Ejercicios por Trimestre – Fecha de entrega: martes 9 de diciembre
Ejercitación para el contenido nodal del 1º trimestre
1. Entregar completos los cuestionarios de fin de capitulo de los capítulos 1 (CELL
STRUCTURE) Y 5 (CELL AND NUCLEAR DIVISION)
2. Entregar las respuestas justificadas del siguiente Multiple Choice :
1) Which type of membrane would be present in the largest quantity in a prokaryotic
cell?
A cell surface membrane
B mitochondrial cristae
C nuclear envelope
D smooth endoplasmic reticulum
2) Which type of cell would contain the greatest relative numbers of mitochondria?
A bacterial cell
B mesophyll cell
C muscle cell
D parenchyma cell
3) In a cell that is specialised for secreting protein, which of the following would be
present in relatively large amounts?
A cell surface membrane
B Golgi vesicles
C lysosomes
D smooth endoplasmic reticulum
4) Which structure could be described as a microtubule-organising centre?
A centriole
B Golgi apparatus
C nucleus
D spindle
5) What are microtubules made of?
A cellulose
B DNA
C lipid
D protein
6) Which structure could be found in a plant cell but not in a prokaryotic cell?
A 20 nm ribosomes
B cell surface membrane
C circular DNA
D thylakoid
7) Which organelle makes lysosomes?
A Golgi apparatus
B nucleus
C ribosome
D smooth endoplasmic reticulum
8) A protein that is to be secreted from a cell would pass through a sequence of cell
organelles in the following order:
A Golgi apparatus → rough endoplasmic reticulum → secretory vesicle
B Golgi apparatus → secretory vesicle → rough endoplasmic reticulum
C rough endoplasmic reticulum → Golgi apparatus → secretory vesicle
D secretory vesicle → Golgi apparatus → rough endoplasmic reticulum
9) What explains why organisms use mitosis to produce new cells for growth and
repair?
A Daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cell.
B Daughter cells are not able to divide again.
C Daughter cells have the same genes switched on as the parent cell.
D Daughter cells look identical to the parent cell.
10) Which event in the mitotic cell cycle ensures that daughter cells are genetically
identical?
A A spindle is formed.
B DNA replicates to form sister chromatids.
C The centriole replicates.
D The nuclear envelope disappears.
11) Which two processes in humans require the production of daughter cells that are not
genetically identical to the parent cell?
A gamete production and asexual reproduction
B gamete production and fertilisation
C growth and fertilisation
D growth and repair
12)
Which statement is correct?
A A haploid cell is a eukaryotic cell containing only one of each pair of homologous
chromosomes.
B A haploid cell is a prokaryotic cell containing one complete set of chromosomes.
C A diploid cell is a eukaryotic cell containing only two chromosomes.
D A diploid cell is a prokaryotic cell containing two complete sets of chromosomes
Ejercitación para el contenido nodal del 2º trimestre
1. Entregar completos los cuestionarios de fin de capitulo de los capítulos 8 (MAMMALIAN
TRANSPORT SYSTEM) Y 9 ( THE MAMMALIAN HEART)
2. Entregar las respuestas justificadas del siguiente Multiple Choice
1) Which description of blood vessels is correct?
A Arteries have thick walls of smooth muscle with valves at intervals.
B Arteries near the heart have large numbers of elastic fibres in their thick walls.
C Capillary walls consist of a layer of endothelium surrounded by collagen fibres.
D Small veins have thin walls made entirely of smooth muscle.
2) Which comparison of blood pressures is correct?
A The pressure in arterioles is lower than in venules.
B The pressure in capillaries is lower than in small veins.
C The pressure in small arteries is higher than in large veins.
D The pressure in the vena cava is higher than in capillaries.
3) Which statement about veins is not correct?
A Blood is forced through a semilunar valve by the contraction of smooth muscle fibres in the
wall of the vein.
B Semilunar valves allow blood to move towards the heart but not away from it.
C Semilunar valves are formed from the endothelium and are moved by changes in blood
pressure.
D The pressure needed for blood flow in a vein is produced by contraction of nearby skeletal
muscles.
4) Which of the following describe a phagocyte?
1 lobed nucleus
2 spherical nucleus
3 small granules in the cytoplasm
4 very little cytoplasm
5 smaller than a red blood cell
A 1, 3 and 5 only
B 2, 4 and 5 only
C 1 and 3 only
D 2 and 4 only
5) Which of the following describes a molecule of haemoglobin?
A A molecule made up of four haem groups, each of which binds reversibly to an atom of
oxygen.
B A molecule made up of a single haem group which binds irreversibly with a molecule of
oxygen.
C A protein with quaternary structure, consisting of a single globin polypeptide attached to a
haem group.
D A protein with quaternary structure, consisting of two α- and two β-globin polypeptides, each
attached to a haem group.
6)
The red blood cell count of humans increases when they remain at high altitudes.
What is the effect of this?
A It increases the Bohr effect.
B It compensates for the lack of oxygen at high altitudes.
C It reduces the amount of haemoglobin per red blood cell.
D It increases the percentage saturation of haemoglobin with oxygen.
7) Which of the following describes the mammalian circulation?
A open single circulation
B closed single circulation
C open double circulation
D closed double circulation
8) The right ventricle has much less muscle in its wall than the left ventricle.
What are the consequences of this?
1 The right ventricle develops a much smaller pressure than the left ventricle.
2 The right ventricle delivers a smaller volume of blood than the left ventricle.
3 Blood from the right ventricle travels less far than blood from the left ventricle.
A 1, 2 and 3
B 1 and 2 only
C 1 and 3 only
D 2 and 3 only
9) Which of the following statements is not correct?
A Atrial muscles are connected to the ventricle muscles, except at the atrioventricular node
(AVN).
B Both atria contract at the same time.
C Both ventricles contract at the same time.
D Contraction of the atria is complete before contraction of the ventricles begins.
10) When a heart is removed from a mammal and kept in well-oxygenated buffer
solution at 37 °C, it continues to beat rhythmically.
What may be concluded about the heart from this observation?
A It has an in-built mechanism for initiating contractions.
B It needs a blood supply to be able to contract.
C It needs a stimulus from a nerve to be able to contract.
D It needs a stimulus from a hormone to be able to contract
Ejercitación para el contenido nodal del 3er trimestre
1. Entregar completos los cuestionarios de fin de capítulo de los capítulos 10 ( GAS
EXCHANGE), 11 ( SMOKING )
2. Responder en forma completa las siguientes preguntas del capítulo 12:
12.1 – 12.9 – 12.10 – 12.11 – 12.12 – 12.13 – 12.15 and 12.16
3.
Completar la siguiente tabla sobre Ëbola
PATHOGEN
METHODS OF
TRANSMISSION
GLOBAL
DISTRIBUTION
INCUBATION
PERIOD
SITE OF ACTION OF
PATHOGEN
CLINICAL FEATURES
METHOD OF
DIAGNOSIS
ESTIMATED
NUMBER OF
DEATHS FROM
EBOLA
WORLDWIDE UP TO
2013
4. Entregar las respuestas justificadas del siguiente Multiple Choice
1) Two airways each have smooth muscle in their walls, but only one has cartilage.
What are the airways?
A alveolus and bronchus
B alveolus and trachea
C bronchiole and bronchus
D bronchus and trachea
2)
The mucus secreted into the airways is a solution of the glycoprotein mucin.
Which statement about mucin contains a mistake?
A Carbohydrate chains make mucus sticky enough to trap dust particles.
B Mucus is secreted by goblet cells by the process of endocytosis.
C Carbohydrate chains are added to protein in the Golgi apparatus of goblet cells.
D Mucus is moved over the surface of the airways by the action of ciliated cells.
3)
A carbon dioxide molecule dissociates from haemoglobin and diffuses along the
shortest path into an alveolus.
Assuming that the molecule diffuses through a gap in a capillary wall, how many
phospholipid bilayers did the molecule pass through?
A2
B3
C4
D5
4 ) What maintains the diffusion gradient for the diffusion of oxygen out of an alveolus?
1 binding of oxygen with haemoglobin to form oxyhaemoglobin
2 blood flow bringing a new supply of red blood cells
3 increased surface area of red blood cells as they are forced through narrow capillaries
4 complete replacement of the air in the alveolus with each breath
A 1, 2 and 3 only
B 1, 2 and 4 only
C 2 and 3 only
D3
5 ) What are the adaptations of an alveolus for its role in gas exchange?
1 very thin epithelial walls
2 close contact of walls and capillaries
3 walls with elastic fibres which recoil after stretching, to help force air out
4 stiff walls to prevent collapse of the alveolus when breathing out
A 1, 2 and 3 only
B 1, 2 and 4 only
C 1 and 2 only
D 3 and 4 only
6)
Which event occurring at an alveolus does not require a red blood cell?
A carbon dioxide dissociates from carbaminohaemoglobin
B carbon dioxide is formed from hydrogencarbonate ions
C carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into an air space
D oxygen binds with haemoglobin to form oxyhaemoglobin
7)
Tar in cigarette smoke contains carcinogens and is mostly deposited in the bronchi.
What is the effect of these carcinogens?
A cause mutations in bronchial epithelial cells
B destroy the cilia in the bronchi
C stimulate goblet cells to produce more mucus
D reduce the diameter of the bronchi
8 ) Which component of tobacco smoke binds with haemoglobin to form carboxyhaemoglobin?
A carbon monoxide
B carcinogens
C nicotine
D tar
9) What is not a symptom of emphysema?
A alveoli burst
B alveoli lose elastic fibres
C bronchi are blocked by tumours
D the total surface area of the alveoli is reduced
10) Two lifelong cigarette smokers, X and Y, both have persistent coughs. X also has difficulty
breathing out and Y is getting much thinner. From these symptoms it is possible that:
A X has bronchitis and Y has emphysema.
B X has emphysema and Y has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
C X has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and Y has lung cancer.
D X has lung cancer and Y has bronchitis.
11)
Which of the following explains the increased risk of stroke, caused by smoking
tobacco?
A Carbon monoxide increases the blood pressure and increases the chance of a blood vessel in
the brain bursting.
B Carcinogens increase the blood pressure and increase the chance of a blood vessel in the
brain bursting.
C Nicotine increases the chance of a blood clot blocking a blood vessel in the brain.
D Tars increase the chance of a blood clot blocking a blood vessel in the brain.
12)
Which observation is experimental evidence that smoking tobacco causes lung
cancer?
A Most people who develop cancer are smokers.
B Death rates from lung cancer are highest in people who smoke more than 25 cigarettes per
day.
C Lung cancer was a rare disease until smoking became common in the 20th century.
D When substances extracted from tar in cigarette smoke were painted onto the skin of mice,
the mice developed tumours.
13)
Which dietary factors increase the risk of coronary heart disease?
A high intake of fruit and vegetables
B high intake of saturated fat and cholesterol
C low intake of sodium chloride and alcohol
D moderate intake of unsaturated fat
14)
What would not form part of an effective screening programme for CHD?
A screening for high blood pressure
B screening for high cholesterol
C monitoring heart rhythms
D screening blood samples for bacterial infection