Heavenly Father Eternal
Adam and Eve were children of our Heavenly Father, and our first parents born year 1, died 930 after
creation.
Seth
b. 130 AC
died 1042 AC
Enos b. 235
d. 1140 AC
Cainan
b. 395
d. 1235 AC
Mahalalel
b. 395
d. 1290 AC
Jared b. 460
d. 1422 AC
Enoch b. 622 lived righteously and was translated 1052 with all his followers.
Adam lived to see Enoch.
Lamech
b. 874
d. 1654
Methuselah
b. 687 d. 1656. Longest lived man in history.
Noah b. 1056 d. 2006. Noah knew all his male ancestors except Adam. Noah built the Ark and after the
flood he divided the earth among his three sons. To Shem he gave Asia from the Euphrates to the Indian
Ocean. To Ham he gave Syria, Arabia and Africa. Negroes and dark skinned peoples are Ham’s
descendants. Noah gave Japheth the rest of Asia beyond the Euphrates with Gadiz. Japheth had fifteen
sons, and divided Europe among them and his part of Asia. The Meds and Greeks, and Thracians, the
Spaniards, Chinese and the eastern Asiatic peoples are descendants of these fifteen sons of Japheth. 11.
Shem, Ancestor of the white races and the twelve tribes of Israel.
12. Arphazad
b. 1658
d. 2096 AC.
13. Shelah b. 1693
d. 2126 AC.
14. Eber or Heber, father of the Hebrews b. 1723 d. 2187 AC.
Gen. 10: 25 And unto Eber were born two sons: the name of one was Peleg; for in his days was the earth
divided; and his brother’s name was Joktan. Gen. 11:16 And Eber lived four and thirty years, and begat
Peleg: Gen. 11: 17 And Beer lived after he begat Peleg four hundred and thirty years, and begat sons and
daughters. Gen. 11: 18 And Peleg lived thirty years, and begat Reu: Gen. 11: 19 And Peleg lived after he
begat Reu two hundred and nine years, and begat sons and daughters. 1 Chr. 1: 19 And unto Eber were
born two sons: the name of the one was Peleg; because in his days the earth was adivided: and his brother’s
name was Joktan. .1 Chr. 1: 25 Eber, Peleg, Reu,
15. Peleg
b. 1757
d. 1996 AC.
16. Reu
b. 1787
d. 2026 AC.
17. Serug
b. 1819
d. 2049 AC.
18. Nahor
b. 1849
d. 1997 AC.
Gen. 11: 22 And Serug lived thirty years, and begat Nahor. Gen. 11: 23 And Serug lived after he begat
Nahor two hundred years, and begat sons and daughters. Gen. 11: 24 And Nahor lived nine and twenty
years, and begat Terah. Gen. 11:25 And Nahor lived after he begat Terah an hundred and nineteen years,
and begat sons and daughters. Gen. 11: 26 And aTerah lived seventy years, and begat Abram, Nahor, and
Haran. Gen. 11: 27 Now these are the generations of Terah: Terah begat Abram, Nahor, and Haran; and
Haran begat Lot. Gen. 11: 29 And Abram and Nahor took them wives: the name of Abram’s wife was
aSarai; and the name of Nahor’s wife, Milcah, the daughter of Haran, the father of Milcah, and the father of
Iscah.
19. Terah
b. 1878
d. 2083 AC.
20. Abraham b. 1948
d. 2123 AC. Abraham was the friend
of God and the father of the peaceful. Abraham paid tithes to Melchizedek and received the holy priesthood
from him. He married Sarah his niece and had son Isaac. From Hagar he had son Ishmael. From Keturah he
had sons, Zimran, Jokshan, Medan, Midian, Ishbak, and Shuah.
21. Isaac
b. 2048 d. 2228.AC. Married Rebekah.
22. Jacob
b. 2108
d. 2255 AC. He was renamed Israel which name means
ruling with God. Jacob was the father of the twelve tribes of Isreal. 23. Judah fourth son of Jacob and
Leah. Ancestor of the rulers of nations.
24. Pharah son of Tamer. His twin brother Zarah was ancestor of Trejen.
25. Ezrom
26. Aram
27. Aminadeb
28. Nahshon
Ruth 4: 20 And Amminadab begat Nahshon, and Nahshon begat Salmon. Ruth 4: 21 And Salmon begat
Boaz, and Boaz begat Obed.
29. Salmon
30. Boaz married Ruth and the moabite descendant of Lot, and his daughter.
31. Obed
32. Jesse
Ruth 4: 17 And the women her neighbours gave it a name, saying, There is a son born to Naomi; and they
called his name Obed: he is the father of Jesse, the father of David. Ruth 4: 22 And Obed begat Jesse, and
Jesse begat David.
33. David, 2nd king of Isreal. Shepard, harpist, warrior, exile, monarch, psalmist, and conqueror. David the
giant killer was the founder of Israel’s poetry. He died at the age of seventy.
34. Nathan was the brother of King Solomon and the son of Bathsheba. 1.2 Sam. 5: 14 14 And these be
the names of those that were born unto him in Jerusalem; Shammua, and Shobab, and Nathan, and
Solomon, 35. 2.Luke 3: 31 31 Which was the son of Melea, which was the son of Menan, which was the
son of Mattatha, which was the son of Nathan, which was the son of David, 36. Menan
37. Melea
38. Eliakim
39. Jojan
40. Joseph
41. Juda
42. Simoen
43. Levi Jacob meets Rachel at the well-He serves Laban seven years for her-Laban gives to Jacob, first
Leah, then Rachel in marriage-Jacob serves another seven years-Leah bears Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and
Judah.
44. Matthat
45. Jorim
46. Eliezer
47. Jose Luke 3: 29 Which was the son of Jose, which was the son of Eliezer, which was the son of Jorim,
which was the son of Matthat, which was the son of Levi,
48. Er
49. Elmodam
1.Luke 3: 28 Which was the son of Melchi, which was the son of Addi, which was the son of Cosam,
which was the son of Elmodam, which was the son of Er,
50. Cosam
51. Addi
52. Melchi
53. Neri
54. Salathiel
1 Chr. 3: 17 And the sons of Jeconiah; Assir, Salathiel his son. Matt. 1:12 And after they were brought to
Babylon, Jechonias begat Salathiel; and Salathiel begat Zorobabel. Luke 3: 27 Which was the son of
Joanna, which was the son of Rhesa, which was the son of Zorobabel, which was the son of Salathiel,
which was the son of Neri.
55. Zorobabel Matt 1: 12 And after they were brought to Babylon, Jechonias begat Salathiel; and Salathiel
begat Zorobabel. Matt 1:13 And Zorobabel begat Abiud; and Abiud begat Eliakim; and Eliakim begat
Azor. Luke 3:27 Which was the son of Joanna, which was the son of Rhesa, which was the son of
Zorobabel, which was the son of Salathiel, which was the son of Neri. Zerubbabel Grandson of Jehoiachin,
king of Judah, and son of Pedaiah (1 Chr. 3: 16-19); in Ezra 3: 2 and elsewhere he is called “son of
Shealtiel,” i.e., probably his nephew or legal heir. Zerubbabel was also known by the Persian name
Sheshbazzar (Ezra 1: 8, etc.). When Cyrus gave permission to the Jews to return to Palestine, Zerubbabel
was appointed “pekhah” or governor, as the representative of the Jewish royal house (Ezra 1: 8). He set up
an altar in Jerusalem and rebuilt the temple (see Temple of Zerubbabel) (Ezra 3:2, 8; Ezra 4: 2-3; Ezra 5:
2); being helped by Haggai (Hag. 1: 1-14; Hag. 2: 1-23) and Zechariah (Zech. 4:6-10). In the NT he is
called Zorobabel.
56. Rhesa Luke 3: 27 Which was the son of Joanna, which was the son of Rhesa, which was the son of
Zorobabel, which was the son of Salathiel, which was the son of Neri.
57. Joanna Son of Rhesa, and ancestor of Christ (Luke 3: 27).
58. Juda
59. Joseph
60. Semei
61. Mathathias
62. Maath
63. Nagge
64. Esli
65. Naum
66. Amos Luke 3: 25-26 Which was the son of Mattathias, which was the son of Amos, which was the son
of Naum, which was the son of Esli, which was the son of Nagge, 26 Which was the son of Maath,
which was the son of Mattathias, which was the son of Semei, which was the son of Joseph, which was
the son of Juda.
67. Mattathias
From The First Book of the Maccabees. The importance of this work for our knowledge of Jewish history
in the 2nd century BC can hardly be surpassed. It recounts with great minuteness the whole narrative of the
Maccabean movement from the accession of Antiochus Epiphanes (175) to the death of Simon (135). The
persecution of Antiochus Epiphanes and the national rising led by the aged priest Mattathias, the heroic war
of independence under the lead of Judas the Maccabee, the recovery of religious freedom and political
independence under Jonathan (160-143) and Simon (143-135) mark the chief divisions of the stirring
period that the book chronicles.
68. Joseph
69. Janna or Johanna
70. Melchi
71. Levi
72. Matthan or Matthat
73. Joseph of Arimathaea Joseph of Arimathaea, the brother of Jacob the father of the Virgin Mary. The
other brother, Heli, was the father of Joseph who married his cousin the Virgin Mary. Joseph of
Arimathaea buried the body of Jesus Christ, the Lord in his own tomb. It is said that Joseph of
Arimathaea went to Britain to live and was buried at Glastonbury. His daughter Anna was the cousin
of the Virgin Mary.
74. Anna married a British King.
75. Penardim brother of Beli the Great, King of England.
76. Bran the Blessed.
77. Caradoc
78. Cyllin
79. Prince Coil or Coilus died 170 AD.
80. Lucius King and Missionary.
81. Cadwallader (Cadwalladr) B:< 0193
82. Frigg (Friege) FREA Married Odin or Wodin who was a descendant of Juda’s son Zarah, in the 30th
generation. Frea died 300 AD. Sex:F Birth: Abt 219 Of, Asgard, Asia Or, East Europe Parents: Father:
Cadwalladr Marriage(s): Spouse: Odin (Woden, Woutan) Odin (Woden, Woutan) Sex: M Birth: Abt
215 Of, Asgard, Asia Or, East Europe Parents: Father: Frithuwald (Bor) (AFN: GS5J-QM) Mother:
Beltsa (AFN:GS5J-RS) Marriage(s): Spouse: Skadi (AFN: G6SX-J0) Spouse: Rind (AFN: G70D-LP)
Spouse: Mrs-Odin (AFN: G70J-HQ) Spouse: Frigg (Friege) FREA (AFN: GS5J-N9) Spouse: Mrs-Odin
(AFN: VG3G-FB)
83. Beldeg (Balder) B: Abt 243 , , , Scandinavia
84. Beldeg (Balder) B: Abt 243 , , , Scandinavia
85. Brand (Brond) B: Abt 271 , , , Scandinavia
86. Frithogar B: Abt 299 , , Ancient Saxony, Northern Germany
87. Freawine B: Abt 327 , , Ancient Saxony, Northern Germany
88. Wig B: Abt 0355 , , Ancient Saxony, Northern Germany
89. Gewis B: Abt 0383 , , Ancient Saxony, Northern Germany
90. Esla B: Abt 0411, Ancient Saxony, Northern Germany
91. Elesa B: Abt 0439, Ancient Saxony, Northern Germany
92. Cerdic, King Of WESSEX B:
Abt 0467 Of, ,Ancient Saxony,
Northern Germany D:
Abt 534 , ,Wessex, Eng
93. Crioda, Prince Of WESSEX B: Abt 493 Of, ,Wessex, England
94. Cynric King Of WESSEX
B:
Abt 525 Of, ,Wessex, England D:
560
95. Ceawlin, King Of WESSEX
B:
Abt 0547 Of, ,Wessex, England D: Abt 591
96. Cuthwine Prince Of WESSEX B: Abt 564 , ,Wessex, England
97. Cuthwine Cutha (Cuthwulf) Prince Of WESSEX B: Abt 600 Of, , Wessex, England
98. Ceolwald Prince Of WESSEX B: Abt 622 Of, ,Wessex, England
99. Cenred Prince Of WESSEX B: Abt 644 Of, ,Wessex, England
100. Ingild Prince Of WESSEX B: Abt 680 Of, ,Wessex, England D:718
101. Eoppa B:
Abt 706 Of, , Wessex, England
102. Eaba B:
Abt 0732 Of, , Wessex, England
103. Ealhmund, Under-King Of KENT B: Abt 758 Of,, Wessex, England D: 0788
104. Egbert, King Of WESSEX B: Abt 0784 Of, , Wessex, England died 839, Married Redburg.
105. Ethelwulf King Of WESSEX B: Abt 0806 Of, ,Wessex, England D: 13 Jan 0857 , , , England
M: Abt 830 died 858 AD. Married Osbush
106. Alfred “The Great” King Of ENGLAND B: Abt 0848 Of, Wantage, Berkshire, England D:
26 Oct 0901 , Winchester, Hampshire, England M: 0868 B.848 at Wantage, Berkshire, England.
Married Eahlswith 868. He was king of the West Saxons and regarded as the wisest of all kings.
107. Edward I “The Elder” King Of ENGLAND B: 0870 , , Wessex, England D: 0925 ,
Farrington, Berkshire, England M: 0919 , , Wessex, MarriedEdgiva. Ascended his father’s throne 901
AD.The reign of King Edward the Elder (899-924)
108. Edmund I “The Magnificent” King Of ENGLAND B: Abt 0922 , , Wessex, England D: 26
May 946 , , , England The reign of Edmund (939-46)
109. Edgar “The Peacable”, King Of ENGLAND B: Abt 943 , , Wessex, England D: 8 Jul 975 , ,
Wessex, England M: 964 , , Wessex, England Married (1) Ethelflaeda, (2) Elfrida. He died 975 AD.
110. Ethelred II “The Unready” King Of ENGLAND B: Abt 0968 Of, , Wessex, England D: 23
Apr 1016 ,London, Middlesex, England M: Abt 985 Of, ,Wessex, England Born 968. Died 23 April
1016AD. Brother of Edward the Martyr. He caused great massacre of raiding Danes in 1002. Married (1)
Elgiva, (2) Emma, sister of Duke Richard II of Normandy in 1002. They were parents of Edward the
Confessor.
111. Edmund II Ironsides. Born about 981. Died 30 Nov 1016. Married Ealdgyth.
112. Edward “Atheling” Prince Of ENGLAND the Exile. Died of lung fever 1057 AD. Married Agatha.
Sex: M Birth: 1016 , , Wessex, England Christening: (41-1057) Death: 1057 , London, Middlesex,
England Burial: St Paul Cathedral, London, Middlesex, England Parents: Father: Edmund II
“Ironside” King Of ENGLAND Mother: Ealdgyth (Algitha), Queen Of ENGLAND Marriage(s):
Spouse: Agatha Von Brunswick Princess Of ENGLAND Marriage: Abt 1035 Of, London, Middlesex,
England Spouse: Elflaed Princess Of ENGLAND
113. Margaret “Atheling” Queen Of SCOTLAND
Sex: F Birth: Abt 1042/1045 Of, Wessex, , England Death: 16 Nov 1093 Edinburgh Castle,
Edinburgh, Mid-Lothian, Scotland Burial: , Dunfermline, Fifeshire, Scotland Parents: Father:
Edward “Atheling” Prince Of ENGLAND Mother: Agatha Von Brunswick Princess Of ENGLAND
Marriage(s): Spouse: Malcolm III “Ceanmor (Longneck)” I King Of SCOTLAND Marriage:
1067/1069 Of, Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland Margaret known as St Margaret for her many great works
in education and religion in Scotland. She was born 1045 in Hungary where her family had been
banished. She married Malcolm III of King Scotland who was murdered by his cousin Macbeth of
Shakespere’s fame. She died 1093 of grief soon after Malcom’s death.
114. David I “The Saint” King Of SCOTLANDSex: M Birth: Abt 1080/1082 Of, , , Scotland
Death: 24 May 1153 Carlisle, Cumberland, England Burial: Dunfermline, Fifeshire, Scotland
Parents: Father: Malcolm III “Ceanmor (Longneck)” I King Of SCOTLAND Mother: Margaret
“Atheling” Queen Of SCOTLAND Marriage(s): Spouse: Matilda (Maud)HUNTINGTON Marriage:
1113/1114 , , , Scotland
115. Henry Prince Of SCOTLAND Sex: M Birth: Abt 1114/1119 , , , Scotland Death: 12 Jun 1152 , , ,
Scotland Burial: Kelso, Roxburghshire, Scotland Parents: Father: David I “The Saint” King Of
SCOTLAND Mother: Matilda (Maud) HUNTINGTON Marriage(s): Spouse: Ada De WARENNE
Marriage: 1134/1139, , , England
116. David Earl Of HUNTINGDON Sex: M Birth: 1144 Of, Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire, England
Death: 17 Jun 1219 Jedburgh, Roxburghshire, Scotland Burial: Abbey Of Saltre, , Huntingtonshire,
England Parents: Father: Henry Prince Of SCOTLAND Mother: Ada De WARENNE Marriage(s):
Spouse: Maud De MESCHINES Marriage: 26 Aug 1190 Of, , , Scotland Spouse: Mrs-David,
Concubine Of HUNTINGDON
117. Margaret HUNTINGDON Sex: F Birth: Abt 1194 Of, Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire, England
Death: Aft 6 Jan 1233 Parents: Father: David Earl Of HUNTINGDON Mother:Maud De
MESCHINES Marriage(s): Spouse: Alan De GALLOWAY Marriage: 1209 Of, Huntingdon,
Huntingdonshire, England
118. Helen McDougal known as Helen (Elena) Of GALLOWAY
Sex: F Birth: Abt 1208 Of, Carrick, Ayrshire, Scotland Death: Aft 21 Nov 1245 England Burial:
Brackley, Aberdeenshire, Scotland Parents: Father: Alan De GALLOWAY Mother: Helen De L’
ISLE Marriage(s): Spouse: Roger De QUINCY Marriage: Abt1217
119. Helen (Ellen) De QUINCY Sex: F Birth: Abt 1222 Of, Winchester, Hampshire, England Death:
Bef 20 Aug 1296 England Parents: Father: Roger De QUINCY Mother: Helen (Elena) Of
GALLOWAY Marriage(s): Spouse: Alan II, De La ZOUCHE Marriage: Bef 1242 Of, Winchester,
Hampshire, England
120. Eudo (Eon) La ZOUCHE Sex: M Birth: Abt 1244 Of, Ashby, Leicestershire, England Death: Bef
25 1279 Jun Parents: Father: Alan II, De La ZOUCHE Mother: Helen (Ellen) De QUINCY
Marriage(s): Spouse: Millicent De CANTILUPE (CAUNTELO) Marriage: Bef 1273 Of,
Abergavenny, Monmouthshire, England
121. Lucy La ZOUCHE Sex: F Birth: Abt 1279 Of, Harringworth, Northamptonshire, England Death:
23 Oct England Parents: Father: Eudo (Eon) La ZOUCHE Mother: Millicent De CANTILUPE
(CAUNTELO) Marriage(s): Spouse: Thomas De GREENE Marriage: 23 Oct 1987
122. Sir Henry De GREENE Chief Lord Justice of England Sex: MBirth: 1310 Greens Norton,
Northampton, England Death: 1370 Broughton, Dorset, England Parents: Father: Thomas De
GREENE Mother: Lucy La ZOUCHE (Marriage(s): Spouse: Catherine De DRAYTON
123. Sir Thomas De GREENE Sex: MBirth: 1343 Greens Norton, Northampton, England Death: 1391
Parents: Father: Henry De GREENE Mother: Catherine De DRAYTON Marriage(s): Spouse: Miss
MABLETHORPE
124. Sir Thomas GREENE Sex: MBirth: Abt 1369 Greene’s Norton, Northampton, England Death: 14
Dec 1417 England Burial: Norton, Northampton, England Parents: Father: Thomas De GREENE
Mother: Miss MABLETHORPE Marriage(s): Spouse: Mary TALBOT
125. Sir Thomas GREENE Sex: MBirth: 10 Feb 1400 England Death: 18 Jan 1461 England Burial:
Norton, Northampton, England Parents: Father: Thomas GREENE Mother: Mary TALBOT
Marriage(s): Spouse: Phillipe FERRARS
126. Elizabeth GREENE Sex: FBirth: Abt 1421 Greenes Norton, Northumberland, England Parents:
Father: Thomas GREENE Mother: Phillipe FERRARS Marriage(s): Spouse: William RALEIGH
Marriage: 1440
127. Sir Edward RALEIGH Night Sex: MBirth: 1441 Place: Farneborough,Warwickshire,England
Parents: Father: William RALEIGH Mother: Elizabeth GREENE Marriage(s): Spouse: Margaret
VERNEY Marriage: 1467
128. Edward Raleigh
Sex: MBirth: abt 1473 Place:
Farneborough,Warwickshire,England Parents: Father:
Edward Raleigh Mother: Margaret VERNEY. Marriage(s):
Spouse: Anne CHAMBERLAIN
129. Bridget Raleigh
Sex: FBirth: abt 1506 Place: Of Canons
Ashby,Northampton,England Parents: Father: Edward
Raleigh Mother: Anne CHAMBERLAIN Marriage(s):
Spouse: John COPE
130. Elizabeth COPE
Sex: FBirth: abt 1529 Place: Of Canon
Ashby,Northampton,England Parents: Father: John
COPE Mother: Bridget Raleigh Marriage(s): Spouse:
John Dryden Esquire.
131. Bridget Dryden
Sex: FBirth: abt 1565 Place: Canons
Ashby,Northampton,England Parents: Father: John
Dryden Mother: Elizabeth COPE Marriage(s): Spouse:
Francis MARBURY Rev. Marriage: abt 1587 Place:
Alford,Lincoln,England Spouse: Thomas NEWMAN
Marriage: 1620 Spouse: (Rev. ) Thomas NEWMAN
132. Anne MARBURY
Sex: F Birth: 1591 Place: Alford,Lncln.,Engl Christening: 20 Jul 1591 Place: Alford,Lncln.,Engl
Death: 20 Aug 1643 Place: New York City,(New Amsterdam), NY Parents: Father: Francis
MARBURY Rev. Mother: Bridget Dryden Marriage(s): Spouse: William HUTCHINSON Marriage:
9 Aug 1612 Place:
London,London,Engl Ann was driven out of Mass for teaching individual religious rights. Ann
founded Portsmouth, RI. She purchased Aquidneck from the Indians. After her husband’s death in
1642 she went to New York and started a home for her children. The Indians burned them out and
killed all but one girl.
133. Susanna HUTCHINSON
Sex: F Birth: Place:Alford,Lncln.,Engl Christening: 4 Sep 1614 Place:Alford,Lncln,Engl Parents:
Father:William HUTCHINSON Disc #3 Mother:Anne MARBURY Marriage(s): Spouse:John Cole
Marriage: 30 Dec 1651 Spouse: Nathaniel CODDINGTON
134.
William Cole Sex: M Birth: 13 Jul 1671 Place: Of No. Kingstown,,Rhode Island Death: 17 Sep
1734 Place: North Kingstown,,Rhode Island Parents: Father:John Cole Mother: Susanna HUTCHINSON
Marriage(s): Spouse: Ann PINDER Marriage: 1701
135. Mary Cole Sex: F Birth: abt 1705 Place: Death: 6 Dec 1753 Place: Dutchess,New York. Parents:
Father:William Cole Mother:Ann PINDER Marriage(s): Spouse:Samuel Dickinson Marriage: abt
1728Spouse: (2) Jonathon Dickinson
136.
Christopher Diskinson Sex: MChristening: 2 Nov 1729 Place: Narragansett,Washington,Rhode
Island Parents: Father:Samuel Dickinson Mother:Mary Cole Marriage(s): Spouse:Mary Cole
137. Samuel Dickinson Sex: M Birth: 1750 Place: Bolton,Warren,NY Parents: Father:Christopher
DickinsonMother:Mary Cole Marriage(s): Spouse:Huldah GRIFFITH
138. Charity Dickinson Sex: F, Birth: 24 Feb 1776, Place: Canaan,Clmb,NY, Death: 20 May 1849
Place: St. Joseph,Bchnn,MO, Parents: Father: Samuel Dickinson Mother: Huldah GRIFFITH
Marriage: 7 Jul 1799, Jared PRATT
139. Parley Parker Pratt b. 12 April 1807 d. 13 May 1857. Married Sarah Huston
140. Julia Huston Pratt, b. 1 April 1847 md John Gardner
141. Mary Pratt Gardner, b. 6 Dec 1885 md Ammon Anderson Grigg
142. Iris Elaine Grigg, b. 21 Mar 1922 md Harlo Brown
143. Paul Vern Brown, b 25 Oct 1958 md Susan Darlene Ellis
144. Samuel Vern Brown, b. 15 Oct 1983