Name: _________________________________ Date:__________________ Period: ___
Chapter 5.2 Flashcard List
Ch. 5.2 Quiz Date: _____________________
Standard 1e: Students know cells divide to increase their numbers through a process of mitosis,
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which results in two daughter cells with identical sets of chromosomes.
What this means: Cells split to make more cells through a process that includes mitosis.
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through this process, a single cell becomes two cells that have the
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same genetic material (DNA).
Word/concept
Definition/example
cell cycle
the regular sequence of growth and development that
healthy cells go through; there are 3 stages in the cell
cycle
interphase
the first stage of the cell cycle; the stage that lasts the
longest; the time when the cell is growing to its
mature size, copying the DNA, so that each
chromosome contains two chromatids, and preparing
for cell division (making other organelles and more
cytoplasm);
mitosis
the second stage of the cell cycle; the division of the
nucleus; mitosis has 4 phases; mitosis results in the
formation of two identical nuclei with identical sets of
chromosomes, but the cell has not yet divided into
two new cells
prophase
the first phase of mitosis; the chromatids condense to
form chromosomes, the nuclear membrane starts to
break down
metaphase
the second phase of mitosis; the nuclear membrane is
gone, the chromosome pairs line up around the
middle of the cell
picture/diagram
Word/concept
Definition/example
anaphase
the third phase of mitosis; the chromosomes or
chromatids separate from each other and move
toward opposite sides of the cell
telophase
the 4th and last phase of mitosis; chromosomes are
at opposite sides of the elongated cell, a new nucleus
forms around each new identical set of chromosomes
picture/diagram
At the end of mitosis--this is still just one cell, but two nuclei -->
cytokinesis
the third (last) stage of the cell cycle; the cytoplasm
and organelles are divided into two new cells along
with the two new nuclei; cytokinesis results in two
identical new daughter cells identical to the original
parent cell. As soon as cytokinesis ends, each new
daughter cell goes immediately into a new interphase
period.
parent cell
the original body cell that will undergo cell division to
create two new identical cells
daughter cell
one of two identical new cells that result from the
division of a single parent cell
two newly formed daughter cells --------------->
identical to each other, AND identical to the original parent cell
chromosomes
the structure in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells that is
made up of DNA and protein; condensed chromatin;
the genetic material, the hereditary material
chromatin
long strands of DNA and proteins that contains the
genetic material (when condensed it is called
chromosomes)
the two new cells have
formed-- now interphase
begins again immediately
Word/concept
Definition/example
picture/diagram
centrioles
a bundle of long tubelike structures made of
microtubules; helps the cell divide during mitosis
centromere
a region on a chromosome that joins two sister
chromatids; the part of the chromosome that is
most constricted, where the spindle fibers will
attach during cell division
gamete/sex cell
a sperm cell or an egg cell; gametes have half the
number of chromosomes (the haploid number) of a
regular body cell
egg cell ------->
sperm cells----->
body cell
a regular cell in the body that is not a sperm cell or an
egg cell (like a skin, or muscle cell for example); also
called somatic cells; they have the full number of
chromosomes (the diploid number)
haploid
the word used to describe the number of
chromosomes found in gametes (egg or sperm cells);
haploid is half the number of chromosomes in somatic
or body cells-in humans the haploid number of
chromosomes is 23
diploid
the word used to describe the number of
chromosomes found in somatic or body cells; diploid
is the full number of chromosomes (twice as many as
the haploid number) In humans the diploid number of
chromosomes is 46