ROME UNIT 1 – ROMAN VALUES and EARLY HISTORY Assignment Schedule: W 1/14 [B&D] & Th 1/15 [E&F] Seven Hills of Rome (AR 26-­‐31) Livy – Romulus and Remus (WW 285-­‐287) F 1/16 Roman Values (Martin handout 20-­‐27)* S 1/17 Creating the Republic (AR 32-­‐36) Livy – The Rape of Lucretia (WW 288-­‐289) M 1/19 Livy – Horatius at the Bridge (WW 290-­‐291) Livy – The Bravery of Mucius Scaevola (WW 292-­‐295) T 1/20 Livy – Cincinnatus Leaves his Plow (WW 296-­‐300) Livy – The Noble Behavior of Camillus (WW 301-­‐303) W 1/21 [D&E] & Th 1/22 [F&B] Conflict: Patricians and the Plebs (AR 36-­‐40) Winning Italy (AR 40-­‐43) M 1/27 Polybius – A Greek Analyzes the Roman Constitution (WW 304-­‐310) W1/28 [B&D] & Th 1/29 [E&F] TEST/ESSAY – Rome Unit 1 Test Format (Tentative): 20 Multiple Choice Questions Essay on Roman Values as exhibited in stories from Livy Students may use their Reading Guides for reference on writing exercises, quizzes, and the test. AR = Ancient Rome: Rise & Fall of an Empire – Simon Baker WW = The Western World – Penguin Custom Editions (assorted ancient authors) * = Handout from Ancient Rome – Thomas R. Martin Name: __________________ ROME UNIT 1 – ROMAN VALUES and EARLY HISTORY Due: W 1/14 [B&D] & Th 1/15 [E&F] Seven Hills of Rome (AR 26-­‐31) Livy – Romulus and Remus (WW 285-­‐287) Seven Hills of Rome (AR 26-­‐31) Romulus and Remus Aeneas Roman virtues Virgil Site of the capital Roman kings 753-­‐509 BCE Clans Clients Imperium Livy – Romulus and Remus (WW 285-­‐287) The Etruscan king Amulius seizes power, killing his nephews and making his niece a priestess. But the niece, Rhea Silvia, bore two sons, Romulus and Remus, and claimed that the god Mars was the father. The boys were abandoned, but then suckled by a she-­‐wolf and eventually raised by a shepherd. When they grew older, they kill Amulius and restore their grandfather to the kingship. Together they found a new settlement, but then quarrel over who will have control. Romulus kills Remus and becomes the first king of Rome. Does Livy indicate that he believes Rhea Silvia’s story? Does he indicate that he believes Larentia’s story? What motivation drove Romulus and Remus to oppose Amulius? What motivation drove them to oppose each other? Does Romulus deserve his position as first king of Rome? Name: __________________ ROME UNIT 1 – ROMAN VALUES and EARLY HISTORY Due: F 1/16 Roman Values (Martin handout 20-­‐27)* Roman Values (handout 20-­‐27) Goal of Founders of the Republic Struggles over Sharing Power Mos Maiorum Res Novae Virtus Uprightness for Men Uprightness for Women Fides Pietas Gravitas Dignitas Auctoritas Effect of family status on values Relationship between wealth and moral virtue Patron-­‐Client system Beneficia Officia Amicitia Ideal of enduring obligations Name: __________________ ROME UNIT 1 – ROMAN VALUES and EARLY HISTORY Due: S 1/17 Creating the Republic (AR 32-­‐36) Livy – The Rape of Lucretia (WW 288-­‐289) Creating the Republic (AR 32-­‐36) Tarquinius Lucretia Lucius Junius Brutus The Republic Consuls Dictator Praetor Quaestor Aedile Censor Senate Polybius Livy – The Rape of Lucretia (WW 288-­‐289) Sextus, the son of the Roman king Tarquin, rapes Lucretia, the wife of a Roman noble. Lucretia commits suicide rather than live in dishonor. Brutus pledges to slay the king and end the monarchy in Rome. How does Tarquin think he can get away with the rape? Why does Lucretia decide to kill herself? Why does Brutus make his pledge? Name: __________________ ROME UNIT 1 – ROMAN VALUES and EARLY HISTORY Due: M 1/19 Livy – Horatius at the Bridge (WW 290-­‐291) Livy – The Bravery of Mucius Scaevola (WW 292-­‐295) Livy – Horatius at the Bridge (WW 290-­‐291) Horatius defends a bridge into Rome against an invasion by an Etruscan army. He commands the Roman troops to destroy the bridge behind him while he holds off tha attack. He fights single-­‐handedly before jumping into the river and swimming to safety in the city. What virtue does Horatius display with his actions? What argument does he make against the Etruscan invaders? Does Livy believe the full story? Livy – The Bravery of Mucius Scaevola (WW 292-­‐295) The Etruscans have Rome surrounded in a siege for the first time in her history. Mucius volunteers to sneak into the Etruscan camp in an effort to kill their king, Porsena, but he mistakenly kills the king’s secretary instead. Porsena orders Mucius to be burned alive if he does not reveal the extent of the plot, but Mucius instead places his hand in the fire. His bravery so impresses Porsena that the Etruscans negotiate a peace. What does Mucius hope to show by placing his hand in the fire? When Porsena then spares his life, what advice does Mucius give in return? And how does Porsena then respond? How does Mucius get his nickname, Scaevola? Why do Romans view him as a hero? Name: __________________ ROME UNIT 1 – ROMAN VALUES and EARLY HISTORY Due: T 1/20 Livy – Cincinnatus Leaves his Plow (WW 296-­‐300) Livy – The Noble Behavior of Camillus (WW 301-­‐303) Livy – Cincinnatus Leaves his Plow (WW 296-­‐300) When the Aequian army succeeds in besieging a Roman army and threatening the city, the Senate names Cincinnatus as dictator for a six-­‐month term. Cincinnatus puts down his plow and goes to defend the city, though many of the common people fear that he will keep power for himself. Cincinnatus quickly wins an impressive victory, saving Minucius’ army, but giving him no share in the plunder. The city grants Cincinnatus a triumph, and he then resigns his office after only fifteen days of absolute power. Why do you think the Roman created the office of dictator in the first place? Were the common people right to fear possible abuse? What virtue did Cincinnatus display in leaving his plow to fight for the city? And what virtue did Cincinnatus display in leaving the dictatorship to return to his plow? Which action is most impressive? Livy – The Noble Behavior of Camillus (WW 301-­‐303) Camillus successfully besieges the Etruscan city of Falerii. A Faleriian schoolmaster leads a group of young noble boys out of the city into the Roman camp, seeking to betray his own city and collect a reward. But Camillus refuses to accept these hostages and instead sends them back. In gratitude, the Faleriians decide simply to surrender. What clue does Livy give about Camillus’ character even before the attempted betrayal by the schoolmaster? Why does Camillus refuse to accept the betrayal? What traits do the Faleriians then see in Camillus that makes them willing to surrender? And how did Rome benefit from the arrangement? Name: __________________ ROME UNIT 1 – ROMAN VALUES and EARLY HISTORY Due: W 1/21 [D&E] & Th 1/22 [F&B] Conflict: Patricians and the Plebs (AR 36-­‐40) Patricians Plebeians Wealth Secession of the Plebs Tribunes of the Plebs Conflict of the Orders Tribal Assemblies Assembly of the Centuries Plebeian Assembly Plebiscites SPQR Winning Italy (AR 40-­‐43) Original motivation for war “Just War” Fruits of Conquest Loyalty to Rome Pyrrhus Conflict: Patricians and the Plebs (AR 36-­‐40) Winning Italy (AR 40-­‐43) Name: __________________ ROME UNIT 1 – ROMAN VALUES and EARLY HISTORY Due: M 1/27 Polybius – A Greek Analyzes the Roman Constitution (WW 304-­‐310) Polybius – A Greek Analyzes the Roman Constitution (WW 304-­‐310) Polybius explains how Rome has a perfect blend of aristocracy, democracy, and monarchy. The consuls represent the monarchic element; the Senate is aristocratic; the people are democratic. Each element of the state can work with or against the others. Rome thus can achieve any goal it sets for itself. What powers do the consuls possess? What powers does the Senate possess? And what powers do the people possess? What limitations are there on the power of the consuls? What limitations are there on the powers of the Senate? And what limitations are there on the power of the people? What happens whenever one element of the state grows too ambitious? Do you see any similarities between the Roman and the United States constitutions? W1/28 [B&D] Th 1/29 [E&F] TEST/ESSAY – Rome Unit 1 Test Format (Tentative): 20 Multiple Choice Questions Essay on Roman Values as exhibited in stories from Livy Students may use their Reading Guides for reference on writing exercises, quizzes, and the test. Name: __________________