CMT Review
7th Grade Science Concepts
Section 1
Forces and Motion
Forces and Motion
– What makes objects
j
move the wayy theyy do?
•
Grade Level Concept: An unbalanced force acting on an object
changes its speed and/or direction of motion.
Describe the object
object’ss motion in each graph.
graph
Forces and Motion
– What makes objects move the way they do?
•
Grade Level Concept: An unbalanced force acting on an object
changes its speed and/or direction of motion.
What is the net force for each illustration?
Forces in opposite
directions are
subtracted; forces in the
same direction are
added.
Forces and Motion
– What makes objects move the way they do?
•
Grade Level Concept: An unbalanced force acting on an object
changes its speed and/or direction of motion.
What’s going on here?
Forces and Motion
– What makes objects move the way they do?
•
Grade Level Concept: An unbalanced force acting on an object
changes its speed and/or direction of motion.
Which
hi h object
bj has
h more inertia?
i
i
A lot of inertia! The large
g train resists
changing its motion.
Very little inertia. The
small baby
y carriage
g has
very little resistance to
changes in motion.
Forces and Motion
– What makes objects move the way they do?
•
Grade
G
d L
Levell Concept:
C
t An
A unbalanced
b l
d force
f
acting
ti on an object
bj t
changes its speed and/or direction of motion.
Both pitchers have the same size ball.
ball
Why does the pitcher on the left throw with more acceleration?
Newton’s Second Law (F = m • a)
More force is produced, hence having more acceleration
Forces and Motion
– What makes objects move the way they do?
•
Grade Level Concept: Objects moving in circles must experience force
acting towards the center.
What law is best demonstrated here?
Acceleration will occur if one force pair
( h off fl
(push
floor/push
/ h off legs)
l ) is
i greater than
h
another force pair (friction/refrigerator).
Forces and Motion
– What makes objects move the way they do?
•
Grade Level Concept: Objects moving in circles must experience force
acting towards the center.
What law is best demonstrated here?
Acceleration will occur if one force pair
( h off fl
(push
floor/push
/ h off legs)
l ) is
i greater than
h
another force pair (friction/refrigerator).
Forces and Motion
– What makes objects move the way they do?
•
Grade Level Concept: Objects moving in circles must experience force
acting towards the center.
What would happen to the yo-yo if the string broke?
CMT Review
7th Grade Science Concepts
Section 2
Energy Transfer and
Transformations
Energy Transfer and Transformations
– What is the role of energy in our world?
•
Grade Level Concept: Work is the process of making objects move
through the application of force.
Energy Transfer and Transformations
– What is the role of energy in our world?
•
Grade Level Concept: Work is the process of making objects move
through the application of force.
How much work did the boy do?
g
He lifted 1000 Newtons 1.3 meters high.
Work done is
the product of
the force of
gravity
(WEIGHT)
times the
height the
object
bj t is
i
lifted.
Energy Transfer and Transformations
– What is the role of energy in our world?
•
Grade Level Concept: Work is the process of making objects move
through the application of force.
What lever will give you the best mechanical advantage?
First Class Lever
Energy Transfer and Transformations
– What is the role of energy in our world?
•
G ade Level
Grade
eve Co
Concept:
cep : Wo
Work iss thee pprocess
ocess oof making
a g objec
objectss move
ove
through the application of force.
F
FE
R
First Class =
Fulcrum
Example
FR
FE
S
Second
d Class
Cl
=
Fulcrum
Example
FE
Third Class =
Example
Fulcrum
FR
Energy Transfer and Transformations
– What is the role of energy in our world?
•
Grade Level Concept: Work is the process of making objects move
through the application of force.
Explain the difference between the purple and green arrows.
arrows
= output force
= input force
Machines do NOT
reduce work. They
reduce the amount of
effort force, speed up the
work and/or change the
work,
direction.
Energy Transfer and Transformations
– What is the role of energy in our world?
•
Grade Level Concept: Work is the process of making objects move
through the application of force.
Explain how the simple machines are used to create
mechanical advantage.
MA = 1
MA = 2
MA = 2
Notice the direction of effort force.
Energy Transfer and Transformations
– What is the role of energy in our world?
•
Grade Level Concept: Work is the process of making objects move
through the application of force.
True or False
Machines are 100 % efficient.
Energy Transfer and Transformations
– What is the role of energy in our world?
•
Grade Level Concept: Energy can be stored in many forms and can be
transformed into the energy of motion.
There are 2 main types of energy
Energy of Motion
Stored Energy
Kinetic Energy
P t ti l Energy
Potential
E
Ek
Ep
Energy Transfer and Transformations
– What is the role of energy in our world?
•
Grade
G
d L
Levell Concept:
C
t Energy
E
can be
b stored
t d in
i many forms
f
andd can be
b
transformed into the energy of motion.
How is the Law of Conservation
being displayed?
The law of conservation
of energy says that
energy is neither
created
t d nor d
destroyed.
t
d
When we use energy,
it doesn’t
doesn t disappear
disappear.
We change it from
one form of energy
into another.
CMT Review
7th Grade Science Concepts
Section 3
Earth in the Solar System
Earth in the Solar System
– How does the position of Earth in the solar system affect
conditions on our planet?
•
Grade Level Concept: Gravity is the force that governs the motions of
objects in the solar system.
The earth rotates on a tilted axis and revolves around the sun.
How do these facts
explain seasons?
Earth in the Solar System
– How does the position of Earth in the solar system affect
conditions
di i
on our planet?
l
?
•
Grade Level Concept: The motion of the Earth and moon relative to
the sun causes daily, monthly and yearly cycles on the Earth
Why
h does
d
it
i get cold
ld in
i winter?
i
Earth in the Solar System
– How does the position of Earth in the solar system affect
conditions
di i
on our planet?
l
?
•
Grade Level Concept: The motion of the Earth and moon relative to
the sun causes daily, monthly and yearly cycles on the Earth
Explain the phases of the moon.
Earth in the Solar System
– How does the position of Earth in the solar system affect
conditions on our planet?
•
Grade Level Concept: The motion of the Earth and moon relative to
the sun causes daily, monthly and yearly cycles on the Earth
What is the difference between a SOLAR eclipse and a LUNAR eclipse?
CMT R
Review
i
7th Grade Science Concepts
S ti 4
Section
Structure and Function
Structure and Function
– How are organisms structured to ensure efficiency and
survival?
i l?
•
Grade Level Concept: All organisms are composed of one or more
cells; each cell carries on life-sustaining functions.
What do all living things have in common?
•Made
M d off cells
ll
that work in
coordination
•Grow and
develop
•Produce waste
•Use energy
gy
•Respond to the
environment/
stimuli
•reproduce
Structure and Function
– How are organisms structured to ensure efficiency and
survival?
i l?
•
Grade Level Concept: All organisms are composed of one or more
cells; each cell carries on life-sustaining functions.
What’s going on in the picture?
The next slide
will
ill provide
id
more
information.
Structure and Function
– How are organisms structured to ensure efficiency and
survival?
i l?
•
Grade Level Concept: All organisms are composed of one or more
cells; each cell carries on life-sustaining functions.
Can you identify and explain any of the cell parts?
Structure and Function
– How are organisms structured to ensure efficiency and
survival?
i l?
•
Grade Level Concept: Multicellular organisms need specialized
structures and systems to perform basic life functions.
Describe the functions of skeletal system.
system
Structure and Function
– How are organisms structured to ensure efficiency and
survival?
i l?
•
Grade Level Concept: Multicellular organisms need specialized
structures and systems to perform basic life functions.
Describe the functions of skeletal system.
system
Structure and Function
– How are organisms structured to ensure efficiency and
survival?
i l?
•
Grade Level Concept: Multicellular organisms need specialized
structures and systems to perform basic life functions.
What does the structure of a joint tell you?
Structure and Function
– How are organisms structured to ensure efficiency and
survival?
i l?
•
Grade Level Concept: Multicellular organisms need specialized
structures and systems to perform basic life functions.
Circulation
between
heart and
lungs
How do
pulmonary and
systemic
circulation differ? Circulation
between
heart and
rest off bodyy
Structure and Function
– How are organisms structured to ensure efficiency and
survival?
i l?
•
Grade Level Concept: Multicellular organisms need specialized
structures and systems to perform basic life functions.
Identify
d if the
h major
j parts off the
h respiratory
i
system.
How is gas exchanged?
Structure and Function
– How are organisms structured to ensure efficiency and
survival?
i l?
•
Grade Level Concept: Multicellular organisms need specialized
structures and systems to perform basic life functions.
What Factors Affect Pulse Rate? Why?
Structure and Function
– How are organisms structured to ensure efficiency and
survival?
i l?
•
Grade Level Concept: Multicellular organisms need specialized
structures and systems to perform basic life functions.
Identify the major parts of the digestive system
system.