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Test Bank to Accompany
Biology: Concepts and
Connections
Fifth Edition
by
Campbell
Benjamin Cummings
c.2006
2/21/2005
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Contents
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Chapter 15
Chapter 16
Chapter 17
Chapter 18
Chapter 19
Chapter 20
Chapter 21
Chapter 22
Chapter 23
Chapter 24
Chapter 25
Chapter 26
Chapter 27
Chapter 28
Chapter 29
Chapter 30
Chapter 31
Chapter 32
Chapter 33
Chapter 34
Chapter 35
Chapter 36
Chapter 37
Chapter 38
Introduction: The Scientific Study of Life....................................................1
The Chemical Basis of Life ........................................................................11
The Molecules of Cells...............................................................................28
A Tour of the Cell.......................................................................................45
The Working Cell .......................................................................................64
How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy .........................................................85
Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food..............................................104
The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance................................123
Patterns of Inheritance ..............................................................................138
Molecular Biology of the Gene ...............................................................154
The Control of Gene Expression ..............................................................172
DNA Technology and the Human Genome..............................................186
How Populations Evolve ..........................................................................199
The Origin of Species ...............................................................................216
Tracing Evolutionary History ...................................................................232
The Origin and Evolution of Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists ...244
Plants, Fungi, and the Colonization of Land ............................................265
The Evolution of Animal Diversity ..........................................................281
Human Evolution......................................................................................300
Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function .............................313
Nutrition and Digestion ............................................................................327
Respiration: The Exchange of Gases........................................................344
Circulation ................................................................................................357
The Immune System.................................................................................371
Control of the Internal Environment.........................................................386
Chemical Regulation ................................................................................398
Reproduction and Embryonic Development ............................................410
Nervous Systems ......................................................................................429
The Senses ................................................................................................447
How Animals Move..................................................................................461
Plant Structure, Reproduction, and Development ....................................476
Plant Nutrition and Transport ...................................................................493
Control Systems in Plants.........................................................................508
The Biosphere: An Introduction to Earth's Diverse Environments ..........522
Behavioral Adaptations to the Environment.............................................537
Population Dynamics................................................................................554
Communities and Ecosystems ..................................................................568
Conservation Biology ...............................................................................584
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Chapter 1 Introduction: The Scientific Study of Life
Multiple Choice Questions
1) Which one of the following statements about brown pelicans is false? Brown pelicans
A) are scavengers, feeding slowly by skimming up floating remains of fish.
B) can nest on the ground or in the trees.
C) feed primarily on fish.
D) were declared an endangered species in 1970.
E) were greatly affected by human use of pesticides.
Answer: A
Topic: Introduction
Skill: Factual Recall
2) Life is organized in a hierarchical fashion. Which one of the following sequences illustrates
that hierarchy as it increases in complexity?
A) ecosystem, population, organ system, cell, community, molecule, organ, organism, tissue
B) cell, molecule, organ system, organ, population, tissue, organism, ecosystem, community
C) organism, organ system, tissue, population, organ, community, cell, ecosystem, molecule
D) molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem
E) ecosystem, molecule, cell, tissue, organism, organ system, organ, community
Answer: D
Topic: 1.1
Skill: Factual Recall
3) The tree in your backyard is home to two cardinals, a colony of ants, a wasp's nest, two
squirrels, and millions of bacteria. Together, all of these organisms represent
A) a species.
B) a community.
C) a population.
D) an ecosystem.
E) the biosphere.
Answer: B
Topic: 1.1
Skill: Application
Biology: Concepts and Connections, 5/e
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4) If you eat a hamburger, you are mainly eating ground-up beef muscle. What levels of
organization are represented in this ground-up muscle?
A) organism, population, and community
B) organ, organ system, and organism
C) community, ecosystem, and biosphere
D) organelle, cell, and tissue
E) tissue, organ, and organ system
Answer: A
Topic: 1.1
Skill: Application
5) Which of the following statements about ecosystems is false?
A) The "web of relationships" within an ecosystem includes the nonliving components of the
environment.
B) Bacteria and fungi recycle energy within an ecosystem.
C) Plants and other photosynthetic organisms are producers in ecosystems.
D) Chemical nutrients cycle within an ecosystem's structural web.
E) In the process of energy conversions within an ecosystem, energy is eventually converted
to heat.
Answer: B
Topic: 1.2
Skill: Factual Recall
6) The ultimate source of energy flowing into nearly all ecosystems is
A) wind.
B) sunlight.
C) electricity.
D) geothermal vents.
E) radioactivity.
Answer: B
Topic: 1.2
Skill: Conceptual Understanding
7) A consumer eating a producer represents
A) a transfer of chemical nutrients and energy.
B) a transfer of chemical nutrients but not a transfer of energy.
C) a transfer of energy but not a transfer of chemical nutrients.
D) neither a transfer of chemical nutrients nor a transfer of energy.
Answer: A
Topic: 1.2
Skill: Conceptual Understanding
2 Chapter 1: Introduction: The Scientific Study of Life
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8) Which of the following, if any, is not a common cellular activity?
A) Cells respond to the environment.
B) Cells develop and maintain complex organization.
C) Cells take in and use energy.
D) Cells regulate their internal environment.
E) All of the choices are common cellular activities.
Answer: E
Topic: 1.3
Skill: Factual Recall
9) The formation of systems typically results in the appearance of novel characteristics called
A) emergent properties.
B) negentropic domains.
C) disengaged traits.
D) reoccurring phenomena.
E) None of the choices are correct.
Answer: A
Topic: 1.3
Skill: Conceptual Understanding
10) Your instructor asks you to look into your microscope to see a prokaryotic cell. You will be
looking for a cell that
A) has a nucleus.
B) has a membrane.
C) makes up most of the tissues of your body.
D) is much larger than most cells in your body.
E) does not use DNA to code genetic information.
Answer: B
Topic: 1.3
Skill: Application
11) Which of the following is/are properties of life?
A) a complex organization
B) the ability to take in energy and use it
C) the ability to respond to stimuli from the environment
D) the ability to reproduce
E) All of the choices are correct.
Answer: E
Topic: 1.4
Skill: Factual Recall
Biology: Concepts and Connections, 5/e
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12) Which one of the following statements is correct?
A) Genes are proteins that produce DNA.
B) Each organism has its own unique DNA code.
C) DNA relies upon five different building blocks as the alphabet of inheritance.
D) Differences among organisms reflect different nucleotide sequences in their DNA.
E) Each DNA molecule is a single strand of nucleotides.
Answer: D
Topic: 1.4
Skill: Factual Recall
13) Which one of the following is false? Living systems
A) are composed of two or more cells.
B) maintain a relatively consistent internal environment.
C) respond to changes in the environment.
D) encode their genetic information in DNA.
E) grow and develop.
Answer: A
Topic: 1.4
Skill: Conceptual Understanding
14) Members of the Kingdom Animalia
A) can obtain their food either by absorption or by photosynthesis.
B) are composed of cells that lack a cell wall.
C) are composed of cells that are surrounded by a cell wall.
D) are composed of cells that lack a cell membrane.
E) are composed of cells that are surrounded by a cell wall and that lack a cell membrane.
Answer: B
Topic: 1.5
Skill: Factual Recall
15) Organisms that are not prokaryotes are in the Domain
A) Bacteria.
B) Plantae.
C) Eukarya.
D) Archaea.
E) Fungi.
Answer: C
Topic: 1.5
Skill: Factual Recall
4 Chapter 1: Introduction: The Scientific Study of Life
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16) Which one of the following is a kingdom within the Domain Eukarya?
A) Viruses
B) Monera
C) Fungi
D) Archaea
E) Bacteria
Answer: C
Topic: 1.5
Skill: Factual Recall
17) Organisms belonging to the Kingdom Plantae
A) are photosynthetic.
B) contain cells that are surrounded by cell walls.
C) are all unicellular.
D) lack a nucleus.
E) are photosynthetic and contain cells that are surrounded by cell walls.
Answer: E
Topic: 1.5
Skill: Factual Recall
18) Members of the Kingdom Fungi
A) include the mushrooms.
B) include the yeasts.
C) decompose the remains of dead organisms and absorb nutrients from the leftovers.
D) include the mushrooms and yeasts, and decompose the remains of dead organisms and
absorb nutrients from the leftovers.
E) use photosynthesis to produce their own food.
Answer: D
Topic: 1.5
Skill: Factual Recall
19) Which one of the following statements is true of the Domain Bacteria?
A) All bacteria are "animal-like" in that they eat other organisms.
B) All bacteria have a membrane-bound nucleus.
C) All bacteria are multicellular organisms.
D) All bacteria lack a nucleus.
E) All bacteria are "animal-like" in that they eat other organisms and all bacteria have a
membrane-bound nucleus.
Answer: D
Topic: 1.5
Skill: Factual Recall
Biology: Concepts and Connections, 5/e
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20) A scientist examining a group of cells under the microscope notices the presence of nuclei
within these cells. Chemical tests reveal that each cell is surrounded by a wall composed of
cellulose. These cells must come from an organism that is a member of the Kingdom
A) Monera.
B) Protista.
C) Plantae.
D) Fungi.
E) Animalia.
Answer: C
Topic: 1.5
Skill: Application
21) Which one of the following observations would provide the strongest evidence that the many
different plants we call orchids are actually related to one another?
A) The flowers have the same shape of petals.
B) They all produce small seeds.
C) None of them can grow without the presence of a specific type of fungus.
D) They all have the same common ancestor.
E) They all attract insect pollinators.
Answer: D
Topic: 1.6
Skill: Conceptual Understanding
22) The teeth of grain-eating animals (such as horses) are usually broad and ridged. This makes
them suitable for grinding and chewing. Meat-eating animals (such as lions) have pointed
teeth that are good for puncturing and ripping flesh. This illustrates
A) a result of natural selection.
B) the connection between form and function.
C) a food web.
D) that natural selection is not necessary in animals.
E) a result of natural selection and the connection between form and function.
Answer: E
Topic: 1.6
Skill: Application
6 Chapter 1: Introduction: The Scientific Study of Life
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23) Which one of the following statements is not consistent with Darwin's mechanism of natural
selection?
A) Individuals in a population exhibit variations, some of which are heritable.
B) Individual organisms exhibit genetic change during their life spans to better fit their
environment.
C) Factors in the environment result in some organisms with better reproductive success
than others.
D) Natural selection is based in part on the overproduction of offspring.
E) Natural selection can lead to the appearance of new species.
Answer: B
Topic: 1.6
Skill: Conceptual Understanding
24) Evolution by natural selection relies upon
A) heritable variation.
B) overproduction of offspring.
C) a struggle for existence.
D) individual variation.
E) All of the choices are correct.
Answer: E
Topic: 1.6
Skill: Factual Recall
25) An antibiotic kills 99.9% of a bacterial population. You would expect the next generation of
bacteria
A) to be just as susceptible to that antibiotic as was the previous generation.
B) to be more resistant to that antibiotic.
C) to die out due to the drastic decrease in population size.
D) to be more contagious than the prior generation.
E) All of the choices are correct.
Answer: B
Topic: 1.6
Skill: Conceptual Understanding
26) Which of the following is/are true?
A) Individuals evolve.
B) Organisms evolve structures because of need.
C) Evolution is deliberate and purposeful.
D) Evolution is a passive process.
E) All of the choices are true.
Answer: D
Topic: 1.6
Skill: Conceptual Understanding
Biology: Concepts and Connections, 5/e
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27) Consider the following statement: "If all vertebrates have backbones, and turtles are
vertebrates, then turtles have backbones." This statement is an example of
A) a hypothesis.
B) discovery science logic.
C) rationalization.
D) deductive reasoning.
E) inductive reasoning.
Answer: D
Topic: 1.7
Skill: Conceptual Understanding
28) A hypothesis is
A) the same as a theory.
B) a tentative answer to some question.
C) an explanatory idea that is broad in scope and supported by a large body of evidence.
D) a widely accepted idea about a phenomenon.
E) a widely accepted theory that is broad in scope and supported by a large body of
evidence.
Answer: B
Topic: 1.7
Skill: Factual Recall
29) If a light switch is moved from the "off" to the "on" position, then the light will go on. This
statement
A) is the result of deductive reasoning.
B) is a conclusion.
C) can be tested.
D) can be falsified.
E) All of the choices are correct.
Answer: E
Topic: 1.7
Skill: Conceptual Understanding
8 Chapter 1: Introduction: The Scientific Study of Life
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30) You notice that over the past month, many students have started wearing a new style of school
sweatshirt. You think to yourself, maybe the bookstore recently started selling this new
sweatshirt style. This prediction is
A) an example of an experimental question.
B) a type of observation.
C) an example of a hypothesis.
D) an experiment.
E) a type of control.
Answer: C
Topic: 1.7
Skill: Conceptual Understanding
31) The role of a control in an experiment is to
A) provide a basis of comparison to the experimental group.
B) prove that a hypothesis is correct.
C) ensure repeatability.
D) prove that a hypothesis is correct and ensure repeatability.
E) None of the choices are correct.
Answer: A
Topic: 1.8
Skill: Conceptual Understanding
32) To be scientifically valid, a hypothesis must be
A) phrased as a question.
B) based on faith.
C) testable.
D) falsifiable.
E) testable and falsifiable.
Answer: E
Topic: 1.8
Skill: Conceptual Understanding
33) A scientist performs a controlled experiment. This means that
A) the experiment is repeated many times to ensure that the results are accurate.
B) the experiment proceeds at a slow pace to guarantee that the scientist can carefully
observe all reactions and process all experimental data.
C) two experiments are conducted, one differing from the other by only a single variable.
D) two experiments are conducted, one differing from the other by two or more variables.
E) one experiment is performed, but the scientist controls the variables.
Answer: C
Topic: 1.8
Skill: Conceptual Understanding
Biology: Concepts and Connections, 5/e
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34) Which of the following best represents an example of technology?
A) figuring out what mountain gorillas eat
B) sequencing the human genome
C) testing for genetic diseases
D) comparing the structure of a human and gorilla arm
E) identifying the cause of a new contagious disease
Answer: C
Topic: 1.9
Skill: Conceptual Understanding
Media Activity Questions
1) What is the difference between a tissue and an organ system?
A) The tissue level of organization is more inclusive than the organ system level.
B) Tissues are not composed of cells; organ systems are composed of cells.
C) A tissue cannot exist unless it is a component of an organ system, whereas an organ
system can exist independently of tissues.
D) An organ system includes tissues.
E) Tissues are not considered to be living; organ systems are considered to be living.
Answer: D
Topic: Web/CD Activity 1A
Skill: Factual Recall
2) What feature is common to prokaryotes, fungi, and plants?
A) a nucleus
B) single cells
C) at one time, membership in the kingdom Monera
D) cell walls
E) photosynthesis
Answer: D
Topic: Web/CD Activity 1B
Skill: Factual Recall
10
Chapter 1: Introduction: The Scientific Study of Life
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Chapter 2 The Chemical Basis of Life
Multiple Choice Questions
1) Which one of the following statements is false about the noxious alkaloid chemical used by
rattlebox moths?
A) The chemical originally comes from a plant eaten by the rattlebox moth caterpillar.
B) Only males obtain the chemical from plants.
C) During mating, males transfer to the female an extra dose of the chemical.
D) During the courtship dance, males release into the air puffs of a chemical derived from the
alkaloid to help a female assess how much alkaloid he has.
E) All of the choices are true.
Answer: B
Topic: Introduction
Skill: Factual Recall
2) Which one of the following is not a trace element in the human body?
A) fluorine
B) nitrogen
C) zinc
D) manganese
E) iodine
Answer: B
Topic: Introduction
Skill: Factual Recall
3) The four most common elements in living organisms are
A) C, H, O, Fe.
B) C, H, O, Na.
C) C, H, O, N.
D) C, N, O, Na.
E) Fe, N, O, Ca.
Answer: C
Topic: Introduction
Skill: Factual Recall
Biology: Concepts and Connections, 5/e
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4) Matter
A) is what life is composed of.
B) occupies space.
C) has mass.
D) is composed of elements.
E) All of the choices are correct.
Answer: E
Topic: Introduction
Skill: Factual Recall
5) Which one of the following is added to water in some communities to reduce tooth decay?
A) nitrogen
B) sodium
C) chlorine
D) potassium
E) fluoride
Answer: E
Topic: 2.2
Skill: Factual Recall
6) Which one of the following is commonly added to table salt to prevent the formation
of goiters?
A) iodine
B) iron
C) calcium
D) magnesium
E) fluoride
Answer: A
Topic: 2.2
Skill: Factual Recall
7) In the equation 2 H2 + O2 ¬ 2 H2O,
A) H2, O2, and H2O are all compounds.
B) H2, O2, and H2O are all elements.
C) only H2O is a compound.
D) only H2 and O2 are compounds.
E) H2, O2, and H2O are all trace elements.
Answer: C
Topic: 2.3
Skill: Conceptual Understanding
12
Chapter 2: The Chemical Basis of Life
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8) A compound
A) is a pure element.
B) is less common than a pure element.
C) contains two or more elements in a fixed ratio.
D) is exemplified by sodium.
E) is a solution.
Answer: C
Topic: 2.3
Skill: Factual Recall
9) The nucleus of an atom contains
A) protons and neutrons.
B) protons and electrons.
C) only neutrons.
D) only protons.
E) only electrons.
Answer: A
Topic: 2.4
Skill: Factual Recall
10) Electrons move about the nucleus of an atom in the same way that
A) insects fly around a bright lamp at night.
B) cars are parked along the sides of a street.
C) boats cross a lake.
D) people pass each other along a sidewalk.
E) birds migrate to a new winter home.
Answer: A
Topic: 2.4
Skill: Conceptual Understanding
11) The sodium atom contains 11 electrons, 11 protons, and 12 neutrons. What is the mass number
of sodium?
A) 0
B) 11
C) 22
D) 23
E) 34
Answer: D
Topic: 2.4
Skill: Conceptual Understanding
Biology: Concepts and Connections, 5/e
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12) The atomic number of an atom is
A) the number of protons in the atom.
B) the number of electrons in the atom.
C) the number of neutrons in the atom.
D) the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in the atom.
E) the net electrical charge of the atom.
Answer: A
Topic: 2.4
Skill: Factual Recall
13) Typically, nitrogen atoms are composed of seven electrons, seven protons, and seven neutrons.
An isotope of nitrogen could
A) be positively charged.
B) be negatively charged.
C) have more than seven electrons and more than seven protons.
D) have more than seven protons.
E) have more than seven neutrons.
Answer: E
Topic: 2.4
Skill: Factual Recall
14) A radioactive isotope is one that
A) is stable.
B) decays.
C) has more protons than the common variant of the element.
D) has more electrons than the common variant of the element.
E) has the same atomic mass, but a different atomic number than the common variant of the
element.
Answer: B
Topic: 2.4
Skill: Factual Recall
14
Chapter 2: The Chemical Basis of Life
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15) Which of the following statements about radioactive isotopes is/are true?
A) The nuclei of radioactive isotopes are unusually stable, but the atoms tend to lose
electrons.
B) When given a choice between radioactive and nonradioactive isotopes of the same
atom, living cells are more likely to incorporate the radioactive isotopes into their
structures.
C) The tracers typically used for diagnosing medical problems remain radioactive in the
body for a number of years, but give off very low levels of radioactive energy.
D) The energy emitted by radioactive isotopes can break chemical bonds and cause molecular
damage in cells.
E) All of the choices are true.
Answer: D
Topic: 2.5
Skill: Factual Recall
16) Radioactive isotopes
A) are frequently added to foods as nutritional supplements.
B) can be used in conjunction with PET scans to diagnose a patient.
C) have no effect on living tissue.
D) do not occur naturally.
E) are never incorporated into organic compounds.
Answer: B
Topic: 2.5
Skill: Factual Recall
17) When full, the innermost electron shell of an atom contains __________ electrons, and the
outermost shell contains __________ electrons.
A) 2 . . . 2
B) 2 . . . 8
C) 4 . . . 8
D) 8 . . . 2
E) 8 . . . 8
Answer: B
Topic: 2.6
Skill: Factual Recall
Biology: Concepts and Connections, 5/e
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18) The farther an electron is from the nucleus, the
A) greater its energy.
B) lower the atomic number.
C) more unstable the isotope.
D) more likely it is to be radioactive.
E) more inert the atom.
Answer: A
Topic: 2.6
Skill: Factual Recall
19) Table salt is formed when
A) chlorine gives an electron to sodium.
B) a hydrogen bond forms between sodium and chlorine.
C) sodium and chlorine share electrons to form a bond.
D) sodium crystals combine with chlorine crystals.
E) None of the statements are true.
Answer: E
Topic: 2.7
Skill: Factual Recall
20) The body uses atoms in different ways to accomplish different tasks. For example, one portion
of the body's calcium supply strengthens bones, whereas another portion combines with
proteins to stimulate blood clotting after tissue injury. Which of the statements below provides
the most logical chemical explanation of calcium's ability to perform such different functions?
A) The bone contains calcium salts, which are less reactive than the calcium ions found in the
blood.
B) The calcium in blood is a more reactive form of the atom and therefore has fewer protons
than the calcium in bone.
C) There are many different isotopes of calcium, and the most reactive isotope is found in the
bone.
D) The calcium in blood has a lighter atomic mass than the calcium in bone and is in a more
reactive form.
E) The calcium in blood has fewer protons, is a more reactive form of the atom, and has a
lighter atomic mass than the calcium in bone.
Answer: A
Topic: 2.7
Skill: Application
16
Chapter 2: The Chemical Basis of Life
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21) Medicines are often administered in pill form. In many cases, the active ingredient of the pill
(the drug) is joined to another substance by __________. This forms a(n) __________, which is
stable in the dry environment of a pill bottle but dissociates under the wet conditions of the
digestive system to release the drug to the body.
A) ionic bonds . . . salt
B) hydrogen bonds . . . base
C) ionic bonds . . . acid
D) covalent bonds . . . salt
E) polar covalent bonds . . . acid or base (depending on the drug)
Answer: A
Topic: 2.7
Skill: Application
22) A(n) __________ forms when two atoms share electrons.
A) ion
B) element
C) covalent bond
D) ionic bond
E) hydrogen bond
Answer: C
Topic: 2.8
Skill: Factual Recall
23) What is the fundamental difference between covalent and ionic bonding?
A) In a covalent bond, the partners have identical electronegativity; in an ionic bond, one of
them is more electronegative.
B) In a covalent bond, the partners share a pair of electrons; in an ionic bond, one partner
captures an electron from the other.
C) In covalent bonding, both partners end up with filled outer electron shells; in ionic
bonding, one partner does and the other does not.
D) Covalent bonding involves only the outer electron shell; ionic bonding also involves the
next inner electron shell.
E) Covalent bonds form between atoms of the same element; ionic bonds, between atoms of
different elements.
Answer: B
Topic: 2.8
Skill: Factual Recall
Biology: Concepts and Connections, 5/e
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24) The oxygen atom of a water molecule
A) is more positively charged than the hydrogen atoms.
B) attracts electrons less strongly than the hydrogen atoms.
C) is more electronegative than the hydrogen atoms.
D) is electrically neutral.
E) is attracted to the negatively charged atoms of other molecules.
Answer: C
Topic: 2.9
Skill: Conceptual Understanding
25) Many fabrics are coated with a "water-repellent" chemical that causes water to bead on the
fabric instead of soaking in. This probably occurs because
A) the coating has positive charges that repel the positively charged ends of the water
molecules.
B) the coating has negative charges that repel the negatively charged ends of the water
molecules.
C) the coating is neutral, and therefore repels water, which is also neutral.
D) the coating is neutral and repels the positive and negative ends of the water molecules.
E) the coating has positive charges that repel the positively charged ends of the water
molecules and also has negative charges that repel the negatively charged ends of the
water molecules.
Answer: D
Topic: 2.9
Skill: Application
26) A water molecule (H-O-H) is held together by
A) an ionic bond.
B) a single covalent bond.
C) a double covalent bond.
D) a polar covalent bond.
E) hydrogen bonds.
Answer: D
Topic: 2.9
Skill: Factual Recall
18
Chapter 2: The Chemical Basis of Life
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27) The hydrogen atoms of a water molecule are bonded to the oxygen atom by __________ bonds,
whereas neighboring water molecules are held together by __________ bonds.
A) hydrogen . . . ionic
B) hydrogen . . . polar covalent
C) polar covalent . . . hydrogen
D) ionic . . . covalent
E) polar covalent . . . ionic
Answer: C
Topic: 2.9, 2.10
Skill: Factual Recall
28) __________ are weak bonds that are not strong enough to hold atoms together to form
molecules but are strong enough to form bridges between molecules.
A) Ionic bonds
B) Covalent bonds
C) Polar covalent bonds
D) Hydrogen bonds
E) Anionic bonds
Answer: D
Topic: 2.10
Skill: Factual Recall
29) Water molecules stick to other water molecules because
A) water molecules are neutral, and neutral molecules are attracted to each other.
B) hydrogen bonds form between the hydrogen atoms of one water molecule and the oxygen
atoms of other water molecules.
C) covalent bonds form between the hydrogen atoms of one water molecule and the oxygen
atoms of other water molecules.
D) the hydrogen atoms of adjacent water molecules are attracted to one another.
E) the oxygen atoms of adjacent water molecules are attracted to one another.
Answer: B
Topic: 2.10
Skill: Conceptual Understanding
30) After turning the water off at the end of a shower, water still clings to your body because of
A) water's versatility as a solvent.
B) cohesion.
C) adhesion.
D) evaporative cooling.
E) All of the choices are correct.
Answer: B
Topic: 2.11
Skill: Application
Biology: Concepts and Connections, 5/e
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31) The ability of water molecules to form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules is critical to
A) evaporative cooling of skin surfaces.
B) the movement of water from the roots of a tree to its leaves.
C) the milder temperatures of coastal regions compared to inland areas.
D) the ability of certain insects to walk on the surface of water.
E) all of these factors.
Answer: E
Topic: 2.11, 2.12
Skill: Conceptual Understanding
32) As ice melts,
A) hydrogen bonds are broken.
B) water molecules become less tightly packed.
C) the water becomes less dense.
D) covalent bonds form.
E) All of the choices are true.
Answer: A
Topic: 2.12, 2.13
Skill: Conceptual Understanding
33) The temperature of evaporation is much higher for water than for alcohol. Without knowing
more about the chemistry of alcohol, which of the following is the most logical chemical
explanation for this phenomenon?
A) Ionic bonds form between alcohol molecules. These are the weakest type of bond and are
easier to break than the hydrogen bonds between water molecules.
B) Alcohol has a higher surface tension than water. This means that alcohol molecules can
easily break away from other alcohol molecules and evaporate at a lower temperature.
C) Alcohol molecules are more cohesive than water molecules. This means that as alcohol
molecules evaporate, they pull other alcohol molecules into the air along with them.
D) Fewer hydrogen bonds form between alcohol molecules. As a result, less heat is needed
for alcohol molecules to break away from solution and enter the air.
E) None of the choices is a logical chemical explanation for this phenomenon.
Answer: D
Topic: 2.12, 2.13
Skill: Application
20
Chapter 2: The Chemical Basis of Life
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34) Which one of the following statements about water is false?
A) Ice is less dense than liquid water.
B) The hydrogen bonds in ice are less stable than the hydrogen bonds in liquid water.
C) Water naturally exists in all three physical states on Earth.
D) Floating ice on a pond insulates the liquid water below, slowing its rate of freezing.
E) If ice sank, the oceans would eventually freeze solid.
Answer: B
Topic: 2.13
Skill: Factual Recall
35) You've made a hot drink by dissolving a teaspoon of instant coffee and a teaspoon of sugar in
a cup of hot water. Which of the following is/are true?
A) You've just prepared an aqueous solution.
B) The water is the solute portion of the drink.
C) The instant coffee and sugar are solvents.
D) The instant coffee and sugar dissolve because they have no electropositive or
electronegative regions to repel the electropositive and electronegative regions of the
water molecules.
E) All of the choices are true.
Answer: A
Topic: 2.14
Skill: Application
36) Which of the following is not related to the ability of NaCl to dissolve in water?
A) The atoms of this salt are held together by ionic bonds.
B) Water is a polar compound.
C) Hydrogen bonds between water molecules are weaker than the hydrogen bonds between
sodium and water or between chloride and water.
D) Ionic bonds tend to dissociate in water.
E) Positively charged substances are attracted to negatively charged substances.
Answer: C
Topic: 2.14
Skill: Conceptual Understanding
37) A solute is
A) the dissolving agent of a solution.
B) the liquid portion of a solution.
C) usually water in living cells.
D) the substance that is dissolved in solution.
E) the dissolving agent of a solution which is usually oxygen in living cells.
Answer: D
Topic: 2.14
Skill: Factual Recall
Biology: Concepts and Connections, 5/e
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38) A pharmaceutical company hires a chemist to analyze the purity of the water being used in its
drug preparations. If the water is pure, the chemist would expect to find
A) only molecules of H2O.
B) H2O molecules and H+ ions.
C) H2O molecules and OH- ions.
D) H2O molecules, H+ ions, and OH- ions.
E) only H+ ions and OH- ions.
Answer: D
Topic: 2.15
Skill: Conceptual Understanding
39) Bases
A) donate H+ ions to solutions.
B) accept H+ ions from solutions.
C) donate OH- ions to solutions.
D) accept OH- ions from solutions.
E) either accept H+ ions from solutions or donate OH- ions to solutions.
Answer: E
Topic: 2.15
Skill: Factual Recall
40) A solution with a pH of 7 is
A) strongly acidic.
B) weakly acidic.
C) neutral.
D) weakly basic.
E) strongly basic.
Answer: C
Topic: 2.15
Skill: Factual Recall
41) Compared to a solution of pH 3, a solution of pH 1 is
A) 100 times more acidic.
B) 10 times more acidic.
C) neutral.
D) 10 times more basic.
E) 100 times more basic.
Answer: A
Topic: 2.15
Skill: Factual Recall
22
Chapter 2: The Chemical Basis of Life
download full file at http://testbankcafe.com
42) Which of the following statements about pH is/are true?
A) The pH scale is a measure of oxygen ion concentration.
B) A single unit change on the pH scale is equivalent to a 1% change in hydrogen ion
concentration.
C) An increase in hydrogen ion concentration means a decrease in pH scale units.
D) Basic pH levels are less than 7.
E) The pH of solutions inside most cells is close to 9.0.
Answer: C
Topic: 2.15
Skill: Factual Recall
43) Household ammonia has a pH of 12; household bleach has a pH of 13. Which of the following
statements is true?
A) Both of these substances are strong acids.
B) The ammonia has 10 times as many OH- ions as the bleach.
C) The ammonia has 10 times as many H+ ions as the bleach.
D) A solution that could buffer the bleach and ammonia would remove excess OH- ions.
E) The ammonia has 10 times as many OH- ions as the bleach and a solution that could
buffer the bleach and ammonia would remove excess OH- ions.
Answer: C
Topic: 2.15
Skill: Conceptual Understanding
44) A buffer
A) is an acid that is used to offset overly basic conditions in the body.
B) is a base that is used to offset overly acidic conditions in the body.
C) donates OH- ions when conditions become too acidic and accepts OH- ions when
conditions become too basic.
D) donates H+ ions when conditions become too basic and accepts H+ ions when conditions
become too acidic.
E) donates OH- ions when conditions become too basic and accepts OH- ions when
conditions become too acidic.
Answer: D
Topic: 2.15
Skill: Factual Recall
Biology: Concepts and Connections, 5/e
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download full file at http://testbankcafe.com
45) Acid precipitation
A) is most damaging in winter, when the acids in the snow remain in prolonged contact with
delicate vegetation.
B) is defined as rain having a pH above 7.4.
C) damages natural wilderness areas, but does little or no damage in towns and cities.
D) is primarily the result of burning rain forest timber.
E) None of the above are true.
Answer: E
Topic: 2.16
Skill: Factual Recall
46) The emission of __________ and __________ are primarily responsible for acid precipitation.
A) carbon dioxide . . . methane
B) CFCs . . . bromides
C) nitrogen oxides . . . sulfur oxides
D) halones . . . CFCs
E) carbon dioxide . . . ozone
Answer: C
Topic: 2.16
Skill: Factual Recall
47) What can each of us do to decrease the production of acid precipitation? We can
A) drive more fuel-efficient automobiles.
B) decrease our consumption of coal-generated electricity.
C) encourage the use of alternative energy resources such as solar, wind, and geothermal
energy.
D) whenever possible, walk or ride a bicycle instead of driving a car.
E) All of the choices are ways to decrease the production of acid precipitation.
Answer: E
Topic: 2.16
Skill: Application
48) In the equation 2 H2 + O2 ¬ 2 H2O, the H2 molecules are __________ and the H2O molecules
are __________.
A) reactants . . . products
B) products . . . reactants
C) reactants . . . reactants
D) products . . . products
E) None of the choices are correct.
Answer: A
Topic: 2.17
Skill: Factual Recall
24
Chapter 2: The Chemical Basis of Life
download full file at http://testbankcafe.com
49) Which of the following is not a characteristic of chemical reactions?
A) Chemical reactions involve the making and breaking of chemical bonds.
B) Some chemical reactions create electrons; others destroy them.
C) The atoms of the reactants are exactly the same as the atoms of the products.
D) The reactants contain the same number of atoms as the products.
E) Although the atoms of a reaction's reactants and products are identical to each other, their
molecular formulae differ.
Answer: B
Topic: 2.17
Skill: Factual Recall
50) When beta-carotene (C40H56) combines with oxygen (O2) and four hydrogens (4 H), two
molecules of vitamin A are formed. Which of the following statements is/are true?
A) Each of the vitamin A molecules contains 20 carbon atoms.
B) Each of the vitamin A molecules contains 2 oxygen atoms.
C) Beta-carotene is one of the products of the reaction.
D) The vitamin A molecules are the reactants.
E) All of the statements are true.
Answer: A
Topic: 2.17
Skill: Conceptual Understanding
Media Activity Questions
1) What is the atomic mass of an atom that has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons?
A) 6
B) 8
C) +1
D) 12
E) 18
Answer: D
Topic: Web/CD Activity 2B
Skill: Factual Recall
Biology: Concepts and Connections, 5/e
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