.1
0 Times per Day
Males
Females
40
20
200
2.2
0
22.5
40
The adjusted aggregate
survey data show that
30
10 14.5 13.9
the average number of times per day fruits and
2.1
Zero
0
Zero
Veterans by BMI Category
Low
10
5
5
0
0
Underweight*
eat less than the recommended amount of fruits
17.6
Normal
Weight
Overweight
13.1
13.1
Obese/
Extremely Obese
*Insufficient data.
Underweight*
*Insufficient data.
Underweight*
Normal
Weight
Overweight
Normal
Weight
Overweight
Obese/
Extremely Obese
and vegetables per30day. Only 13.1% of obese/
29.4
BMI
28.4
extremely obeseAverage
veterans
eat fruits and vegetables
25
26.9
Veterans
by Physical
Activity Level and Gender
26.9
five or more times
per
day.
Average
BMI
20
Veterans by Physical Activity Level and Gender
30
15
According to the adjusted
aggregate survey28.4
data,
29.4
25
30
26.9
26.9
10
the percentage of all students that eat fruits and
29.4
28.4
20
255
26.9
vegetables five or more
times per
day ranges from 26.9
15
20
15.7% among overweight
and obese/extremely
0
Low
Moderate
obese students to15
19.3% among
normal weight
10
students.
Obese/
Extremely Obese
Males
105
0
Low
Low
Males
Moderate Females
33.3
Daily Regular
Soda Consumption
Veterans
by BMI Category
15
25
Percent
Nutrition and Physical Activity
obese. It should be noted that the number of
Veterans
by BMI Category
20
Percent
Percent
Females
to those classified as overweight or obese/extremely
24.2
Daily Regular Soda Consumption
17.5
19.0
33.3
24.2
33.3
105 *Insufficient data.
Normal
Weight
17.5
17.5
Overweight
19.0
19.0
Obese/
Extremely Obese
basis does not reflect the actual quantity of soda
The adjusted aggregate survey data from all students
shows that the rate of daily consumption of regular
soda ranges from 15.9% among normal weight
students to 25.2% among students classified as
underweight.
Underweight*
Normal
Weight
Overweight
Obese/
Extremely Obese
*Insufficient data.
Underweight*
Normal
Weight
Overweight
Obese/
Extremely Obese
*Insufficient data.
students who consume regular soda on a daily
consumed per day.
24.2
0
15
10 Underweight*
0
Females
level of daily consumption of regular soda compared
25
50
High
Veterans classified as normal weight report a higher
Veterans by BMI Category
5
20
15
28.4
Moderate
Males
10
25
20
28.4
Results
Results
50
*Insufficient data.
Daily Regular Soda Consumption
28.4
Average BMI
13.1
19.8
17.6
All Students—Adjusted Data
Across all BMI categories,
majority
ofLevel
veterans
Veterans by the
Physical
Activity
and Gender
Average
BMI BMI
Average
Percent
Percent
Percent
15
10
0
High
Veterans Low All Students—Adjusted
Data
Moderate
High
Veterans
19.8
Moderate
Average BMI
20
20
15
5
34
14.5 13.9
10
0
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption—
5 or More Times Per Day
Veterans by BMI Category
20
10
37.7
34
30
25.3 26.2
vegetables were
males and
20consumed is 3.1 for all25.3
22.5
0
3.3 for all females (p<0.01).
26.2
Zero
Low
Moderate
High
25.3
25.3
20
22.5
14.5
10
13.9Veterans
All Students—Adjusted Data
5 or More Times
per Day
Males
Females
1–4 Times per Day
5 or More Times per Day
0 Times per Day
1–4 Times per Day
0 Times per Day
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption—
19.8
5 or More Times Per Day
17.6
Veterans
by BMI
Category Consumption—
15 and
Fruit
Vegetable
5 or More Times Per Day
37.7
Percent
Percent
Percent
Percent
Percent
Veterans
by Gender
60
100
41
High
High
uit and Vegetable Consumption—Per Day
Physical Activity Level
Students were asked several questions related
erans by Gender
All Students
to their physical activity level. The two survey
questions
to recommendations
14.6 that relate
21.9
outlined by the Centers for Disease Control and
83.2
Prevention (CDC) (see
CDC’s recommendations
76.0
0
0
at right) are:
and Vegetable listed
Consumption—Per
Day
ns by Gender
0
In the past seven days, how many hours did you
14.6
spend doing the 21.9
following activities?
2.2
2.1
• Strenuous exercise (heart beats rapidly)
83.2
76.0
Males
Females
• Moderate exercise (not exhausting)
0
0
5 or More Times per Day
1–4 Times per Day
Based0 on
their response to the two questions,
Times per Day
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s recommendations
for adults are to:
• Engage in moderate-intensity physical activity for at least
30 minutes on five or more days of the week or
Physical
Activity
Level
• Engage
in vigorous-intensity
physical activity for at least
All Students
20 minutes on three or more days per week.32
40
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s recommendations
37.7
for adults are to:
34.5
30
• Engage in moderate-intensity physical activity for at least
30 minutes on five or more days of the week or
25.3 26.2
25.3
20
• Engage
in vigorous-intensity
physical activity for at least
22.5
20 minutes on three or more days per week.32
Percent
0
40 10
students were classified into one of four physical
activity
levels (zero,
2.2
2.1low, moderate, or high).
The moderate and
high classifications meet the
Males
Females
1–4 Times per Day
0 Times
perthree
Day in five (63.0%) veterans report
More
than
levels
of physical activity that place them in the
uit and Vegetable
Consumption—
r More Times Per
Day
moderate or high classification, meeting the CDC’s
erans by BMI Category
recommendations, compared to 60.7% of all
0
and Vegetable Consumption—
More
Times Per Day
0
0
the 2012 College Student Health Survey decreases
Underweight*
Obese/
Normal
Overweight
as
physical activity level increases.
Extremely Obese
Weight
*Insufficient data.
Zero
Moderate
30
25
Average BMI
29.4
26.9
28.4
15 by Physical Activity Level and Gender
Veterans
30
25
20
10
5
0
29.4
26.9
28.4
Low
Moderate
Low
19.0
Obese/
Normal
Overweight
19.0
42 Health
and Health-Related
Behaviors
Minnesota Postsecondary Student Veterans
Extremely Obese
Weight
17.5
Underweight*
*Insufficient data.
Females
5
24.2
33.3
25.5
High
10
24.2
5
28.4
26.9
Males
15
5
17.5
25.5
20
Moderate
Males
5Regular Soda Consumption
ns by BMI Category
0
28.4
26.9
Average BMI
0
33.3
High
All Students—Adjusted Data
Veterans by Physical Activity Level and Gender
ily Regular Soda Consumption
0
26.2
Low
erans by BMI Category
0
High
Average BMI
Veterans
Average BMI
Results
Nutrition and Physical Activity
BMI for male and female students who completed
34.5
14.5 13.9
10
*Insufficient data.
According to the adjusted aggregate data, average
Moderate
22.5
s by BMI Category
Male and female veterans who engage in a high
19.8
level of physical activity have lower average BMIs
17.6
0
male and female
veterans who
engage in a low
Obese/
Underweight* than
Normal
Overweight
Extremely Obese
Weight
level of physical activity.
13.1
Low
Veterans25.3 All25.3
Students—Adjusted Data
13.1
5
Zero
20
students who completed the survey.
19.8
17.6
5
37.7
30 0
Percent
CDC’s
recommended
level of physical activity.
5 or More
Times per Day
14.5 13.9
High
Females
Results
Sexual Health
The majority of young adults in the United States are sexually active. Among males, 60.9% of 18- to
19- year-olds and 70.3% of 20- to 24-year-olds report that they have engaged in vaginal intercourse
within their lifetime, 59.4% of 18- to 19-year-olds and 73.5% of 20- to 24-year-olds report that they
received oral sex from a partner of the opposite sex within their lifetime, and 9.7% of 18- to 19-yearolds and 23.7% of 20- to 24-year-olds report that they engaged in insertive anal intercourse within their
lifetime.33 Among females, 64.0% of 18- to 19- year-olds and 85.6% of 20- to 24-year-olds report that
they have engaged in vaginal intercourse within their lifetime, 62.0% of 18- to 19-year-olds and 79.7%
of 20- to 24-year-olds report that they received oral sex from a partner of the opposite sex within their
lifetime, and 20.0% of 18- to 19-year-olds and 39.9% of 20- to 24-year-olds report that they engaged in
anal intercourse within their lifetime.33 During their most recent vaginal intercourse event, 42.6% of
18- to 24-year-old males and 36.7% of 18- to 24-year-old females used a condom.34
Due to a combination of behavioral, biological, and cultural reasons, sexually active young adults are at
increased risk for acquiring sexually transmitted infections (STIs).35 The higher prevalence of STIs among
young adults reflects multiple barriers to accessing quality STI prevention services, including lack of
health insurance or other ability to pay, lack of transportation, and concerns about confidentiality.35
Among all males, 20- to 24-year-olds have the highest rate of chlamydia (1,187.0 cases per 100,000
people), gonorrhea (421.05 cases per 100,000 people), and syphilis (21.9 cases per 100,000 people).35
Among all females, 20- to 24-year-olds have the highest rates of syphilis (4.5 cases per 100,000 people)
and chlamdyia (3,407.9 cases per 100,000 people), while 15- to 19-year-olds have the highest rate of
gonorrhea (570.9 cases per 100,000 people).34
Results
Sexual Health
43
Student Health Survey report a slightly higher but
not statistically significantly different rate of sexual
activity within their lifetime compared to female
veterans (94.7% vs. 93.8%, respectively).
The adjusted aggregate data collected from all
students who completed the survey show that
94.4% of veterans, compared to 88.6% of all
students, report engaging in sexual activity within
their lifetime (p<0.01).
Sexually Active—Lifetime
Veterans by Gender
Sexually
Active—Lifetime
Sexually
VeteransActive—Lifetime
by Gender
Veterans
100 by Gender
94.4
100
100 80
94.7
88.6
94.4
80 94.4
80 60
Percent
Percent
Percent
Male veterans who completed the 2012 College
94.7
94.7
88.6
88.6
93.8
88.3
88.3
88.3
89.4
93.8
93.8
89.4
89.4
60
60 40
40
40 20
20
20 0
0
All*
0
Females
Males*
All* Veterans
All*
*Statistically significant.
Veterans
Veterans
All
Students—Adjusted
Data
Females
Males*
Females
Males*
All Students—Adjusted Data
All Students—Adjusted Data
*Statistically significant.
*Statistically significant.
Sexually Active—Past 12 Months
Veterans by Gender
Student Health Survey report a slightly higher but
not statistically significantly different rate of sexual
activity within the past 12 months compared to
female veterans (89.0% vs. 87.6%, respectively).
The adjusted aggregate data collected from all
students who completed the 2012 College Student
Health Survey show that 88.6% of veterans,
compared to 80.3% of all students, report engaging
in sexual activity within the past 12 months
Sexually
Active—Past
Months
Sexually
12 12
Months
VeteransActive—Past
by Gender
Veterans
100 by Gender
100
100 80
88.6
80
80 60
88.6
88.6
Percent
Percent
Percent
Male veterans who completed the 2012 College
60
60 40
89.0
80.3
89.0
89.0
80.3
80.3
87.6
80.0
80.0
80.0
81.0
87.6
87.6
81.0
81.0
40
40 20
20
20 0
0
All*
0
(p<0.001).
Females
Males*
All* Veterans
All*
*Statistically significant.
Veterans
Veterans
All
Students—Adjusted
Data
Females
Males*
Females
Males*
All Students—Adjusted Data
All Students—Adjusted Data
*Statistically significant.
*Statistically significant.
Number of Sexual Partners—Past 12 Months
On average, veterans who completed the 2012
College Student Health Survey had 2.5 sexual
partners over the past 12-month period. The
adjusted aggregate data collected from all students
showed on average 2.2 sexual partners. The
average number of sexual partners is based on the
experience of all veterans and students, both those
who were sexually active and those who were not
sexually active.
Number
of Sexual Partners—Past 12 Months
Number
Veteransof Sexual Partners—Past 12 Months
80
Veterans
80
80 60
Percent
Percent
Percent
Sexual Health
Results
Veterans
67.2
67.2
67.2
60
60 40
40
40 20
11.1
20 11.1
20 011.1
0
0
0
0
0
6.5
1
1
1
3.7
4.0
5.3
2.2
6.5
5.3
6.5 2 3.73.7
2.2
4
3 4.04.0
2.2 5 5.3 6+
Number of Partners
2
4
3
2
4
3
Number of Partners
Number of Partners
5
5
6+
44 Health and Health-Related Behaviors Minnesota Postsecondary Student Veterans
Most Recent Sexual Partner—Past 12 Months
Sexually Active Veterans
Most
Recent
Sexual Partner—Past 12 Months
Most
Recent
Sexually
ActiveSexual
VeteransPartner—Past 12 Months
6+
7.1%
(87.5%) report that their most recent sexual
0.3%
0.7%
Involved
partner was either a fiancé(e)/spouse
or an Unintentional
5.6%%
5 .9
in Pregnancy
Fiancé(e)/Spouse
Exclusive Dating Partner
Close but Not
Exclusive Dating Partner
Casual Acquaintance
65.5%
Stranger
20
10
0
Sexually Active Female Veterans
5.3%
44.7
44.7
38.6
38.6
rate of condom use during last vaginal intercourse
was higher but not statistically significantly different
32.8
32.8
25.2
25.2
among all sexually active students compared to
sexually active veterans. 94.7%
94.7%
11.7
11.78.2
10
Used Emergency Contraception
Did NotContraception
Use
Emergency
engaged in anal intercourse.
Emergency Contraception
Percent
10
The most common methods that veterans report
0
using to prevent pregnancy the last time they
engaged in vaginal intercourse are birth control pills
30
(26.5%) and condoms (19.3%). The withdrawal
25 26.5
method is reported by 9.5% of veterans. Other
26.5
20
15
10
5
methods of pregnancy
prevention
reported
by
Sexually
Transmitted
Infection
Diagnosis—
Sexually
Infection Diagnosis—
Lifetime
andTransmitted
Past 12 Months
19.3
19.3
veterans are identified
inand
theAlltable.
Among
Lifetime
and
Past
12veterans
Months
Veterans
Students
Veterans and All Students
who completed the survey, 19.0% report not using
9.5
9.5
8.2
8.2
0
Birth
Control
Condoms
Withdrawal
Intrauterine
Birth
Condoms
Withdrawal Device
Intrauterine
Pills Control
Pills
Device
Percent Who Report
Percent
Who Report
Using
Method
Type of Method
Using Method
Type of Method
Depo-Provera
3.3
Depo-Provera
3.3
NuvaRing
2.0
NuvaRing
2.0
Fertility Awareness
1.3
Fertility Awareness
1.3
Emergency Contraception
1.0
Emergency Contraception
1.0
Diaphragm
0.7
Diaphragm
0.7
Ortho Evra
0.3
Ortho Evra
0.3
Other
20.6
Other
20.6
any method of pregnancy prevention thePercent
last time
Who Report Being Diagn
Sexually
they engaged inTransmitted
vaginal
intercourse.
Sexually
Percent Who Report Being D
Within Past
Within
Within Pa
Within p-value 12 Months
Lifetime
p-value 12 Mont
Lifetime
Transmitted
Infection
Infection
Chlamydia
1.7
5.6 5.0
ns
Chlamydia
5.6 5.0
ns
The adjusted aggregate
data from the 2012
ns
Genital Herpes
1.0
2.6 1.4
ns
Genital
Herpes
2.6 1.4
College StudentGenital
Health
Survey
shows that
Warts/HPV
ns
1.7
5.3
6.2 among
Genital Warts/HPV
ns
6.2 5.3
all students, theGonorrhea
most common methods
0.3
1.0to ns
1.6 used
Gonorrhea
ns
1.6 1.0
prevent pregnancy
the
last
time
they
engaged
in
HIV/AIDS
0.3
0.3 0.5
ns
HIV/AIDS
0.3 0.5
ns
Pubicare
Licebirth control pills
ns
0.3
3.3 ) and
2.9(27.1%
vaginal intercourse
Pubic Lice
ns
2.9 3.3
0.3
0.2
1.3
Syphilis
<0.01
condoms (24.1%). Syphilis
Among all students, 16.9%
0.2 <0.01
1.3 report
At
Least
One
of
the
not using any method
of pregnancy
At Sexually
Least
One of theprevention the
Above
Above Sexually
3.4
ns
Transmitted
Infections 15.7 13.5
last time they engaged
in vaginal
intercourse.
15.7 13.5
ns
Transmitted
Infections
Veterans
Veterans
ns
Sexual Health
5
1 Time
1 Time
2 Times
2 Times
Results
15
active within their lifetime,
95.6% engaged in vaginal
Used Emergency Contraception
intercourse, 91.9% engaged
in oral sex, and 38.6%
Did Not Use
Sexually Active Veterans Within Lifetime
20
50.0% 50.0%
50.0% 50.
Of the 94.4% of veterans who report being sexually
8.2
0
Oral Sex
Vaginal
Intercourse
Anal Intercourse
Oral Sex
Vaginal Intercourse
Anal Intercourse
Veterans
All Students—Adjusted Data
Veterans
All Students—Adjusted Data
25
5.3%
veterans compared to all sexually active students. The
20
30
87.3% of all students report that their most recent
Sexually
Active
significantly different
among
all Female
sexuallyVeterans
active
50
30
The adjusted aggregate survey data show that
Emergency
Use—Past 12 Month
and last oral sex
were
higherContraception
butContraception
not statistically
Emergency
Use—Past 12 Mon
Pregnancy Prevention Methods
Pregnancy
Prevention
Methods
Sexually
Active Veterans
Within Lifetime
Percent
Percent
Percent
30
in Pregnancy
Don’t Know
The rates of condom use during last anal intercourse
Sexually
ActiveThose
Students
Lifetime
(Does
Not Include
WhoWithin
Are Married
or
Not Include
Those Who Are Married or
With(Does
a Domestic
Partner)
With a Domestic Partner)
40
exclusive dating partner. Not Involved
exclusive dating partner.
Condom Use
Condom
Use Within Lifetime
Sexually
Active Students
40
Birth
and P
Misca
Abor
Still P
Intentional
sexual partner was either a fiancé(e)/spouse or an
Other
50
20.0%
10.0%
Sexually Active Veterans
22.0%
30.0% 4
Among veterans who were sexually active45.5%
within 54.5%
92.9%
the past 12 months, more than five out of six
Most Recent Sexual Partner—Past 12 Months
Not statistically significant.
ns
Not statistically significant.
0.6
1.7
0.5
1.0
0.9
1.7
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.0
3.4 2
All Students—Adjusted Data
All Students—Adjusted Da
Results
45
1
2
4
3
Number of Partners
5
6+
A total of 7.1% of veterans who completed the 2012
College Student Health Survey has been involved in a
Unintended Pregnancy Outcome—
Past 12 Months
Veterans
pregnancy within the past 12 months, which is higher
7.1%
though not statistically significantly different than the
.3%
0.7%
Among the unintentional pregnancies reported by
5.6%
veterans, 40.0%
resulted in birth and parenting,
Fiancé(e)/Spouse
20.0% resulted
in Dating
abortion,
and 10.0% resulted in
Exclusive
Partner
Close
but Not
miscarriage.
Among
the unintentional pregnancies
Exclusive Dating Partner
tive Students Withinreported
Lifetime by all students who completed the survey,
65.5%Who Are Married Casual
Acquaintance
nclude Those
or
estic Partner)
38.2% resulted
in birth and parenting, 12.5% resulted
Stranger
%Use
45.5%
92.9%
Involved
in Pregnancy
30.0% 40.0%
54.5%
20.0%
10.0%
6.6% of all students who completed the survey. Among
those involved in a pregnancy, 45.5% of veterans and
cent Sexual Partner—Past 12 Months
tive Veterans
29.8% of all students state it was unintentional.
Unintentional
Intentional
Not Involved
in Pregnancy
Don’t Know
Birth
and Parenting
Miscarriage
Abortion
Still Pregnant
Emergency Contraception Use—Past 12 Months
Sexually Active Female Veterans
Other
in abortion,
8.8% resulted in miscarriage, and 40.5%
ctive Students Within Lifetime
8.6
Include Those Who Within
Are Married
or 12 months, 5.3% of sexually
the past
mestic Partner)
32.8
active female veterans have used emergency
25.2
contraception. Among those who used emergency
38.6
contraception, 50.0% have used it once and 50.0%
11.7
have used it twice within the
past 12 months.
8.2
nal Intercourse
32.8
Anal
Intercourse
44.7
Veterans
ginal Intercourse
Oral Sex
TheAlladjusted
25.2aggregate survey
Students—Adjusted
Data data show that
9.5% of all sexually active female students report
having used emergency
11.7contraception within the
8.2
past 12 months, and among those who have used
Anal Intercourse
Oral Sex
emergency contraception, 60.9% have used it once,
Veterans 24.2%
All Students—Adjusted
have used it twice,Data
and 14.9% have used it
nancy Prevention
Methods
5.3%
indicated they were still pregnant.
Emergency Contraception Use—Past 12 Months
Sexually Active Female Veterans
50.0%
50.0%
94.7%
5.3%
m Use 44.7
1 Time
Used Emergency Contraception
50.0%
50.0%2 Times
Did Not Use
94.7%
Emergency
Contraception
Used Emergency Contraception
1 Time
Did Not Use
Emergency Contraception
2 Times
y Active Veterans Within Lifetime
three or more times within the past 12 months.
26.5
nancy Prevention Methods
Results
ly Active Veterans Within
Lifetime
Among
veterans who have been sexually active
Sexual Health
26.5
Birth Control
Pills
Type of Method
Depo-Provera
19.3
within their lifetime, 15.7% report being diagnosed
Veterans and All Students
with a sexually transmitted infection within their
9.5 to 13.5% of all students who
lifetime compared
8.2
completed the survey. A total of 3.4% of veterans
who
report having
been sexually
active within their
Condoms
Withdrawal
Intrauterine
19.3
Device
lifetime also report having been diagnosed with a
Percent
Who Report
sexually transmitted
infection
within the past 12
9.5 Using Method
8.2
months compared to 2.0%
3.3of all students who
completed the survey. 2.0
NuvaRing
Birth Control
Condoms
Withdrawal
Intrauterine
Fertility
Awareness
1.3 Device
Pills
Emergency Contraception
1.0
Genital warts/human
papilloma
virus and chlamydia
Percent Who Report
Diaphragm
0.7
Using
Method
Type of Method are the most commonly
diagnosed sexually
Ortho
Evra
Depo-Provera
Other
NuvaRing
Sexually Transmitted Infection Diagnosis—
Lifetime and Past 12 Months
0.3
3.3 veterans.
transmitted infections among
20.6
2.0
Percent Who Report Being Diagnosed
Sexually
Within Past
Transmitted
Within
Sexually Transmitted
Infection
Diagnosis—
12 Months p-value
Infection
p-value
Lifetime
Lifetime and Past 12 Months
5.0
1.7 0.6 <0.05
ns
ns
ns
1.0 0.5
1.4
ns
ns
1.7 0.9
6.2 5.3
Percent Who Report Being Diagnosed
ns
ns
0.3 0.3
1.6 1.0
Within Past
Within
ns
0.1 p-value
0.3
0.5 p-value
0.3Lifetime
ns
12 Months
ns
ns
0.3
0.3
3.3
2.9
1.7 0.6 <0.05
5.6 5.0
ns
0.1
0.3
0.2
1.3
ns
ns
ns
1.0 0.5
2.6 1.4 <0.01
Chlamydia
5.6
Veterans and All Students
Genital Herpes
2.6
Genital Warts/HPV
Gonorrhea
Sexually
Transmitted
HIV/AIDS
Infection
Pubic
Lice
Chlamydia
Syphilis
Genital Herpes
1.7 0.9
3.4
0.3
0.3 2.0
HIV/AIDS
0.3 0.1
0.3 0.5
ns
Veterans
All Students—Adjusted Data
Pubic Lice
ns
0.3 0.3
2.9 3.3
ns
Not statistically significant. 1.3
0.2 <0.01 0.3 0.1
Syphilis
AtGenital
Least One
of the
Warts/HPV
6.2 5.3
Above Sexually
Transmitted
Gonorrhea Infections 15.7
1.0
1.6 13.5
1.3
Emergency Contraception
1.0
Diaphragm
At Least One of the
0.7
Above Sexually
Minnesota Postsecondary Student
Veterans
Ortho Evra46 Health and Health-Related Behaviors
Transmitted
Infections 15.7
0.3
Other
20.6
Fertility Awareness
Veterans
13.5
ns
ns
nsns
nsns
ns
3.4
2.0
All Students—Adjusted Data
ns
ns
ns
ns
Implications
Healthy individuals make better
students, and better students
make healthier communities.
Results from the 2012 College Student Health Survey document the health and health-related
behaviors of veterans enrolled in participating Minnesota postsecondary institutions. These data offer
a comprehensive look at the diseases, health conditions, and health-related behaviors of student
veteran respondents.
The data show that health-related issues among student veterans are similar to those of the general
student body, but there are key differences that should be noted. More research in this area is needed
to determine why these differences exist. Colleges and universities should consider developing groups to
address the unique needs of student veterans on their campuses.
Creating a college environment that supports veterans through coordinating services to address the
academic, financial, physical, health-related, and social needs of student veterans will help veterans
succeed academically, and in their lives beyond postsecondary education.
Implications
47
48 Health and Health-Related Behaviors Minnesota Postsecondary Student Veterans
Appendix 1
Colleges and Universities Participating in the 2012 College Student Health Survey
Kittson
Roseau
Hallock
Roseau
Baudette
Lake of
the Woods
International Falls
Marshall
Koochiching
Warren
Thief River Falls
Polk
Beltrami
Cook
Pennington
Red Lake Falls
Grand Marais
Red Lake
Crookston
St. Louis
Clearwater
Norman
Lake
Bemidji
Bagley
Mahnomen
Ada
Mahnomen
Itasca
Hubbard
Two
Harbors
Grand Rapids
Walker
Cass
Becker
Park Rapids
Detroit Lakes
Moorhead
Duluth
Aitkin
Clay
Carlton
Wadena
Otter Tail
Wilkin
Crow Wing
Wadena
Fergus Falls
Breckenridge
Bemidji State University
Brainerd
Douglas
Elbow Lake
Little Falls
Morrison
Grant
Kanabec
Benton
Traverse
Milaca
Foley
Glenwood
Morris
Pope
Stearns
Big Stone
St. Cloud
Isanti
Sherburne
Meeker
Willmar
Chippewa
Lac Qui Parle
Anoka
Buffalo
Washington
Chaska
Carver Shakopee
Glencoe
Renville
Lyon
Redwood Falls
Le Center
St. Peter
New Ulm
Nicollet
Rice
Le Sueur
North Mankato
Murray
Pipestone
Slayton
Cottonwood
Windom
Nobles
Washington
St. James
Owatonna
Waseca
Waseca
Watonwan
Martin
Jackson
Jackson
Blue Earth
Fairmont
Faribault
Blue Earth
Goodhue
Faribault
Brown
Pipestone
Winona State University
Steele
Mower
Austin
Bemidji State University
Century College
Concordia University
Martin Luther College
Bemidji, MN
White Bear Lake, MN
St. Paul, MN
New Ulm, MN
Minnesota West Community and Technical College
Canby, MN
Granite Falls, MN
Jackson, MN
Pipestone, MN
Worthington, MN
Rochester Community and Technical College
Rochester, MN
Southwest Minnesota State University
St. Catherine University
Marshall, MN
Minneapolis, MN
St. Paul, MN
St. Cloud State University
St. Cloud Technical and Community College
Winona State University
St. Cloud, MN
St. Cloud, MN
Winona
Rochester
Albert Lea
Location
Winona
Olmsted
Dodge
Freeborn
Winona, MN
Minnesota West Community
and Technical College
Wabasha
Wabasha
Mantorville
School
*Includes full-time and part-time students.
Martin Luther College
Red Wing
Sibley
Redwood
Hastings
Dakota
Scott
Gaylord
Marshall
Southwest Minnesota
State University
Hennepin
Olivia
Granite Falls
Yellow Medicine
Ramsey
St. Paul
Minneapolis
Kandiyohi
Montevideo
St. Catherine University
Stillwater
Wright
Litchfield
McLeod
Luverne
Concordia University
Center City
Benson
Madison
Rock
Chisago
Anoka
Swift
Lincoln
Century College
Cambridge
Elk River
Ortonville
Ivanhoe
St. Cloud State University
Pine City
Mora
Long Prairie
Alexandria
Stevens
St. Cloud Technical and
Community College
Pine
Mille
Lacs
Todd
Wheaton
Carlton
Aitkin
Fillmore
Preston
Rochester Community and
Technical College
Houston
Caledona
Enrollment—
Spring 2012*
6,87036
15,21936
2,80037
65538
5,06836
8,20636
7,73236
5,22739
22,02436
6,30036
9,69136
49
Appendix 2
2012 College Student Health Survey Demographics Based on Student Response
Average Age (Years)
Age Range (Years)
18–24 Years
25 Years or Older
Average GPA
Veterans
33.4
18–69
22.4%
77.6%
3.32
All Students—
Adjusted Data
33.0
19–92
22.4%
77.6%
3.40
All Students—
Unadjusted Data
27.1
18–92
56.8%
43.2%
3.37
25.6%
25.6%
16.4%
11.1%
13.9%
3.4%
0.0%
15.0%
19.9%
16.4%
12.9%
19.4%
11.5%
4.8%
20.9%
19.9%
16.6%
12.8%
14.8%
10.0%
4.7%
4.0%
0.1%
0.3%
70.1%
29.9%
0.0%
70.7%
29.3%
0.0%
25.8%
73.8%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
0.2%
3.7%
5.2%
4.0%
3.1%
2.8%
5.3%
5.2%
2.3%
2.1%
6.6%
4.4%
2.8%
85.8%
2.5%
86.5%
2.0%
85.8%
1.9%
4.9%
95.1%
8.1%
91.9%
20.1%
79.9%
58.0%
33.0%
9.0%
59.2%
26.2%
14.6%
66.5%
22.7%
10.8%
Class Status
Undergraduate—Enrolled One Year
Undergraduate—Enrolled Two Years
Undergraduate—Enrolled Three Years
Undergraduate—Enrolled Four Years
Undergraduate—Enrolled Five or More Years
Master’s, Graduate, or Professional Program
Non-degree Seeking
Unspecified
Gender
Male
Female
Transgender
Other
Unspecified
Ethnic Origin
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian/Pacific Islander
Black–Not Hispanic
Latino/Hispanic
White—Not Hispanic
(Includes Middle Eastern)
Other
Current Residence
Residence Hall or Fraternity/Sorority
Other
Enrollment in Online Classes This Term
No Online Classes
Some Online Classes
All Online Classes
50 Health and Health-Related Behaviors Minnesota Postsecondary Student Veterans
Glossary
Current Alcohol Use
Any alcohol use within the past 30 days.
Current Credit Card Debt
Any unpaid balance at the end of the past month.
Current Marijuana Use
Any marijuana use within the past 30 days.
Current Tobacco Use
Any use of tobacco in the past 30 days. Tobacco use includes both smoking and smokeless tobacco.
Credit Card Debt
A monthly debt of $3,000 or more.
High-Risk Drinking
Consumption of five or more alcoholic drinks at one sitting within the past two weeks for both males and
females. A drink is defined as a bottle of beer, wine cooler, glass of wine, shot glass of liquor, or mixed drink.
Past-12-Month Alcohol Use
Any alcohol use within the past year.
Past-12-Month Marijuana Use
Any marijuana use within the past year.
Student Loan Balance
A student loan balance of $20,000 or more
Glossary
51
52 Health and Health-Related Behaviors Minnesota Postsecondary Student Veterans
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54 Health and Health-Related Behaviors Minnesota Postsecondary Student Veterans
References
55
Funding
Partial funding for the 2012 College Student Health Survey was provided by the following groups. Thank you for
your support of this important project.
Grant P116Z090310 through a congressionally directed award to the Minnesota State Colleges and Universities.
The contents do not necessarily represent the policy or endorsement of the U.S. Department of Education or
the federal government.
Boynton Health Service, 410 Church Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455
2012 Boynton Health Service Survey Team
Principal Investigator
Katherine Lust, Ph.D., M.P.H., R.D.
(612) 624-6214 • klust@bhs.umn.edu
Investigator
David Golden
Recruitment/College Coordinator
Maria Rudie, M.P.H.
Web/E-Communications Coordinator
Evelyn Kokes
Project Coordinator/Editor
Jolene Johnson
Writer/Editor
Julia Sanem, M.P.H.
Senior Graphic Designer
Amy Bartkus
Office Manager
Carol Uchal
Published October 2012
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