Senatorial campaign was least covered on TV; Aquino most covered by TV Patrol World, 24 Oras THE CMFR MONITOR OF MEDIA COVERAGE OF THE 2010 ELECTIONS BROADCAST DISCOURSE ANALYSIS (For the periods March 1‐5 and 8‐12, 2010) Introduction The Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility (CMFR) monitor of the election coverage of TV Patrol World (ABS‐CBN), 24 Oras (GMA‐7), and Teledyaryo (NBN‐4) from March 1 to 5 and 8 to 12 showed that about three out of every 10 of their news reports were about the elections. The news programs were focused on the presidential campaign and gave little coverage to the vice‐presidential, senatorial and party‐list campaigns. So fixated on the presidential campaign were all three news programs that there were even instances when the candidates for lower national positions were interviewed in connection with issues in the presidential elections. Number of reports 24 Oras had the least number of election reports even if it had the most number of news reports in its 10 episodes reviewed. The news program of GMA‐7 allotted only 19.7 percent of its telecast to the elections, compared to TV Patrol World’s 31.8 percent and Teledyaryo’s 34.2 percent. The senatorial campaign was the least covered, with the three news programs having a combined total of 19 reports about it. While Teledyaryo had 15 reports about party‐list groups, TV Patrol World and 24 Oras had a combined 10 reports, making the party‐list campaign the second least covered. (See Table 1) Table 1. Election‐related reports March 1‐5 and 8‐12, 2010 TV Patrol 24 Oras Teledyaryo TOTAL (ABS‐CBN 2) (GMA‐7) (NBN‐4) Election‐related reports 77 60 63 200 Presidential elections 35 38 35 108 Vice‐presidential elections 6 12 9 27 Senatorial elections 4 6 9 19 Party‐list elections Elections in general Total number of reports (news hole) % share (election‐related reports/news hole) 7 35 242 31.8% 3 13 305 19.7% 15 25 184 34.2% 25 73 731 27.4% Note: Election‐related reports may have more than one category. Placement More than half of the election‐related reports were aired by 24 Oras (35 out of 60, or 58.3 percent) and Teledyaryo (35 out of 63, or 55.6 percent) during the first half of the program. TV Patrol World, on the other hand, aired only 30 out of 77 election‐related reports (39.0 percent). The three news programs had only six election‐related reports as banner or lead story, accounting for a mere 3.0 percent. (See Table 2) of the total reports. Table 2. Placement of election‐related reports March 1‐5 and 8‐12, 2010 TV Patrol 24 Oras Teledyaryo TOTAL % share (ABS‐CBN (GMA‐7) (NBN‐4) 2) Banner/lead story 3 1 2 6 3.0% First half of the program 30 35 35 100 50.0% Second half of the program 44 24 26 94 47.0% Total per program 77 60 63 200 100.0% Most covered candidates and party‐list groups TV Patrol World and 24 Oras covered presidential candidate Sen. Benigno “Noynoy” Aquino III (Liberal Party) most, followed by Sen. Manuel “Manny” Villar Jr. (Nacionalista Party) and former Defense Secretary Gilberto Teodoro (Lakas‐Kampi). (The latter two presidential candidates tied for second in TV Patrol World.) Teledyaryo, on the other hand, gave the most coverage to Teodoro. Villar and Aquino came in second and third, respectively. The other seven presidential candidates were not given substantial coverage by the three news programs. Teledyaryo, in fact, did not cover contenders John Carlos de los Reyes (Ang Kapatiran) and Vetellano Acosta (KBL). (See Table 3) Table 3. Presidential candidates as news subjects March 1‐5 and 8‐12, 2010 TV Patrol 24 Oras Teledyaryo TOTAL (ABS‐CBN 2) (GMA‐7) (NBN‐4) Aquino, Benigno Simeon III "Noynoy" 22 23 6 51 Cojuangco (LP) Villar, Manuel Jr. "Manny" Bamba (NP) 16 22 12 50 Teodoro, Gilberto Jr. "Gibo" Cojuangco 16 18 15 49 (Lakas‐Kampi) Estrada Ejercito, Joseph "Erap" Marcelo 13 14 3 30 (PMP) Gordon, Richard "Dick" (B.Bayan‐VNP) 7 14 4 25 Villanueva, Eduardo "Bro. Eddie" Cruz (BP) 6 10 5 21 Madrigal, Ma. Ana Consuelo "Jamby" AS 4 11 3 18 (Ind) Perlas, Jesus Nicanor "Nick" Pineda (Ind) 3 11 2 16 De los Reyes, John Carlos "JC" Gordon (AKP) 3 10 0 13 Acosta, Vetellano "Dodong" Seinez (KBL) 2 8 0 10 Total per program 92 141 50 283 Among the vice‐presidential candidates, TV Patrol World covered Eduardo “Edu” Manzano (Lakas‐Kampi) the most, with the rest getting equal though scant coverage. Manzano and Manual “Mar” Roxas (Liberal Party) were the most covered on 24 Oras. Loren Legarda (Nationalist People’s Coalition), meanwhile, was the most covered vice‐
presidential candidate on Teledyaryo. Manzano, Legarda and Roxas got more substantial coverage than the other five vice‐
presidential candidates from the three news programs. In the case of Teledyaryo, only the three vice presidential candidates became news subjects. (See Table 4) Table 4. Vice‐presidential candidates as news subjects March 1‐5 and 8‐12, 2010 TV Patrol 24 Oras Teledyaryo TOTAL
(ABS‐CBN 2) (GMA‐7) (NBN‐4) Manzano, Eduardo "Edu" Barrios (Lakas‐ 7 6 4 17 Kampi) Legarda, Loren "Loren" Bautista (NPC) 2 5 6 13 Roxas, Manuel "Mar" Araneta (LP) 2 6 2 10 Sonza, Jose "Jay Sonza" Yumang (KBL) 2 5 0 7 Binay, Jejomar "Jojo" Cabauatan (PDP‐ 2 4 0 6 Laban) Yasay, Perfecto "Kidlat" Rivas (BP) 2 4 0 6 Fernando, Bayani "BF" Flores (B.Bayan‐ 2 3 0 5 VNP) Chipeco, Dominador Jr. "Jun" Fuentecilla 2 2 0 4 (AKP) Total per program 21 35 12 68 Given that there was little coverage of the senatorial elections, only 33 candidates were used as news subjects by the three news programs. Most of these news subjects were the most well‐known. The Commission on Elections (COMELEC) lists 61 senatorial candidates vying for the 12 slots in the senatorial elections. Re‐electionist Jinggoy Estrada (PMP) and Rep. Gilbert Remulla (NP) were the most covered candidates for senator. However, the coverage of even these two personalities was mainly on the controversies or issues surrounding their respective presidential candidates (e.g., PMP presidential candidate Joseph Estrada’s being heckled during a campaign rally). TV Patrol World had the least coverage of senatorial candidates as some of them were mentioned only 16 times in the 10 episodes monitored. Teledyaryo did so 18 times. 24 Oras had the most coverage at 38. (See Table 5) Table 5. Senatorial candidates as news subjects March 1‐5 and 8‐12, 2010 TV Patrol 24 Oras Teledyaryo TOTAL (ABS‐CBN 2) (GMA‐7) (NBN‐4) Estrada, Jinggoy Ejercito (PMP) 1 3 1 5 Remulla, Gilbert Cesar Catibayan (NP) 0 3 2 5 Defensor Santiago, Miriam Palma (PRP) 1 2 1 4 Marcos, Ferdinand Jr. "Bongbong" 1 2 1 4 Romualdez (NP) Cayetano, Pilar Juliana "Pia" Schramm (NP) 1 1 1 3 Drilon, Franklin "Frank" Magtunao (LP) 1 1 1 3 Lambino, Raul Loyola (Lakas‐Kampi) 0 1 2 3 Langit, Rey Magat (Lakas‐Kampi) 0 1 2 3 Lapid, Manuel "Lito" Mercado (Lakas‐Kampi) 1 2 0 3 Papin, Imelda (BP) 0 2 1 3 Recto, Ralph Gonzalez (LP) 1 2 0 3 Revilla, Bong (Lakas‐Kampi) 0 2 1 3 De Venecia, Jose III "Joey" Perez 1 1 0 2 Enrile, Juan Ponce "JPE" (PMP) 1 1 0 2 Guingona, Teofisto III "TG" de lara (LP) 1 1 0 2 Hontiveros‐Baraquel, Ana Theresia "Risa H." 0 2 0 2 (LP) Inocencio, Ma. Katherine "Kata" L. Reyes 0 2 0 2 (BP) Lim, Danilo "General Danny" dela Puz (Ind) 1 0 1 2 Paredes, Zosimo Jesus II "Jess" Mendoza 0 1 1 2 (AKP) Pimentel, Gwendolyn "Gwen" de la Llana 1 1 0 2 (PDP Laban) Sotto, Vicente III "Tito" Castelo (NPC) 1 1 0 2 Biazon, Rozzano Rufino "Ruffy" Bunoan (LP) 0 1 0 1 Maza, Liza "Liza Maza ng Gabriela" Largoza 1 0 0 1 (Ind) Nikabulin, Adz "Count Habis" Ganih (BP) 0 1 0 1 Ocampo, Ramoncito "Monching" Poblete 0 1 0 1 (BP) Ocampo, Saturnino "Satur" Cunanan (Bayan 1 0 0 1 Muna) Ople, Susan "Toots" Vasquez (NP) 0 0 1 1 Osmeña, Emilio Mario "Promdi" Renner 1 0 0 1 (Promdi) Osmeña, Sergio III "Serge" de la Rama (Ind) 0 1 0 1 Querubin, Ariel "Marines" Oliva (NP) 0 0 1 1 Tamano, Adel Abbas (NP) 0 0 1 1 Tinsay, Alexander "Alex Tinsay" Britanico 0 1 0 1 (BP) Virgines, Israel "Dr. Israel" Nicolas (BP) 0 1 0 1 Total per program 16 38 18 72 The party‐list groups also suffered from scant coverage. 24 Oras, in fact, cited only once a party‐list group during the period under review. Teledyaryo, on the other other hand, used as news subject two party‐list groups three times. TV Patrol World covered eight party‐list groups 12 times. The three news programs only had as news subjects 10 party‐list groups. The Commission on Elections (Comelec) has accredited 187 party‐list groups. What coverage of the party list groups there was did not focus on their programs. That 1‐Utak was the most covered party‐list group had nothing to do with its platform or even its advocacy. The coverage focused on the controversy surrounding its first nominee, Energy Secretary Angelo Reyes. The same was true of Ang Galing Pinoy, whose first nominee was said to be presidential son and Rep. Mikey Arroyo. (See Table 6) Table 6. Party‐list groups as news subjects March 1‐5 and 8‐12, 2010 TV Patrol 24 Oras Teledyaryo TOTAL (ABS‐CBN 2) (GMA‐7) (NBN‐4) 1‐United Transport Koalisyon (1‐ 5 0 0 5 UTAK) / Angelo Reyes Trade Union Congress Party 1 0 2 3 (TUCP) Aksyon Magsasaka Partido Tinig ng 1 0 0 1 Masa (AKMA‐PTM) Anakpawis 1 0 0 1 Ang Galing Pinoy (AG) /Mikey 1 0 0 1 Arroyo Bayan Muna 1 0 0 1 Bayani 0 0 1 1 ECOL* 1 0 0 1 Kabataan Partylist 1 0 0 1 Partido ng Manggagawa (PM) 0 1 0 1 Total per program 12 1 3 16 * Not listed in the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) official list of 187 party‐list groups Election themes In terms of election themes, 24 Oras focused on personality. Teledyaryo’s coverage was mostly event‐oriented as it gave the most coverage on Campaign Conduct (which also happened to be the most covered theme if the data of the three news programs were totaled). TV Patrol World had the most coverage on Other Themes. (See Table 7) Table 7. Themes of election‐related reports March 1‐5 and 8‐12, 2010 TV Patrol 24 Oras Teledyaryo TOTAL (ABS‐CBN 2) (GMA‐7) (NBN‐4) Campaign Conduct 9 9 25 43 Development/Policy issues 9 10 11 30 Polls/Surveys 8 12 7 27 Other Comelec‐related issues 10 10 7 27 Other Themes 19 6 1 26 Contest/Horse race 11 12 2 25 Personality 7 17 1 25 Civil society and elections 8 4 7 19 Poll automation 6 6 5 17 The “Arroyo factor” 10 5 2 17 Campaign Finances 4 7 0 11 Election‐related violence/Peace and 3 1 2 6 order during elections Total per program 104 99 70 273 Development/Policy issues were the second most covered election‐related theme if the numbers of the three news programs were combined. The candidates’ statements or promises as regards solutions to the current power crisis were the most reported development/policy issue, followed by their platform of government and policy pronouncements on other pressing concerns. (See Table 8) Table 8. Most reported development/policy issues March 1‐5 and 8‐12, 2010 TV Patrol 24 Oras Teledyaryo TOTAL (ABS‐CBN 2) (GMA‐7) (NBN‐4) Power crisis Platform and policy 4 0 2 4 2 0 8 4 El Niño Narcopolitics Wage hike Political dynasties 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 2 3 1 0 3 3 3 2 Reproductive health 1 1 0 2 Women's rights Corruption Defense Economy 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 0 0 0 2 1 1 1 Education 1 0 0 1 Environment 0 1 0 1 Gay rights Insurgency Job creation Oil Price Regulation 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 Population control 1 0 0 1 Poverty 0 1 0 1 Rice 1 0 0 1 Voter's list 0 1 0 1 Total per program 13 16 11 40 TV Patrol World’s election‐related reports focused more on Other Issues. Among the top issues in this category were celebrity endorsements, the celebrities’ opinions on the elections, the prospects of having foreign observers, and vote‐buying. 24 Oras and Teledyaryo had two reports each on how the power crisis could affect the May 10 elections. (See Table 9) Table 9. Most reported other issues March 1‐5 and 8‐12, 2010 TV Patrol 24 Oras Teledyaryo TOTAL (ABS‐CBN 2) (GMA‐7) (NBN‐4) Celebrity endorsement Power crisis Celebrities' opinion about elections Foreign observers Vote‐buying 6 1 2 2 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 7 5 2 2 2 Business opportunities during elections Dacer murder case Election process Heckling Promotion for Kandidato TV program (GMA‐7) 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 KBL internal issues Military participation NPA collection 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 Political endorsement/support 0 1 0 1 Total per program 19 6 2 27 Candidates and party‐list groups as news sources Among the presidential candidates, the three news programs’ top news sources were Teodoro, Villar and Aquino. The other candidates were seldom used in the election‐
related reports during the period in review. Teodoro proved to be the top news source on TV Patrol World. On the other hand, 24 Oras had as top news sources Aquino and Villar; while Teledyaryo had Teodoro and Villar. (See Table 10) Table 10. Presidential candidates as sources March 1‐5 and 8‐12, 2010 TV Patrol 24 Oras Teledyaryo TOTAL
(ABS‐CBN 2) (GMA‐7) (NBN‐4) Teodoro, Gilberto Jr. "Gibo" Cojuangco 6 7 6 19 (Lakas‐Kampi) Villar, Manuel Jr. "Manny" Bamba (NP) 4 8 6 18 Aquino, Benigno Simeon III "Noynoy" 5 8 0 13 Cojuangco (LP) Estrada Ejercito, Joseph "Erap" Marcelo 3 5 0 8 (PMP) Villanueva, Eduardo "Bro. Eddie" Cruz (BP) 2 3 2 7 Madrigal, Ma. Ana Consuelo "Jamby" AS 0 5 1 6 (Ind) Gordon, Richard "Dick" (B.Bayan‐VNP) 1 4 0 5 Perlas, Jesus Nicanor "Nick" Pineda (Ind) 0 3 1 4 De los Reyes, John Carlos "JC" Gordon 0 3 0 3 (AKP) Acosta, Vetellano "Dodong" Seinez (KBL) 0 2 0 2 Total per program 21 48 16 85 With the exception of Manzano, TV Patrol World did not use any vice‐presidential candidate as a news source. Minimal use of the vice‐presidential candidates as news sources was also apparent in 24 Oras and Teledyaryo. The latter had only Legarda and Manzano as vice presidential news sources. (See Table 11) Table 11. Vice‐presidential candidates as sources March 1‐5 and 8‐12, 2010 TV Patrol 24 Oras Teledyaryo TOTAL
(ABS‐CBN 2) (GMA‐7) (NBN‐4) Legarda, Loren "Loren" Bautista (NPC) 0 1 4 5 Manzano, Eduardo "Edu" Barrios (Lakas‐ 1 1 2 4 Kampi) Binay, Jejomar "Jojo" Cabauatan (PDP‐ 0 1 0 1 Laban) Roxas, Manuel "Mar" Araneta (LP) 0 1 0 1 Sonza, Jose "Jay Sonza" Yumang (KBL) 0 1 0 1 Yasay, Perfecto "Kidlat" Rivas (BP) 0 1 0 1 Chipeco, Dominador Jr. "Jun" Fuentecilla 0 0 0 0 (AKP) Fernando, Bayani "BF" Flores (B.Bayan‐ 0 0 0 0 VNP) Total per program 1 6 6 13 Like the vice‐presidential candidates, the senatorial candidates were also not that much used as news sources. In fact, 24 Oras only used five candidates while Teledyaryo used seven. TV Patrol World did not use a single senatorial candidate as a news source during the period in review. (See Table 12) Table 12. Senatorial candidates as sources March 1‐5 and 8‐12, 2010 TV Patrol 24 Oras Teledyaryo TOTAL
(ABS‐CBN 2) (GMA‐7) (NBN‐4) Remulla, Gilbert Cesar Catibayan (NP) 0 1 2 3 Papin, Imelda (BP) 0 1 1 2 Defensor Santiago, Miriam Palma (PRP) 0 1 0 1 Enrile, Juan Ponce "JPE" (PMP) 0 0 1 1 Estrada, Jinggoy Ejercito (PMP) 0 1 0 1 Lambino, Raul Loyola (Lakas‐Kampi) 0 1 0 1 Langit, Rey Magat (Lakas‐Kampi) 0 0 1 1 Marcos, Ferdinand Jr. "Bongbong" 0 0 1 1 Romualdez (NP) Ople, Susan "Toots" Vasquez (NP) 0 0 1 1 Tamano, Adel Abbas (NP) 0 0 1 1 Total per program 0 5 8 13 As regards party‐list groups, 1‐Utak was used as a news source but mainly on the choice of Defense Secretary Reyes as its first nominee. Ang Galing Pinoy was also mentioned in the context of Rep. Mikey Arroyo’s being its first nominee. (See Table 13) Table 13. Party‐list groups as sources March 1‐5 and 8‐12, 2010 TV Patrol 24 Oras Teledyaryo TOTAL (ABS‐CBN) (GMA) (NBN) 1‐Utak / Angelo Reyes 4 1 0 5 TUCP 2 0 0 2 Ang Galing Pinoy/Mikey Arroyo 1 1 0 2 Akma‐PTM 1 0 0 1 Bayan Muna 1 0 0 1 Bayani 0 0 1 1 Katribu 0 1 0 1 Partido Manggagawa (PM) 0 1 0 1 Total per program 9 4 1 14 Backgrounding and slant of election‐related reports Almost seven out of every 10 election‐related reports in the three news programs provided background information. This means that the broadcast journalists of TV Patrol, 24 Oras and Teledyaryo exerted enough effort to make their reports understandable to viewers. (See Table 14) Table 14. Background information in election‐related reports March 1‐5 and 8‐12, 2010 TV Patrol 24 Oras Teledyaryo TOTAL % (ABS‐CBN 2) (GMA‐7) (NBN‐4) share WITH background 52 39 37 128 66.3% information WITHOUT background 22 20 23 65 33.7% information Total per program 74 59 60 193 100.0% The slant of such reports was, for the most part, neutral. Only 20.7 percent of election‐
related reports were positive and 12.8 percent were negative. (See Table 15) Table 15. Slant of election‐related reports March 1‐5 and 8‐12, 2010 TV Patrol 24 Oras Teledyaryo TOTAL % (ABS‐CBN 2) (GMA‐7) (NBN‐4) share Positive 4 10 28 42 20.7% Negative 3 13 10 26 12.8% Neutral 67 41 27 135 66.5% Total per program 74 64 65 203 100.0% Note: Reports may have more than one slant. Six presidential candidates got a positive slant in the election‐related reports of the three news programs, though Teledyaryo provided the most positive slant in two of them, Teodoro and Villar. 24 Oras gave substantial positive slant to Aquino and Villar. On the other hand, TV Patrol World had very minimal positive slant to Aquino and Teodoro. The vice‐presidential and senatorial candidates received had little positive slant given the little coverage they got from the three news programs. The same case applied to the party‐list groups of which only two received a positive slant. (See Table 16) Table 16. Positive slant of candidates March 1‐5 and 8‐12, 2010 TV Patrol 24 Oras Teledyaryo TOTAL (ABS‐CBN 2) (GMA‐7) (NBN‐4) Presidential Villar, Manuel Jr. "Manny" Bamba (NP) 0 6 8 14 Teodoro, Gilberto Jr. "Gibo" Cojuangco 1 3 9 13 (Lakas‐Kampi) Aquino, Benigno Simeon III "Noynoy" 1 6 1 8 Cojuangco (LP) Estrada Ejercito, Joseph "Erap" Marcelo 0 4 0 4 (PMP) Villanueva, Eduardo "Bro. Eddie" Cruz (BP) Gordon, Richard "Dick" (B.Bayan‐VNP) Vice‐presidential Legarda, Loren "Loren" Bautista (NPC) Binay, Jejomar "Jojo" Cabauatan (PDP‐
Laban) Fernando, Bayani "BF" Flores (B.Bayan‐VNP) Roxas, Manuel "Mar" Araneta (LP) Senatorial Hontiveros‐Baraquel, Ana Theresia "Risa H." (LP) Papin, Imelda (BP) Paredes, Zosimo Jesus II "Jess" Mendoza (AKP) Pimentel, Gwendolyn "Gwen" de la Llana (PDP Laban) Remulla, Gilbert Cesar Catibayan (NP) Party‐list AKMA‐PTM Bayani Total per program Note: Reports may have more than one slant. 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 0 1 0 3 1 2 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 3 1 0 0 29 0 0 1 23 1 1 1 55 24 Oras had the most negative slant on presidential candidates Sen. Richard Gordon (Bagumbayan), Sen. Ana Consuelo Madrigal (Independent) and Villar. Teledyaryo had minimal negative slant in its reports on Aquino and Gordon. TV Patrol World, meanwhile, did not have any negative slant in its reports on any of the presidential candidates. While 24 Oras did not have a negative slant on any vice‐presidential candidate and party‐list group, TV Patrol World and Teledyaryo had minimal negative slant on two vice presidential candidates (Manzano and Roxas) and one party‐list group (1‐Utak). No senatorial candidate suffered from any negative slant, but it had nothing to do with objective reporting but was the result of the scant coverage the senatorial campaign received during the period under review. (See Table 17) Table 17. Negative slant of candidates March 1‐5 and 8‐12, 2010 TV Patrol (ABS‐CBN 2) Presidential Gordon, Richard "Dick" (B.Bayan‐VNP) 0 Madrigal, Ma. Ana Consuelo "Jamby" AS 0 (Ind) Villar, Manuel Jr. "Manny" Bamba (NP) 0 24 Oras (GMA‐7) 3 3 Teledyaryo (NBN‐4) 1 0 TOTAL 3 0 3 Aquino, Benigno Simeon III "Noynoy" 0 Cojuangco (LP) De los Reyes, John Carlos "JC" Gordon (AKP) 0 0 2 2 2 0 2 Estrada Ejercito, Joseph "Erap" Marcelo 0 (PMP) Perlas, Jesus Nicanor "Nick" Pineda (Ind) 0 2 0 2 2 0 2 Teodoro, Gilberto Jr. "Gibo" Cojuangco 0 (Lakas‐Kampi) Villanueva, Eduardo "Bro. Eddie" Cruz (BP) 0 2 0 2 2 0 2 Acosta, Vetellano "Dodong" Seinez (KBL) 0 1 0 1 Vice‐presidential Manzano, Eduardo "Edu" Barrios (Lakas‐ 1 Kampi) Roxas, Manuel "Mar" Araneta (LP) 0 Party‐list 1‐Utak / Angelo Reyes 1 Total per program 2 Note: Reports may have more than one slant. 0 0 1 0 0 20 1 0 4 1 1 26 4 3