Course Overview/Design Project
• Course Overview
– Goals
– Web-based Content
– Syllabus
– Policies
• 2007/8 Design Project
UNIVERSITY OF
MARYLAND
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Principles of Space Systems Design
© 2007 David L. Akin - All rights reserved
http://spacecraft.ssl.umd.edu
Contact Information
Dr. Dave Akin
Space Systems Laboratory
Neutral Buoyancy Research Facility/Room 2100D
301-405-1138
dakin@ssl.umd.edu
http://spacecraft.ssl.umd.edu
UNIVERSITY OF
MARYLAND
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Principles of Space Systems Design
Goals of ENAE 483/484 (and 788D)
• Learn the basic tools and techniques of systems
analysis and space vehicle design
• Understand the open-ended and iterative nature
of the design process
• Simulate the cooperative group engineering
environment of the aerospace profession
• Develop experience and skill sets for working in
teams
• Perform and document professional-quality
systems design of focused space mission concepts
UNIVERSITY OF
MARYLAND
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Principles of Space Systems Design
Outline of Space Systems
• ENAE 483 (Fall)
– Lecture style, problem sets and quizzes
– Design as a discipline
– Disciplinary subjects not contained in curriculum
– Engineering graphics
– Engineering ethics
• ENAE 484 (Spring)
– Single group design project
– Externally imposed matrix organization
– Engineering presentations
– Group dynamics
– Peer evaluations
UNIVERSITY OF
MARYLAND
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Principles of Space Systems Design
But... (Changes for 2007/8)
• Emphasize project content
– Start 484 project at beginning of 483
– Build teams for spring term in the fall
– Add specific lectures for project specialties
– Provide opportunities for both experimentalists and
theoreticians
• “Design/Build/Test/Evaluate”
– Space equivalent to “design/build/fly” for aero side
– Parallels mission-level design activities
– Major system relevant to NASA Exploration planning
UNIVERSITY OF
MARYLAND
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Principles of Space Systems Design
Web-based Course Content
• Data web site at http://spacecraft.ssl.umd.edu
– Syllabus and course information
– Lecture notes
– Problems and solutions
• Interactive web site at https://bb.eng.umd.edu/
– Communications for team projects
– Lecture videos
• Experimental wiki-based site at
http://ssl-3.umd.edu:8888/
UNIVERSITY OF
MARYLAND
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Principles of Space Systems Design
Syllabus Overview
• Fundamentals of Spacecraft Design
- Principles and tools of Systems Engineering
- Vehicle-level design
- Systems-level estimation
• Component Detailed Design
- Crew systems
- Avionics
- Power, Propulsion, and Thermal Analysis
- Loads, Structures, and Mechanisms
• Team Projects
UNIVERSITY OF
MARYLAND
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Principles of Space Systems Design
Overview of the Design Process
Program Objectives
System Requirements
Vehicle-level Estimation
(based on a few parameters
from prior art)
Increasing complexity
Increasing accuracy
System-level Estimation
(system parameters based
on prior experience)
Decreasing ability
to comprehend the “big
picture”
UNIVERSITY OF
MARYLAND
Basic Axiom: Relative
rankings between
competing systems will
remain consistent from
level to level
System-level Design
(based on disciplineoriented analysis)
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Principles of Space Systems Design
Akin’s Laws of Spacecraft Design - #3
Design is an iterative process. The
necessary number of iterations is one
more than the number you have
currently done. This is true at any point
in time.
UNIVERSITY OF
MARYLAND
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Principles of Space Systems Design
Syllabus 1: Fundamentals of Space Systems
Systems Engineering
Space Environment
Orbital Mechanics
Engineering Graphics
Engineering in Teams
Engineering Ethics
Engineering Economics
Design Case Studies
UNIVERSITY OF
MARYLAND
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Principles of Space Systems Design
Syllabus 2: Vehicle/System-Level Design
Rocket Performance
Parametric Analysis
Cost Estimation
Reliability and Redundancy
Confidence, Risk, and Resiliency
Mass Estimating Relations
Resource Budgeting
UNIVERSITY OF
MARYLAND
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Principles of Space Systems Design
Syllabus 3: Component-Level Design
• Loads, Structures, and Mechanisms
Loads Estimation
Structural Analysis
Structures and Mechanisms Design
• Propulsion, Power, and Thermal
Propulsion System Design
Power System Design
Thermal Design and Analysis
• Avionics Systems
Attitude Dynamics/Proximity Operations
Data Management; GN&C
Communications
UNIVERSITY OF
MARYLAND
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Principles of Space Systems Design
Syllabus 4: Component-Level Design (cont.)
• Crew Systems
Space Physiology
Human Factors and Habitability
Life Support Systems Design
• Other Topics
Rover Technologies to support project
UNIVERSITY OF
MARYLAND
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Principles of Space Systems Design
Course Syllabus
• Maintained on web site (follow links at
http://spacecraft.ssl.umd.edu)
• Contains links to reference material, problem
sets, solution sets, team project details, etc.
UNIVERSITY OF
MARYLAND
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Principles of Space Systems Design
Project for ENAE 483 and 484
Lightweight Midrange Pressurized Rover
– Adjunct to Constellation program for extended
exploration
– Support a crew of two for nominal three-day missions
within a 50 km radius of lander
– Goal is to develop a pressurized rover at a mass
rivaling that of an unpressurized rover
– DBTE goal of class is to build a working pressurized
rover for field trials on Earth
– Target is to participate in NASA Desert RATS field
trials in Arizona (Sept. 2008)
UNIVERSITY OF
MARYLAND
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Principles of Space Systems Design
Apollo Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV)
UNIVERSITY OF
MARYLAND
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Principles of Space Systems Design
Vision for Lunar Exploration
UNIVERSITY OF
MARYLAND
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Principles of Space Systems Design
Constellation Program Lunar Lander
UNIVERSITY OF
MARYLAND
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Principles of Space Systems Design
Desert RATS* Exploration Field Testing
*Research And Technology Studies
UNIVERSITY OF
MARYLAND
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Principles of Space Systems Design
Electric Tractor (ET) Pulling Science Trailer
UNIVERSITY OF
MARYLAND
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Principles of Space Systems Design
ET with Backhoe Excavator
UNIVERSITY OF
MARYLAND
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Principles of Space Systems Design
SCOUT Unpressurized Rover
UNIVERSITY OF
MARYLAND
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Principles of Space Systems Design
EVA Subject Entering “Pressurized Habitat”
UNIVERSITY OF
MARYLAND
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Principles of Space Systems Design
Habitat on ATHLETE Rover
UNIVERSITY OF
MARYLAND
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Principles of Space Systems Design
Desert RATS 2006 Systems Tested
UNIVERSITY OF
MARYLAND
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Principles of Space Systems Design
Mike Gernhardt’s Suitlock Rover Concept
UNIVERSITY OF
MARYLAND
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Principles of Space Systems Design
Project Concept of Operations (CONOPS)
• A lunar landing site is selected for a sortie mission
• An EELV is used to launch the small pressurized
rover to the landing site
• The rover self-deploys and is checked out
• The human mission is launched, and lands within 10
km of the rover
• The rover drives to the human landing site
• Rover supports two three-day missions (100 km
total range each) with two crew
UNIVERSITY OF
MARYLAND
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Principles of Space Systems Design
Akin’s Laws of Spacecraft Design - #9
Not having all the information you need
is never a satisfactory excuse for not
starting the analysis.
UNIVERSITY OF
MARYLAND
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Principles of Space Systems Design
Mission Scenario 1
• What can be accomplished with a single Delta
IV Heavy payload (23K kg)?
• Assume δ=0.15, Ve=3200 m/sec
• Direct landing
– LEO-lunar transfer orbit ΔV=3.107 km/sec
– Lunar transfer orbit-lunar landing ΔV=3.140 km/
sec
UNIVERSITY OF
MARYLAND
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Principles of Space Systems Design
Scenario 1 Analysis
• Trans-lunar injection
rT LI = e
−
∆VT LI
Ve
− 3107
3200
=e
= 0.3787
mT LI = m0 (rT LI − δ) = 23, 000(0.3787 − 0.15) = 5260 kg
• Lunar landing
– r=0.3748
– mLS=1182 kg
UNIVERSITY OF
MARYLAND
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Principles of Space Systems Design
Akin’s Laws of Spacecraft Design - #35
(de Saint-Exupery's Law of
Design) A designer knows that he
has achieved perfection not when
there is nothing left to add, but
when there is nothing left to take
away.
UNIVERSITY OF
MARYLAND
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Principles of Space Systems Design
Look for Innovative Technologies!
UNIVERSITY OF
MARYLAND
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Principles of Space Systems Design
Sometimes It’s Okay to “Cheat”...
UNIVERSITY OF
MARYLAND
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Principles of Space Systems Design
483 Design Project Implementation
• Start with ~5 person teams working
independently
• Each team presents their design and analysis of
a rover concept at mid-term
• Class is then redivided into classic 484 matrix
structure
• Design proceeds on both flight and ground
versions
• Final design review demonstrates sufficient
maturity to commit funds for procurement of
components
UNIVERSITY OF
MARYLAND
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Principles of Space Systems Design
484 Design Project Implementation
• Single (34 person) design team with matrix
organization from fall term
• Design/build/assemble/test ground vehicle
during spring term
• In parallel, continue to refine and extend design
for lunar vehicle, including mission and delivery
systems
• Preliminary Design Review in early March
• Critical Design Review in late April
• Compete in RASC-AL design competition at
NASA JSC in late May
UNIVERSITY OF
MARYLAND
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Principles of Space Systems Design
ENAE 788D Design Project
• Graduate team will perform same preliminary
design exercise as undergrads in first half of
term
• Same team will perform detailed systems design
of a lunar delivery system for their rover design
as second-half project
• Will work out project accommodations with
grads taking class via ITV
UNIVERSITY OF
MARYLAND
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Principles of Space Systems Design
Assigned Groups for Initial Design Project
Team 1
Chandhok, Kanwarpal Singh
Levashov, Michael
Mayerovitch, Jessica
Murphy, Ryan Joseph
Oberoi, Hasan Habib
Team 2
Hasnain, Zohaib
Laing, Jason Thomas
Levin, Ryan Michael
Onukwubiri, Ugonma
Petillo, Stephanie
Team 3
Colver, Joshua Philip
Lisee, Joseph Howard
McLaren, David Alan
Mirvis, Adam Daniel
Russell, Tiffany Elise
Team 4
Berg, David Marshall
Briscoe, James Seabury
Kirk, Madeline Nina
Manning, Omar Moreno
Zwillinger, Jacob Moshe
Team 5
Cox, Aaron Wallis
Douglas, Stuart
Ellsberry, Andrew John
Gers, David Michael
Shishineh, Ali-Reza Joseph
Team 6
Coello, Enrique Ruben
Lam, May Yen
Leggett, Jason
Mariano, Thomas Anthony
Nacev, Aleksandar Nelson
UNIVERSITY OF
MARYLAND
Team 7
Fields, Sara Jean
Husain, Ali Abbas
Schaffer, Matthew Edward
Trujillo, Lady Diana
Team 8(G)
Di Capua, Massimiliano
Johnson, Joshua E
McBryan, Katherine Marie
Medina, Omar
Sankaran, Bharath
NIA(G)
Gasbarre, Joseph Fredrick
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Principles of Space Systems Design
Course Syllabus
Sep 4, 2007 SYS/Systems
Engineering
Sep 11, 2007 SYS/Rocket
Performance
Sep 18, 2007 SYS/Orbital Mechanics
Sep 25, 2007 SYS/Engineering
Graphics
Oct 2, 2007 SYS/Reliability
Oct 9, 2007 SYS/Parametric Design
Oct 16, 2007 SYS/Mass Estimation
Oct 23, 2007 SYS/Costing
Oct 30, 2007 LSM/Loads
Nov 6, 2007 LSM/Mechanisms
Nov 13, 2007 CS/Life Support
Nov 20, 2007 PPT/Propulsion
Nov 27, 2007 PPT/Thermal
Dec 4, 2007 AV/GN&C
Dec 11, 2007 788D Design Review
UNIVERSITY OF
MARYLAND
Aug 30, 2007 Introduction
Sep 6, 2007 ROV/Terramechanics
Sep 13, 2007 ROV/Motor and geartrain
design
Sep 20, 2007 ROV/Chassis design
Sep 27, 2007 Case Study
Oct 4, 2007
Oct 11, 2007
Oct 18, 2007
Oct 25, 2007
Nov 1, 2007
Nov 8, 2007
Nov 15, 2007
Nov 22, 2007
Nov 29, 2007
Dec 6, 2007
Concept Design Reviews
CS/Habitability
Midterm Exam
PPT/Power
LSM/Structures
AV/Avionics
CS/Physiology
Thanksgiving
AV/Comm
Procurement Release Review
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Principles of Space Systems Design
Grading Policies
• Grade Distribution
– 25% Homework Problems
– 15% Midterm Exam
– 15% Concept Design Review*
– 15% Procurement Release Review*
– 30% Final Exam
* Team Grades
• Late Policy
– On time:
Full credit
– Before solutions:
– After solutions:
70% credit
20% credit
UNIVERSITY OF
MARYLAND
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Principles of Space Systems Design
Closing Comments
• We have substantial (but not excessive!) funding
available for hardware project
• Manage scope and risk along with other design
parameters
– Be innovative (e.g., adapt chassis from existing
vehicle?)
– “Pressurized” can be as little as 0.5 psi (just enough
to demonstrate concept)
– Human systems require priority on safety!
• We need your buy-in or it won’t happen!
UNIVERSITY OF
MARYLAND
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Principles of Space Systems Design
Akin’s Laws of Spacecraft Design - #1
Engineering is done with numbers.
Analysis without numbers is only an
opinion.
UNIVERSITY OF
MARYLAND
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Principles of Space Systems Design
Assigned Groups for Initial Design Project
Team 1
Chandhok, Kanwarpal Singh
Levashov, Michael
Mayerovitch, Jessica
Murphy, Ryan Joseph
Oberoi, Hasan Habib
Team 2
Hasnain, Zohaib
Laing, Jason Thomas
Levin, Ryan Michael
Onukwubiri, Ugonma
Petillo, Stephanie
Team 3
Colver, Joshua Philip
Lisee, Joseph Howard
McLaren, David Alan
Mirvis, Adam Daniel
Russell, Tiffany Elise
Team 4
Berg, David Marshall
Briscoe, James Seabury
Kirk, Madeline Nina
Manning, Omar Moreno
Zwillinger, Jacob Moshe
Team 5
Cox, Aaron Wallis
Douglas, Stuart
Ellsberry, Andrew John
Gers, David Michael
Shishineh, Ali-Reza Joseph
Team 6
Coello, Enrique Ruben
Lam, May Yen
Leggett, Jason
Mariano, Thomas Anthony
Nacev, Aleksandar Nelson
UNIVERSITY OF
MARYLAND
Team 7
Fields, Sara Jean
Husain, Ali Abbas
Schaffer, Matthew Edward
Trujillo, Lady Diana
Team 8(G)
Di Capua, Massimiliano
Johnson, Joshua E
McBryan, Katherine Marie
Medina, Omar
Sankaran, Bharath
NIA(G)
Gasbarre, Joseph Fredrick
Introduction to Systems Engineering
Principles of Space Systems Design