AP Biology Ch 6 Study Guide Photosynthesis

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AP Biology Ch 6 Study Guide Photosynthesis
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the
question.
____ 1. Which of the following biological groups is dependent on
photosynthesis for its survival?
a. Vertebrates
b. Mammalia
c. Fishes
d. Plants
e. All of the above
____ 2. Which of the following is the balanced equation for the
generation of sugar from sunlight, water, and CO2?
a. 6 CO2 + 6 H2O  C6H12O6 + O2
b. 6 CO2 + 12 H2O  C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H2O
c. 6 CO2 + 6 H2O  C6H12O6 + 6 O2
d. 12 CO2 + 12 H2O  2 C6H12O6 + 2 O2
e. None of the above
____ 3. The first pathway of photosynthesis, in which light energy is
converted into chemical energy in the form of ATP and
NADPH, is referred to as the
a. light reductions.
b. dark reactions.
c. carbon-fixation reactions.
d. light reactions.
e. None of the above
____ 4. Which of the following occurs during the light-independent
reactions of photosynthesis?
a. Water is converted into hydrogen and water.
b. CO2 and water are converted into sugars and oxygen.
c. Chlorophyll acts as an enzyme.
d. Nothing occurs; the plant rests in the dark.
e. None of the above
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5. When a suspension of algae is incubated in a flask in the
presence of light and CO2 and then transferred to the dark, the
reduction of 3-phosphoglycerate to glyceraldehyde 3phosphate is blocked. This reaction stops in the dark because
a. the reaction requires CO2.
b. the reaction is exergonic.
c. the reaction requires ATP and NADPH.
d. the reaction requires O2.
e. chlorophyll is not synthesized in the dark.
6. Which of the following statements about photosynthesis is
false?
a. The water for photosynthesis in land plants comes
primarily from the soil.
b. CO2 is taken in, and water and O2 are released through
stomata.
c. Light is necessary for the production of O2 and
carbohydrates.
d. Photosynthesis is the reverse of cellular respiration.
e. All the O2 gas produced during photosynthesis comes
from water.
7. When a photon interacts with molecules such as those within
chloroplasts, the photons may
a. bounce off the molecules, having no effect.
b. pass through the molecules, having no effect.
c. be absorbed by the molecules.
d. Both a and c
e. All of the above
8. Compared to long-wavelength photons, short-wavelength
photons have
a. an insignificant amount of energy.
b. more energy.
c. energy not available to plant cells.
d. a ladder of energy.
e. an equal amount of energy.
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9. The wavelength of X rays is shorter than the wavelength of
infrared rays. Which of the following is true?
a. X rays have more energy per unit than infrared rays have.
b. X rays have a smaller value for Planck’s constant than
infrared waves have.
c. X rays have a different absorption spectrum than infrared
waves have.
d. X rays and infrared waves have the same frequency.
e. Infrared waves are in the ground state, whereas X rays are
in the excited state.
10. How do red and blue light differ from each other?
a. They differ in intensity.
b. They have a different number of photons in each quantum.
c. Their wavelengths are different.
d. They differ in duration.
e. Red is radiant, whereas blue is electromagnetic.
11. A molecule that has an absorption spectrum showing
maximum absorption within the wavelengths of visible lightis
a. a reducing agent.
b. a quantum.
c. a photon.
d. electromagnetic radiation.
e. a pigment.
12. Which statement about light is true?
a. An absorption spectrum is a plot of biological
effectiveness versus wavelength.
b. An absorption spectrum may be a good means of
identifying a pigment.
c. Light need not be absorbed to produce a biological effect.
d. A given kind of molecule can occupy any energy level.
e. A pigment loses energy as it absorbs a photon.
13. When white light strikes a blue pigment, blue light is
a. reduced.
b. absorbed.
c. converted to chemical energy.
d. scattered or transmitted.
e. used to synthesize ATP.
____ 14. Plants are green because
a. chlorophylls absorb blue and orange-red wavelengths of
light and reflect green light.
b. chloroplasts transmit green light.
c. energized chlorophyll a emits green light.
d. plants do not possess green pigment.
e. chlorophylls absorb green light.
____ 15. The energy difference between an electron excited by a
photon and the electron in its ground state is _______ of the
photon.
a. less than the energy
b. greater than the energy
c. equal to the energy
d. related to the wavelength
e. Both c and d
____ 16. When a photon is absorbed by a molecule, the photon
a. loses its ability to generate any energy.
b. raises the molecule from a ground state of low energy to
an excited state.
c. affects the molecule in ways that are not clearly
understood.
d. causes a change in the velocity of the wavelengths.
e. None of the above
____ 17. A range of energy that cannot be seen by human eyes but has
slightly more energy per photon than visible light is known as
_______ radiation.
a. adaptive
b. solar
c. gamma
d. ultraviolet
e. None of the above
____ 18. A graph that plots the rate at which CO2 is converted to
glucose versus the wavelength of light illuminating a leaf is
called
a. the Planck equation.
b. an absorption spectrum.
c. enzyme kinetics.
d. an electromagnetic spectrum.
e. an action spectrum.
____ 19. The main photosynthetic pigments in plants are _______ and
_______.
a. chlorophyll s; chlorophyll a
b. chlorophyll x; chlorophyll y
c. retinal pigment; accessory pigment
d. chlorophyll a; chlorophyll b
e. None of the above
____ 20. The photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll a absorbs
a. infrared light.
b. red and blue light.
c. X rays.
d. gamma rays.
e. white light.
____ 21. Accessory pigments
a. play no role in photosynthesis.
b. transfer energy from chlorophyll to the electron transport
chain.
c. absorb only the red wavelengths.
d. allow algae and cyanobacteria to absorb visible light of
intermediate wavelengths.
e. transfer electrons to NADP.
____ 22. When a photon is absorbed by chlorophyll,
a. the chlorophyll becomes “excited,” or energized.
b. a greater number of light wavelengths can be absorbed.
c. ATP is split into ADP, phosphate, and energy.
d. hydrogen ions are released.
e. the chlorophyll molecules fluoresce.
____ 23. What is the difference between chlorophyll a and chlorophyll
b?
a. Chlorophyll a has a complex ring structure, whereas
chlorophyll b has a linear structure.
b. Chlorophyll a has a magnesium atom at its center,
whereas chlorophyll b has a phosphate group at its center.
c. Chlorophyll a has a methyl group, whereas chlorophyll b
has an aldehyde group.
d. A hydrocarbon tail is found only in chlorophyll a.
e. Chlorophyll a fluoresces, whereas chlorophyll b passes
the absorbed energy to another molecule.
____ 24. Which statement about chlorophylls is false?
a. Chlorophylls absorb light near both ends of the visible
spectrum.
b. Chlorophylls can accept energy from other pigments, such
as carotenoids.
c. Excited chlorophyll can either reduce another substance or
release light energy.
d. Excited chlorophyll cannot be an oxidizing agent.
e. Chlorophylls contain magnesium.
____ 25. The precise moment when light energy is captured in
chemical energy is the point at which
a. light shines on chlorophyll.
b. water is hydrolyzed.
c. chlorophyll is oxidized.
d. chlorophyll is reduced.
e. the CO2 from air is captured in a sugar.
____ 26. The energy to hydrolyze water comes from
a. oxidized chlorophyll.
b. reduced chlorophyll.
c. the proton gradient.
d. ATP.
e. NADPH + H+.
____ 27. Photosynthesis is the process that uses light energy to extract
hydrogen atoms from
a. glucose.
b. chlorophyll.
c. CO2.
d. water.
e. None of the above
____ 28. The light energy absorbed by the P680 reaction center
a. oxidizes water.
b. removes a phosphate from ATP to form ADP.
c. fixes CO2 to form sugars.
d. is used to form rubisco.
e. is reflected and causes plants to appear green.
____ 29. In noncyclic photophosphorylation, water is used for the
a. hydrolysis of ATP.
b. excitation of chlorophyll.
c. reduction of chlorophyll.
d. oxidation of NADPH.
e. synthesis of chlorophyll.
____ 30. Which of the following does not happen in noncyclic electron
transport?
a. Oxygen gas is released.
b. ATP forms.
c. Water donates electrons and protons.
d. NADPH forms.
e. CO2 reacts with RuBP.
____ 31. In noncyclic photophosphorylation, electrons from _______
replenish chlorophyll molecules that have given up electrons.
a. CO2
b. water
c. NADPH + H+
d. O2 gas
e. None of the above
____ 32. The O2 gas produced during photosynthesis is derived from
a. CO2.
b. glucose.
c. water.
d. CO.
e. bicarbonate ions.
____ 33. The Z scheme is
a. the characteristic path of electrons when they are bounced
out of the pigments of the reaction center.
b. another name for the splitting of water.
c. the addition of CO2 to RuBP to form a six-carbon sugar.
d. the passing of high-energy electrons through ATP
synthase.
e. the wavelengths of light absorbed by a specific molecule.
____ 34. In cyclic electron transport by photosystem I, chlorophyll is
reduced by
a. NADPH.
b. a chemiosmotic mechanism.
c. electrons transferred from an electron transport carrier.
d. ATP.
e. hydrogen ions liberated by the splitting of a water
molecule.
____ 35. Free energy is released in cyclic electron transport by
photosystem I
a. by the formation of ATP.
b. during the excitation of chlorophyll.
c. during the fluorescence of chlorophyll.
d. during each of the redox reactions of the electron transport
chain.
e. when electrons are transferred from photosystem I to
photosystem II.
____ 36. In the photosynthetic formation of ATP, the enzyme ATP
synthase couples the synthesis of ATP to
a. the diffusion of protons.
b. the reduction of NADP+.
c. the excitation of chlorophyll.
d. the reduction of chlorophyll.
e. CO2 fixation.
____ 37. In both photosynthesis and respiration, protons are pumped
across a membrane during
a. electron transport.
b. photolysis.
c. CO2 fixation.
d. reduction of O2.
e. glycolysis.
____ 38. Cyclic electron transport
a. occurs when the ratio of NADPH + H+ to NADP+ in the
chloroplasts of some organisms is high.
b. is a series of redox reactions.
c. stores its released energy as a proton gradient.
d. is completed when the electron returns to P 700.
e. All of the above
____ 39. The net energy outcome of cyclic electron transport is
a. ATP.
b. ATP and NADH.
c. NADPH.
d. ATP and NADPH.
e. sugar.
____ 40. Photosynthesis and respiration have which of the following in
common?
a. In eukaryotes, both processes reside in specialized
organelles.
b. ATP synthesis in both processes relies on the
chemiosmotic mechanism.
c. Both involve electron transport.
d. Both require light.
e. a, b, and c
____ 41. During cyclic electron transport, the energy to produce ATP
is provided by
a. heat.
b. NADPH.
c. ground-state chlorophyll.
d. the redox reactions of the electron transport chain.
e. the Calvin cycle.
____ 42. The light reactions of photosynthesis provides the Calvin
cycle with
a. protons and electrons.
b. CO2 and glucose.
c. water and photons.
d. light and chlorophyll.
e. ATP and NADPH.
____ 43. The energy source for the synthesis of carbohydrates in the
Calvin cycle is
a. ATP only.
b. photons.
c. energized chlorophyll a.
d. NADPH + H+.
e. NADPH and ATP.
____ 44. How many moles of CO2 must enter the Calvin cycle for the
synthesis of one mole of glucose?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 6
e. 12
____ 45. The Calvin cycle uses _______ to produce glucose.
a. CO2
b. ATP
c. NADPH
d. rubisco
e. All of the above
____ 46. How is the Calvin cycle connected to the light reactions?
a. The light-induced pH changes activate rubisco.
b. The light-induced electron flow changes the shape of four
Calvin cycle enzymes.
c. The Calvin cycle needs the ATP produced in the light
reactions.
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
____ 47. The enzyme rubisco is found in
a. chloroplasts.
b. mitochondria.
c. the cytoplasm.
d. the nucleus.
e. yeast.
____ 48. A suspension of algae is incubated in a flask in the presence
of both light and CO2. When it is transferred to the dark, the
reduction of 3-phosphoglycerate to glyceraldehyde 3phosphate is blocked, and the concentration of ribulose 1,5bisphosphate (RuBP) declines. Why does the RuBP
concentration decline?
a. Ribulose bisphosphate is synthesized from glyceraldehyde
3-phosphate.
b. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is converted to glucose.
c. Ribulose bisphosphate is used to synthesize 3phosphoglycerate.
d. Both a and b
e. Both a and c
____ 49. During CO2 fixation, CO2 combines with
a. NADPH.
b. 3PG.
c. G3P.
d. water.
e. ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate.
____ 50. The NADPH required for the reduction of 3PG to G3P comes
from
a. the dark reactions.
b. the light reactions.
c. the synthesis of ATP.
d. the Calvin cycle.
e. oxidative phosphorylation.
____ 51. The NADPH required for 3PG reduction is formed
a. by the reduction of O2.
b. by the hydrolysis of ATP.
c. during the light reactions.
d. during carbon fixation.
e. in the mitochondria.
____ 52. After the removal of carbon, the oxygen in CO2 ends up
a. as atmospheric oxygen.
b. attached to carbon and hydrogen to form sugar (G3P).
c. in the soil.
d. attached to hydrogen to form water.
e. as rubisco.
____ 53. When CO2 is added to RuBP, the first stable product
synthesized is
a. pyruvate.
b. ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate.
c. 3PG.
d. ATP.
e. glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P).
____ 54. Heterotrophs are dependent on autotrophs for their food
supply. Autotrophs can make their own food by
a. feeding on bacteria and converting the nutrients into
usable energy.
b. using light and simple chemicals to make reduced carbon
compounds.
c. synthesizing it from water and CO2.
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
____ 55. Refer to the diagram below. What is the source of electrons
for the electron transport chain?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
FADH2
NADH-Q reductase complex
NADH + H+
Ubiquinone
Both a and c
AP Biology Ch 6 Study Guide Photosynthesis
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
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Concept 6.5 During Photosynthesis, Light Energy Is Converted to Chemical Energy
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Concept 6.5 During Photosynthesis, Light Energy Is Converted to Chemical Energy
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Concept 6.5 During Photosynthesis, Light Energy Is Converted to Chemical Energy
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Concept 6.5 During Photosynthesis, Light Energy Is Converted to Chemical Energy
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Concept 6.5 During Photosynthesis, Light Energy Is Converted to Chemical Energy
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Concept 6.5 During Photosynthesis, Light Energy Is Converted to Chemical Energy
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Concept 6.5 During Photosynthesis, Light Energy Is Converted to Chemical Energy
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Concept 6.5 During Photosynthesis, Light Energy Is Converted to Chemical Energy
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Concept 6.5 During Photosynthesis, Light Energy Is Converted to Chemical Energy
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Concept 6.5 During Photosynthesis, Light Energy Is Converted to Chemical Energy
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Concept 6.5 During Photosynthesis, Light Energy Is Converted to Chemical Energy
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Concept 6.5 During Photosynthesis, Light Energy Is Converted to Chemical Energy
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Concept 6.5 During Photosynthesis, Light Energy Is Converted to Chemical Energy
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Concept 6.5 During Photosynthesis, Light Energy Is Converted to Chemical Energy
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Concept 6.5 During Photosynthesis, Light Energy Is Converted to Chemical Energy
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Concept 6.5 During Photosynthesis, Light Energy Is Converted to Chemical Energy
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Concept 6.5 During Photosynthesis, Light Energy Is Converted to Chemical Energy
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Concept 6.5 During Photosynthesis, Light Energy Is Converted to Chemical Energy
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Concept 6.5 During Photosynthesis, Light Energy Is Converted to Chemical Energy
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Concept 6.5 During Photosynthesis, Light Energy Is Converted to Chemical Energy
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Concept 6.5 During Photosynthesis, Light Energy Is Converted to Chemical Energy
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Concept 6.5 During Photosynthesis, Light Energy Is Converted to Chemical Energy
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Concept 6.5 During Photosynthesis, Light Energy Is Converted to Chemical Energy
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Concept 6.5 During Photosynthesis, Light Energy Is Converted to Chemical Energy
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Concept 6.5 During Photosynthesis, Light Energy Is Converted to Chemical Energy
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Concept 6.5 During Photosynthesis, Light Energy Is Converted to Chemical Energy
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Concept 6.5 During Photosynthesis, Light Energy Is Converted to Chemical Energy
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Concept 6.5 During Photosynthesis, Light Energy Is Converted to Chemical Energy
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Concept 6.5 During Photosynthesis, Light Energy Is Converted to Chemical Energy
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Concept 6.5 During Photosynthesis, Light Energy Is Converted to Chemical Energy
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Concept 6.5 During Photosynthesis, Light Energy Is Converted to Chemical Energy
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Concept 6.5 During Photosynthesis, Light Energy Is Converted to Chemical Energy
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Concept 6.5 During Photosynthesis, Light Energy Is Converted to Chemical Energy
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Concept 6.5 During Photosynthesis, Light Energy Is Converted to Chemical Energy
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Concept 6.5 During Photosynthesis, Light Energy Is Converted to Chemical Energy
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Concept 6.5 During Photosynthesis, Light Energy Is Converted to Chemical Energy
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Concept 6.5 During Photosynthesis, Light Energy Is Converted to Chemical Energy
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Concept 6.5 During Photosynthesis, Light Energy Is Converted to Chemical Energy
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Concept 6.5 During Photosynthesis, Light Energy Is Converted to Chemical Energy
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Concept 6.5 During Photosynthesis, Light Energy Is Converted to Chemical Energy
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Concept 6.5 During Photosynthesis, Light Energy Is Converted to Chemical Energy
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Concept 6.6 Photosynthetic Organisms Use Chemical Energy to Convert CO2 to Carbohydrates
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Concept 6.6 Photosynthetic Organisms Use Chemical Energy to Convert CO2 to Carbohydrates
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Concept 6.6 Photosynthetic Organisms Use Chemical Energy to Convert CO2 to Carbohydrates
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Concept 6.6 Photosynthetic Organisms Use Chemical Energy to Convert CO2 to Carbohydrates
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Concept 6.6 Photosynthetic Organisms Use Chemical Energy to Convert CO2 to Carbohydrates
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Concept 6.6 Photosynthetic Organisms Use Chemical Energy to Convert CO2 to Carbohydrates
1. Remembering
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Concept 6.6 Photosynthetic Organisms Use Chemical Energy to Convert CO2 to Carbohydrates
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Concept 6.6 Photosynthetic Organisms Use Chemical Energy to Convert CO2 to Carbohydrates
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Concept 6.6 Photosynthetic Organisms Use Chemical Energy to Convert CO2 to Carbohydrates
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Concept 6.6 Photosynthetic Organisms Use Chemical Energy to Convert CO2 to Carbohydrates
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Concept 6.6 Photosynthetic Organisms Use Chemical Energy to Convert CO2 to Carbohydrates
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Concept 6.6 Photosynthetic Organisms Use Chemical Energy to Convert CO2 to Carbohydrates
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Concept 6.6 Photosynthetic Organisms Use Chemical Energy to Convert CO2 to Carbohydrates
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Concept 6.2 Carbohydrate Catabolism in the Presence of Oxygen Releases a Large Amount of Energy
4. Analyzing
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Concept 6.5 During Photosynthesis, Light Energy Is Converted to Chemical Energy
4. Analyzing
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