BMW Technology Office USA, APRIL 2013
A FUTURE VISION FOR SUSTAINABLE
ELECTRIC MOBILITY
GREEN ONRAMP EVENT
MISSION AND VISION STATEMENTS.
We scout for, evaluate and develop cutting edge technologies with US partners for the BMW Group.
• Continuously explore technology
• Transfer technology to our internal partners
• Identify upcoming trends and opportunities
• Contribute the BMW Group’s Product Strategy
• Build prototypes for proof of feasibility
• Represent BMW Group Research and Technology in the US
• Develop promising innovations into products
We contribute innovative solutions to support BMW Group’s technology leadership now and in the future.
BMW Technology Office USA 2013
BMW GROUP TECHNOLOGY OFFICE USA.
Core topics
Trends scouting & technology partnerships
Design for user experience
Sustainable mobility
Connected platform solutions
Driver assistance systems
BMW Technology Office USA 2013
ACCELERATING EV MARKET GROWTH.
THREE HYPOTHESES.
Connected car and mobile phone applications.
Charging infrastructure.
Renewable energy and the smart grid.
BMW Technology Office USA 2013
BMW ELECTRIC VEHICLE FIELD TRIALS.
EV DRIVERS FORM NEW VALUES.
The Intersection of Clean and Fun.
Strong value intersection for buyers
MINI E is quiet, smooth, easy to drive, fast
Electric vehicle has special place in public values
Expanding Mastery of Energy Use.
Knowledge of electricity, sources
Understanding of costs, efficiency
Regenerative braking
Driving style and feeling for energy use
Developing Their Electric Vehicle Territory.
Clean driving zone
Charging opportunities
BEV community
Geography of BEVs (distances, uphills, downhills, routes)
BMW Technology Office USA 2013
MINI E CONSUMER LIFESTYLE.
ADAPTATION, INNOVATION AND EXPANSION.
Initial household fleet scenario: two cars that have regular trip assignments.
1. ADAPTATION
2. INNOVATION
3. EXPANSION
1. First conventionally-fueled car is replaced by the MINI E. Some trips cannot be done
(cargo space or range).
2. Drivers replace other vehicle (conventionally-fueled) trips with MINI E as a result of fuel
cost, performance, and social benefits of electric-drive. They create new trips.
3. Trip composition expands as drivers get more comfortable with range – EV activity space
is expanded.
BMW Technology Office USA 2013
THE MINI E FIELD TRIAL: RANGE ANXIETY AND
CHARGING BEHAVIOR.
35%
32%
30%
25%
25%
22%
20%
Over the lease period,
about how many times
were you ever
uncertain about
making it to your
intended destination
while driving? (n = 102)
45%
On average, about how
often did you plug in
the MINI E?
42%
40%
35%
30%
25%
21%
20%
15%
12%
15%
15%
10%
11%
10%
6%
10%
4%
5%
5%
2%
0%
0%
0-2
2-4
4-6
6-8
8-10
10+
Eighty-three percent changed their driving behavior when
confronted with range anxiety.
BMW Technology Office USA 2013
Whenever I Each time I Once a day
have access park the
to a
car at
charger or
home
110V plug
Every 2
days
Every 3
days
Less often
than every
3 days
Battery state-of-charge is forty to sixty percent when
MINI E is plugged in.
THE MINI E FIELD TRIAL: CUSTOMER MOBILITY NEEDS.
50%
Distance to primary
work location from
home (mls).
45.5%
45%
40%
35%
90%
80%
70%
30.3%
How far are you able to
reliably drive the MINI
E on a single charge
(miles)?
60%
30%
50%
25%
40%
20%
14.1%
15%
30%
20%
10%
4.0%
5%
2.0%
3.0%
1.0%
0%
0 to 10 10 to
20
20 to
30 to
40 to
50 to
30
40
50
60
more
Three quarters of MINI E customers live within twenty
miles of their work location.
BMW Technology Office USA 2013
10%
0%
0 to 20
20 to 40
40 to 80
80 to 100
over 100
Nearly all MINI E customers could reliably drive
between eighty and one hundred miles on a charge, and
some could drive more than one hundred miles.
THE MINI E FIELD TRIAL: INCREASING AWARENESS
ABOUT CONSUMPTION.
Two-thirds said that driving the MINI E changed the
34%
way they think about energy use, in and out of the car.
Yes
No
 “I think that got me thinking that I could also do more and use
less at home by making some simple changes.”
 “I have also become more environmentally conscious. I pay more
attention to my acceleration and deceleration, I pay more
attention to using resources in the car such as AC.”
 “I've become a more energy-conserving driving even in my gas
cars.”
 “Driving the car has definitely changed how I look at my energy
usage. …I learned I could go further with the same amount of
energy if I simply changed my driving style a little.”
BMW Technology Office USA 2013
66%
CONNECTED CAR AND MOBILE PHONE APPS.
73% of BMW EV customers use
an i-phone app to connect to their
vehicle.
88% use smart phone apps to
locate public charging stations.
100%
82%
80%
60%
51%
43%
40%
30%
20%
7%
0%
BMW Technology Office USA 2013
3% 3% 3% 3% 2% 1%
1%
ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGER AVAILABILITY.
BROUGHT TO YOU IN REAL-TIME.
BMW Technology Office USA 2013
CONNECTED DRIVE AND MOBILITY SERVICES.
DriveNow
MyCityWay
ParkatmyHouse
Premium point-to-point car
sharing.
Local real time information
on cities
Marketplace for parking.
BMW Technology Office USA 2013
THE IMPORTANCE OF CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE.
BMW Technology Office USA 2013
ACTIVE E CHARGING BEHAVIOR.
DONE ON A DAILY BASIS.
Average charging events per week*:
8 times/week
Charging events per week in detail:
100%
80%
60%
43%
40%
20%
0%
0%
maximum 1 time
*
10%
11%
2 - 3 times
4 - 5 times
“How often do you charge your ActiveE in an average week?”;;Mean;; N = 113
BMW Technology Office USA 2013
6 - 7 times
36%
more than 7 times
CHARGING LOCATIONS.
ACTIVE E MOSTLY CHARGED AT HOME OR WORK.
Location and mode of charging*
Level 1 or
“trickle” Level 2 public
charging at charging., 6%
work., 3%
Elsewhere, 1%
Level 2
charging at
work., 10%
Level 1 or
“trickle”
charging at
home., 4%
*
Level 2
charging station
at home, 76%
“Where did you charge your ActiveE during the last month? Please indicate the percentage of charging events which occurred at each location.
This should add up to 100%.”
BMW Technology Office USA 2013
UTILITY FACTOR INCREASES WITH CHARGING.
100.0%
Consumers’ EV driving experience
(average % EV miles)
80.0%
60.0%
40.0%
20.0%
0.0%
As used
BMW Technology Office USA 2013
Workplace
Public
One FC per day
Two FC per day
WORKPLACE CHARGING ACCELERATES ADOPTION.
BMW Technology Office USA :
Commissioned in October 2012
645 charges
4,698 kWh total
25kWh average daily charging
800kWh in last 30 days
Heavy evening and weekend use
BMW Technology Office USA 2013
RENEWABLE ENERGY AND EVS.
BMW Technology Office USA 2013
THIS IS WHAT WE BELIEVE.
 Markets for green energy and electric vehicles can accelerate each
other.
 More than 30% of BMW EV customers invested in residential
solar.
 Adding Green-E options increased overall demand for EV designs
among conventional buyers by 23% in a UCDavis survey.
 A portfolio approach to green energy allows us to meet EV customer
needs.
 Solar, wind and other sources of energy are valued differently by
customers.
 Intelligent charging of EVs can enable more green energy.
GREEN E, LT-Z-Z, OCT 2012
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
Page 19
GLOBAL MINI E LEARNINGS ABOUT ENERGY SOURCE.
Germany:
• 96 % of private users regard renewable
energy for charging electric vehicles as
important.
• 72 % of users agree that EVs should be
charged exclusively with renewables.
Great Britain:
• 89 % of private users regard renewable
energy for charging electric vehicles as
important.
• 22 % of users agree that EVs should be
charged exclusively with renewables.
GREEN E, LT-Z-Z, OCT 2012
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
Page 20
US MINI E USERS PREFER SOLAR AND WIND ENERGY.
The electricity for charging the MINI E should come from...(n=41)
100%
100%
98%
90%
75%
63%
50%
37%
25%
0%
0%
Solar
GREEN E, LT-Z-Z, OCT 2012
2%
Wind
71%
61%
Agree
39%
29%
Disagree
10%
Hydro
Nuclear
Natural
Gas
Coal
Page 21
MANAGED CHARGING LINKS GREEN E AND MINI E.
Reduction in CO2/km of 3-6%
compared to uncontrolled charging.
Source:
GREEN E, LT-Z-Z, OCT 2012
Page 22
BMW TECHNOLOGY OFFICE SOLAR TREE.
• A way to visualize
electricity generation of
the Solar Tree.
• Data collected on a
second basis.
• 30-day history
compares the Solar
Tree generation to
Active E electricity use.
GREEN E, LT-Z-Z, OCT 2012
Page 23
A NOVEL STUDY DESIGN, IN THREE PARTS.
 This is a project exploring the consumer demand for plug-in electric
vehicles (PEVs) and “Green” electricity.
 Part 1: Literature review (completed in October 2011).
 Part 2: Focus groups with MINI E drivers, MINI drivers, and green
electricity program participants in LA, New York and New Jersey
(completed in October 2011).
 Part 3: U.S. nationwide survey of new car buyers, including
subsets of hybrid buyers and recent BMW electric vehicle leasers
(completed in July 2012).
GREEN E, LT-Z-Z, OCT 2012
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
Page 24
THIS IS WHAT WE HEARD.
“I could buy a package of green power and that gives
me the feeling that a healthy portion of my driving is
done in a non-emitting way.”
“I’d spend at least a hundred bucks on a solar power
package if you guys worked out a big deal with a solar
array in Nevada, in the desert somewhere.”
“[EV] customers are already thinking about green
energy. It would be a shame to not use that synergy in
a way that could be beneficial to all parties; beneficial
to the customer, beneficial to BMW, beneficial to the
utilities selling the renewable energy.”
BMW Technology Office USA 2013
THIS IS WHAT WE DESIGNED.
Renewable Energy Certificates:



BMW provides a renewable energy option for the
ActiveE, allows customers to “top up” at end of
year based on actual usage.
Cost (Customer): $48 for 2 years
Choice about the source of energy for charging
Home Solar System:



Pathways to 100% Renewable Energy, San Francisco
BMW partners with Solar developer to offer a
premium PV system to ActiveE customers.
Lease and purchase options
Turn-key solution for zero-carbon home-charging.
Page 26
EVS AND THE SMART GRID.
BMW Technology Office USA 2013
BMW GROUP EV ENERGY SERVICES GOALS.
 Supply electric vehicles with renewable, CO2-free energy
 Protect the customer from undesired actions of third parties while
charging
 Maintain complete control of communication to the vehicle and
access to PEV batteries
 Explore sustainable business models with technical solutions that can
be deployed worldwide
V2G, BMW TECHNOLOGY OFFICE USA, 2012
Page 28
BMW GROUP RESEARCH SUITE.
 Intelligent charging demonstrations
 Demonstrate TOU and demand response
 Vattenfall wind-to-vehicle project
 Forecasting for electric vehicle availability
 Feed real-world data into mathematical model
 Energy services market simulations
 V2G field trial with MINI E
 Fall 2012 CA ISO market simulation
V2G, BMW TECHNOLOGY OFFICE USA, 2012
Page 29
EV ENERGY SERVICES REQUIRE A UNIQUE
COMMUNICATION SOLUTION.
Customer uses/defines
- Departure time
- Delayed time
- Desired range
- Cab Pre-conditioning
- Alerts/Pricing Signals
- Alerts/Charge
interruption
Utility Info
- DR Pricing/TOU Schedule
Aggregator Msgs
Utility signals
Charge Data
Utility Command Signal
Charge Data
Aggregator
AMI
Authentication/Authorization
Meter
Status/Controls
PLC /
Zigbee
Bridge
Home
Area
Network
COMBOX
GSM
Command Signals
-On/Off
- Cycle Down/Up
- SOC/Temperature
-- Desired Range
Utility Info
- DR Pricing/TOU Schedule
Status/Controls
SAE J1772 Pilot
charging control module
PLC Association to EVSE/ Meter
V2G, BMW TECHNOLOGY OFFICE USA, 2012
Page 30
FINAL THOUGHTS.
 EVs will succeed because they’re disruptive.
 Home refueling.
 Emissions decoupled from on-board fuel consumption.
 Lower maintenance costs.
 EV owners are more connected.
 Mastery of energy is critical (logging and quantification)
 Usage of smart phone apps is high.
 EVs can be home and grid assets.
BMW Technology Office USA 2013
THANK YOU.