55:035 — Spring 2007
Computer Architecture and Organization
Instructor: Andreas Wahle
1 main () {
printf ("Hello world\n");
}
57:017
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55:035
55:032
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Syllabus (tentative)
January Weeks 1–2: Basics
February 3–5 Instructions and Addressing
6–7 Arithmetic
March 8
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Midterm (3/5/2007, 8:30–9:20am)
—Spring break—
9–10 Memory Design
April 11–13 Central Processing Unit
14–15 Devices and Optimization
May 16 Final (5/11/2007, 9:45–11:45am)
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Administrative Issues
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Scope, syllabus
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Homeworks, exams, grading
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Office hours and contacts
Introduction
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Definitions, history of computing
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Scope of the course
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Overview — what is a computer?
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Representation and handling of data
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Processor examples
(68000, ARM, IA-32; “SISC”)
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How to build a processor?
(arithmetic, CPU design)
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Optimization
(memory management, parallelism)
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Homeworks
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Assigned weekly Wednesdays — due on
Friday of the following week before class
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First assignment posted this Friday
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On paper for theoretical assignments use grade for programming assignments
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CSS account needed by mid February!
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Unless explicitly stated, problems are to be worked on individually
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Grading
15% Homework Assignments
20% Verilog Projects
25% Midterm Exam
35% Final Exam (cumulative)
5% “bad luck bonus”
100%
Final “letter” course grade to be determined by instructor!
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Contact — Teaching Assistant
Keith Pump:
Office: 1313 Seamans Center
E-mail: kpump@engineering.uiowa.edu
Hours: 2:00pm–3:00pm T, W, Th
Contact — Instructor
Andreas Wahle:
Office: 3320 Seamans Center
E-mail: awahle@engineering.uiowa.edu
Phone: (319) 384-0773
Hours: 12:00–1:00pm M, W;
3:00–4:00pm Th
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What is a Computer?
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Definition
Com
• put
• er:
. . . a programmable electronic device designed for performing prescribed operations on data at high speed, esp. one housed with or linked to other devices for inputting, storing, retrieving,
and displaying the data.
c 1997 Random House Webster’s College Dictionary
To be added: general-purpose!
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!
The Pre-Electronic Age
Abacus First calculator,
≈
5000 years ago
≈
1820 Mechanical calculator
Industrialization (looms)
≈
1941 First freely programmable computers based on electro-mechanical relays
•
North America: Mark-I
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Europe: Z3, Colossus
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Mark I (Harvard, IBM) Z3
From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard Mark I
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First Generation: 1945–1955/56
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General scheme for computer architecture by John von Neumann
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Vacuum-tube technology
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Magnetic core memory, tape storage
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Mnemonic code (assembler language)
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ENIAC (1946), UNIVAC I (1951)
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UNIVAC 1107
From http://irb.cs.tu-berlin.de/
∼ zuse/Konrad Zuse
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Second Generation: 1955/56–1964/65
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Invention of the transistor (AT&T, 1948)
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New languages (FORTRAN, COBOL)
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Punch cards or punch tapes
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Magnetic storage devices established
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IBM 1401, UNIVAC 1107, . . .
⇒ birth of computer industry
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UNIVAC 1107
From http://www.fourmilab.ch/documents/univac/
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From http://www.fourmilab.ch/documents/univac/
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Third Generation: 1964/65–1971/75
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Integrated circuits (TI, 1958)
⇒ miniaturization
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Direct access (terminals, dial-up lines)
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Complex operating systems
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Multi-user, multi-tasking
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IBM 360, PDP series, . . .
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Recent Developments
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Multi-core (2, 4, 8) processors
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Virtual machines (revisited)
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Liquid chrystal displays
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Exponential growth . . .
⇒ what’s next?
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Fourth Generation: 1971/75–. . .
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VLSI / ULSI
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Computer on a chip (Intel 4004, 1971)
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Cathode-ray-tube terminals
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Raise of the PC (IBM, 1981)
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Graphical user interfaces
(Xerox / Apple, 1984)
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Overview (next time)
1. Functional units of a computer
2. Representation of data (numbers, etc.)
3. Instruction sets
4. Memory usage
5. . . .
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