Sustainable land use and rural
development in Yenchau, Sonla
through MOST funded research
Nguyen Van Dinh*, Pham Thi Huong*, Vu Thanh
Hai*, Nguyen Dinh Vinh*, Nguyen Thi Kim
Oanh*, Nguyen Van Vien*, Le Thi Thuy**, and
Luong Thi Hong*
nvandinh@hua.edu.vn
*Hanoi University of Agriculture
** National Institute of Animal Sciences
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•
•
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Introduction
Research methods
Results and Discussions
Recommendations
Introduction
• In the 1 phase (2000-2003) the Most co-funding
project obtained good results on: Cultivation of
mango, covering crops, application of GIS in land
use, solar drying crop products (Đào Châu Thu,
2003).
• Based on request from Sonla DOST, Yenchau Ext.
Center, main site of UPLANDS program 6 research
topics were conducted in 2006-2008
Objective:
Development and application
appropriate agricultural technologies to
sustainable land use and rural development,
contributing to more effective cultivation
activities and improvement of livelihood of
farmers in Yenchau district, Sonla province.
- New crop/animal varieties
- Cultivation, plant protection, veterinary-husbandry
technologies (densities, fertilizers, bagging fruits…)
suitable to local condition.
6 research topics
• N1. Development of model of intensive cultivation of
mango and grape fruit gardens with high economic
efficiency and sustainability, leaded by Dr. Pham Thi
Huong (HAU) (A1; B4; B.5; C4; D6)
• N2. Development of models of intercrop, cover crops,
improving barren hills, leaded by Dr. Nguyen Dinh Vinh
(HAU) (A1; B4; C4)
• N3. Winter crop models, leaded by MSc. Vu Thanh Hai
(HAU) (A1; B4; B5; C4, D6)
• N4. Application of Integrated Crop Management (ICM)
on rice, leaded by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Thi Kim
Oanh (HAU) (A1; B4; B5; C4; E6)
• N5. Development of models of monosexual Tilapia
raising with high efficiency, leaded by Assoc. Prof. Dr.
Luong thi Hong (HAU) (A1; B4; B5; C4).
• N6. Study on some measures to enhance efficiency of
smallholder animal husbandry base build- up the local
nuclear pig heads, leaded by Dr. Le Thi Thuy (NIAH)
(A1; B4; D2; E6).
Research methods
- Survey: PRA, Questionnaire, Farmer Field School
(FFS)
- Experiments: development, cultivation, yield,
productivities, fertilizers, densities, mortality… as
manual of Vietnam standards (TCVN, 2003…),
others.
- Facilities of UPLANDS in exp. of fish, pigs and
mango, HUA, NIAH
- Consultation of experts of UPLANDS, local
institutions
- Research site: Yenchau district, 270 km from Hanoi,
the capital
Typical topography of Yenchau
Paddy field in Valley of
Yen Chau district
High lands
Soil Erosion in
slopping fields
Paddy rice field of Thai
ethnic – Yen Chau district
Slopping cultivation of
H’mong ethnic – Yen Chau
district
Farmer Field School
Research condition
Results and Discussions
• N1. Development of model of intensive
cultivation of mango and grape fruit gardens with
high economic efficiency and sustainability in
Yen Chau district, Son La province, leaded by
Dr. Pham Thi Huong (HAU) (A1; B4; B.5; C4;
D6)
N1.1. Selection mango trees
Real productivities (kg/tree)
Code
Quality
Glucos Vit. C
a
(mg/10
(%)
0g)
2006
2007
2008
Avera
ge
Axit
(%)
Tast
T1
45
25,2
80
50,1
13,00
14,29
0,128
Sweet
T2
45
22,4
60
42,5
14,50
12,86
0,126
Sweet
T3
50
20,5
80
50,2
11,25
10,71
0,256
Sweet
T4
50
30,5
80
53,5
12,80
19,28
0,127
Sweet
H1
100
25,3
60
61,8
13,34
0,71
0,094
Sweet
H2
90
26,3
65
60,4
11,23
7,86
0,067
Sweet
H3
100
26,3
200
142,1
9,66
10,0
0,091
Sweet
Pre-harvest bagging of mango fruit in 1.5cm
diameter by cement bag or magazine paper
N1.2. Introduction of grape fruit
(Dien pomelo)
Remarks
• Selected 4 typical mango trees of ‘Tron’ and 3 trees of ‘Hoi’ at Tu
Nang commune for potential multiplication.
• Post-harvest pruning of the neglected mango orchards in
combination with application of fertilizers and pest control
promoted Autumn shoots growth and reduced pest infection of
these shoots. Consequently, these resulted in an increase in fruit
yield 2 - 2.4 times and net profit 3 - 6 times compared to the
controls of both ‘Tron’ and ‘Hoi’ cultivars.
• Pre-harvest bagging of mango fruit in 1.5cm diameter by cement
bag or magazine paper could improve significantly fruit external
quality due to preventing mango fruits from pest infection.
• ‘Dien’ pomelo grew well in Yen Chau district of Son La province. In
second year, 20% of trees set fruits and in third year trees born
plenty of flowers (817.3 flowers/tree) and good fruit set (17.2
fruits/tree)
N2. Development of models of intercrop, cover crops,
improving barren hills in Yen Chau district, Son La
province, leaded by Dr. Nguyen Dinh Vinh (HAU) (A1; B4;
C4)
Intercroping with
Mondo grass
Ophiopogon japanicus
* In two year, total soil washed reduced by 10-15%
compared to maize monoculture
Remarks
• Intercroping Ghine grass, Mondo grass Ophiopogon
japanicus Thunb in maize, mango gardens could
increase the covering 50-60% compared to maize
monoculture, reducing soils washed off by 10-15%
• New finding: Mondo grass Ophiopogon japanicus
Thunb. a good medicinal plant and erosion
protection plant
• (2009: ABD fund project on this plant).
N3.1. Winter crop models, leaded by MSc. Vu Thanh Hai
(HAU) (A1; B4; B5; C4, D6)
- Wax gourd
Yield component of 4 varieties
wax gourd
Varieties
Weight
Length Diamete
(kg/fruit
(cm)
r (cm)
)
Yield
(t/ha)
%
Real
increa
yield
sed to
(tones/
contro
ha)*
l
1
F1W35
0,8
17,6
9,1
30,4
21,2bc
5,9
2
Bí Sặt
0,9
34,6
6,7
34,1
23,2ab
15,7
3
ĐV2003
0,9
33,7
6,3
32,2
24,3a
21,1
4
Bí Đá
0,8
26,6
9,5
30,3
20,4c
-
*CV% = 4,79; P < 0,05; LSD0,05 = 2,13 ton/ha. In a column different letter means significantly different at p=0.05
N3.2 New winter crop - garlic
Yield of 4 garlic varieties
weight
(g/plant)
Weight of
bulb
(g/bulb)
Real yield
(tones/ha)
1 Local
28,6
13,9
8,0b
2 Vannam
27,0
15,8
7,8b
3 Hibrid1
32,6
16,8
11,8a
-
-
-
Variety
4 White chinese
-
#CV% = 4,39%; P < 0,05; LSD0,05 = 2,375 tons/ha. In a column different letter means significantly different at P=0.05
Remarks
• ‘Sat’ wax gourd showed more advantages over 3
other cultivars in terms of high yield (≥38.0
tones/ha) and pulp proportion when being applied
nitrogen rate of 120 kg/ha and 70 cm x 50 cm
plant spacing at Yen Chau district.
• In case of non-tillage and non-irrigation at Yen
Chau district, local garlic could be grown well when
garlic beds were covered with rice straw and
applied nitrogen rate of 120 kg/ha.
• Net profit of ‘Sat’ wax gourd and local garlic were
37.5 – 57.7 and 23.5 – 35.4 million dong/ha,
respectively, (2-3.5 times) higher than that of rice.
N4. Application of Integrated Crop Management
(ICM) on rice, leaded by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen
Thi Kim Oanh (A1; B4; B5; C4; E6)
7
Năm 2006
6
Năm 2007
2
Mật độ (con/m )
8
5
4
3
2
1
Vụ Xuân
14
/8
28
/8
11
/9
25
/9
9/
10
23
/1
0
9/
6
1/
6
18
/5
4/
5
20
/4
6/
4
23
/3
9/
3
0
Vụ Mùa
Ngày đi ều tra
Rice leaf folder (Cnaphalocrosis medinalis) density
at Vienglan 2006-2007
Field experiment on planting density at Vienglan,Yenchau,
2007
25 hills/m2
50 hills/m2
Remarks:
- Identified 4 main pests and diseases of rice in Yenchau
- ICM fields reduced 1-1.7 times spraying and productivities
remained unchanged.
- Among 4 rice varieties, VL24 gave highest productivities
and Te 64 was lowest
- Effectiveness of rice production according to the ICM
technologies is 28 % higher compared to the control.
N5. Development of models of monosexual Tilapia raising
with high efficiency in Yen Chau district, Son La province,
leaded by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Thi Luong Hong (HAU)
Results of modeling 6
Species
Number
(fish)
Stocking
Harvest size
size
(g/fish)
(g/fish)
Production
(kg)
Tilapia
1200
2-3
300-400
450
Mud carp
500
10-15
700-800
350
Silver carp
290
50-100
900-1000
220
Bighead
carp
90
50-100
1000-1200
130
Grass
carp
150
100-150
1200-1500
210
Common
carp
140
15-20
500-700
250
Total
2370
Total 6 farmer models: 8.490 kg
1610
Remarks
•
•
•
•
Conventional techniques in producing
marketable fish were low. It based mostly on
farmer’s experiences
Monosex tilapia could be adapted easily to
Yen Chau’s conditions
Integrated monosex tilapia and other species
with the use of supplemetal feed could
significantly enhance productivity as well as
income
N6. Study on some measures to enhance efficiency of
smallholder animal husbandry base build- up the local
nuclear pig heads in Yen Chau District, Son La province ,
leaded by Dr. Le Thi Thuy (NIAH) (A1; B4; D2; E6).
Khối l- î ng (kg)
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
S¬
sinh
1
2
3
4
Ban pig
5
6
7
Th¸ ng tuæi
8
9
10
11
12
Mongcai pig
Parameters of Móng Cái and Ban pig at Yenchau
TT
Parameter
Mong cai pig
Ban pig
no Unit Average no Unit Average
1
Ages of first in heat
10
Day
139,0
15 Day
142,67
2
Ages of first mating
10
Day
188,2
15 Day
180,3
3
New-born piglet weight/
litter
10
pig
9,7
15 Day
6,01
4
Rerutting time after
weaning
10
Day
7,34
15
Day
14,40
5
Ratio of die in the womb
10
(%)
5,3
15
%
6,3
6
Ratio of death after 30
days
10
(%)
8,3
15
%
9,6
8
Number of weaned
piglets/ litter
7
Con
7,5
24
pig
5,71
9
New-born piglet
weight/litter
7
Kg
5,3
3
Kg
3,92
7
Kg
57,1
3
kg
22,6
10 Weaned piglet weight/litter
Remark
•
•
•
Through growth and reproduction
parameters, Mong Cai pig breed proved to
be able to adapt husbandry condition in
Yen Chau.
Despite poor growth and reproduction
ability compared to Mong Cai pigs, Ban
pigs were sold at higher price in market due
to juicy meat, small bones. Ban pigs also
had high resistance against diseases,
which leaded to great potential of
exploiting these 2 breeds.
The project served to introduce local pig
resource to Yen Chau, diversified genetic
resource and preserved local pig breeds.
Recommendation
• Special attention of the extension center of Yenchau
on 7 potential multiplication mango trees in Tunang
commune as well as development of Dien pomelo in
the district
• ICM of rice, cultivation technologies of Winter crop
(garlic, vax gourd) were easily adopted to Yenchau
condition
• Mondo grass showed potential to become a
promising plant for soil erosion protection and
medical plant
• Technologies for raising of pig, tilapia were
developed and adopted to Yenchau condition
• Pay attention to pond construction to prevent flooding
400 grape fruit trees
were planted:
- good development
- high effective
(report from Ext.
Yenchau, 2012)
Thank you !