Wheatbelt Regional
Plan 2013 – 2018
(Version 1 - Endorsed September 2013)
RDA Wheatbelt Strategic Regional Plan 2013-2018
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DISCLAIMER
This Strategic Regional Plan was prepared by Regional Development Australia Wheatbelt Inc. and does not
necessarily represent the views of the Australian Government, its officers, employees or agents. Any
representation, statement or opinion expressed or implied is made in good faith and on the basis that the
committee, Government, its employees and agents are not liable for any damage or loss whatsoever which
may occur as a result of action taken or not taken, as the case may be, in respect of any representation,
statement, opinion or advice referred to herein. Professional advice should be obtained before applying the
information contained in this document to particular circumstances.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
All images in this document were supplied by Michelle Blackhurst of “A Flash of Life Photography” or through
entries to the Wheatbelt Photographic competition (2010) unless otherwise stated.
FURTHER INFORMATION
The RDA Wheatbelt Strategic Regional Plan is available to download as a PDF on our website:
www.rdawheatbelt.com.au
For further information regarding the Regional Plan please contact:
Executive Officer
Rebekah Burges
Phone Number: (08) 9625 1504
Email: rebekah.burges@rdawheatbelt.com.au
OR
Regional Development Australia Wheatbelt Inc.
3 Constable St, Gingin, WA 6503
Phone: (08) 9575 1888
Email: admin@rdawheatbelt.com.au
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
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MESSAGE FROM THE CHAIR
It gives me great pleasure to present the Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-2018. The Plan is a five year outlook for the
Wheatbelt region that aims to inform decision makers about appropriate policy for our area and provide a focus for
investment. It outlines our vision and objectives and more importantly it describes the actions that RDA Wheatbelt
will undertake in the next 12 months to work toward achieving better outcomes for our region.
The Wheatbelt Regional Plan examines challenges and identifies opportunities for our region taking in to consideration
megatrends and the COAG key determinants of long-term regional economic growth. The Plan also provides key social,
economic and environmental data and information for our region. This profiling along with our extensive consultation
has provided us with a strong evidence base to determine the strategies and actions that will have the most impact
on addressing challenges and help our region reach its potential.
The Wheatbelt Regional Plan is a unique and important document in that it is referred to across all Australian
Government Departments and can influence policy at this level. Because of the importance of this document we will
update it on an annual basis to ensure that we are adequately and accurately reflecting the challenges and
opportunities for the region.
On behalf of RDA Wheatbelt I would like to acknowledge the contribution made by regional stakeholders in the
development of the Wheatbelt Regional Plan and we look forward to continuing to work together in delivering the
actions identified in this Plan.
Cynthia McMorran
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
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CONTENTS
MESSAGE FROM THE CHAIR ................................................................................................................. 3
CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................................ 4
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.......................................................................................................................... 6
REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AUSTRALIA ..................................................................................................................... 6
THE WHEATBELT REGIONAL PLAN ............................................................................................................................ 6
STRUCTURE OF THE PLAN ......................................................................................................................................... 6
THE WHEATBELT REGION.......................................................................................................................................... 7
REGIONAL PRIORITIES ............................................................................................................................................... 7
STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK .......................................................................................................................................... 8
IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISMS ............................................................................................................................ 8
CONTEXT ............................................................................................................................................................. 9
1
MEGATRENDS AND FUTURE INDICATORS ............................................................................... 9
1.1
MORE FROM LESS ......................................................................................................................................... 9
1.2
GOING, GOING, GONE................................................................................................................................... 9
1.3
THE SILK HIGHWAY...................................................................................................................................... 10
1.4
FOREVER YOUNG ........................................................................................................................................ 10
1.5
VIRTUALLY HERE.......................................................................................................................................... 11
1.6
GREAT EXPECTATIONS ................................................................................................................................ 11
1.7
IMPLICATIONS FOR THE WHEATBELT ......................................................................................................... 12
2
REGIONAL OVERVIEW............................................................................................................ 15
2.1
GEOGRAPHY AND LOCATION ...................................................................................................................... 15
2.2
DEMOGRAPHICS.......................................................................................................................................... 17
2.3
ECONOMY ................................................................................................................................................... 19
2.4
SOCIETY AND PEOPLE .................................................................................................................................. 22
2.5
ENVIRONMENT............................................................................................................................................ 37
2.6
REGIONAL TRENDS ...................................................................................................................................... 39
3
FRAMEWORKS ....................................................................................................................... 41
3.1
COMMONWEALTH PRIORITIES ................................................................................................................... 41
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
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3.2
STATE PRIORITIES ........................................................................................................................................ 42
3.3
LOCAL GOVERNMENT PRIORITIES............................................................................................................... 42
ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................................................................... 43
4
COAG KEY DETERMINANTS OF LONG-TERM REGIONAL ECONOMIC GROWTH .................... 43
4.1
HUMAN CAPITAL ......................................................................................................................................... 43
4.2
SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES ..................................................................................................................... 44
4.3
ACCESS TO MARKETS .................................................................................................................................. 44
4.4
COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE & BUSINESS COMPETITIVENESS ................................................................... 45
5
RAI [IN]SIGHT DATA ............................................................................................................... 45
ACTION AGENDA................................................................................................................................................ 46
6
VISION .................................................................................................................................... 46
7
PRIORITY REGIONAL PROJECTS & INITIATIVES ...................................................................... 47
7.1
INFRASTRUCTURE ....................................................................................................................................... 47
7.2
PLANNING ................................................................................................................................................... 51
7.3
LEADERSHIP & ADVOCACY .......................................................................................................................... 53
8
IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISMS ......................................................................................... 54
9
REVIEW .................................................................................................................................. 54
REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................................................... 55
APPENDIX 1 ....................................................................................................................................................... 57
ACRONYMS........................................................................................................................................................ 64
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AUSTRALIA
Regional Development Australia (RDA) is a partnership
between the Australian, State and Local Governments
that aims to develop, strengthen and ensure the longterm sustainability of Australia’s regions. RDA
Wheatbelt Inc. is part of a national network of 55 RDA
committees representing regional areas across the
country.
RDA WHEATBELT – WORKING
WHEATBELT COMMUNITY
FOR
In preparing the Wheatbelt Regional Plan
consideration was given to Commonwealth, State and
Regional priorities. The COAG key determinants of
long-term regional economic growth and megatrends
were also examined to identify challenges and
opportunities for the region.
THE
RDA Wheatbelt is a locally based, not-for-profit,
incorporated association governed by a volunteer
committee, who come from varied personal and
professional backgrounds and bring a wealth of
knowledge and experience to the organisation.
RDA Wheatbelt engages with local communities and
other stakeholders to identify issues and barriers and
to highlight opportunities for the sustainable social and
economic growth of our region.
To address regional priorities RDA Wheatbelt:




Advocates for our region to Government
Coordinates and facilitates collaboration on
initiatives across relevant stakeholders
Assists communities in shaping projects that
align with identified priorities for the region
and that will have broad reaching impact (i.e.
beyond one community or local government
area)
Raises awareness of programs, initiatives and
legislation that will impact (either positively or
negatively) on regional projects and initiatives
THE WHEATBELT REGIONAL PLAN
The Wheatbelt Regional Plan is a five year strategic
outlook for the Wheatbelt region that aims to inform
decision makers about appropriate policy for our area
and provide a focus for investment.
The plan has been developed through extensive
consultation as well as desk top research to ensure that
the actions and strategies identified are based on
robust evidence.
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
STRUCTURE OF THE PLAN
The Wheatbelt
components:
Regional
Plan
has
three
key
CONTEXT
Provides a discussion on megatrends and future indicators and
outlines implications for the Wheatbelt region. This section also
provides a comprehensive overview of the region and a
discussion on priorities at a regional, state and federal level.
ANALYSIS
This section outlines key challenges and opportuniteis for the
Wheatbelt region using the COAG Key Determinants as a
framework for discussion.
ACTION AGENDA
The Action Agenda outlines our vision for the region and the
priority infrastructure, planning and leadership projects that
are requred to help us achieve this vision.
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THE WHEATBELT REGION
The Wheatbelt region is situated in the south west of
Western Australia and comprises an area of 154,862
square kilometres, extending out to the north, east and
south east of the Perth metropolitan area. The region
is home to approximately73, 817 people (projected
June 2012 Population, 2011 ABS census) making it the
third most populous region in the State.

The Wheatbelt is divided in to four distinct but interconnected sub regions, each of which is serviced by a
regional centre. The four sub regions are:
 Avon, with Northam as its commercial centre;
 Central Coastal and Central Midlands to the north,
with Moora as its commercial centre;
 Central East, with Merredin as its commercial
centre; and
 Central South, with Narrogin as its commercial
centre
There are no major cities in the Wheatbelt. Northam is
the largest regional centre with an estimated resident
population of 6580 (ABS, 2011). The clear division of
the Wheatbelt in to sub-regions makes it unique to
other regions in Western Australia as with no one
dominant regional centre the infrastructure and
service provision models that work in other areas are
not suitable for this context.
The Wheatbelt is so called because of its extensive
agricultural industry. The region is the primary
producer of cereal crops in the state and contributes
other agricultural products such as canola, olives,
vegetables, wine grapes, honey, citrus fruits and
livestock. Whilst agriculture remains the dominant
industry, the economy of the region is also supported
by mining, commerce, retail, manufacturing, fishing
and tourism.




REGIONAL PRIORITIES
 The Wheatbelt’s population is increasingly skewed
toward the ageing end of the scale, with 10.3% of
our population aged 70+ as compared to the state
average of 8.2%. There is already significant
pressure on aged care infrastructure and services
in the Wheatbelt and this will continue to increase
according to population projections that suggest by
2026 one in four people in this region will be over
the age of 65 (Western Australian Planning
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18

Commission, 2012). Substantial investment in
infrastructure and services for an ageing
population is critical to ensure that we can meet
the needs of this demographic.
Agriculture is fundamental to the region’s
economy as the second highest contributor to
gross regional product (after Mining) and by far the
largest employment sector (24.3% of the total
Wheatbelt workforce). Over the past decade, the
Wheatbelt agricultural industry has been
adversely impacted by poor commodity prices,
increased input costs, drought and other climatic
and environmental factors. The survival of this
industry is contingent upon a shift away from
traditional farm practices and farm business
models.
The Wheatbelt region as a whole is experiencing
population growth. This growth, however, is not
evenly spread. Coastal and peri-urban areas are
experiencing growth while communities in the
Eastern and Southern Wheatbelt have declined in
population. This creates significant challenges for
planning in the region and necessitates a subregional approach to economic and social
planning in the Wheatbelt.
Low unemployment rates within the Wheatbelt
whilst being desirable also create complications for
industry growth in the region. If businesses are to
expand or establish in the region they need to be
able to attract workers and with already low
unemployment, the pool of labour is limited within
the region. Workforce planning is imperative in the
face of predicted State wide labour shortages.
Current demand for water in the Wheatbelt is
generally being met, however it is anticipated that
water demand will increase as a result of
population growth, particularly in the Avon Arc
and coastal areas (WAPC, 2012). Opportunities to
improve water supply, storage and harvesting
need to be investigated to address this increased
demand.
The natural attributes of the region, particularly the
coastal strip, make it particularly suitable for
renewable energy projects including large scale
wind farms. Connection costs and capacity
restraints in the distribution network are inhibiting
the development of energy generation and limiting
the regions ability to contribute to the renewable
generation market.
Accommodation as social infrastructure relates to
the provision of residences for various groups in the
community including aged, workers, visitors,
families and youth. The lack of diverse and suitable
housing stock is a key developmental issue for the
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Wheatbelt. Multi-purpose housing developments
to accommodate the needs of different sectors of
the community are required across the region.
 According to the 2011 ABS Census 25.7% of
dwellings in the Wheatbelt have no internet
connection. Furthermore a “State of Small Business
Research Project” (SBDC, 2012) indicates that
Wheatbelt small businesses have the lowest
corporate website presence in the State. As we
move in to the “digital age” online participation is
going to become increasingly important,
particularly for business and the aforementioned
data suggests that efforts to improve uptake of
digital technologies should be a focus for the
Wheatbelt.
 An extensive national, State and local road and rail
network serves the Wheatbelt region and plays an
integral role in inter-regional and interstate freight
through its connections to major ports in Perth and
Albany, the North of the State and the eastern
states of Australia. Investing in this infrastructure is
imperative to secure the future of the transport
network of the region.
 According to the 2011 Census, approximately 36%
of the population in the Wheatbelt RDA region aged
15 years and over have attained a Year 12 or
equivalent certificate, which is a considerably lower
attainment rate than Western Australia with an
average of 49%. Furthermore there are limited
opportunities to participate in post-secondary
education in the region. Improvements to
education infrastructure is required to improve the
quality and accessibility of education/training
within the Wheatbelt.

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


IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISMS
It is not the intention of RDA Wheatbelt to oversee all
of the initiatives outlined in the Action Agenda
described in the Wheatbelt Regional Plan; rather we
will focus on the projects we believe we are well
positioned to action and achieve real outcomes for our
region.
RDA Wheatbelt has identified five priorities for action
during 2013-14
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK
Vision for the Region
RDA Wheatbelt’s vision for the region is:
When this vision is realised the Wheatbelt will have:

Utilities (power, water, telecommunications)
that meet demand and enable further growth
(business and people) in the region
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
Drive strategic investment in the region to support
social and economic growth.
Provide leadership and advocacy for investment in
strategic transport infrastructure.
Implement the Wheatbelt Digital Action Plan.
Provide leadership in efforts to improve children’s
and youth services in the region.
Investigate “renew” initiatives to reinvigorate
empty spaces and enhance cultural and artistic
opportunities in the region.
The projects identified were chosen based on the
following criteria:

“A “possibility belt” that grows as a result of vibrant
and diverse people, industry and environment (built
and natural)”
Digitally
enabled
and
well-connected
communities and businesses
A value adding and adaptive agriculture
industry that meets food production, supply
and distribution needs domestically and
internationally
A strong and sustainable economy built on
diverse industry that is responsive to emerging
and niche markets
Safe, well networked and inclusive
communities that have services and
infrastructure that meet the needs of a diverse
demographic profile
A safe and efficient transport network that
supports a thriving logistics industry
Equitable access to high quality health/medical
services and education/training opportunities



The initiative aligns with the regional, state and
national priorities
The initiative is a good fit with the RDA Charter
and Roles
The initiative will advance the vision, purpose and
objectives of RDA Wheatbelt
There is strong likelihood of funding, or an active
partnership, to get results on the issue
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CONTEXT
1
MEGATRENDS AND FUTURE
INDICATORS
The “Our Future World” report by CSIRO (Hajkowicz &
Littleboy, 2012) identifies six interlinked megatrends
that will shape the way we live in Australia over the
next 20 years. The following section summaries these
key trends and highlights opportunities for the
Wheatbelt region.



MORE FROM LESS
1.1
The earth has limited supplies of natural mineral,
energy, water and food resources that are essential for
human survival and maintaining lifestyles. Many of
these resources are being depleted at sometimes
alarming rates. CSIRO predicts that climate change will
place pressure on water and food production systems,
while at the same time population growth and
economic growth will place upward pressure on
demand.
1.1.1






SUMMARY OF PREDICTED TRENDS
The Global population is expected to reach 9
billion people by 2043 (UNESA, 2012) and is
forecasted to level off at over 10 billion people
(United Nations, 2011). This growth will place
pressure on scarce natural resources.
World economic output is expected to grow from
$78trillion in 2011 to $111trillion by 2017. Median
growth rates for advanced economies will range
from 0.8% to 2.1%, whilst developing economies
will grow 4.1% to 4.4%. This will see a rise in the
middle class.
Global water will become scarcer as demand is
forecast to increase by 55% between 2000 and
2050, with the largest increases coming from
manufacturing, electricity and domestic use.
Total water consumption in Australia is forecast to
rise by 42% by the year 2026 and 76% by the year
2056 compared to 2009 levels (WSAA, 2010). The
increased demand is likely to be associated with
price rises.
The Australian Bureau of Agricultural Resource
Economics and Sciences (Syed et al., 2010)
forecasts 35% growth in total energy consumption
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18



1.2
over the period 2008 to 2030. The most rapidly
growing sources of energy will be natural gas and
coal seam gas (3.4% per year) and renewables
(3.5% per year).
Worldwide energy use is forecast to rise by 40%
between 2009 and 2035. All sources of energy are
forecast to experience growth, however
renewable energy will still on make a minor
contribution to world energy use by 2035.
During the period 2011 to 2035 the world is
forecast to spend some US$38 trillion on energy
supply infrastructure to meet growing demand.
The Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO)
forecast that food production needs will increase
by 70% by the year 2050 to meet demand (FAO,
2009). This includes growth in annual cereal
production from 2.1 billion tonnes to 5.1 billion
tonnes and meat production from 200 million
tonnes to 470 million tonnes. The world loses 12
million hectares of productive agricultural land
each year to land degradation (UNCCD, 2011).
Factors such as income growth, biofuel
production, climate variability, trade distortions,
rising oil prices and urbanisation are considered
likely to push up food prices into the future (OECD
and FAO, 2011).
Currently 1% of the world’s arable land area is
devoted to biofuel production. This is forecast to
grow to between 2.5% to 3.8% by the year 2030
(IEA & OECD, 2006).
As water and other resources become scarce
relative to demand the risk of conflict is
heightened.
Mining in the future may happen above the
ground more than below the ground as ore grades
decline and resource rich “waste” is recycled.
GOING, GOING, GONE
Coming decades will see billions of people added to the
world population and the continued rapid
industrialisation of the emerging economies. Many
habitats, plant species and animal species are in
decline or are on the brink of extinction. Greenhouse
gas emissions and climate change herald potentially
unforeseen consequences on our natural and human
systems.
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1.2.1





SUMMARY OF PREDICTED TRENDS
The three main components of biodiversity - that
is genes, species and ecosystems - are all
continuing to show signs of decline.
Extensive degradation and fragmentation of
habitats continues to be a leading cause of
biodiversity loss and diminished ecosystem
services.
Although the rate has slowed deforestation
continues to occur.
The number and extent of protected areas,
particularly critical biodiversity sites, has
increased since 2002 and efforts to protect these
sites are increasing.
Climate change will continue to impact on
animals, plant species and humans in a significant
way as a result of extreme weather events, sea
level rise, higher temperatures and changed
environmental conditions.

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



THE SILK HIGHWAY
1.3
Coming decades will see the world economy shift from
west to east and north to south. Rapid income growth
in Asia and, to a lesser extent, South America and Africa
will see billions of people transition out of poverty and
into the middle income classes.
The powerhouses of the new world economy are China
and India. Both countries have continued to grow their
economies rapidly during and after the financial crises
of the last decade. Strong economic growth is forecast
by many analysts to continue over coming decades
This will build new export markets, trade relations,
business models and cultural ties for Australia.
Tourists, funds and ideas will increasingly flow out of
Asian countries and into Australia’s economy and
society. Australia’s cultural composition will also
become more diverse. People with Asian ancestry will
make up an increasingly large portion of the Australian
population.
1.3.1


SUMMARY OF PREDICTED TRENDS
The hotspot of world economic activity will shift to
a location firmly between China and India by 2030.
Economic growth is forecast to slow in the short
term for Asia and the world. Despite this, the five
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18

1.4
year outlook by the International Monetary Fund
(2012) still has year on year economic growth at
8% for the developing Asia region compared to
economic growth in advanced economies of
around 2% to 3%.
By 2030 the bulk of global GDP will be generated
from non OECD countries (OECD, 2010). This is a
major shift for the world economy.
As a result of a growing middle class the
composition of imports in to Asia will shift toward
high value add goods such as cars, office
equipment and technology.
The growth of Australia’s economy will be closely
linked to the growth of China and India
Tourism will emerge as a growth export industry
for Australia.
Commodity prices are expected to decline from
2012 and impact on the Australian economy which
is heavily dependent on coal, iron ore, gold and
other minerals to generate export income.
Economic growth in China is forecast to slow,
which may mean a move away from rapid
industrialisation toward a more services oriented
phase of development. This will decrease demand
for Australian mineral exports.
Australia might be able to identify and develop
new niche industries to feed in to the Asian
market.
FOREVER YOUNG
The ageing population may be seen as an advantage to
Australia’s economy and society. Retaining some level
of connection to the workforce later in life, via
appropriate tapered retirement models, may lead to
better physical and mental health outcomes for
individuals. In addition this may open up under-utilised
highly valuable knowledge resources
Nevertheless, there are some challenges associated
with an ageing population and associated demographic
trends. Two of these challenges include Australia’s
widening retirement savings gap and rapidly escalating
healthcare expenditure. This will change people’s
lifestyles, the services they demand and the structure
of the labour force.
People will retire later in life, gradually wind back and
change duties in a tapered model of retirement and
spend increasingly large sums of money through the
healthcare system to combat age related illnesses.
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1.4.1







1.5
SUMMARY OF PREDICTED TRENDS
By the year 2050 there will only be 2.7 people of
working age to support every Australian aged 65,
compared to 5 in 2010 and 7.5 in 1970 (Australian
Government, 2010).
The world population as a whole is ageing. In 1950
8% of the world’s people were over 65 years old.
This grew to 11.2% by 2011 and is forecast to
reach 22% by 2050.
One of the reasons the Australian, and world,
population is ageing is because of longer life
expectancy. Advances in medical sciences and
healthcare over time mean that people will live
longer in the future.
The retirement savings gap (i.e. the shortfall in
savings for the current workforce to have a
comfortable retirement) is estimated at $836
billion or $79,200 per person as of 30 June 2011
(Rice Warner Actuaries, 2011).
The combined pressures of ageing and the
retirement savings gap might redefine the
concept of retirement into the future and see
more people maintain a form of reduced
employment in retirement rather than ceasing
work altogether.
Lifestyle related illnesses (e.g. diabetes and
obesity) are on the rise in Australia and worldwide
but at the same time people are more aware of
health issues and are investing more in fitness.
The ageing population and lifestyle illnesses are
drivers of growing healthcare expenditure. There
is growth in spending on all areas of healthcare:
hospitals, medical benefits, pharmaceuticals and
private health insurance.
VIRTUALLY HERE
The world is becoming more connected. People,
businesses and governments are increasingly moving
into the virtual world to deliver and access services,
obtain information, perform transactions, shop, work
and interact with each other.
Online retail and teleworking in Australia represent less
than 10% of total retail sales and less than 10% the
workforce composition. But they are forecast to grow
rapidly. Both have the ability to change labour markets,
retail models, city design and transportation systems.
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
1.5.1






SUMMARY OF PREDICTED TRENDS
It is expected that online retail will continue to
grow and contribute to a structural shift in the
Australian economy. Retail trade already
contributes $59 billion to the Australian economy
and employs 1.2 million people.
Collaborative consumption (i.e. using the same
product through some type of sharing
arrangement) will be boosted by continued
development of innovative online transaction
platforms.
Modern information and communication
technology will increasingly remove the necessity
for many workers to visit a physical location and
see a rise in teleworking arrangements and
alternative models of working.
The integrated logistics industry –encompassing
road, rail and shipping freight – has experienced
revenue growth of 6.5% per year for the past six
years (IBISWorld, 2012). The growth of online
commerce is likely to be accompanied by a growth
in background logistics operations.
We may see a rise in freelancing (i.e. Portfolio
workers supplying their services to a range of
companies) and off-shoring (i.e. sourcing
employment from other countries) models.
An inevitable consequence of society’s movement
into the digital world is the rising threat of
cybercrime.
GREAT EXPECTATIONS
1.6
People of the future will have expectations for more
personalised, better and faster services. They will seek
higher-end experiences due to income growth and the
oversupply of mass consumables. Social relationships
will hold increased importance given the potential for
social media and digital communication burnout and
the desire for face-to-face interaction. Conversely, for
the millions of impoverished people in the world the
expectations are still for the basic necessities of life
such as water, food, clothing, shelter and personal
security.
1.6.1

SUMMARY OF PREDICTED TRENDS
In both the developed and developing world
incomes will grow considerably over coming
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








decades. With this people will be in a position to
look beyond the basic necessities of life in search
for higher level services and experiences.
Relative to population and income growth
material consumption is declining in countries
with advanced economies. This is due to more
efficient production processes and consumer
preferences for experiential services as opposed
to physical products. As people become wealthier
they spend more money on activities such as
tourism, education and entertainment.
As people and countries become wealthier they
will redirect discretionary income towards
education services.
Over the past two decades Australian households
have substantially increased weekly expenditure
on art, culture and entertainment. Film, digital
media and literature have experienced the biggest
jumps.
Marketers have long sought to personalise
products and services to increase sales. Modern
technologies will allow personalisation to leapfrog
into new territory.
Retail turnover is growing in the experience
oriented sectors and contracting in the products
oriented sectors.
Moral and ethical dimensions are increasingly
important to consumers. Recent decades have
seen a growth in the number of products labelled
as environmentally and socially responsible.
The growing popularity of social media has
potential to lead to isolated groups within society
that are unable to derive the necessary bonding
social capital. However, there is a possible flipside.
Social media may also permit greater connectivity
for people isolated from friends due to geographic
barriers or physical and mental health restrictions.
Even though the situation is improving many of
the world’s people, including some disadvantaged
demographics in Australia, live in survival mode.
They have an expectation not for higher-order
experiences but for basic necessities (food, water,
shelter, clothing, and personal safety).
The severity and extent of global poverty is
reducing over time. But far too many people still
live in poverty and closing the gap will be a priority
of the international community for decades to
come.
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
1.7
IMPLICATIONS FOR THE WHEATBELT
The Megatrends outlined by CSIRO present great
opportunity for the Wheatbelt region.
1)
2)
3)
4)
Food Production: As the largest producers of new
and traditional agricultural products in Western
Australia (accounts for 50% of all production in the
State), the Wheatbelt is in a unique position to be
able to grow existing agricultural production and
diversify in to new markets to meet the demand
for food from the rising Australian and world
population. The current downturn in this industry
resulting from unfavourable climatic and market
conditions does necessitate a shift away from
traditional farm practices and business models for
the Wheatbelt to gain maximum benefit from this
trend.
Sustainable Farming: As outlined in the “More
from Less” megatrend, the need for food
(particularly cereal crops and livestock) is growing
at the same time prime agricultural land is
declining. Continued research and development in
to sustainable farming practices is a real
opportunity for the Wheatbelt. Our farmers are
already recognised as some of the best dry land
farmers in the world and this knowledge could
become a saleable asset as other parts of the
world look to replicate the successes.
The
expansion of existing research and development
facilities in the region, such as the Merredin
Dryland Research Institute (operated by the
Department of Agriculture and Food WA) is one
way that this could be achieved.
Biofuel: The expected growth in Biofuel
production and demand for this source of fuel
could be met by Wheatbelt agricultural producers.
As outlined in the “Biodiesel for the Wheatbelt
Feasibility Report” (Oilseeds WA) biodiesel is an
important fuel option for rural and urban WA. It is
relatively easy to manufacture, is renewable and
has better lubricating and environmental
properties than mineral diesel. The greatest
impediment at present is that volumes of
feedstock required are extremely large and make
production unfeasible. Further research and
development in this area is therefore required.
Tourism: The Wheatbelt is in a prime position to
capitalise on the growing demand for experiential
Page | 12
5)
6)
7)
8)
services (e.g. tourism), particularly for the Asian
market. The clear skies and open spaces that are a
trade mark of the Wheatbelt are highly attractive
to Asian (and other) tourists who venture from
densely
populated
urban
environments.
Innovative and targeted marketing of the regions
tourism assets is required to improve knowledge
of the Wheatbelt as currently it is not a wellknown area to tourists domestically or
internationally.
Water Consumption: Underground water
reserves and saline affected water in the region
could meet demands for domestic and industrial
water. Given that water prices are expected to
rise this could represent an economic opportunity
for the region as water will become a highly valued
and potentially expensive commodity. Costs
associated with accessing and treating this water
is a current impediment that would need to be
overcome to realise the potential of this
commodity.
Renewable Energy: The Wheatbelt region has
favourable conditions for renewable energy
generation (e.g. solar, wind and geothermal),
particularly along the coastal strip. There are
currently a number of large scale renewable
generation projects proposed for the region and
with improvements to the transmission network
they will be in a position to progress.
Niche Industries: The availability of land coupled
with the region’s proximity to major ports at
Kwinana and Albany puts it in a prime position to
accommodate emerging niche industries in
response to International demand (e.g. growing
and packaging a diverse range of food products).
Further exploration of demand and supply
possibilities is warranted to identify the actual
potential for the region.
Ageing Population: Wheatbelt communities offer
affordable housing and safe environments which
are attractive to older generations. This combined
with the work that is being done to improve health
services through the Southern Inland Health
Initiative (refer to section 2.4.3 of this Plan for
further detail) and the integrated aged care
planning that is being rolled out across the region,
puts us in good stead to not only meet the
challenges of an ageing population but to embrace
this trend as an economic opportunity.
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
Investment in aged care infrastructure identified
through the current planning processes is
required to better position the region to
accommodate more, older people.
9) Background Logistics: Running through the
Wheatbelt are two of the State’s most significant
transport routes – the Great Eastern and Great
Northern Highway. The region is essentially the
gateway between Perth and the North of WA and
the East Coast of Australia. Additionally there is a
substantial rail network within the region.
Because of this connectedness there is great
potential for the development of inland ports or
intermodal hubs to receive and distribute goods.
Upgrades to road and rail infrastructure in the
region are required to secure the future of the
transport network of the region.
10) Teleworking: The Wheatbelt region is home to
many well educated and talented people.
Unfortunately due to factors such as isolation or
family commitments not all of these people are
currently able to access employment. Teleworking
presents a huge opportunity for the Wheatbelt
region as it will allow people who are unable to
travel to a place of work to be engaged in the
workforce from their own home. This will help to
meet workforce challenges within the region and
provide opportunities for people to offer their
services nationally and even internationally. For
telework to become a more viable option for
individuals and businesses, improvements to
telecommunications infrastructure, such as that
being provided through the NBN roll-out, is
essential.
Image: Gravity Discovery Centre, Gingin
Page | 13
Image: Wheatbelt RDA Region
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
Page | 14
REGIONAL OVERVIEW
2.1
GEOGRAPHY AND LOCATION
The Wheatbelt region is situated in the south west of
Western Australia and comprises an area of 154,862
square kilometres, extending out to the north, east and
south east of the Perth metropolitan area. The region
is home to 73, 817 people (Projected June 2012
Population, 2011 ABS census) making it the third most
populous region in the State, after Peel and the South
West.
The Wheatbelt is a large and diverse region
encompassing a range of environments, social and
economic
characteristics.
Opportunities
and
constraints differ greatly across the region, especially
when comparing the high growth peri-urban and
coastal communities with the broad acre farm land in
the east and south of the region.
The population of the Wheatbelt is dispersed over 43
Shires and approximately 160 towns, villages and
smaller settlements with the highest density occurring
in towns closest to Perth. Travelling towards the far
north and east of the Wheatbelt, there are further
distances between towns and a smaller concentration
of people. There are no major cities in the Wheatbelt.
Northam is the largest regional centre with an
estimated population of 6,580.




Avon
Central Coastal and Central Midlands
Central East
Central South
30,000
25,000
20,000
Population
2
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
Avon
Central
Midlands and
Coastal
Central South
Central East
2002
25,179
17,426
18,934
11,036
2012
26,326
19,278
18,371
9,842
Figure 1: Estimated Regional Population for Wheatbelt Sub-regions
(2002 - 2012). Source: Department of Regional Development (RDR)
and the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS)
2.1.1.1
AVON
The Avon sub-region had a projected population of
26,326 people as of June 2012. The Avon encompasses
the Shires of Beverley, Cunderdin, Dowerin,
Goomalling, Koorda, Northam, Quairading, Tammin,
Toodyay, Wyalkatchem and York (refer to table 1 for a
breakdown of individual Shire populations). According
to 2011 ABS Census data, the population of this subregion increased by 445 people between 2011 and
2012.
The town of Northam, with a population of
approximately 6,580 (2011 ABS Census) is the main
service centre for this sub-region. Northam is
recognised as a “Super Town” under the State
Government’s Regional Centres Development Program
and through targeted investment aims to reach a
population of 20,000.
Image: Guilderton Park, Located in the Gingin Shire
2.1.1
WHEATBELT SUB-REGIONS
The Wheatbelt is divided in to four distinct but interconnected sub regions, each of which is serviced by a
regional centre. The four sub regions are:
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
In 2011 agriculture was the most common industry of
employment for most Local Government Areas in the
Avon at an average of 30% of the employed workforce.
Whilst agriculture and related service industries are
still a major contributor to the economy of this subregion other industries such as tourism,
manufacturing, retail and a range of emerging
enterprises are of increasing importance and this trend
is likely to continue given the close proximity of many
parts of this sub-region to Perth. Northam and Toodyay
Page | 15
are two of the closer towns to the Perth metro area and
exhibit this trend with less than 10% of employment in
agriculture compared to higher employment in retail
trade and public administration relative to the subregion.
Image: Beverley Station Gallery located in the Avon sub-region
The Avon has extensive educational, health,
recreational and cultural services. The sub region also
offers affordable housing and business premises,
including established light and heavy industrial
precincts ideal for manufacturing and new industry.
Region/LGA
Beverley (S)
Cunderdin (S)
Dowerin (S)
Goomalling (S)
Koorda (S)
Northam (S)
Quairading (S)
Tammin (S)
Toodyay (S)
Wyalkatchem (S)
York (S)
2002
2007
2012
% AAGR
2011-12
1yr
1,577
1,424
805
966
488
10,297
1,140
438
4,140
680
3,224
1,672
1,310
733
992
469
10,382
1,088
405
4,424
578
3,319
1,599
1,341
693
1,007
445
11,137
1,065
415
4,612
535
3,477
0.4
-0.2
-0.3
-0.2
0
3.1
-0.7
0
1.9
-0.4
1.1
% AAGR
2007-12
5yr
-0.9
0.5
-1.1
0.3
-1
1.4
-0.4
0.5
0.8
-1.5
0.9
%
AAGR
200212
10yr
0.1
-0.6
-1.5
0.4
-0.9
0.8
-0.7
-0.5
1.1
-2.4
0.8
Table 1: Avon Sub-regional population (2002 - 2012) with
Percentage increase/decrease in Average Annual Growth Rate (%
AAGR). Source: RDR and ABS
2.1.1.2
CENTRAL EAST
The Central East comprises of a large number of small
communities in an expansive geographical area with a
total projected population of 9,842 people as of June
2012. This represents a 0.6% decrease from the
previous year. The Central East sub-region includes the
Shires of Bruce Rock, Kellerberrin, Merredin, Mount
Marshall, Mukinbudin, Narembeen, Nungarin,
Trayning, Westonia and Yilgarn. One third of the subregion’s population resides in the service centre of
Merredin which is located 260kms east of Perth.
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
The sub-region’s economy is heavily reliant on the
agricultural industry although there has been a
significant increase in mining activity over recent years
(the highest level of mining activity occurs in this subregion). Additionally there is significant investment
occurring in the education, alternative energy and
aviation industries.
Region/LGA
2002
2007
2012
Bruce Rock (S)
Kellerberrin (S)
Merredin (S)
Mt Marshall (S)
Mukinbudin (S)
Narembeen (S)
Nungarin (S)
Trayning (S)
Westonia (S)
Yilgarn (S)
1098
1,209
3,706
669
698
972
273
390
241
1,780
994
1,239
3,390
624
577
904
260
391
253
1,558
969
1,223
3,318
484
505
817
234
352
280
1,660
% AAGR
2011-12
1yr
-2.7
1.1
-1
0.2
0.4
-2
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.1
% AAGR
2007-12
5yr
-0.5
-0.3
-0.4
-5
-2.6
-2
-2.1
-2.1
2
1.3
% AAGR
2002-12
10yr
-1.2
0.1
-1.1
-3.2
-3.2
-1.7
-1.5
-1
1.5
-0.7
Table 2: Central East Sub-regional population (2002 - 2012) with
Percentage increase/decrease in Average Annual Growth Rate (%
AAGR). Source: RDR and ABS
2.1.1.3
CENTRAL MIDLANDS AND
COASTAL
The Central Midlands and Coastal sub-region had a
projected population of 19,278 in 2012. Shires in this
sub-region include Chittering, Dalwallinu, Dandaragan,
Gingin, Moora, Victoria Plains and Wongan-Ballidu. The
sub-region’s main service centre is Moora; however
Jurien Bay is emerging as a regional centre for the
coastal strip due to its high growth and status as a
“Super Town” under the State Government’s Regional
Centres Development Program.
Agriculture in the Central Midlands is diversifying with
several horticulture based businesses (e.g. citrus,
grapes, olives, nuts and vegetables) developing in the
Shires of Dandaragan, Gingin and Moora due to high
rainfall, suitable groundwater and proximity to
markets. Mining and resource extraction also
continues to contribute to the sub-region’s economy.
The Central Coast (coastline extending from Guilderton
to Jurien Bay) is in a unique position to benefit greatly
from increased accessibility as a result of the opening
of the Indian Ocean Drive and greater awareness of the
attributes the area has to offer through clever
marketing. This sub-region is increasingly recognised as
a popular tourist, recreation and retirement
destination.
Page | 16
Region/LGA
3,059
1,806
2,923
4,401
2,696
979
3,895
1,395
3,108
4,609
2,518
937
4,676
1,309
3,331
4,970
2,562
931
3.7
0.5
1.6
3.5
0.5
0.5
3.7
-1.3
1.4
1.5
0.3
-0.1
%
AAGR
200212
10yr
4.3
-3.2
1.3
1.2
-0.5
-0.5
1,562
1,430
1,499
2.2
0.9
-0.4
2002
Chittering (S)
Dalwallinu (S)
Dandaragan (S)
Gingin (S)
Moora (S)
Victoria Plains (S)
Wongan-Ballidu
(S)
2007
2012
% AAGR
2011-12
1yr
% AAGR
2007-12
5yr
Table 3: Central Midlands and Coastal Sub-regional population
(2002 - 2012) with Percentage increase/decrease in Average
Annual Growth Rate (% AAGR). Source: RDR and ABS
2.1.1.4
CENTRAL SOUTH
The Central South comprises an approximate
population of 18,371 people and includes the Shires of
Brookton, Corrigin, Cuballing, Dumbleyung, Kondinin,
Kulin, Lake Grace, Narrogin Shire, Narrogin Town,
Pingelly, Wagin, Wandering, West Arthur, Wickepin
and Williams.
The projected ABS 2011 Census data provided in Table
4 below indicates that 60% of Local Government areas
in this sub-region have experienced population decline
over the years from 2002 to 2012.
Significant opportunities for manufacturing businesses
to cater for the agricultural and resources sector exist
in the Central South. Of all of the Wheatbelt subregions, the Central South has the highest average
percentage of overall employment in the agriculture
industry at 39.4%, with Shires such as Dumbleyung
(53.3%), West Arthur (57.5%) and Wickepin (50.3%)
skewing the average higher.
2.2
DEMOGRAPHICS
The population of the Wheatbelt region has been
steadily growing over the past four years and
projections from the 2011 ABS Census indicate that the
population reached 73,817 in June 2012 (please note
that this is a projected estimate only).
Between 2002 and 2012 the Wheatbelt region
increased in population by 1.71%. Whilst the
population of the region has increased overall, as Figure
1 demonstrates, the Central East and Central South
sub-regions of the Wheatbelt have experienced a
decline in population over this time.
The Annual Average Growth Rates between years
2002, 2007 and 2012 provided in Tables 1 through 4,
show that population decline has occurred in many
Local Government areas in each sub-region. Over the
last decade, the greatest percentage population
decline has been in the Shires of Dalwallinu, Mount
Marshall and Mukinbudin, all experiencing a -3.2%
growth rate.
The average annual growth rate for the Wheatbelt
region over the past ten years (2002-2012) is 0.2%. This
minimal growth rate could be a result of a declining
population of the farming community due to
increasingly difficult times for the agricultural sector. It
could also be attributed to increasing competition for
labour in growth areas of the state such as the Pilbara
and Kimberley regions.
74,000
73,500
Region/LGA
2002
2007
2012
Brookton (S)
Corrigin (S)
Cuballing (S)
Dumbleyung (S)
Kondinin (S)
Kulin (S)
Lake Grace (S)
Narrogin (S)
Narrogin (T)
Pingelly (S)
Wagin (S)
Wandering (S)
West Arthur (S)
Wickepin (S)
Williams (S)
1,035
1,293
724
741
1,035
915
1,585
4,747
801
1,210
1,883
350
922
742
951
1028
1,185
843
673
1,028
883
1,508
4,486
888
1,221
1,936
392
890
769
915
978
1,087
891
616
1,057
846
1,392
4,450
906
1,185
1,913
447
900
760
943
% AAGR
2011-12
1yr
2.3
-0.1
0.8
-1
-0.9
-0.9
-0.9
2.1
1
-0.6
1.5
0
0.9
-0.9
1.3
% AAGR
2007-12
5yr
-1
-1.7
1.1
-1.8
0.6
-0.9
-1.6
-0.2
0.4
-0.6
-0.2
2.7
0.2
-0.2
0.6
% AAGR
2002-12
10yr
-0.6
-1.7
2.1
-1.8
0.2
-0.8
-1.3
-0.6
1.2
-0.2
0.2
2.5
-0.2
0.2
-0.1
Table 4: Central South Sub-regional population (2002 - 2012) with
Percentage increase/decrease in Average Annual Growth Rate (%
AAGR). Source: RDR and ABS
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
73,000
72,500
72,000
71,500
71,000
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Population 72,575 72,633 71,964 72,160 72,142 72,099 72,364 72,783 72,833 72,856 73,817
Figure 2: Wheatbelt Population Growth (2002 - 2012)
Source: ABS 2011 Census
The highest average annual growth rate between 2002
and 2012 has been in the Shire of Chittering at 4.3%
followed by the Shire of Wandering at 2.5%. Population
Page | 17
growth in the Shire of Chittering over recent years
could be attributed to the areas close proximity to
Perth, which makes it attractive for those who are
struggling to meet the high cost of housing in Perth or
for commuters, retirees and families who are seeking a
semi-rural lifestyle. The Shire of Wandering’s proximity
to Perth is also a determining factor in its positive
growth, as well as nearby mining and resource
developments.
physical infrastructure is in place to accommodate the
needs of this demographic.
ABS statistics from the 2011 Census indicate that, 4.7%
of the Wheatbelt population identified themselves as
an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander (approximately
3,293 people). This is a higher proportion than for the
whole of Western Australia (3.1%).
The percentage of people born overseas (or not
specified) increased from 19% of the Wheatbelt
population in 2001 to 23% in 2011. According to the
2011 Census there are a diverse range of ethnic groups
represented in the Wheatbelt including people from
German (316), Indian (152), Italian (190) and Philippine
(482) decent. According to ABS Census data, in 2011
there were 320 people in the Wheatbelt who indicated
they could either not speak English well or not at all.
In 2011, males represented 51.5% of the population in
the Wheatbelt region. As demonstrated in Figure 3,
there are more males than females in all age groups
except in the 25 to 44 years range.
Just over half (52.7%) of the Wheatbelt population
were aged 40 years or over in 2011. In 2011 the
percentage of the population aged between 15 and 34
was much lower for the Wheatbelt (20.5%) than
Western Australia (29.0%) as a whole.
2.2.1
These statistics support the perception that younger
people leave smaller Wheatbelt communities in favour
of larger urban and metropolitan centres for education
and employment opportunities.
EMPLOYMENT CHARACTERISTICS
Agriculture is the predominant industry of the
Wheatbelt region and as such a large percentage of the
population is employed either directly or indirectly in
this industry sector.
According to the 2011 Census 24.3% of Wheatbelt
workers were employed in the agriculture, forestry and
fishing industries. This is down from 33.3% in 2001
(refer to Figure 4), which represents a 23.9% reduction
of people employed in this industry sector.
Employment in this industry within the Wheatbelt is
markedly higher than the proportion of the labour
force employed in these industries across the rest of
the State, with a total workforce representation of only
2.4% (ABS 2011).
On the flip side the percentage of the Wheatbelt’s
population aged 70 and above (10.3%) was greater
than that of WA as a whole (8.2%). The most significant
implications of an ageing population are that the
proportion of the community available to participate in
the labour force is reduced, and the demand for
community and health services will increase. Local
Government planning for an ageing community is
imperative to ensure the appropriate social and
4.5
4.0
Wheatbelt (Male)
Wheatbelt (Female)
WA (Male)
WA (Female)
Percentage of Population
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
85+ years
80-84 years
75-79 years
70-74 years
65-69 years
60-64 years
55-59 years
50-54 years
45-49 years
40-44 years
35-39 years
30-34 years
25-29 years
20-24 years
15-19 years
10-14 years
5-9 years
0-4 years
0.0
Figure 3: Percentage of Population according to Age & Gender - WA and the Wheatbelt (2011). Source: ABS 2011 Census
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
Page | 18
Following agriculture, the next major industries for
employment in the Wheatbelt include education and
training (8.2%), health care and social assistance (8.0%)
and retail trade (8%).
Whilst still only employing 4.4% of the workforce in
the Wheatbelt, the mining industry has experienced
the highest rate of growth between 2001 and 2011,
with a 98.6% increase. This growth corresponds with an
increase in activity within this sector in the region.
Unemployment in the region has traditionally
remained lower than the State average. As at
December 2012 the region’s unemployment rate was
2.6% compared to the State average of 4.3% (DEEWR,
SALM Data 2013). The unemployment rate in the
Wheatbelt decreased from 2.8% in December 2011.
The region’s labour force grew 3.2% between
December 2011 December 2012, from 44, 859 to
46,305 persons (SALM Data 2013). The region’s share
of the State’s labour force declined from 3.9% in 2004
to 3.5% in 2011 (Department of Training & Workforce
Development, 2012).
Labour force participation of Aboriginal people is lower
than that of non-Aboriginal at a state level and the
Wheatbelt is no different in this regard. The Central
Midlands region records the highest Aboriginal
participation level, at 55.6% compared to other sub
regions and is higher than the participation rate of the
Aboriginal population of Western Australia
(Department of Training & Workforce Development,
2012)
In 2009 DEEWR undertook a survey of employers’
recruitment experiences in the Midlands-Wheatbelt
Employment Service Area. The survey showed that
labour market conditions in the region were strong,
with 57% of employers experiencing recruitment
difficulty and about 4% of vacancies unfilled.
According to this report the main reasons for
employers finding recruitment difficult were the lack
of technical (job-specific) skills, location and soft skills
(personal attributes) and the most common reasons
applicants were considered unsuitable were lack of
experience and insufficient qualifications or training to
perform job duties. Higher levels of recruitment
difficulty were associated with the construction
industry, with over half of the vacancies unfilled.
The low unemployment rate within the Wheatbelt
whilst being desirable also creates complications for
industry growth in the region. If businesses are to
expand or establish in the region they need to be able
to attract workers and with already low
unemployment, the pool of labour is limited within the
region.
2.3
ECONOMY
True to its name, the Wheatbelt is Western Australia’s
highest regional contributor to agriculture with an
industry value of $2 billion in 2010-11. But whilst the
indicative gross regional product (GRP) in 2011-12 at
$6.4 billion has buoyed the agricultural industry,
mining has eclipsed agriculture in terms of industry
share. The top five industries in the Wheatbelt in 201112 were mining (30%), agriculture, fisheries and
forestry (16%), construction (10%), personal and other
services (7%) and transport and storage (6%).
35
30
2001
25
20
15
2006
2011
10
5
0
Figure 4: Percentage of People Employed by Industry in the Wheatbelt. Source: ABS 2011 Census
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
Page | 19
2.3.1
AGRICULTURE
future if currently un-scoped underground water is
made accessible.
Agriculture is fundamental to the region’s economy.
The Wheatbelt region is the principal contributor of
agricultural commodities in Western Australia. In 201011, the gross value of agriculture production (GVAP) in
the Wheatbelt was $2.7 billion, which accounted for
50% of Western Australia’s production ($5.4 billion).
As per Figure 5, wheat was the most important
commodity in 2010-11, contributing 31% ($846 million)
to the GVAP in the Wheatbelt. Following the staple
cereal crop was wool at $444 million along with sheep
and lambs at $423 million, each accounting for
approximately 16% of the total GVAP. Canola and
barley each contributed to approximately 8% of the
regions GVAP at $220 million and $206 million,
respectively.
In 2010-2011 the Wheatbelt accounted for the total
value of the WA asparagus and passionfruit
production, approximately 93% of oat production, 89%
of olive production and 74% of vegetables grown for
seed.
Over the past decade, the Wheatbelt agricultural
industry has been adversely impacted by poor
commodity prices, increased input costs, drought and
other climatic and environmental factors. According to
a report from the Department of Agriculture and Food
WA (2011), since season 2008 WA broad acre farm
businesses, as a whole, have experienced poor years
with sizeable negative farm business profit being
recorded in 2009-10 and 2010-11. Cash incomes have
been substantially reduced, indebtedness has
increased, equities have eroded and low or negative
rates of return to capital have been generated. This has
significantly impacted on the farming community and
local businesses that service the agricultural industry.
Grain production is expected to prevail as the
dominant agricultural activity in the region for the
foreseeable future; however major horticultural
development is expected to occur through the western
shires of Dandaragan and Gingin. According to the WA
Planning Commission (WAPC, 2012), current water
allocations in these areas could see horticulture
production increase by 30-50% over coming years.
Horticulture in inland Wheatbelt is currently limited;
however developments may be possible in to the
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
Figure 5: Gross Value of Agricultural Production (GVAP) in
Wheatbelt WA (2010-11). Source: ABS
2.3.1.1
TREE FARMING AND PLANTATIONS
Whilst not a major contributor to the gross value
agricultural production, in 2010-11 the Wheatbelt had
a total forestry plantation area of 226,500 hectares,
comprised of approximately 183,000 hectares of
hardwood and 35,000 hectares of softwood. Total log
supply from plantations in the WA National Plantation
Inventory region is forecast to increase to 4.6 million
cubic metres a year for the 2015-19 period, producing
mainly hardwood pulp logs (75%).
2.3.1.2
COMMERCIAL FISHERIES AND
AQUACULTURE
There are very few aquaculture activities in the
Wheatbelt given the limited availability of protected
deep waters typically required by this sector and the
relatively minimal coastline of the region. Commercial
fisheries are therefore based primarily on the wildcaught western rock lobster in the regions only two
coastal Shires of Dandaragan and Gingin. With the
Wheatbelt accounting for 65% of the state’s wild-catch
production in 2010-11, the regions rock lobster catch
of 1,451 tonnes equates to over 27% of this WA total.
The dominance of the western rock lobster in the
Page | 20
2.3.2
The manufacturing industry accounted for only a small
percentage (3.8%) of the total Gross Regional Product
for the Wheatbelt in 2011-12. In 2006-2007 the regions
manufacturing sector generated an estimated $519
million.
There are approximately 288 manufacturing
operations in the Wheatbelt including flour milling,
engineering and metal fabrication works, cabinet
making and furniture manufacture, mineral sands
processing, brick making, abattoir activities and
seafood processing.
The Avon sub-region has taken advantage of its
proximity to Perth, developing the Avon Industrial Park
featuring 203 hectares of industrial land in a total par
area of 473 hectares. The transport, logistics and
manufacturing sector has contributed 21% to the
Avon’s sub-regional value-added industry growth,
increasing by over 15% between 2006-07 and 2010-11
to $67 million.
With the opening and expansion of Industrial Parks, the
regions close proximity to Perth, growth in other
economic activities (e.g. mining) and the low cost of
industrial land it is anticipated that manufacturing
activities in the region will continue to expand and
create valuable employment opportunities.
2.3.3
$1,400
$1,342m
$1,200
$1,000
$800
$507m
$600
$505m
$300m
$400
$200
Gypsum and
Heavy Mineral
Sands
Nickel, Copper
and Salt
Other
$17m
$-
Gold and Silver
MANUFACTURING
$1,600
Iron ore
The difficult economic climate for export has also seen
the regions fledgling aquaculture sector of finfish and
yabbies continue to significantly drop from $849,200 in
2007-08 to $696,700 in 2008-09 and again in 2010-11
to $678,000.
Value of Commodity (millions)
Wheatbelt’s $51 million (2010-11) fishing industry has
meant that the high Australian dollar and industry
restructuring has negatively impacted the gross value
since 2006-07.
Figure 6: Value of Minerals and Petroleum by Commodity for the
Wheatbelt (2011-12). Source: Department of Mines and
Petroleum
In 2011-12 the Wheatbelt generated approximately
$2.7 billion in mineral production. As shown in Figure
7, the value of mining in the region has risen
significantly since 2004-05 with a 220% increase in the
last five years. The local government areas with the
highest contribution to this sector in 2011-12 in the
Wheatbelt are the Shire of Yilgarn at $1.52 billion
(57%), the combined Shires of Dalwallinu and Kondinin
at $520 million (19%) and the Shire of Dandaragan at
$503 million (19%). Since the reopening of the Edna
May Gold Mine in 2010, the Shires of Westonia and
Lake Grace have also experienced an increase in mining
production to $123 million in 2011-12.
It is anticipated that the Wheatbelt mining sector will
experience growth given prospects for the mining of
bauxite-alumina in the western part of the Wheatbelt,
kaolin resources in Meckering and Narrogin and shale
gas in areas within the Dandaragan and Gingin Shires
(WAPC, 2012).
MINING AND RESOURCES
The Wheatbelt region contains a diverse range of
mineral resources such as iron ore, nickel, copper, salt,
gypsum, heavy mineral sands, gold and silver, and has
numerous prospective tenements (refer to Figure 6).
Figure 7: Value of Mineral Production in the Wheatbelt 1994-95
to 2011-12. Source: Department of Mines and Petroleum
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
Page | 21
Wheatbelt
10.00
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
2.3.5
RETAIL
Retail turnover is a good indicator of consumer
confidence and the growth of this sector in the
Wheatbelt over the past decade (average annual
growth rate of 4.7%) is indicative of the robust
economy within Western Australia.
As depicted in Figure 8, the annual percentage growth
in the retail sector peaked between 2005 and 2006 and
has slowed down in more recent years. The rapid drop
in 2007 – 2008 could be attributed to the Global
Financial Crisis which had a profound impact on
consumer confidence worldwide.
The retail sector in the Wheatbelt is likely to become
increasingly influenced by on-line sales and
competition from the metro area, which for the simple
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
2008-09
2007-08
2006-07
2005-06
2004-05
2003-04
0.00
Figure 8: Annual percentage growth in retail turnover - WA and
the Wheatbelt (2001-2009. Source: RDR and ABS
2.4
SOCIETY AND PEOPLE
2.4.1
Australia as a whole has experienced a decrease in
tourism activity due to the high Australian dollar
increased labour costs and volatile global economic
environment. The Wheatbelt hasn’t been excluded
from this trend but the increasing ‘Grey nomad’
visitors, domestic daytrip activity and international
tourism are valuable opportunities for the region.
WA
2002-03
The natural environment is the main attraction for
tourists in the Wheatbelt and includes landscape
features such as the Pinnacles and Wave Rock,
recreation on the coast, waterways and wildflowers.
There is a growing market for visits to the many
wineries, olive groves, orchards, honey producers, etc.
There are also cultural and heritage experiences for
visitors such as New Norcia with its Benedictine
monastery and York with its heritage buildings and
historical significance as the first inland European
settlement in Western Australia.
12.00
2001-02
The tourism industry in the Wheatbelt is an
increasingly important contributor to the economy.
The region’s close proximity to Perth ensures it
receives a large number of stopover visitors (primarily
domestic rather than international) and allows it to
cater for the day trip market. There were
approximately 470,000 overnight visitors to the
Wheatbelt between 2009 and 2011 with the average
length of stay at 3.1 nights. Of the overnight visitors to
Western Australia, 7.5% visit the Wheatbelt.
fact that the customer base is far greater, is generally
able to offer comparatively cheaper prices and a larger
range of goods and services.
2000-01
TOURISM
Annual percentage growth
2.3.4
2.4.1.1
UTILITIES
POTABLE WATER
The majority of reticulated water in the Wheatbelt is
supplied through the Goldfields Agriculture Water
Supply Scheme (GAWSS) which links to the Integrated
Water Supply System (IWSS). This system services the
Avon, Central East and parts of Wheatbelt South and
the Central Midlands and Coastal sub-regions, also
delivering water to Perth, the South West region and
Kalgoorlie-Boulder. Water from this supply system
comes from dams on the Darling Range, groundwater
and the Perth sea water desalination plant in Kwinana.
In 2011/2012 the water supplied into the IWSS was
sourced from 31% surface water, 46% groundwater
and 23% desalinated seawater.
The Great Southern Towns Water Supply scheme
(GSTWS) services the remainder of the Wheatbelt
South sub-region along with the Great Southern
region. The coastal settlements in the Central Midlands
and Coastal sub-region also heavily rely on
groundwater aquifers. Outside of the IWSS,
settlements are dependent on a range of independent
water sources, such as strategic community water
Page | 22
supply facilities (including surface water capture), nonstrategic Agriculture Area dams, rainwater collection
and groundwater.
The Water Corporation is the largest wastewater
license holder in Western Australia, with about 80% of
the states wastewater collected and treated occurring
in the Perth metropolitan area. Several Wheatbelt
Shires including Brookton, Dalwallinu, Dowerin,
Dumbleyung, Goomalling, Koorda, Lake Grace, Moora,
Victoria Plains, Wickepin and Yilgarn also hold
sewerage and non-potable water licenses.
Current demand for water in the Wheatbelt is
adequately met, however it is anticipated that water
demand will increase as a result of population growth,
particularly in the Avon Arc and coastal areas (WAPC,
2012). Worryingly there is no water supply planning for
Wheatbelt areas connected to the GAWSS and IWSS to
account for future population and industrial growth
and the associated demand on water.
According to the Wheatbelt Snapshot Series: Potable
Water (WDC, 2012a), to accommodate the aspirational
population target established in the SuperTowns
program, the Chidlow and Wundowie stations will
require an upgrade when demand nears 130 ML/day
(currently 125 ML/day). The cost of these upgrades is
estimated at $6 million each. Upgrades to
infrastructure at Mundaring will be required when
demand nears 170 ML/day (currently 142 ML/day).
This upgrade is estimated to cost $27.7 million.
Additional 13,000 residents in Northam would
consume another 11.3 ML/day.
According to WDC (2012a) currently there is no
additional funding available for these capital works
upgrades for the Water Corporation. The State budget
for 2013-14 does however allocate $7.2 million for
upgrade works on the Goldfields and Agricultural
Water Supply.
2.4.1.2
WASTE WATER
The lack of infill sewerage in a number of communities
is impacting on the environment and is hindering
further growth and development of the region.
Subsurface rock base and heavy clay soils in many areas
is not conducive to septic tanks and leaching of effluent
is a major health and environmental concern that
requires addressing. Development of commercial areas
in some towns is also being impacted upon as a direct
result of the lack of sewerage infrastructure. The Water
Corporations Infill Sewerage Program benefited a
number of Wheatbelt towns; however this initiative
has now been deferred.
The Water Corporation have identified that they are
exploring recycling opportunities to cater for
anticipated growth in wastewater volumes and
demand for non-drinking water in Northam and Jurien
Bay, both of which are designated as SuperTowns
(Water Corporation, 2013).
Image: Wheatbelt towns serviced by Water Corporation. Source: Water Corporation
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
Page | 23
2.4.1.3
WASTE MANAGEMENT
The need for sub-regional land-fill sites in the
Wheatbelt is becoming of increasing importance.
Existing facilities are not able to keep up with
community needs and new land-fill restrictions have
rendered some current facilities unusable.
Strategic waste management plans have been
prepared for all Wheatbelt local governments. Seven
plans cover 42 local governments and a further two
plans have been developed for individual shires
according to the following groupings:
 Western Wheatbelt Shires - Shires of Chittering,
Dalwallinu, Goomalling, Moora, Toodyay, Northam,
Victoria Plains and Wongan-Ballidu.
 Wheatbelt East Regional Organisation of Councils Shires of Bruce Rock, Kellerberrin, Merredin (lead),
Nungarin, Tammin, Westonia, and Yilgarn.
 North Eastern Wheatbelt Regional Organisation of
Councils - Shires of Koorda, Mt Marshall,
Mukinbudin, Trayning (lead), and Wyalkatchem.
 ROE Regional Organisation of Councils - Shires of
Corrigin, Kondinin (lead), Kulin, Narembeen.
 South-East Avon Regional Organisation of Councils Shires of Beverley, Brookton, Cunderdin,
Quairading and York (lead).
 Wagin group - Shires of Cuballing, Dumbleyung,
Lake Grace, Narrogin, Town of Narrogin, Shires of
Pingelly, Wagin (lead), Wandering, West Arthur,
Wickepin, Williams and Woodanilling.
 Shire of Dandaragan.
 Shire of Gingin.
Electricity Market. This means the system has no
outside support or backup.
The geographic reach of the SWIS presents difficulties
for the Wheatbelt, especially in the extremes of the
network, where supply can be unreliable (WAPC,
2012). The large number of aged wooden power poles
creates health and safety issues, and replacement and
maintenance programs are unable to deal with all of
them in the given time frames.
The East Country load area covers the eastern
Wheatbelt region. According to the Wheatbelt
Snapshot Series: Power and Energy (WDC, 2012b)
Western Power does not forecast any transmission
fault limits or thermal limits in the Eastern Country
Load Area in the next 5 years. This is assisted by the
Collgar Wind Farm.
The Collgar Wind Farm, built over a land envelope of
18,000Ha, has 111 Vestas V90 turbines with a power
production capacity of 206MW, generating on average
792,000 MWh per year (Collgar Wind Farm, 2013). This
is more than double the size and power generating
capacity of the next two biggest wind farms in WA, at
Walkaway near Geraldton and Emu Downs near
Cervantes.
The Collgar Wind Farm has almost doubled the level of
renewable energy in the SWIS from 5% to 9% (Collgar
Wind Farm, 2013). Stage Two of the Wind Farm has
been planned for (but is not yet funded) and would see
the construction of an additional 16 turbines.
In order for Local Governments to progress with the
implementation of these plans substantial financial
investment (from the private or Government sector) is
required.
2.4.1.4
ENERGY
The Wheatbelt is supplied with energy by the South
West Interconnected System (SWIS), through the
South West Interconnected Network (SWIN) and is
serviced by the North and East Country load areas.
The SWIN is a self-contained system, unlike major
urban areas elsewhere in Australia which are powered
through interconnected networks such as the National
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
Image: Collgar Wind Farm. Sourced from
http://www.collgarwindfarm.com.au/
The North Country load area services the northern area
of the Wheatbelt, covering the coastal areas to 150kms
inland. The North Country network was designed to
supply small distributed loads and as such, the network
does not have the capacity to meet the forecast
Page | 24
electricity needs of existing and prospective customers
(Western Power, 2010). To address these capacity
limitations Western Power has planned the Mid-West
Energy Project (MWEP). The project will alleviate
energy restrictions and support industry growth in this
region.
federal government’s RET target of 20% of all energy
generated to be renewable by 2020 will require
4,750GWh of renewable energy generation to meet
Western Australia’s needs (Western Power, 2010). At
present the only proven large scale renewable energy
generation technology is wind.
The MWEP southern section was approved as part of
the state government’s budget announcement in May
2012. This gives Western Power the go ahead to
continue work on the next steps of this project – one of
the largest transmission line projects ever undertaken
in Western Australia.
The natural attributes of the Wheatbelt’s coastal strip,
makes the region very attractive for renewable energy
proponents (Western Power, 2010). There are a
number of large scale renewable generation projects
currently proposed for this part of the region including
the:
At present power generation in the Wheatbelt is
limited to renewable energy sources, primarily wind
farms (e.g. Emu Downs located in the Dandaragn Shire
and Collgar located in the Merredin Shire). Further
adoption of renewable and clean energy sources are
being developed on a smaller scale across the region.
In 2012, the 0.02 megawatt Chittering Valley Solar
became a Renewable Energy Target (RET) accredited
power station, entitling it to create tradable certificates
for the renewable energy produced. Planning is also
underway for a cogeneration plant near Wagin in the
Central South sub-region utilising two biomass boilers
to convert oat husks into steam and electricity.
The



Badgingarra Wind Farm: APA Group (130MW)
Joanna Plains Wind Peaker Project: Griffin
Energy (106 MW duel fuel gas turbine power
station)
Dandaragan Wind Farm: Wind Prospect
(513MW)
The North Country transmission network, which
supplies electricity to this part of the region is limited
in its capacity to supply load growth and in its capacity
to connect generators to this network (Western Power,
2010). The MWEP will facilitate the connection of new
power generation projects such as the aforementioned
wind farms planned for the coastal area of the
Wheatbelt.
2.4.1.5
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
The communications network is critical in providing
access to resources, markets and trade opportunities.
It also contributes to social development as it
underpins the quality of life for many people and
makes life in regional areas more attractive.
According to the 2011 ABS Census 25.7% of dwellings
in the Wheatbelt have no internet connection. This
represents a significant improvement over the 2006
Census which indicated that a massive 42% of dwellings
were not connected to the internet. The most common
type of connection is broadband (62.9%), however
there are still some residents using a dial-up
connection (4.1%).
Image: Mid West Energy Project (Western Power 2012)
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
According to the “State of Small Business Research
Project” (SBDC, 2012) Wheatbelt small businesses have
the lowest corporate website presence in the State and
only 25% utilise social media for online marketing.
Page | 25
2.4.1.5.1.1 NATIONAL BROADBAND NETWORK
On 29 March 2012 the Prime Minister, the Hon. Julia
Gillard MP, and the Minister for Broadband,
Communications and the Digital Economy, Senator the
Hon. Stephen Conroy, announced the three year
construction plan for the fibre component of the
National Broadband Network (NBN), with more than
3.5 million new homes and businesses under
construction or completed by mid-2015. Included in
this three year plan are 19 communities located within
the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia.
Whilst many Perth metropolitan areas have already
begun accessing the NBN via the fibre and fixed
wireless networks, as of July 2013 there are currently
only two locations in the Wheatbelt where NBN fibre
construction has commenced. The coastal locality of
Lancelin in the Shire of Gingin has had minor
advancements and the second Wheatbelt location of
the town of Northam having work commenced in
December 2012. As per the NBN Rollout Map
predictions, there are an additional 13 locations in the
Wheatbelt which expect to be connected to the NBN
via fibre within one year. These communities include
Bakers Hill, Cervantes, Cunderdin, Guilderton, Jurien
Bay, Kellerberrin, Merredin, Moora, Narrogin,
Southern Cross, Toodyay, Wagin and Wongan Hills. The
balance of the total 19 Wheatbelt communities
planned to be able to access the NBN fibre and/or fixed
wireless services are the four towns of York, Beverley,
Brookton and Pingelly, all of which expect to have a
construction underway within three years.
There are limited fibre access points in the Wheatbelt
servicing the larger town sites and regional centres.
Outside of the regional centres and town sites, the
majority of the Wheatbelt will be connected to the
NBN via either fixed wireless or the interim satellite
service (ISS). The new NBN fixed wireless infrastructure
aims to deliver minimum download speeds of 25Mbps
(megabits per second) and upload speeds of 5Mbps,
with 6Mbps download and 1Mbps upload for ISS. This
will be a significant improvement to the current
internet capacity but still falls very short of the fibre
connections limited to the metropolitan and regional
centre areas, which have the capacity of download
speeds up to 100Mbps and upload speeds of 40Mbps.
2.4.1.5.1.2 DIGITAL TV SWITCHOVER
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
Digital TV was switched on in the Perth metropolitan
area on 16th April 2013, with the switchover for the
Wheatbelt following soon after on 25th June 2013.
Along with the standard analog service switch, the
Aurora Satellite service was also turned off with the
Viewer Access Satellite Television (VAST) service taking
its place.
There were 23 community-owned self-help
retransmission towers decommissioned in the
switchover, of which four Wheatbelt communities
upgraded to enable access to the new digital service.
These four upgrades were in Cervantes, Jurien Bay,
Koorda and Wongan Hills (town), made possible with
some funding from Royalties for Regions. The
remaining towns continue to be able to access
government assistance for the Satellite Subsidy
Scheme (SSS) one month after the switchover to
subsidise installation costs of satellite TV equipment.
Those accessing satellite TV need to apply for the VAST
service, if they have not already done so. The initial
minimum outlay of $280 for a VAST decoder has been
prohibitive for some individuals and businesses, with
significant negative impact seen for accommodation
services.
2.4.1.5.1.3 MOBILE PHONE CONNECTIVITY
Unreliable mobile phone service and connectivity
issues are common across the Wheatbelt. Mobile
phone reception outside of towns (and within some
towns) is patchy or non-existent altogether.
Science and Innovation Minister John Day and Regional
Development Minister Brendon Grylls announced in
January 2012, that Telstra had been awarded
$39.2million in Royalties for Regions funding under the
Regional Mobile Communications Project (RMCP).
Under this project, the WA Government and Telstra
will upgrade or deploy new mobile communications
infrastructure at 113 sites along major roads and
highways across the State, and in several regional
communities. It is anticipated that this will increase
mobile phone coverage in the State by 22%.
As of August 16 2013, 72 sites have been upgraded or
deployed under the project (refer to Figure 9),
including 13 in the Wheatbelt region (Department of
Commerce, 2013). Under this project a total of 16 new
mobile communication towers will be installed in the
Page | 26
region.
The Wheatbelt North region has the economic
advantage of being close to the Perth Metropolitan
Area, the state’s largest market. Road needs in the
Wheatbelt North are not being met by the current
network which was built mainly in the 1950s and
1960s. With significant regional development,
diversification of the agricultural industry, increasing
cartage of lime sands and a thriving tourism industry
there is an urgent need to plan and implement projects
across the network.
Figure 9: Telstra NextG Network Coverage improvements via the
Regional Mobile Communications Project (RMCP). Source:
Department of Commerce
2.4.2
TRANSPORT
An extensive national, State and local road network
serves the Wheatbelt region. The most important links
include the Great Northern Highway, Great Eastern
Highway, Great Southern Highway, Brand Highway,
Indian Ocean Drive and the Albany Highway. Overall
the Wheatbelt has more than 43,000km of road, of
which 11,370km, or less than 30%, are sealed (WAPC,
2011).
The region also has access to a standard gauge line
from Southern Cross to Fremantle Port’s Kwinana Bulk
Terminal and Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 narrow gauge
lines that provide access for many of the grain growing
areas in the Wheatbelt to ports in Albany and
Geraldton.
2.4.2.1
ROAD
According to WA Main Roads and the state’s Office of
Road Authority, the Wheatbelt is demarcated into two
sections – North and South, divided loosely along local
government boundary lines between York and
Merredin (Main Roads WA, 2009a).
The Wheatbelt North Region covers an area
approximately 100,134km2 (3.9% of the state) and
comprises 25 local government authorities, as
compared to the Wheatbelt South network which
covers an area approximately 55,400 km2 (2% of the
state) and comprises 19 local government authorities.
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
Road usage within the Wheatbelt South region is highly
dependent
on agricultural production and
diversification, which varies dramatically from season
to season. The Wheatbelt South has a comprehensive
road network that has developed since the 1900s,
however much of the existing network is not built to
cater for current day travelling speeds and vehicles
(Main Roads, 2009b). Strategic projects identified for
this region include the Narrogin East West Link,
Norseman to Wheatbelt and Wheatbelt to Kwinana
(Main Roads, 2013).
A report by the Australian Automobile Association
(2011) highlighted that the Wheatbelt region has very
high long term road fatality rates. In 2011 Wheatbelt
rates were seven times the State rate, demonstrating
the imperative of upgrading the ageing road
infrastructure.
2.4.2.2
RAIL
The rail network serving the Wheatbelt is vital to the
regions grain industry, providing the means of moving
the majority of grain to ports for export markets. The
rail network consists of a combination of standard and
narrow gauge lines. The standard gauge line forms part
of the interstate mainline which links Western
Australia to the Eastern States and transports the
majority of general freight along that transport
corridor.
The 2,300 kilometre narrow gauge line forms the grain
rail network that services the region and transports
export commodities through to ports in Geraldton,
Bunbury, Albany, Esperance and Fremantle.
The State-owned freight rail network is privately
operated by Brookfield Rail under a lease that is in
force until 2049. Brookfield Rail operates the network
Page | 27
as an open-access, multi-user network. The company
provides track infrastructure and train control services
and is responsible for negotiating commercial access
with end users and above-rail service providers.
2.4.2.3
STATE TRANSPORT PRIORITIES
In 2013 the State Government released “The Western
Australian Regional Freight Transport Network Plan”.
This document outlines the “enduring strategic
directions the WA Government will take to manage the
future freight growth and address its cumulative
impacts over a long-term horizon to 2013”
(Department of Transport, 2013).
The State Government focus for the Wheatbelt region,
as identified through the Regional Freight Transport
Network Plan, is on delivering a package of road and
rail projects to secure the future of the region’s grain
transport network, regenerating the region’s arterial
roads and managing inter-regional freight growth.
Priority projects identified for the Wheatbelt region
between 2012 and 2020 include:
 Investing in narrow gauge network upgrades to
Tier 1 and selected Tier 2 lines serving the
region’s grain silo network.
 Continuing to work with parties to facilitate a
sustainable arrangement to keep Tier 3 lines
operational.
 Upgrading the Great Northern Highway:
Muchea to Wubin Stage 2
 Great Eastern Highway: Reconstruct the
Highway from Walgoolan to Karalee.
Projects identified for 2020 and beyond include:
 Upgrading the Albany Highway: Bedfordale Hill
to Arthur River; Harold Road to Settlement
Road.
 Rolling out a road renewal program for the
Brookton Highway.
2.4.2.3.1.1 GREAT NORTHERN HIGHWAY
The southern sections of the Great Northern highway,
which run through the northern Wheatbelt, are
experiencing significant traffic volume increases
particularly in the movement of oversize loads
transporting goods from Perth to the resource rich
areas in the north of WA.
As the mining and resource industry continues to grow
exponentially, so too do the demands of the freight
network. Iron ore and gas outputs from the north-west
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
Pilbara region is expected to increase from 470 million
tonnes per annum (mtpa) in 2012 to exceed 1,000mtpa
by 2030 (Freight and Logistics Council of WA, 2012). Up
until the present time, the road transport network has
dominated the Pilbara inbound freight, with the
majority utilising the Great Northern Highway via the
ports in Fremantle and Port Headland. This has
resulted in significant growth of Restricted Access
Vehicles (RAVs) travelling through the Central
Midlands and Coastal sub-region along the Great
Northern Highway.
The State Government has taken action to improve
over-dimensional load access to the north of Western
Australia by introducing a one-stop shop for heavy
vehicle permits and undergrounding eight power lines
along the Great Northern Highway between Bindoon
and Wubin.
The creation of the one-stop shop for permits means
that a transport operator needs to make only one
application to Main Roads Western Australia in order
to obtain an oversize load permit, book a police escort
and obtain a referral for power line clearance.
The undergrounding of power lines will mean that 80%
of the OSOM loads previously requiring power lines to
be lifted to allow passage will no longer do so (Freight
and Logistics Council of WA, 2012).
The section of the highway between Muchea and
Wubin has narrow seal widths and substandard
alignments resulting in reduced transport efficiency
and safety for users. While upgrade works have been
completed between Muchea and Bindoon, the
upgrade of the section between Bindi Bindi and Pithara
is a high priority for the State Government
(Department of Transport, 2013).
The Commonwealth Government announced in the
2013-14 Budget that approximately $307million in
funding through the Nation Building program would be
committed to the Great Northern Highway. This much
needed funding will go toward a package of upgrade
works to be undertaken along an 87km section of the
Great Northern Highway between Muchea and Wubin.
The work will involve realignment of the highway,
intersection up-grades, widening, and construction of
additional overtaking lanes. To compliment this work
the State Government committed $34.2million to the
reconstruction, realignment and seal widening of an
Page | 28
11km section of the Great Northern Highway between
Muchea and Wubin.
gauge rail re-sleepering package which will see around
1,265 kilometres of rail lines re-sleepered over four
years (Brookfield Rail).
On completion of the works in June 2013, the Tier 1 and
Tier 2 lines will be re-sleepered from a 1-in-4
steel/timber sleeper pattern to a 1-in-2 steel/timber
sleeper pattern, providing improved strength and
stability (Brookfield Rail)
2.4.2.3.1.4 A SUSTAINABLE ARRANGEMENT FOR
TIER 3 LINES
Image: OSOM movement on the Roe Highway. Source: Freight
and Logistics Council of WA
2.4.2.3.1.2 GREAT EASTERN HIGHWAY
The Great Eastern Highway is the major road linking
Perth and Kalgoorlie and is a key route for heavy
vehicles accessing the Wheatbelt and Goldfields
Esperance regions. Importantly, it also forms the main
road transportation link between Perth and the east
coast of Australia, playing a vital role in the social and
economic integration of Western Australia with
Australia’s eastern states and providing a lifeline for
many remote communities.
The Walgoolan to Karalee section of the Great Eastern
Highway investment is narrow and deteriorating due to
its age. This project is considered a high priority due to
the poor quality of service this section of the highway
provides and the importance of this route (Main Roads,
2009a).
2.4.2.3.1.3 INVESTMENT IN NARROW GAUGE
RAIL
Western Australia’s grain sector produces an average
of 11 million tonnes of grain per annum, with 80-90%
of production destined for export markets (Freight &
Logistics Council WA, 2009). The rail network is vital to
this industry, providing the means of moving around
60% by volume and 80% by net tonne kilometres of the
sector’s freight task.
Funding from the Commonwealth and State
Governments will underwrite the Tier 1 and 2 narrow-
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
The Strategic Grain Network Committee (SGNC) was
formed in mid-2009 by Western Australia’s then
Minister for Transport, Hon Simon O’Brien MLC, to
provide advice on emerging transport infrastructure
issues in the export grain supply chain. The SGNC
presented a report on their findings to the state
government and a key recommendation was that
736km of track classed as Tier 3 in and around the
central Wheatbelt should be closed as it is
uncompetitive with road transport. Implications of
these closures include a potential increase in freight
costs for agricultural growers in the region and the
need for substantial road upgrades in the affected
areas to handle increased heavy haulage and to ensure
roads are safe for residents.
In July 2011 in response to the SGNC report, the State
Minister for Transport, the Hon. Troy Buswell
announced that no further funding would be allocated
to the Tier 3 rail lines and that they would close
indefinitely.
Post this announcement the farmer-owned
cooperative CBH Group, who had just invested
$175million in new rolling stock (locomotives and
wagons), put forward a business case to State
Government, challenging the findings of the SGNC,
arguing that it is cheaper for the Government to spend
money fixing the Tier 3 rail lines than it will be for the
Government to pay for on-going road maintenance and
repairs to accommodate the extra road trains.
Furthermore it was argued that roads (particularly
those that are already in poor condition) will become
increasingly hazardous due to the deterioration caused
by increased road train traffic (both in country and
metro areas).
Page | 29
In June 2012, a parliamentary committee
recommended that Tier 3 rail lines should remain open
for a further year to enable the CBH Group to
demonstrate its business case for the retention of the
lines. The committee also recommended that, within
the same time frame, the WA government should
commission the Wheatbelt Development Commission
to undertake an economic review of the appropriate
grain transport infrastructure for areas serviced by Tier
3 lines.
and Goldfields-Esperance regions.
The Minister for Transport initially rejected both
recommendations but later conceded to allow CBH and
Brookfield Rail to extend operations on the Tier 3 rail
network to 31 October 2013 to allow time to
demonstrate the economic viability of the lines and for
further negotiations regarding the future of the
network to take place.
2.4.2.4
Image: CBH Train
2.4.2.3.1.5 UPGRADING THE ALBANY HWY
The Albany Highway is the main road connecting Perth
and Albany, as well as a number of the southern
Wheatbelt’s major regional centres. The route
supports a range of agricultural-related freight
movements, including grain, wool and livestock, as well
as fuel and general freight, and is also a significant
route for the tourist industry.
Heavy and light traffic between Perth and Albany will
continue to grow, particularly at the northern end of
the highway. Sections of the highway will require major
upgrades in the future, including a substantial program
of passing lanes.
2.4.2.3.1.6 ROAD RENEWAL PROGRAM FOR THE
BROOKTON HIGHWAY
The highway is a designated double road train route
supporting a diverse mix of vehicle types, from cars
towing caravans to heavy vehicles carting grain. A large
number of tourists also use this route to access tourist
attractions around Hyden and Wave Rock. Widening
and realigning substandard sections of the highway to
improve safety and heavy vehicle transport efficiency
will be an investment priority for Government.
The Wheatbelt region is serviced by around 50
airstrips, airfields and airports. The management of
aviation facilities is generally undertaken by local
government or an aero club. The key aviation
industries in the Wheatbelt are aviation training,
general aviation, (including charter services) and
tourism aviation (skydiving, ballooning, gliding).
Aviation facilities in the region are also used by the
Royal Flying Doctor Service and Fire and Emergency
Services Authority.
The airports at Cunderdin, Merredin, Northam and
Wyalkatchem are the focus of aviation training for
pilots and engineers. Northam, York, Beverley, Jurien
Bay and Cunderdin are the main focus for tourism
aviation, with skydiving at York and Jurien Bay,
ballooning at Northam and gliding at Beverley and
Cunderdin. Southern Cross is the main airport in the
region used predominately for charter flights,
particularly those associated with fly-in fly-out (FIFO)
operations servicing mining and exploration.
There is capacity for the aviation industry of the
Wheatbelt to be substantially expanded, however this
is currently limited by the lack of funding and adequate
planning. The principal funding source for the
upgrading of aviation facilities in Western Australia is
the Regional Airports Development Scheme (RADS).
This scheme requires matched funding from the
applicant, which can be a constraint for small Local
Governments who have access to limited funding that
has to be spread over many competing investment
priorities.
2.4.2.5
The Brookton Highway is a major inter-regional route
linking Perth to the southern areas of the Wheatbelt
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
AVIATION
PUBLIC TRANSPORT
Currently the Avon Link, Merredin Link and the
Page | 30
Prospector are the only regular public transport in the
region. These passenger rail services run from Northam
and Toodyay to Midland (Avon Link), from Merredin to
East Perth (Merredin Link) and from Kalgoorlie to East
Perth (Prospector). The Avon Link and Prospector run
every day, whilst the Merredin Link only runs three
times a week. The scheduling of these services provide
only minimal commute options and are only accessible
to those communities located along the east-west rail
corridor.
The primary health related concerns for the Wheatbelt
have centred on a lack of General Practitioners, limited
access to specialists and allied health professionals and
increasing pressure on health services as a result of the
ageing population.
Transwa have announced that they will cancel both the
Avon Link and Merredin Link services on 30 December
2013. The Avon Link will be replaced by a bus service
that will run twice daily. The Merredin Link will be
folded in to the current Prospector service and the
timetable is not yet known. The reasoning provided for
the cancellation of these services is poor patronage.
Public transport in a geographically dispersed region
like the Wheatbelt is integral to allow all demographic
sectors to access essential services, education, etc. It is
particularly pertinent for the elderly, young people
living in small communities with limited educational
and recreational opportunities, the disabled and other
residents who do not have access to their own vehicle
or cannot drive for various reasons.
The lack of public transport in the area will become a
greater issue as the population of larger towns such as
Northam continue to grow and smaller communities
decline in population. For people residing in these
small communities travel will be required to access
many services as they increasingly become restricted
to the regional centres where the population is
concentrated.
2.4.3
HEALTH
There are 24 Hospital Services, four Nursing Posts,
seven Health Centres, ten Community Health Services,
five Silver Chain Facilities, two Mental Health Services
and a Cancer Care Service located within the
Wheatbelt (WACHS 2013). The major hospitals are
located in the sub-regional centres of Moora, Northam,
Narrogin and Merredin. There are also 31 ambulances
operated by St John Ambulance, which are
predominantly manned by volunteers (MMT
Consultancy Services, June 2009).
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
Image: Wheatbelt Operational Services Map
Source: Department of Health
It is anticipated that many of the health services issues
facing the Wheatbelt will be addressed by the
announcement in 2011 that the State Government will
provide $565 million to reform and improve access to
health care for all residents of the Southern Inland area
of Western Australia. The Southern Inland Health
Initiative (SIHI) will:
 Deliver safe and effective emergency services and
good access to general practice.
 Put private GPs back into country towns, supported
by visiting specialists and health practitioners
backed up by "e-technology" such as telehealth.
 Provide better support to nurses who, due to the
lack of doctors in this region, carry greater
responsibilities.
As at April 2013 SIHI (as per the information available
on the health.wa.gov.au website) has achieved the
following:


20 GPs have been recruited to the catchment
area
Four Primary Health Care Teams have been
established (based in Merredin, Narrogin,
Katanning and Northam), each with a Primary
Health Integration Coordinator, Primary
Health Nurse Practitioner and administration
Page | 31




support.
Health services planning sessions have been
conducted to determine local health services
profiles, identify service gaps and to plan for
future health service delivery.
Building Condition Audits were undertaken at
36 hospital and nursing post sites to identify
and prioritise capital works. An ‘early works’
building program has commenced, while
planning continues for further infrastructure
upgrades and refurbishments.
Videoconferencing equipment has been
installed at more than 40 per cent of all sites.
Since February 2012, more than 520 patients
have used Telehealth to connect with
specialists and allied health professionals in
other locations
An Emergency Telehealth Service commenced
in August 2012. This service provides patients
and staff in smaller and country hospital sites
with state of the art access to high quality
emergency medical care.
Since 2007, the Australian Government has committed
around $650 million to the funding of more than 60 GP
Super Clinics around Australia and for Primary Care
Infrastructure Grants to upgrade and extend around
425 existing general practices, primary care and
community health services and Aboriginal Medical
Services. GP Super Clinics are a key element of the
Australian Government’s strategy to build a stronger
primary health care system, including a greater focus
on management of chronic disease, health promotion
and illness prevention and better coordination
between privately provided GP services, community
health and other State or Territory Government
services. Under the 2010-11 budget the Wheatbelt GP
Network was awarded $3 million to construct the
Wheatbelt GP Super Clinic in Northam. The clinic is
currently in the planning and development phase.
2.4.4
AGED CARE
According to the aged care guide online there are
currently 243 high care and 269 low care beds available
across the Wheatbelt (as at July 2013). ABS data from
the 2011 Census indicate that there are 2,508 people
aged 80 years and over living in the Wheatbelt.
Assuming that this is the age group most likely to
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
access aged care facilities, at present the number of
beds available is not adequate to service the aged
population of our region.
Aged care service provision is at present the core
business of many small hospitals in the Wheatbelt, as a
result of the Multi-purpose Services (MPS) program.
The MPS program allows rural communities to pool
Commonwealth and State health and aged care funds
within a designated geographical area, creating
opportunities to coordinate community health and
aged care needs.
The effectiveness of the MPS model is often
questioned and is anecdotally attributed to some of
the inadequacies of aged care service delivery in the
region. The lack of dementia care facilities (currently
only 45 beds across the whole of the region), respite
beds, accommodation and funding for health care
professionals are other significant issues impacting on
aged care provision in the Wheatbelt.
There is already significant pressure on aged care
infrastructure and services in the Wheatbelt and this
will continue to increase according to population
projections that suggest by 2026 one in four people in
this region will be over the age of 65 (Western
Australian Planning Commission, 2012). Planned
infrastructure upgrades to existing facilities such as
Dryandra Lodge and Narrogin Cottage Homes and
innovative well-aged housing strategies such as that of
the Lakes and 4WD Well-Aged Persons Housing
Strategy Regional Alliance, will help address this
increasing need.
In April 2013, the Shires of Merredin, Bruce Rock,
Mukinbudin, Wyalkatchem, Kellerberrin, Koorda, Mt
Marshall, Trayning, Nungarin, Westonia and Southern
Cross forming the Central East Aged Care Alliance
(CEACA) launched a collaborative regional solutions
report into aged care in the sub-region. The
unprecedented inter-shire cooperation has allowed a
more strategic and focused response to the unique and
growing demands for aged care services.
The initial successes of the Central East Wheatbelt
Aged Care Regional Solution/s Report has created
wider interest across the region, with the next phase
now
conducting
research
and
community
consultations for an Integrated Wheatbelt Aged
Support and Care Solutions across the entire region.
Page | 32
2.4.5
EDUCATION
As of July 2013, there are 43 Primary Schools, 20
District High Schools, four Senior High Schools, one
College (which caters for kindergarten through to year
12) and two Agricultural Colleges in the Wheatbelt.
There are also eight Catholic (Primary and Secondary)
schools sharing approximately 1,200 students between
them. Two independent Brethren schools operate in
Dalwallinu and Cunderdin to accommodate the
Exclusive Brethren who live and work in these
communities. The region also provides higher
education through the CY O’Connor Institute which has
four campuses throughout the Wheatbelt (Northam,
Moora, Merredin and Narrogin).
In 2011 the WA Department of Education re-drew the
education district boundaries in the state and formed
the Wheatbelt Education Region, which whilst not
being identical to the RDA regional boundaries
(excludes schools in the Shires of Dandaragan, Gingin
and Chittering but includes Boddington and Katanning
which are outside of the Wheatbelt RDA region) is now
more closely aligned. In addition to this change the
Department introduced seven school networks.
The 70 Government schools of the Wheatbelt
Education Region are incorporated into these seven
networks of schools. Each network has a Network
Principle, who assists other Principles within their
network. The majority of essential support services to
schools now operate through schools and networks.
Networks also maximise each School’s opportunity to
share ideas, resources and professional support.
Whilst these changes are a positive step forward, it
does not resolve the fact that many young people are
still going to leave the region to access quality
education. There is a lot of work that still needs to be
done to ensure that all Wheatbelt young people have
access to high quality education and training and are
given the best chance of attaining year 12 or
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
equivalent.
The Wheatbelt Regional Education, Skills and Jobs
(RESJ) Plan produced by the Department of Education,
Employment and Workplace Relations (DEEWR),
indicates that attendance at school in the Wheatbelt is
relatively high, with most schools across the region
achieving higher than 90% attendance.
According to the 2011 Census, approximately 36% of
the population in the Wheatbelt RDA region aged 15
years and over have attained a Year 12 or equivalent
certificate, which is considerably lower than Western
Australia with an average of 49%.
High School enrolments in schools in the Wheatbelt
Education district declined from 2011 to 2012 (refer to
Figure 10). The number of government schools has also
declined over recent years due to the commencement
of the new Merredin College in 2012, which
amalgamated the Merredin Senior High School, North
Merredin Primary School, South Merredin Primary
School and Westonia Primary School. The Miling
Primary School also became a campus of the Moora
Primary School.
8000
2011
7000
Student numbers
This project is being led by the Wheatbelt Development
Commission, with support from RDA Wheatbelt and
will aim to define a model of aged care delivery that
suits the unique Wheatbelt context. Interim findings of
this study (as at September 2013) indicate that there is
currently a shortfall of 140 aged care beds in the
Wheatbelt.
2012
6821
6000
6513
5000
4000
3000
3107 3074
2000
1000
1936 1931
0
Pre-Compulsory
Primary
Secondary
Figure 10: Student numbers in Government and Non-Government
Schools in the Wheatbelt (2011/2012). Source: Department of
Education
In the 2013 State Budget the Western Australian
Government committed $14.6 million to education
services in the Wheatbelt, including $8 million on
upgrades to Northam Senior High School and $3.5
million on upgrades to Narrogin Senior High School,
funded from the Royalties for Regions Program. They
also committed $2.3 million for upgrades to the CY
O’Connor Institute Narrogin Campus and $4.9 million
from the Royalties for Regions Program, on the
Page | 33
development of the Muresk Institute.
As per the introduction of the Australian Curriculum in
2015, Year 7 students will become part of secondary
school. Whilst the opportunities to experience a wider
variety of subjects and in more depth, it has raised a
considerable number of concerns regarding the
sustainability of regional education services, and
consequently regional communities. The gradual
phasing in of the changes will allow both primary
schools to adjust to fewer students and secondary
schools to higher demand. The growing number of
actual secondary students and the number of years at
boarding school in Perth will more than likely increase,
creating potential financial constraints on families and
social impacts in the community.
2.4.6
YOUTH
The Youth Connections program is an initiative of the
Australian Government Department of Education,
Employment and Workplace Relations (DEEWR). The
aim of the Youth Connections program is to provide a
safety net for young people who have disengaged or
are at risk of disengaging from education and helps
them to continue with their education and ultimately
gain a Year 12 or equivalent. The program offers
flexible, individual case managed support to assist
young people to remain engaged or to re-engage with
education. Youth Connections also organises outreach
activities for young people in their communities and
works to strengthen services in the region so that
young people are better supported.
RDAW Wheatbelt has the contract to deliver the Youth
Connections program to most of the Wheatbelt region
(boundaries align with the old Midlands and Narrogin
Education Districts) and employs a Program Manager,
Outreach Coordinator and five Youth Support Officers
who work across the region covering 56 towns and 27
schools including Senior and District High Schools and
Colleges.
In April and May 2012, RDA Wheatbelt facilitated four
sub-regional youth network meetings with the aim of
confirming previously identified youth specific issues
and barriers (gained through extensive consultation
with young people and youth stakeholders) and
developing solutions to target these issues.
Through these network meetings an agreed list of
priority youth focus areas was identified:
 Responsible behaviour (drug and alcohol misuse,
bullying/fighting and criminal activity)
 Education/Training/Employment (limited access to
educational and employment options in the region)
 Parenting and Families (Dysfunctional families, lack
of support services for family violence)
 Health and Wellbeing (mental health, healthy
eating and lifestyle choices)
These four priority areas have formed the basis of the
Wheatbelt Youth Strategy 2012-2017 (RDA Wheatbelt
Inc., 2012) which has already achieved great progress
in its first year. The continual review of the Strategy
with the key stakeholders working in the specific focus
areas has enabled a successful sector-wide
collaboration.
2.4.7
CHILD CARE
Currently there are approximately 510 licensed long
day care places in the Wheatbelt region, with the
largest number of places being offered in the bigger
population centres such as Northam, Narrogin and
Toodyay (DEEWR, 2012).
In 2010 the Australian Government announced that
funding for child care service provision across the
country would be aligned with the National Quality
Agenda for Early Childhood Education and Care. This
policy change included the removal of funding for the
Neighbourhood Model for Occasional Care, the family
day care start up payment and the remote area family
day care start up payment. This change meant that
Wheatbelt child care centres offering part-time long
day care would have to operate five days a week to be
eligible for funding, which in small rural communities is
not possible for a variety of reasons.
Following the loss of federal funding contributions to
many Wheatbelt services, the Department for
Communities, through funding from Royalties for
Regions was able to provide interim funding (up to
December 2012) to enable these services to continue
operations and transition to alternative funded
Childcare service models and/or identify alternative
funding sources.
Since this funding was originally provided a number of
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
Page | 34
services have transitioned across to federally funded
models and are no longer funded through this program
thanks to a flexible approach by DEEWR who are
assessing each service on a case by case basis.
In June 2012 DEEWR hosted a Wheatbelt Early
Childhood Education and Child Care Industry
Roundtable. This event pulled together a broad crosssection of stakeholders in the Wheatbelt Child Care
sector to provide their views on barriers and solutions
to effective service delivery in the region. A number of
issues were highlighted during this workshop:
 Recruitment and retention of child care workers in
the Wheatbelt is very challenging due to
uncompetitive wages
 Staff loses are expected as a result of the
requirement under the National Quality Framework
for Early Childhood Education and Care, for staff to
have attained or be working toward a Certificate III
education and care qualification due to a reluctance
to study and limited access to training options
 The lack of funding and support available to
occasional care centres, which provide a very
valuable service to our smaller communities, is
rendering some of these services unviable
 Lack of mentoring and support for inexperienced
Directors
The Regional Community Child Care Development
Fund was established in 2012 to support the
development of sustainable models of regional
community-managed education and care services that
meet the needs of families living in regional Western
Australia.
The Project, funded by Royalties for Regions over four
years (2012-2015), is an acknowledgement of the
challenges faced by organisations that provide
education and care services for children in country
areas including the impact of distance, isolation,
limited funding and the reliance on community based
management committees to manage these services.
The RCCCP therefore, is to develop a more strategic,
long term approach to supporting sustainable models
of community managed education and care services in
regional WA.
In support of this, a budget of $3.06 million was
allocated to develop a Regional Children’s Services Plan
(RCSP) in each Regional Development Commission area
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
to achieve a more coordinated and strategic approach
to planning services that support families and children
in regional WA. RDA Wheatbelt was awarded the
tender to develop the RSCP for the Wheatbelt region.
Once completed, the Regional Children’s Services Plans
will be used to inform the development of a state-wide
Regional Children’s Services Plan.
Image: Northam Playgroup
2.4.8
ART
With its quintessential rural backdrop and vibrant
communities, the Wheatbelt attracts artists from
across the world both to exhibit and as artists in
residence. The Wheatbelt has over 20 unique and
renowned art galleries in towns across the region,
capturing the diversity of mediums and muses.
The Community Arts Network Western Australia
(CANWA) is a not-for-profit organisation that has
evolved over two decades to empower communities
through arts and cultural development. CANWA’s
commitment to social justice has lead the way in
working with Aboriginal communities, now having
established offices in Kellerberrin (2006) and Narrogin
(2010). CANWA has been responsible for a wide range
of cultural and artistic initiatives in the Wheatbelt
including the Urban Youth Crew hip hop workshops,
Voices of the Wheatbelt, Wheat Beats, Yarns of the
Heart and the Keela Dreaming Festival.
2.4.9
HERITAGE AND CULTURE
Aboriginal people have lived in the region for more
than 45,000 years. It is recognised that the Noongar
people are the traditional owners of the south west of
WA, which covers most of the Wheatbelt region.
Distinct Noongar tribal groups have continuing
connection to different lands in the region (e.g. the
Njaki-Njaki people land in the Eastern Wheatbelt, the
Yued people land in the North and the Ballardong
Page | 35
people land in the Central Wheatbelt).
Aboriginal sites are places of importance and
significance to Aboriginal people because they link
Aboriginal cultural tradition to place, land and people
over time. There are approximately 800 registered sites
in the Wheatbelt (WAPC, 2012), some of which are
popular tourist or recreation destinations. It is
important that these sites are protected to avoid
damage from traffic, loss of vegetation, graffiti or litter.
Non-indigenous heritage is managed in Western
Australia through the Heritage of Western Australia Act
1990. In the Wheatbelt, there are 162 (WAPC, 2012)
listed on the State register.
The Wheatbelt has a diverse range of museums and
heritage sites that tell of its rich history, from World
War II military sites through to the infamous Rabbit
Proof Fence. Art and craft exhibitions are held
throughout the region with galleries and craft shops in
a number of towns.
Nearly all Wheatbelt towns contain individual historic
buildings and other structures, such as railway stations,
hotels and general stores. There are hundreds of places
within the region that are listed on the State register of
heritage places. The towns of Toodyay and York have
been recognised by the National Trust as two of only
ten ‘historic towns’ throughout the State, and the only
ones located in the Wheatbelt. It is important that not
only those places on the register, but also those that
are locally important are recognised and protected.
2.4.10 SPORT AND RECREATION
The primary recreational facilities in Wheatbelt towns
come in the form of sporting facilities (e.g. hockey
fields, basketball/netball courts, football ovals,
swimming pools, etc.). Other entertainment and
recreational facilities are limited in the region, even in
the larger regional centres. In particular there are
minimal avenues for engaging in cultural or artistic
pursuits other than at purpose built facilities such as
the Cummins Theatre in Merredin.
A substantial improvement in sport and recreation
infrastructure in many Local Government areas has
occurred over recent years largely as a result of
investment from the WA Department of Sport and
Recreation, Royalties for Regions and Commonwealth
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
funding programs such as the Regional and Local
Community Infrastructure Program. There are
however still a large number of community facilities
that require extensive maintenance and upgrades to
make them fit for purpose and more accessible to all
sectors of the community (e.g. disabled and elderly)
The region’s coastal towns are increasingly a focus for
recreational activity, primarily fishing, four-wheeldriving, camping and boating. Many Wheatbelt
residents frequent the coast for holidays and weekends
and increasingly Perth residents are also turning to the
Wheatbelt coastal areas for their getaways. Pressure
for additional boating and fishing facilities (e.g. ramps,
moorings, harbour expansions) is expected to increase
given the improved accessibility resulting from the
completion of the Indian Ocean Drive in 2011.
Image: Northam Recreation Centre
2.4.11 ACCOMMODATION STOCK
Accommodation as social infrastructure relates to the
provision of residences for various groups in the
community including aged, workers, visitors, families
and youth. The “Towards a Wheatbelt Infrastructure
Plan Report 3” (WDC, 2012c) indicates that the lack of
housing stock is a key developmental issue for the
region. The process of developing this plan involved
extensive consultation across all 43 Local Government
areas in the region and the lack of accommodation for
workers, elderly, tourists and other, was identified by
all as a key area of concern.
The Department of Housing provide social housing in
the Wheatbelt including aged accommodation,
Aboriginal and regional housing. According to the
Department there is only a minimal shortfall of social
housing in the region and in some areas there is a
surplus. The exception to this is in the town of
Northam,
where
additional
social
housing
development is currently occurring.
Page | 36
2.5
ENVIRONMENT
The physical environment of the Wheatbelt varies
significantly, with pristine coastline expanding from
Guilderton to Jurien Bay, the fertile soils of the Avon
region and mineral rich country to the east. The
predominate environmental feature of this region, is
however the extensive agricultural land.
The Wheatbelt is typical of other agricultural regions
throughout the world, in that it has been largely
cleared. Clearing for agriculture has resulted in the
removal of more than 90% of the native vegetation
(Saunders et al., 1991). The Wheatbelt is an almost
entirely human modified environment that consists of
cleared paddocks, pastures, salt pans and remnants of
native vegetation (Saunders, 1989).
2.5.1
2.5.1.1
LAND
BIODIVERSITY
The southwest of Western Australia is identified as one
of 25 internationally-significant biodiversity 'hotspots'
for its high level of species diversity. The natural biota
of the Avon Region includes (information sourced from
Wheatbelt NRM website):
 Over 4,000 species of vascular plants.
 62 species of mammals.
 203 species of birds (including 55 species of water
birds).
 16 species of frogs.
 110 species of reptiles.
 10 species of fish.
 An unknown number of invertebrate species (the
region's wetlands are significant - over 560
invertebrates have been identified during recent
biological surveys, with 45% restricted to fresh
water).
There has been extensive biodiversity loss in the
Wheatbelt from the historical clearing of native
vegetation for agriculture, and more recently for
housing and infrastructure. The biodiversity of many
natural areas in the Wheatbelt continues to decline
and is exacerbated by dry land salinity, altered
hydrology, grazing, introduced plants and animals,
dieback, inappropriate fire regimes, and climate
change.
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
The land used for agriculture has been substantially
cleared of natural vegetation and now only 1.14 million
hectares (13.2%) of this area retains its original
vegetation cover. According to the State Planning
Commissions “Wheatbelt Regional Profile” (2011),
there are no local government areas in the Wheatbelt
that have more than 30% of the original native
vegetation cover remaining, and many local
government areas have less than 10% of the original
native vegetation cover remaining. Consequently, the
Wheatbelt has a higher proportion of threatened
species and communities than other parts of Western
Australia. A significant proportion of biodiversity assets
in the region are located on private land, which put
them at risk from land developments.
2.5.1.2
SALINITY
Dryland salinity is a major problem affecting
agricultural production in all Australian states and the
Wheatbelt is no exception. The clearing of native
vegetation (and subsequent land use) has resulted in
the Wheatbelt degrading its agricultural potential and
nature conservation value (Hobbs and Saunders,
1991). Significant losses of agricultural production have
occurred because of soil salinization, waterlogging, and
wind and water erosion (Malcolm, 1983). Remnant
vegetation, wetlands and riverine systems on both
public and private lands are being degraded by dryland
salinity, silting, nutrient enrichment and weed invasion
(George et al., 1995).
The State of the Environment Report (2007) estimates
that more than 70% of Australia’s dry land salinity
occurs in WA, with more than 14,000 hectares being
lost to salinization each year. Five of the ten WA local
authorities that experience the most salinity occur in
the Wheatbelt region: Koorda, Nungarin, WonganBallidu, Wyalkatchem and Goomalling.
According to the “Salinity and land management on
Western Australian Farms” article (ABS, 2003) Western
Australia is the state most affected by salinity with
6,918 farms and almost 1.2 million hectares of
agricultural land showing signs of salinity, and 45.7% of
salinized land unable to be used for production.
Overall, salinity affects 51.3% of farms in Western
Australia. The worst–affected region in Western
Australia is the Avon (refer to figure 11), with 2,297
farms (or 79.8% of the farms in the region) and 451,044
Page | 37
hectares of land showing signs of salinity. The Avon
region for the purposes of this study encompassed 35
of the 43 Wheatbelt shires. In the Avon region, 63.2%
of salinity affected land is unable to be used for
production.
 Application of liming material.
 Use of acid tolerant plants.
 Using management practices which reduce the rate
of acidification.
 Applying other types of neutralizing agents.
2.5.1.4
Water
The majority of the Wheatbelt lies within the Avon
River Basin, which extends east of the Darling Scarp for
approximately 500 kilometres. The Avon River Basin
includes the catchments of the Avon, Yilgarn and
Lockhart River systems. Extensive clearing of the
Wheatbelt since European settlement has altered
water quality within the catchment resulting in once
fresh or near fresh waterways becoming saline. There
are nine wetlands in the Wheatbelt that are listed in
the Directory of Important Wetlands in Australia.
2.5.2
Figure 11: Percentage of farms affected by salinity in the National
Action Plan for Salinity and Water Quality (NAP) regions in WA.
Source: ABS 2003
2.5.1.3
SOIL ACIDIFICATION
According to the National Action Plan for Salinity and
Water Quality and Natural Heritage Trust program
2003-2009 Final Report (Department of Agriculture
and Food, 2010); soil acidity is a major degradation
threat to soils. Acidic soils cause significant losses in
crop production and restricted crop choice, with
reduced plant growth leading to increases in erosion
and nutrient leaching. Acidic drainage also has the
potential to cause serious harm to wetlands.
Acidification of ground and surface water supplies has
been observed in parts of the Wheatbelt. In the west
Avon region this is a potential issue for development of
on-farm water supplies.
The State of the Environment Report (2007) quotes
estimates that two-thirds of agricultural land in the
Wheatbelt is affected by surface soil acidity or is at risk
of acidification. This proportion is much greater than
the amount of land affected by dry land salinity. There
are four main techniques used in ameliorating acid
soils. These are:
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
CLIMATE
The climate of the Wheatbelt is typified by mild wet
winters and hot dry summers. The majority of rain falls
between May and September and until recent years
has been of low variability. Long-term historical
records indicate that our climate is becoming
progressively warmer and dryer. This trend is expected
to continue due to increased levels of greenhouse gas
in the atmosphere. Predictions by CSIRO (2001) suggest
that by 2070 the region can expect higher
temperatures (1-5 degrees warmer), changes to
seasonality and amount of annual rainfall, higher
evaporation rates and more frequent extreme weather
events.
2.5.2.1
CLIMATE CHANGE
A report produced by the Department of Agriculture
and Food WA, “Climate adaptation of the Central
Agricultural Region”, predicts that annual rainfall in the
Wheatbelt will be 5-20% less by 2030. Other predicted
climatic changes for the region include higher average
temperatures, late season breaks, fewer days receiving
more than 10mm of rain during the growing season
and more dry years. The impact that these changes are
likely to have include:
 Lower yielding crops with poorer grain quality due
to shorter seasons and higher temperatures at fill
 Lower lambing numbers due to less feed
Page | 38
 Less groundcover and stubble
 Change in pest and weed risks
 More extreme summer rainfall events
Climate change effects are predicted to be greatest in
the eastern parts of the northern Wheatbelt with 10 to
30 per cent yield decreases. Many adjoining areas are
also likely to be affected plus large areas of the south
eastern Wheatbelt.
2.6
REGIONAL TRENDS
The Wheatbelt is characterised by the diversity of its 43
Local Governments, varied natural environments,
mixed industries and expansive population and
cultures. Underpinning this array of attributes are key
trends that are directly impacting the development of
the region.
2.6.1
THE SILVER LINING
The Wheatbelt region as a whole has experienced a
positive population growth rate of 1.71% between
2002 and 2012. This growth, has however, not been
evenly spread. Shires such as Dalwallinu, Mount
Marshall and Mukinbudin have declined in population
(each had a -3.2% growth rate). Conversely Shires like
Chittering (4.3%) and Wandering (2.5%) have
experienced population growth.
Assessing these population growth contrasts, it is
evident that geography has a significant impact on
these statistics, noting the two Shires experiencing the
most positive Average Annual Growth are within
relatively close proximity to Perth. With the main
arterial road networks stemming from the metro area
traversing directly through the Wheatbelt, the
connectedness to the city makes it attractive for those
who are struggling to meet the high cost of housing in
Perth or for commuters, retirees and families who are
seeking a semi-rural lifestyle.
The sub-regions of Avon and the Coastal and Central
Midlands have experienced an increase in population
in the past decade (2002-2012) while the Central East
and Central South have both declined overall. Whilst
the Shire of Wandering is located in the Central South
sub-region, this Local Government along with all other
Local Government’s sharing boundaries with the Perth
region have seen a positive average annual growth rate
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
in the same timeframe.
The Wheatbelt’s population is increasingly skewed
toward the ageing end of the scale, with 10.3% of our
population aged 70+ as compared to the state average
of 8.2%. This trend is not unique to the Wheatbelt; it is
mimicked on a national and even global scale with Baby
Boomers benefitting from increased life expectancy.
The Wheatbelt has opportunity to take advantage of its
proximity to the Perth metropolitan area, the lower
costs of living and quintessential rural lifestyle. Whilst
the potential workforce may not be full-time, there are
many untapped opportunities to utilise the wealth of
knowledge and experience of the growing retired or
semi-retired population.
2.6.2
GLOBAL APPETITE
In the face of a potential global food crisis as
populations exponentially grow and biodiverse
environments wane in its wake, the food producing
regions of the world will become vital to the global
food system. The Wheatbelt has historically been one
of Australia’s largest nett exporters of cereal grains and
other primary agricultural products, continuing to
improve productivity through innovation despite the
changing environmental and economic climate.
Long before the term ‘climate change’ became part of
everyday vernacular, agriculturists recognised that
their farming practices directly impact the
environmental balance and sought to proactively
remedy the effects such as increased salinity and
unpredictable rainfall. The adoption of new knowledge
and technology has been the key source of productivity
growth in the Australian agricultural industry
(Australian Productivity Commission, 2005). The
availability of more sophisticated farm machinery and
equipment, yield-increasing chemicals and genetic
engineering have catalysed agricultural innovation.
Communication and connectivity have also enabled
productivity growth in the industry and with the NBN
rollout in the Wheatbelt; further digital innovations will
be made possible. The agricultural supply chain has
become more closely integrated over the years which
will only continue to connect consumers with
producers and meet the growing demands of global
food traceability and environmental accountability.
Page | 39
2.6.3
CORPORATISING THE FAMILY FARM
Productivity growth within the agricultural sector has
been shaped by structural changes such as increase in
farm size, shifts in the industry mix and the exit of lower
performing farmers (APC 2005). The size of a farming
property is closely correlated to productivity as
economies of scale enable larger farms to typically
outperform smaller equivalents.
The average farming model in the Wheatbelt and
across Australia has changed over the years as the
ageing population or Baby Boomers have transitioned
out of farming. This has caused ‘buy outs’ of
neighbouring properties to take advantage of the
economies of scale which is reflected by the 23%
increase in average farm size from 2,720ha to 3,340ha
(APC 2005). According to the ABARES 2003 Census, the
number of farms in the Wheatbelt dropped to 6,030 as
indicated in Figure 12.
farm may become a trend of the past. Global demand
for food is only going to increase, so the Wheatbelt
must adapt to these changing circumstances to ensure
that it remains a world leader in agriculture.
Figure 12: Number of farm businesses in the broad acre region of
WA, 1989/90 to 2001/02. Source: Kingwell and Pannell 2005
2.6.4
A
CHANGING
PROFILE
ETHNOGRAPHIC
The average age of a farmer is now 53 (ABS 2012),
which is considerably older than the average workforce
age. In the 1960’s agriculture accounted for 9% of the
national workforce which has now halved along with
the actual number of farms declining by 46,000 or by
one quarter in the two decades leading up to 2002/03
(APC, 2005). As displayed in Figure 13, there is a
growing disparity between the percentage of
owner/managers aged under 45 and the average age
of the farm manager.
The Wheatbelt’s cultural diversity began barely a
century ago when it was settled by Europeans heading
east from the Swan River, following the enthusiasm of
the Kalgoorlie gold rush. At the time, the introduction
of cereal grains and livestock dominated the
agricultural landscape as the industrial revolution took
hold. In recent years though, the Wheatbelt’s
ethnographic profile is transforming and so too are the
agriculture products of the region.
With the average farm size growing and the models of
operation changing to reflect the advances in
innovation and economies of scale, the iconic family
As of 2011 there are 4,866 citizens from the United
Kingdom and 1,949 New Zealanders living in the
Wheatbelt (ABS 2013). These seemingly significant
Figure 13: Changing demography of Australian farm managers. Source: ABARES (2009)
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
Page | 40
statistics though are dwarfed by 177% increase
between 2001 and 2011 of people of Chinese or
Taiwanese decent residing in the region (ABS, 2013).
This multicultural diversity is reflected across the
country and evident in global populations, as the Asian
middle-class continues to boom.
Food preferences are changing to reflect the new
ethnic influences and lifestyles both domestically and
in response to a shift in global populations. For a
country that was once ‘riding on the sheep’s back’, the
traditional Wheatbelt commodities such as cereal
grains and wools are now competing with new
agricultural products such as wine, cheese and seafood
(APC 2005). Australian diets are now influenced by a
multitude of cultures and consumer spending is
shifting toward the fresh, indulgent and authentic
foods and away from traditional processed foods.
Fresh berries, rice, yoghurt and leaf vegetables such as
Asian greens have had the highest percentage change
in food spending by Australian households over six
years to June 2010 (ABS 2013). Those foods showing
the highest percentage decrease include vegetable
juices, marmalades and jams, prepared meat products
and powdered milk (ABS 2013).
As illustrated in Figure 14, traditional mainstays in the
Australian export market such as beef/veal and wheat
still contribute significantly to overall growth but as
compared to other export commodities, have relatively
low annual average growth independently. The
traditional wool products are now in fact having a
negative contribution to overall growth and growth
rate. Many of the agricultural export commodities
contributing most significantly to growth could also be
correlated to the emerging middle class of the Asian
countries such as China and India. Australia’s trade in
agriculture is heavily influenced by sales to three key
markets — Japan, the United States of America and
China. Collectively, these markets accounted for 42% of
agricultural exports in the three years to 2003/04 (APC
2005).
With relative proximity to the emerging Asian markets
and reputation for quality agricultural products, the
Wheatbelt is well-placed to capitalise on the
opportunities arising in the development of the global
market place and food demands of the future.
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
Figure 14: Top 20 agricultural export commodities - contribution
to growth and growth rate, 1990/91 to 2003/04 (% average three
years ended - value terms). Source: Productivity Commission
(2005)
3
FRAMEWORKS
COMMONWEALTH PRIORITIES
3.1
The following Australian Government priorities for
Regional Australia are derived from the “Regional
Australia Strengthening Communities 2013-14” Budget
Statement (DRALGAS, 2013):





Asian Century – investing in infrastructure that
is critical in helping reach national and
international markets.
Regional Roads and Rail – Lifting Australia’s
productivity through four cornerstone themes:
Moving Freight, Connecting People, Safety and
Innovation.
National Broadband Network – Providing high
speed broadband to 100% of Australia to
enable unprecedented access to health and
educational opportunities as well as the global
market place.
Regional liveability – targeted investment in
health, education, community amenity and in
infrastructure that will attract investment to
grow regional economy’s and create jobs.
Region Specific Priorities – targeted initiatives
to address region specific circumstances such
as drought reform measures and natural
disaster relief.
Page | 41
STATE PRIORITIES
3.2
3.2.1
STATE PLANNING STRATEGY
The State Planning Strategy (2013) is an overarching
strategic document that informs all other State,
regional and local planning strategies, policies and
approvals in Western Australia.
Six inter-related principles underpin and inform the
State Planning Strategy;






Community – Enable diverse, affordable,
accessible and safe communities.
Economy – Facilitate trade, investment,
innovation, employment and community
betterment.
Environment – conserve the State’s natural
assets through sustainable development.
Infrastructure – Ensure infrastructure supports
development.
Regional development – build the competitive
and collaborative advantages of the regions.
Governance – build community confidence in
development processes and practices.
Five interrelated strategic goals have been identified
with the view to realising a vision of sustained
prosperity for Western Australia:





1
Global competitiveness will be enhanced
through economic diversification.
Economic expansion and inter-regional
collaboration will build strong and resilient
regions.
Investment in infrastructure and social capital
will build sustainable communities.
Infrastructure planning and coordination will
achieve efficiencies and promote economic
growth.
Sustainable development and efficient use of
resources will enhance environmental
conservation.
3.3
LOCAL GOVERNMENT PRIORITIES
Local Government priorities for the purposes of this
Plan were deduced through the following consultation
mechanisms1:
1) Facilitated workshops held during the
Wheatbelt Conference in April 2013.
2) A Local Government Survey administered in
May 2013.
3) Country Local Government Fund forums
hosted by the Wheatbelt Development
Commission in August 2012.
Priority Focus Areas identified include:
 Telecommunications infrastructure (including
the NBN rollout and Mobile Phone towers) and
regional capacity to optimize use of new and
existing technology.
 Economic growth and development facilitated
by building on the regions comparative
advantages and existing industry strengths.
 Improved health/medical services and
facilities.
 Services and infrastructure to support an
ageing population.
 Improved education/training and employment
opportunities.
 Build tourism as a complimentary industry for
the region.
 Overcome barriers to residential and industrial
land development.
 Address inefficiencies in current utilities,
particularly power and water.
 Transport infrastructure including roads, rail
and aviation.
 Facilitate greater collaboration and resource
sharing across the 43 Local Governments.
 Adequate and appropriate child care services
accessible to all Wheatbelt communities.
 Diversify accommodation stock to cater for a
greater range of needs (e.g. ageing, workers,
short stay, etc.).
 Continued
investment
in
community
Further information on each of these consultation mechanisms is
available in appendix 1
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
Page | 42
infrastructure such as sport and recreation
facilities and public spaces.
Availability of skilled labour and employment
options
Arts and culture offerings are limited and
what is on offer is not of a high standard
Young people leaving the region and those that
stay have limited support and opportunities
The Wheatbelt “brand” is not well known. We
need to market our social assets to encourage
inward migration to the region




ANALYSIS
4
COAG KEY DETERMINANTS OF LONGTERM REGIONAL ECONOMIC GROWTH
The economic performance of a region is influenced by
a range of factors. The Key Determinants of Long-term
Regional Economic Growth provide a common lens
through which to analyse a region and identify regional
economic development priorities.
The key determinants facilitate coordination and
cooperation between different levels of government
by focusing development efforts. They also provide a
foundation for regional planning and give a strategic
and coordinated basis for considering activities and
investments to support the long-term economic
growth of regional Australia. This approach can help
regional leaders to identify opportunities to align with
government policies, implement regional actions that
support existing policies and take advantage of
regionally-focused programs.2
4.1
HUMAN CAPITAL
Improvements in human capital can enhance the
innovative and productive capacity of a workforce.
Developing a highly skilled and educated workforce
assists with building the resilience of a region.
Individuals with greater education and skills can pursue
a wider range of employment opportunities, adapt to
new processes and technologies which improve
productivity, and improve their standard of living.
4.1.1




HUMAN CAPITAL CHALLENGES
Low unemployment in the region is contributing
to skilled and un-skilled workforce shortages.
Limited alternative employment models (e.g.
flexible, job share, telework) exclude certain
sectors of the population from participating in the
labour force.
The limited scope and availability of training and
employment opportunities is resulting in an outmigration of Wheatbelt young people.
There are limited opportunities to participate in
tertiary education in the region and barriers to
accessing on-line education due to substandard
telecommunications.
4.1.2
HUMAN CAPITAL OPPORTUNITIES
 Address workforce shortages by targeting improved
participation from Wheatbelt residents currently
underrepresented in the labour force.
 Introduce flexible and alternative models of early
childhood education and care (i.e. childcare) to
enable greater workforce participation from
primary caregivers wishing to gain employment.
 Become niche providers of agricultural research and
education (both vocational and non-vocational) and
market this expertise as a saleable asset
domestically and internationally.
 Trial innovative labour sharing models, particularly
for hard to fill skilled positions and
apprentices/trainees.
 Greater access to alternative employment
arrangements such as teleworking will be enabled
by
improvements
to
telecommunications
infrastructure (through the NBN rollout and
Regional Mobile Communications Program).
 Cross-Industry skills training and targeted
recognition of prior learning initiatives will enable
highly skilled but “under qualified” workers in the
region to improve their employability.
 Expanded e-education offerings through local
training and education providers and linkages with
external providers will minimize geographical
barriers and enable greater access to all levels of
education.
 Improvements to health/medical services in the
region (facilitated through the Southern Inland
2
Please note that all definitions of the key
determinants are taken from the Framework for
Regional Economic Development (DRALGAS, 2013)
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
Page | 43
Health Initiative) offer the potential for a greater
array of employment opportunities across the
spectrum of education levels. This represents a
particular opportunity for young people in the
region.


SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES
4.2
Population is one of the most important resources of a
region. Population change can be a significant factor in
the long term viability of the local community in terms
of economic, environmental and social sustainability.
Population change affects demand for regional
infrastructure and services, and can influence the
amenity or liveability of regions. Growth in a region’s
working age population can boost the labour force and
expand the productive capacity of the region’s
economy.

Access to markets includes access to trading partners,
clients and labour. Improving access to markets
broadens trade, allows competitive industries to grow
and can increase the availability of goods and services.
4.3.1




4.2.2


SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES
CHALLENGES
Differential growth across the region, with the
population growing steadily in some areas whilst
other parts of the Wheatbelt have more stable or
declining populations.
The demographic profile of the region is shifting
toward an increase in the number of older people
and a decline in the number of young people.
The increased ethnic diversity of Wheatbelt
residents is not being matched by an increase in
services and support for people with culturally and
linguistically diverse backgrounds
Providing infrastructure and services to a
relatively small and geographically dispersed
population means that there is limited capacity for
economies of scale
SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES
OPPORTUNITIES
Facilitate a comprehensive network model, built
around the regional centres, to enable improved
equity of access to services and amenities through
links between communities.
The affordability of the region and its close
proximity to Perth, couple with improvements to
health/medical facilities and aged care services
and infrastructure will attract an older
demographic to the region and drive demand for
retirement villages and aged friendly housing.
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
ACCESS TO MARKETS
4.3

4.2.1
Improved access to health and other services in
more remote parts of the region can be achieved
through digital technology
Capitalise on the continued population growth of
peri-urban and coastal areas, to attract new
services and infrastructure to the region.

The network of state, national and local roads in
the region require a significant injection of funds
to ensure that they are safe and fit for purpose.
Closure of Tier 3 rail lines has the potential to
negatively impact grain freight to ports, which
could have long term implications given the
predicted exponential growth in demand for
cereals and other agricultural products in years to
come.
The aviation industry within the Wheatbelt is
minimal and largely centres on recreational
activity (e.g. gliding, flight schools, etc.). Further
growth of this industry for commercial purposes is
hampered by a lack of funding and adequate
planning.
4.3.2




ACCESS TO MARKETS CHALLENGES
ACCESS TO MARKETS OPPORTUNITIES
The spatial location of the Wheatbelt in relation to
mining activity in the North and East of the state
puts it in a prime position to offer support services
(e.g. maintenance and fabrication) to this
industry.
The regions substantial road and rail network and
the resultant connectedness to major ports and
urban centres presents an opportunity for
expansive development in transport, background
logistics and manufacturing.
Western Australia’s and in particular the
Wheatbelt’s proximity to Asian markets compared
to other major trading partners (e.g. Europe) has
the potential to enable seamless production and
distribution of a wide range of export products.
Improved telecommunications infrastructure
(enabled through the NBN rollout and Regional
Mobile Communications Program) will enable
access to more diverse markets on a national and
international scale.
Page | 44

The development of a centrally located regional
airport with the capacity for commercial and
passenger aircraft has the capacity to enable new
freight options and allow for greater mobility of
the workforce to support areas in higher need of
labour
COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE &
BUSINESS COMPETITIVENESS
4.4
Comparative advantage is an area of relative strength
or specialisation. Efforts to develop regional
economies are most successful when they focus on
building on such strengths. Businesses can also use a
region’s comparative advantage to build a competitive
advantage, which is also developed through the
combination of factors such as knowledge, resources,
skills and the ability to innovate.
4.4.1





COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
CHALLENGES
The agriculture industry of the Wheatbelt is the
region’s biggest asset but at the same time creates
its greatest challenge as the industry is subject to
huge peaks and troughs that are mostly
determined by factors beyond human control (e.g.
weather).
Financial constraints are a barrier to industry
diversification, particularly for agriculturalists.
Many have identified opportunities to value add
to their core business but are unable to progress
due to a lack of capital.
Infrastructure deficiencies (e.g. power, water and
telecommunications) are a limitation to industry
growth and a deterrent to private investment in
the region.
The supply of water for commercial and industrial
uses will become increasingly challenging
particularly for high growth areas within and
adjacent to the region.
The Wheatbelt is not well known domestically or
internationally. People can’t invest if they don’t
know that the region exists.
4.4.2
COMPARATIVE
OPPORTUNITIES
ADVANTAGE
 Currently untapped subterranean water reserves
(saline or otherwise) have the potential to be
accessed, treated and utilised for domestic and
commercial purposes.
 As the world population grows, so too will the
worlds need for more food. There is huge potential
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
to expand existing agricultural production and
diversify in to new areas to meet market demand.
 The corporatisation of farming businesses and
exploration of other alternative business models
will help to ensure the sustainability of the industry
in the face of a decline of the family farm business.
 The connectedness of the Wheatbelt reduces costs
associated with transporting goods. Long term
planning and good marketing of this comparative
advantage will attract investment to grow and
diversify industry and grow jobs in the region.
 The natural amenity and heritage of the region is a
comparative advantage. Building on the diversity
and quality of tourism infrastructure (including
accommodation) will enhance the attractiveness of
the region to domestic and international visitors.
5
RAI [IN]SIGHT DATA
The Regional Australia Institute (RAI) has constructed
[In]Sight to provide a consistent, comprehensive and
accessible view of the status of Australia’s regions and
their prospects for development in the future.
The [In]Sight framework consists of 59 measurable
indicators of competitiveness across ten themes. The
themes include:








Infrastructure and Essential Services.
Institutions.
Economic Fundamentals.
Human Capital.
Technological Readiness.
Innovation.
Market Size.
Natural Resources.
Together the themes and indicators capture a region’s
inherent ability to attract and utilise capital and labour
efficiently to maintain and improve economic and
social prosperity.
The competitiveness of each region in Australia
(including metropolitan regions) is assessed at both the
Local Government Area (LGA) level and also at a
Regional Development Australia (RDA) area level.
For each indicator RDA regions have been assigned a
ranking (based on standard deviation scores) to
indicate their relative competitiveness on a national
scale. The regions have been ranked from 1 to 55.
Page | 45
As per table 5, the highest overall ranking for the
Wheatbelt RDA region over the ten themes was for
Labour Market Efficiency. This theme looks at
employment rates and levels of workforce
participation, and the Wheatbelt was ranked seventh
and ninth on these measurable indicators. These
rankings are reflective of the regions consistently low
unemployment rate and high level of workforce
participation.
The worst performing areas for the Wheatbelt RDA
region were Institutions, Technological Readiness and
Economic Fundamentals.
The Economic Fundamentals theme measures the
value of building approvals per capita, average wage
and salary income and business confidence. Combined
these measures give an indication of the general
economic climate in a region. The region was ranked 54
on the measure of building approvals per capita and 37
on average wage income. Conversely business
confidence was ranked 9 nationally, based on
responses to the RAI Regional Business Conditions
survey.
The Technological Readiness theme measures the
percentage of households with an internet connection,
percentage of households and businesses with
broadband internet, the percent of the workforce
employed by technology related businesses and the
percent of workers employed as ICT and electronics
specialists. On the last two measures the Wheatbelt
was ranked 54 and 55 respectively. The region was also
ranked 50 on the measure of household internet
connections.
The Institutions theme rankings are determined by a
combination of Commonwealth, State and local
government controls that play a role in creating the
legal and administrative framework within which
investors and businesses operate and households
reside and therefore have a strong bearing on
competitiveness due to the level of influence on
investment decisions. The majority of measures under
this theme were assessed using data from the Regional
Business Conditions survey and despite the overall
poor ranking, the Wheatbelt was ranked within the top
10 on five of the measures (local government
assistance for business, financial burden of local
government, roles and responsibilities in regional
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
governance, transparency of local government policy
and regional government influence at a state/national
level).
Theme
Labour Market Efficiency
Business Sophistication
Natural Resources
Market Size
Human Capital
Innovation
Infrastructure
and
Essential
Services
Institutions
Technological Readiness
Economic Fundamentals
Ranking
7
19
31
41
45
46
48
49
49
50
Table 5. RAI Competitiveness theme rankings for the Wheatbelt
RDA region
ACTION AGENDA
6
VISION
RDA Wheatbelt’s vision for the region is:
“A “possibility belt” that grows as a result of vibrant
and diverse people, industry and environment (built
and natural)”
When this vision is realised the Wheatbelt will have:







Utilities (power, water, telecommunications)
that meet demand and enable further growth
(business and people) in the region
Digitally
enabled
and
well-connected
communities and businesses
A value adding and adaptive agriculture
industry that meets food production, supply
and distribution needs domestically and
internationally
A strong and sustainable economy built on
diverse industry that is responsive to emerging
and niche markets
Safe, well networked and inclusive
communities that have services and
infrastructure that meet the needs of a diverse
demographic profile
A safe and efficient transport network that
supports a thriving logistics industry
Equitable access to high quality health/medical
services and education/training opportunities
Page | 46
7
PRIORITY REGIONAL PROJECTS & INITIATIVES
The priority infrastructure projects outlined in this section have primarily been derived from State Government identified priorities for the region (as determined through
State budget allocations for 2013-14 and the Western Australian Regional Freight Transport Network Plan), Local Government identified regional priorities as determined
through the 2012 CLGF forums (refer to Appendix 1) and priority projects identified by the RDA Wheatbelt committee through the assessment of projects for the Regional
Development Australia Fund Rounds One, Two and Four. Round Three projects have not been included as the focus for this round was on smaller scale local projects as
opposed to broad reaching regional projects that were the focus of the other rounds.
It is important to note that this is not an exhaustive list of projects for the region. Additional Local Government priority infrastructure projects are provided in Appendix 1
and a more thorough and comprehensive list of priority projects will be identified through the Wheatbelt Infrastructure Investment Blueprint, which is currently being
developed by the Wheatbelt Development Commission.
7.1
INFRASTRUCTURE
Priority Project
Location
Benefits
TRANSPORT
Investing in narrow gauge Various locations
network upgrades to Tier 1
and selected Tier 2 lines
serving the region’s grain silo
network
Proposed Lead Agent (s)
Securing the future of the grain rail network,  WA
Department
which is vital to the agricultural industry of
Transport
the Wheatbelt
 Brookfield Rail
Upgrading the Great Northern Central Midlands Sub-Region
Highway: Muchea to Wubin
Stage 2
Other Stakeholders
of  Wheatbelt Local
Governments
 Commonwealth
Government
Department
of
Transport
&
Infrastructure
 WATCO
 CBH Group
of  Wheatbelt Local
Governments
This road is a key link for transport of  WA
Department
Transport
equipment and supplies to the resources
industry in the north of Western Australia,  Commonwealth
Government Department
including the Pilbara. These upgrades will
of
Transport
&
improve productivity by enhancing the
Infrastructure
highway and improving safety and travel  Main Roads WA
times.
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
Page | 47
Priority Project
Location
Great
Eastern
Highway: Shires of Westonia and Yilgarn
Reconstruct the Highway from
Walgoolan to Karalee.
ENERGY
Mid West Energy Project
Benefits
Proposed Lead Agent (s)
A significant improvement to road-user safety,  WA
Department
Transport
reduced maintenance costs due to edge wear

Main Roads WA
and reduced transport and road user costs.
Other Stakeholders
of  Wheatbelt Local
Governments
 Commonwealth
Government
Department
of
Transport
&
Infrastructure
Central Midlands and Coastal Provision of power to cater for predicted  Western Power
Sub-Region
future electricity demand and possible
generation connections.
Collgar Wind Farm Stage 2 – Shire of Merredin – Eastern Contribute toward the federal government’s  UBS International
Construction of additional 16 Wheatbelt
RET target of 20% of all energy generated to be
Infrastructure Fund &
Turbines
renewable by 2020 and continued support of
Retail Employees
the Country East load area to meet future
Superannuation Trust
demands.
(owners)
SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
Narrogin Cottage Homes – 14 Narrogin
bed
Dementia
Specific
Residential unit
 WA Office for Energy
 Western Power
 WA Office for Energy
Provision of essential services and  Narrogin Cottage Homes
infrastructure to meet the needs of the ageing
population in the Southern Wheatbelt
Southern
Inland
Health Northam, Narrogin, Merredin
Initiative (SIHI) - Major
upgrades to regional hospitals
Wheatbelt GP Super Clinic
Northam
 Department of
Health & Aging
 WA Country Health
Service
Reform and improve access to health care for  WA
Country
Health  Wheatbelt
Local
all Wheatbelt residents
Service
Governments
 Department of Health
The GP Super Clinic will bring together general  Department of Health &  Wheatbelt
Local
practitioners, practice nurses, allied health
Aging
Governments
professionals, visiting medical specialists and  Wheatbelt GP Network
 WA Country Health
other health care providers to deliver primary
Service
health care services to address the health care
needs and priorities of the Avon sub-region
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
Page | 48
Priority Project
4WD
Well-Age
Persons
Housing – Construction of 52
Units across 7 Shires
Multi-Purpose
Housing
Projects – Various (as per
priority projects identified
through the CLGF Forums
outlined in Appendix 1)
Location
Shires of West Arthur, Williams,
Wagin, Dumbleyung, Lake Grace,
Woodanilling and Kent
Benefits
Proposed Lead Agent (s)
The units are specifically designed for aged  Lakes & 4WD Well-Aged
persons seeking the opportunity to downsize
Persons Housing Strategy
from the family home to a more manageable
Regional Alliance
smaller home, in their community of choice.
Central Midlands ROC, WEROC, Provision of diverse housing stock to  Wheatbelt
Local
accommodate
the
needs
of
different
sectors
of
Governments
NEWROC,
Brookton-Pingelly
the community (e.g. aged, youth, workers,
RTG, AROC
families, visitors)
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
National Broadband Network Whole of region
(NBN) Rollout – Fibre, fixedwireless
and
satellite
technologies
Regional
Mobile
Communications
Project
(RMCP) – Construction of
remaining towers (16 in total)
Shires of West Arthur, WonganBallidu, Mt Marshall, Gingin,
Northam, Beverley, Kondinin,
Koorda, Moora, Mukinbudin,
Narembeen, Wickepin and
Dandaragan
EDUCATION & TRAINING
Upgrades to Northam and Northam and Narrogin
Narrogin Senior High Schools
Upgrades to the CY O’Connor Northam and Narrogin
Institute Narrogin Campus and
Muresk Institute
Other Stakeholders
 WA Department of
Regional
Development (RfR
program)
 Lancorp
 WA
Planning
Commission
 WA Department of
Regional
Development
The NBN will provide high-speed, affordable  NBN Co.
 Wheatbelt Local
broadband internet to households and  Department of
Governments
businesses throughout the region
Broadband,
Communications & the
Digital Economy (DBCDE)
RMCP is intended to deliver terrestrial mobile,  Department of Commerce  Wheatbelt
voice and high speed wireless data broadband  Department of Regional
Development
to improve highway and town-to-town
Development
Commission
coverage in regional, rural and remote
 Wheatbelt Local
communities of the State
Governments
Improvements to education infrastructure in  WA
Department
of  WA Department of
regional centres, which service the majority of
Education
Regional
Wheatbelt youth, will result in improved  Northam and Narrogin
Development (RfR
quality of secondary education in the region
Senior High Schools
program)
and help to improve year 12 attainment rates
There are limited opportunities to participate  CY O’Connor Institute
 WA Department of
in post-secondary education in the region. CY
Regional
O’Connor Institute is currently the primary
Development (RfR
provider and investment is required to ensure
program)
existing infrastructure meets current needs
and can expand to offer additional
education/training opportunities
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
Page | 49
Priority Project
Location
ECONOMIC/INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
NEWROC
Business Shires of Koorda, Mt Marshall,
Development – construction Mukinbudin, Nungarin, Trayning
of 11 modular industrial and and Wyalkatchem
business incubator units
“World Class on the Water” – Shires of Dandaragn and Gingin
Classic Windsurf and Blessing
of the Fleet
Cunderdin Regional Airport Cunderdin
Commercial
Development
Project
Wagin Integrated Food/Fibre Wagin
Processing Hub (WIFFPH)
Wheatbelt
Project
Heritage
Benefits
Proposed Lead Agent (s)
Other Stakeholders
The focus of this project is on attracting new
SME’s to the region which will complement
existing industries and diversify and grow the
economic base of this sub-region
The Coastal sub-region is host to two worldclass events which are a key part of its
economic future (Classic Windsurf and
Blessing of the Fleet, Indian Ocean Festival).
These events have grown beyond the capacity
of existing infrastructure. In addition, the full
potential to leverage these events for
economic and social benefits to the local
communities has yet to be realised.
This project will contribute to diversifying the
economic base of the Wheatbelt through the
growth of the aviation industry.
This innovative project will help to address
salinity issues and build the regional economy
 NEWROC Local
Governments
 WA Department of
Regional
Development (RfR
program)
 WA Department of
Regional
Development (RfR
program)
 Shires of Dandaragn
and Gingin
 Shire of Cunderdin
 WA Department of
Transport

 Shire of Wagin
 Morton Seed and
Grain
 Murdoch University
 Other Wheatbelt
Local Governments
involved
 Rail Heritage Australia
Rail Shires of Dowerin, York, This tourism project addresses the identified  Shire of Dowerin
Northam, Beverley, Goomalling need for industry development in our region
and Wyalkatchem
and it also has the potential to increase
domestic and international visitors to the
Wheatbelt.
WATER
Upgrade works to the This system services the Avon,
Goldfields and Agricultural Central East and parts of
Water
Supply
Scheme Wheatbelt South and the Central
(GAWSS)
Midlands and Coastal subregions
Upgrades to the GAWSS will help to meet  Water Corp
anticipated increased demand on water
resulting from future population and industrial
growth in the region
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
 WA Department of
Water
Page | 50
7.2
PLANNING
Priority Project
Location
Wheatbelt
Infrastructure Whole of region
Investment Blueprint
Benefits
The Blueprint will:
• Build a logical and compelling
argument for regional development
• Inform
and
justify
regional
investment
• Foster a partnership approach and
align regional stakeholders towards
the same goals to maximise the
return on effort/investment
• Embed
regional
development
priorities into future decision making
and investment
Wheatbelt Water Plan – IWSS Planning – Avon, Central Planning will enable optimal water
Potable and Industrial
East
and
Central utilisation and identify strategic
Midlands/Coastal sub-regions
investment required to ensure sufficient
GSTWS Planning – South water is available across the region for
Wheatbelt
future domestic and industrial purposes
Wheatbelt Sub-Regional
Central East
The economic planning process will
Economic Development
Southern Wheatbelt
identify an investment focus for each
Strategy’s
Central Midlands
sub-region within the Wheatbelt that
builds on the comparative advantages
and natural assets of the area
Regional Children’s Services Whole of Region
Sustainable delivery of children’s
Plan
services in the region and wellresourced services that meet the needs
of current and future Wheatbelt
residents
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
Proposed Lead Agent (s) Other Stakeholders
 Wheatbelt
 Wheatbelt Local
Development
Governments
Commission
 RDA Wheatbelt
 Various State Government
Agency’s
 Water Corporation
 Department of Water
 Wheatbelt Local Governments
 Wheatbelt Development
Commission
 Wheatbelt
Development
Commission
 RDA Wheatbelt
 Wheatbelt Local Governments
 Wheatbelt Business Sector
 RDA Wheatbelt
 Wheatbelt Early Years
Networks
 Wheatbelt Local Governments
 Department of Local
Government & Communities
 Service providers
 Department of Education,
Employment & Workplace
Relations (DEEWR)
Page | 51
Priority Project
Wheatbelt Food Plan
Location
Whole of region
Wheatbelt Sport & Recreation Whole of region
Plan
Wheatbelt Natural Resource Wheatbelt NRM catchment area
Management Strategy
“Renew”
Feasibility Study
Wheatbelt Whole of region
Wheatbelt Integrated Aged Sub-regional solutions reports
Care and Support Solutions will be developed for:
project
- Coastal and Central Midlands
- AROC
- SEAVROC
- ROEROC
- 4WDL ROC
- Dryandra
Benefits
Identify Wheatbelt opportunities to
contribute toward the food production
and supply goals identified in the
National Food Plan. This Plan would also
outline alternative business models
(including corporatization) to identify
sustainable and resilient farm practices
Strategic investment in infrastructure,
through the identification of priority
projects at a regional and sub-regional
level will ensure that Wheatbelt
residents have access to high quality
sport and recreational facilities and
services
The diverse natural assets of the region
are conserved and managed to protect
biodiversity values
Reinvigorated empty spaces and
enhanced
cultural
and
artistic
opportunities in the region
Proposed Lead Agent (s) Other Stakeholders
 Department
of  Department of Agriculture,
Agriculture & Food
Fisheries and Forestry (DAFF)
WA (DAFWA)
 WA Department of  Wheatbelt Local Governments
Sport & Recreation
 Department
of
Regional
Australia, Local Government,
Arts & Sport
 Wheatbelt NRM
 RDA Wheatbelt
The Wheatbelt will be well placed to  Wheatbelt
meet the demands of an ageing
Development
population through investment in
Commission
identified services, support and
infrastructure needs for the region
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18












Wheatbelt Local Governments
DAFWA
DAFF
Community Arts Network of
WA (CANWA)
Renew organizations
Wheatbelt Local Governments
Community groups
WA Country Health Service
SW WA Medicare Local
Department of Health & Aging
RDA Wheatbelt
Wheatbelt Local Governments
Page | 52
7.3
LEADERSHIP & ADVOCACY
Priority Project
Ongoing negotiations to
facilitate a sustainable
arrangement to keep Tier
3 lines operational
Implementation of the
Wheatbelt Digital Action
Plan
Location
Benefits
Proposed Lead Agent (s)
Various locations with Securing the future of the grain rail network,  WA Department of
Tier 3 lines
which is vital to the agricultural industry of the
Transport
Wheatbelt.
 CBH Group
 Brookfield Rail
Whole of region
A digitally enabled region with well-connected  RDA Wheatbelt
communities and businesses.
 Heartlands WA
Formation of a regional Whole of region
Transport
advocacy
group
This group will provide a voice at a Federal, State
and local level to ensure the regions transport
priorities are understood and acknowledged.
 RDA Wheatbelt
Implementation of the Central
Eastern
Central East Wheatbelt Wheatbelt sub-region
Aged Care and Solutions
report
The Wheatbelt will be well placed to meet the
demands of an ageing population through
investment in identified services, support and
infrastructure needs for the region.
 Central Eastern
Wheatbelt Aged
Care Alliance
China Sister
agreement
The sister region concept will help to capitalise
on opportunities offered by the “Asian Century”
by identifying mutually beneficial economic
opportunities for the Wheatbelt and China.
This Plan was developed with the primary aim of
building, attracting and retaining a skilled
workforce to meet the economic needs of the
Wheatbelt region. The actions identified will
address
local
workforce
development
challenges.
 RDA Wheatbelt
Region Whole of region
Implementation of the Whole of region
Wheatbelt
Workforce
Development Plan
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
 Wheatbelt
Workforce
Development
Alliance
Other Stakeholders
 WATCO
 Wheatbelt Rail Retention Alliance
 Wheatbelt Local Governments
 Wheatbelt
Development
Commission
 DBCDE
 WA Department of Commerce
 Wheatbelt Local Governments
 Wheatbelt
Development
Commission
 Wheatbelt Local Government
 Main Roads WA
 Wheatbelt
Development
Commission
 WA Country Health Service
 SW WA Medicare Local
 Department of Health & Aging
 RDA Wheatbelt
 Wheatbelt
Development
Commission
 Wheatbelt Local Governments
 Regional Training Organizations
 DEEWR
 Wheatbelt business sector
Page | 53
8 IMPLEMENTATION MECHANISMS
It is not the intention of RDA Wheatbelt to oversee all of the initiatives outlined in the Wheatbelt Regional
Plan; rather we will focus on the projects we believe we are well positioned to action and achieve real
outcomes for our region.
This section outlines the initiatives that RDA Wheatbelt will take an active role in during 2013-14. The projects
identified were chosen based on the following criteria:




The initiative aligns with the regional, state and national priorities
The initiative is a good fit with the RDA Charter and Roles
The initiative will advance the vision, purpose and objectives of RDA Wheatbelt
There is strong likelihood of funding, or an active partnership, to get results on the issue
RDAW Priorities 2013-14
Implementation Mechanisms
Drive strategic investment 
in the region to support
social
and
economic
growth

Leadership and advocacy 
for investment in strategic

transport infrastructure.
Implementation of the
Wheatbelt Digital Action
Plan
Provide leadership in
efforts
to
improve
Children’s and Youth
services in the region





Investigate
“renew” 
initiatives to reinvigorate
empty spaces and enhance 
cultural
and
artistic
opportunities in the region
Support the Wheatbelt Development Commission in the
development of the Wheatbelt Infrastructure Investment
Blue Print
Continue conversations with Chinese Consul General’s
office to progress the idea of a “sister region” for the
Wheatbelt as an opportunity to facilitate relationship
building and promote viable business opportunities to
potential international investors
Leadership and advocacy through the RDA Wheatbelt
Transport Infrastructure Sub-Committee
Formation of a regional Transport advocacy group that
will promote and advocate for urgent transport priorities
to be addressed at a Federal, State and local level
Formation of a “Digital Action Plan” Implementation team
Provide support to the “Growing the Digital Wheatbelt”
project (Heartlands WA)
Develop a Wheatbelt Children’s Services Plan
Implement actions identified in the Wheatbelt Youth
Strategy
Work with DEEWR to identify and implement additional
PaCE programs aimed at improving educational outcomes
for young Aboriginal mums
Investigate “renew” initiatives and determine
opportunities for the Wheatbelt region
Work with Local Government and community groups to
trial “renew” initiatives
Time Frame
July 2013 –
February
2014
Ongoing and
dependent on
priorities
July 2013 –
June 2014
July 2013 –
June 2014
August 2013 –
June 2014
9 REVIEW
The Wheatbelt Regional plan is a living document and will be reviewed on an annual basis to ensure it remains
adaptive to the regions needs and priorities. An update to the Plan will be completed in July of each year.
The RDA Wheatbelt Board acknowledges that changes to the plan may be required outside of these review
periods if there are significant shifts in the regional context.
RDA Wheatbelt will have an annual Business Plan that specifies the detail of delivery against the key strategies
identified in this plan. Any changes to the Regional Plan will be reflected in the Business Plan.
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
Page | 54
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case study. In Biological Conservation 50: 99-135.
45.Saunders, D.A.; Hobbs, R.J. and Margules, C.R.;
(1991) 'Biological consequences of ecosystem
fragmentation: A review.' Conservation Biology
5(1):18-32.
46.Small Business Development Corporation (2012).
State of Small Business Research Project
47.Strategic Grain Network Committee (2009). Freight
and Logistics Council of WA, ‘Strategic Grain
Network Review’ December 2009
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
48.Syed, A., Melanie, J., Thorpe, S. & Penney, K. (2010).
Australian energy projections to 2029-30. ABARE
research report 10.02
49.The Water Corporation (2012). WA 10 Year Water
Supply Strategy
50.Trestrail. C, Martin. P, New. R, Corrie. K and Frakes.
I, (2013). Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry in the
Wheatbelt region of Western Australia, ABARES,
About my region 13.42
51.The Department for Training and Employment
(2009). Wheatbelt Regional Profile Report
52.Water
Corporation
(2013).
Online
http://www.watercorporation.com.au
at
53.WA Country Health Service (2012). Service Plan:
Western Wheatbelt Health District 2011/12 –
2021/22
54.Western Australia Planning Commission (2011).
Wheatbelt Regional Profile (Draft).
55.Western Australia Planning Commission (2012c).
Draft Wheatbelt Planning & Infrastructure
Framework
56.Wheatbelt Development Commission (2012a).
Wheatbelt Snapshot Series: Potable Water
57.Wheatbelt Development Commission (2012b).
Wheatbelt Snapshot Series: Power and Energy
58.Wheatbelt Development Commission (2012c).
Towards a Wheatbelt Infrastructure Plan Report 3
2012-13
59.UNCCD (2011). Desertification: a visual synthesis. In
Hajkowicz SA, Cook H, Littleboy A. (2012). Our
Future World: Global megatrends that will change
the way we live. The 2012 Revision. CSIRO, Australia
60.UNESA (2012). When has the world population
reached or is expected to reach each successive
billion? Online: http://esa.un.org/wpp/OtherInformation/faq.htm#q3.
61.Western Power (2010). Revised Options Paper,
Midwest Energy Project – Southern Section.
62.Western Power (2012). Mid West Energy Project
newsletter July 2012
63.WSAA (2010). Implications of population growth in
Australia on urban water resources. Occasional
Paper No. 25
Page | 56
APPENDIX 1
9.1.1
WHEATBELT CONFERENCE
The Wheatbelt Conference 2013 enabled delegates to
participate in one of three workshops from topics
based on the Conference theme Working Together for
the Wheatbelt’s Future. A summary of some of the
ideas generated through these workshops is as follows:
 Common development application template
(preferably on-line) across all 43 Local
Governments.
 Work collaboratively (including sharing resources)
for better outcomes.
 Economic growth should centre on the identified
economic drivers of Transport logistics and
specialist manufacturing.
 Build tourism as a complimentary industry for the
region.
 Continue research and innovation in agriculture and
use this knowledge as a saleable asset.
 Unlock existing resources such as water reserves to
grow industry.
 Market our social assets (sense of community,
connectedness, pride of place, etc.) to encourage
inward migration to the region.
 There is limited support for local businesses from
within the region (people shop outside the
Wheatbelt). Buy local campaigns and other
incentive schemes could reverse this trend.
9.1.2
COUNTRY
LOCAL
GOVERNMENT
FUND (CLGF) FORUMS
During the CLGF Forum’s, Local Government
participants were asked to identify the highest
priorities for Wheatbelt-wide coordination and
advocacy.
Priority Focus Areas identified include:
 Telecommunications
 Health care
 Aged care
 Education
 Barriers to land development (particularly utilities)
 Transport
 Housing
 Energy
 Water
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
 Childcare
Secondary Areas of Focus Identified include:
 Impact of Carbon Tax
 Aviation Industry development
 Waste management
 Heritage
 Tourism Infrastructure
9.1.2.1
INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS
The Wheatbelt infrastructure projects identified for
the 2012/13 Regional Component of the country local
government fund are outlined below
ROC/Group
Highest Priority for the 2012/13
CLGF Regional Component
Coastal
“World Class on the Water” –
Classic Windsurf and Blessing of
the Fleet
Central Midlands
ROC
 Accommodation
 Land availability
AVON ROC
Well aged housing
SEAVROC
Under discussion at time of
writing
WEROC
Multi-purpose housing
NEWROC
Multi-purpose housing project
Lakes & 4WD Well
Aged
Housing
Regional Alliance
Continue well-aged housing
project
DRYANDRA ROC
 Commercial
and
light
industrial premises for
business start-up/relocation
 Regional Waste facilities
 Narrogin Heavy Haulage
Bypass Stage 2
 Regional mobile phone
towers
ROE ROC
Recreation and Events Centre
(located in Corrigin)
Brookton-Pingelly
RTG
Multi-purpose housing project
Page | 57
9.1.3
LOCAL GOVERNMENT SURVEY
The on-line survey, administered by RDA Wheatbelt asked Local Governments to outline key challenges and opportunities in the categories of social capital,
business and industry, infrastructure and sustainable communities. It also asked for details of the top three priority infrastructure projects for the next five
years. The following section outlines the responses received. Please note that the response rate to the survey was only 21% so this does not reflect the views
of all Wheatbelt Local Governments
9.1.3.1
CHALLENGES & OPPORTUNITIES
Category
Infrastructure
Social Capital
Challenges
 Lack of road data and appropriate funding to upgrade and
maintain road infrastructure
 Mobile phone coverage and internet are poor
 Cost of upgrading water and power
 Water security
 Tier 3 Rail Network
 Lack of aged accommodation
 Poor state of State Infrastructure (e.g. schools, Police
Stations, etc.)
 Costs of maintaining historical buildings within towns
 Deep sewerage for the industrial area of town.
 Recreation infrastructure requires replacement. This
includes Community Centres, toilets, change rooms, sports
pavilions, and swimming pools
 Retention of services (e.g. medical, police, banking and
education)
 Arts and culture is limited and not of a high standard
 Lack of health services within the Shire and ability to attract
permanent services
 Year 11 and 12 schooling and the trend of sending children
outside of the region for education
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
Opportunities
 Co-location and resource sharing of community groups and sporting
facilities
 Tourist attractions with old historic buildings
 Safer road network if rail system was upgraded
 Passenger rail service from Gingin back into the metropolitan area,
this would facilitate development within the town and make Gingin
more accessible to metro Perth
 NBN roll-out will benefit the community
 Opportunity to construct an airport to cater for the FIFO workforce
 There is plenty of cheap land available (some fully serviced)






Further development of sport and recreational facilities
More social opportunities for Youth
Improving indigenous relations and social interaction
Some aged care available with good community support
Large number of under utilised buildings
Better Mental Health Services and places to stay instead of being
shifted off to Perth.
Page | 58
Business &
Industry
 Lack of affordable housing and in particular aged care option
for retirees
 Not enough Government Agency support in the region
 Retaining 18 - 25year olds
 The need to develop District High Schools to ensure an
excellent education to Year 10
 The need to provide excellent health care for the aged to
allow "aging in place strategies" to work
 Tertiary education is lacking and needs serious consideration
and development
 Dementia care is a strong requirement
 Mental Health is a major issue
 More land released for light industries
 Poor telecommunications
 Freight and infrastructure costs
 Reliance on agriculture
 Training opportunities and support for small businesses
 Availability of skilled labour
 Affordable Utilities - cost of power, water etc. are far too
high
 Clarity around Tourism WA and its local and regional
involvement - what is the correct terminology and brand to
be used?
 Business is not supported by Local People
 Lack of Business Opportunities
 Lack of Industry in Region
 Not enough Regional Industrial Land and infrastructure
 Business catchment is small
 Declining population
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
 Better Centrelink premises and staffing levels
 Better and more affordable rentals for lower income and single
families,
 Aged accommodation and specialists for older people
 Only minor increases in industry have occurred over the last 10 years
so any growth is good growth.
 An increase in employment and subsequent increase in residential
housing developments will assist the Town to become a more vibrant
and economic community
 Agricultural Manufacturing , transportable manufacturing, food hub
development, power production, education provision, health
provision, etc. are all economic opportunities
 Highway access for freight
 Processing of agricultural products locally to increase employment and
value add for farmers.
 Attracting business from Perth with improved lifestyle opportunities
for owners and employees
 Wheatbelt can offer cheap land, good location for access to ports
 Construction of business cells in the smaller towns around the
Regional centres
 Home based businesses
Page | 59
Category
Sustainable
Communities
Challenges
 Environmental impacts on agriculture
 Sharply declining population
 Water infrastructure is ageing and power infrastructure is
very expensive to upgrade
 Farms are being affected by several environmental
problems, lack of rain, salinity, acidity and climate change.
 Population base increases during peak holiday periods which
creates a servicing issue for the Shire
 Need to have good shopping facilities which will keep people
in town and make shops more viable
 Power is a big issue. Not enough incentives for small towns
to investigate renewable energy - especially solar.
 Youth boredom and small opportunities
 Communication (mobile phone reception) is poor
 Existing water supply capacity (size of header tank) will
restrict expansion
 There is some doubt as to the adequacy of the electricity
supply - sadly the information is not available from Western
Power
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
Opportunities
 Ensuring retention of vital services
 Wind and sun a readily available for renewable energy
 Water capture and re-use could be improved
 Population growth will support expansion of existing services
 Development growth will enable the Shire to conduct community
facility planning and look at alternative funding methods such as
developer contribution plans
 Increased government support
 Growth of rural towns will take pressure off Perth and the coastal
strip. In most cases expansion of small towns would be a cheaper
option
Page | 60
9.1.3.2
INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS
Local Government
Shire of Goomalling
Project Title
Roads
Project Description
Estimated Cost
Additional $250,000 p.a. on maintaining viable road $250,000,00
infrastructure. Over ten (10) years
Release of Light Industrial Currently Reserve converted to freehold land. $500,000,0
Land
$5million for 15 lots including power, water,
telephone and sewerage services.
Retention of Doctors Retention of doctor/medical services ($100,000.00 $260,000,0
Services
per annum) plus expansion of Goomalling airstrip to
accommodate RFDS. (2 years)
Business incubators
Shire of Mt Marshall
Shire of Dumbleyung
Construction of industrial sheds to provide facilities Unknown
for new businesses to move into the area.
Universal Housing
Construction of three houses built to a standard to $750,000
allow for aged care/community housing/shire
housing.
Bowling
Green’s
- Installation of synthetic bowling green’s in Bencubbin $900,000
Bencubbin and Beacon
and Beacon
Blue
Bird Provide a replica of Blue-bird and associated Not Known
Memorial/Interpretive
memorabilia
Centre
Aged Accommodation
Next Stage of Aged Accommodation units
$900,000
Synthetic Bowling Greens Install Synthetic Bowling Greens
$200,000
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
Possible Funding Sources
Negotiating with State &
Federal governments Run-Off
Funding Black Spot Funding
Landcorp (State Government)
Federal Government, Rural &
Remote Medical Funding
Program. Regional Aviation
Authority
Unknown
Regional CLGF - $695,000
Shire - $55,000
CSRFF - $135,000 CLGF $674,000 Shire - $91,000
Not Known
CLGF
CLGFF (one third) Council (one
third) Community (one third)
Page | 61
Local Government
Project Title
DADA Wangaree Centre
Guilderton
and Jetty
Project Description
DADA Centre in Lancelin, funded by CLGF.
Boardwalk This is a 2 staged project aimed at building a new
boardwalk along with a jetty and pontoon.
Shire of Gingin
Revitalization Swimming Pool
Gingin Preventative maintenance and improvements for
Gingin Swimming Pool. This will include new tiles,
solar heating and general improvements to this
infrastructure.
Mobile Phone Towers
More Mobile Phone Towers
Shire of Wickepin
Tier 3 Rail
Upgrade Main Roads
Solar Power
Shire of Mukinbudin
Shire of Tammin
Shire of Pingelly
Industrial
Development
Memorial Hall
Estimated Cost
$1.3 million
Possible Funding Sources
CLGF, HACC, Bendigo Bank and
Shire of Gingin.
Stage 1 $320,000 Stage 1. Shire of Gingin 90k
and
stage
2 Lotterywest 90k
NRM,
$650,000
Coastcare 50k each Bendigo
40k Stage 2 is 650k funded by
R4R CLGF
$600,000
Not scoped at this stage probably a combination of
Shire, Bendigo, Lotterywest
and DSR.
$1.25million
Telstra Federal Government
CLGF
$30million
State Government
Unknown
Unknown
Upgrade and maintain tier 3 rail network
All the Main Roads in the Regions are going
backwards
To power all local government installations in town or $750,000
offset power costs through sale of power to the grid.
Unit Construction of 4 industrial units
$600,000
Redevelopment of the hall toilets and kitchen.
Unknown
RDA and municipal funding
Unknown - possibly R4R and
municipal funds
Caravan and Camping A staged development over five years resulting in a Stage
1
= CLGF and Shire of Tammin
ground
number of chalets and camping bays for overnight $927,000.
budget
accommodation.
Remaining stages
to be calculated.
Say a total of
$2.5m
Depot
New Depot for the Shire and possible amalgamated $650,000
CLGF and Shire of Tammin
Region.
Staff housing (1 house)
A single house for staff
$313,000
CLGF and Shire contribution
Recreation Facilities
Replace netball/basketball hard courts
$230,000
DSR, local government
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
$300,000
Page | 62
Local Government
Shire of Pingelly
Town of Narrogin
Project Title
Refurbish
Community
Centre
Toilet & Change rooms
Estimated Cost
$13.5million
Possible Funding Sources
DSR, local government
$840,000
DSR, local government
Industrial
Development
Promotion
$150million
Council owns the Land and
would be willing to do a joint
venture with Land Corp to
develop and work with the
WDC or other agencies to
heavily promote Narrogin as
the next place to invest.
Unknown
Oil Mallee Plant
Residential
Development
Project Description
Refurbish Community Centre including extensions,
spectator seating
Replace toilets and change rooms at recreation
ground
Land The small Industrial Land Development and the
and greater parcel of land purchased need to be
developed for industry and this then should be
promoted to the WA Business arena and greater. This
will stimulate housing development, increase
pressures on Schools to develop and increase health
provision
Potentially find a partnering or community
organisation to take control of the Plant and produce
power for the Narrogin Area and utilise the Oil Mallee
that has already been planted in the surrounding
area.
Land Potentially drive development in Narrogin through
either developing a parcel of land with Landcorp or
providing infrastructure to an area to stimulate
development.
Wheatbelt Regional Plan 2013-18
Unknown
$150million
Council Land, Royalties for
Regions, Land Corp
Page | 63
ACRONYMS
AAGR
Average Annual Growth Rate
ABARES Australian Bureau of Agricultural and
Resource Economics and Sciences
ABS
Australian Bureau of Statistics
APC
Australian Productivity Commission
CANWA Community Arts Network Western Australia
CBH
Co-Operative Bulk Handling
CEACA Central East Aged Care Alliance
CLGF
Country Local Government Fund
CSIRO Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial
Research Organisation
CSRFF Community Sporting and Recreation
Facilities Fund
DAFF
Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and
Forestry
DAFWA Department of Agriculture & Food WA
DBCDE Department of Broadband, Communications
& the Digital Economy
DEEWR Department of Education, Employment and
Workplace Relations
DOHA Department of Health & Ageing
DRALGAS Department of Regional Australia, Local
Government, Arts and Sport
DRD
Department of Regional Development
DSR
Department of Sport & Recreation
FaHCSIA Department of Families, Housing,
Community Services & Indigenous Affairs
FIFO
Fly-in, fly-out
GAWASS Goldfields Agriculture Water Supply Scheme
GRP
Gross Regional Product
GSTWS Great Southern Towns Water Supply
GVAP
Gross Value of Agricultural Production
Ha
Hectare
ISS
Interim Satellite System
IWSS
Integrated Water Supply System
LGA
Local Government Area
Mbps
Megabits per second
MPS
Multi-purpose Services
Mtpa
Million tonnes per annum
NACC
Northern Ag Catchment Council
NBN
National Broadband Network
OECD
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
Development OSOM Over-size, over-mass
RADS
RAV
RCSP
RESJ
RET
RfR
RMCP
SBDC
SGNC
SIHI
SALM
SSS
SWIS
SWWML
UNCCD
Regional Airport Development Scheme
Restricted Access Vehicle
Regional Children’s Services Plan
Regional Education, Skills and Jobs
Renewable Energy Target
Royalties for Regions
Regional Mobile Communications Project
Small Business Development Corporation
Strategic Grain Network Committee
Southern Inland Health Initiative
Small Area Labour Market
Satellite Subsidy Scheme
South West Interconnected System
South West WA Medicare Local
United Nations Convention to Combat
Desertification
UNESA United Nations Department of Economic and
Social Affairs
VAST
Viewer Access Satellite Television
WACHS Western Australian Country Health Service
WAPC Western Australian Planning Commission
WBN
Wheatbelt Business Network
WDC
Wheatbelt Development Commission
WSAA Water Services Association of Australia
RDA Wheatbelt Strategic Regional Plan 2013-2018
Page | 64