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V. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Abbreviation
Chemical Name
Chemical Structure
O
O
O
18-Cr-6
18-crown-6
O
O
O
O
Ac
acetyl
acac
acetylacetonyl
AA
AD
asymmetric aminohydroxylation
asymmetric dihydroxylation
ad
adamantyl
O
O
NA
NA
O
N
ADDP
N N
1,1'-(azodicarbonyl)dipiperidine
N
O
ADMET
NA
acyclic diene metathesis polymerization
O
acaen
N
N,N’-bis(1-methyl-3-oxobutylidene)ethylenediamine
N
O
AIBN
2,2'-azo bisisobutyronitrile
Alloc
allyloxycarbonyl
O
Am
amyl (n-pentyl)
An
p-anisyl
ANRORC
aq
anionic ring-opening ring-closing
aqueous
O
NA
NA
O
AQN
anthraquinone
O
Ar
aryl (substituted aromatic ring)
xvii
N
N N
N
NA
O
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Abbreviation
Chemical Name
Chemical Structure
ATD
aluminum tris(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenoxide)
atm
1 atmosphere = 10 Pa (pressure)
O
Al
3
5
NA
Ph
ATPH
aluminum tris(2,6-diphenylphenoxide)
Al
O
Ph
BBN (9-BBN)
9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (9-BBN)
B
H
B
BCME
9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonyl
bis(chloromethyl)ether
3
B
Cl
O
Cl
O
BCN
BDPP
N-benzyloxycarbonyloxy-5-norbornene-2,3dicarboximide
(2R, 4R) or (2S, 4S) bis(diphenylphosphino)pentane
N O
O
O
O
Ph2P
PPh2
(R)
(R)
BER
NA
borohydride exchange resin
OH
BHT
2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol (butylated hydroxytoluene)
BICP
2(R)-2’(R)-bis(dipenylphosphino)-1(R),1’(R)dicyclopentane
BINAL-H
2,2'-dihydroxy-1,1'-binaphthyl lithium aluminum
hydride
BINAP
2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl
(R) (R)
(R)
(R)
Ph2P
PPh2
O
O
H
Al
Li
H
PPh2
PPh2
xviii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Abbreviation
Chemical Name
BINOL
1,1'-bi-2,2'-naphthol
Chemical Structure
OH
OH
O
S
Bip
biphenyl-4-sulfonyl
bipy
2,2'-bipyridyl
BLA
Brönsted acid assisted chiral Lewis acid
bmin
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cation
BMS
Borane-dimethyl sulfide complex
Bn
benzyl
O
N
N
NA
N
N
H3B SMe2
O
BNAH
1-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide
BOB
4-benzyloxybutyryl
Boc
t-butoxycarbonyl
N
NH2
O
O
O
O
O
BOM
benzyloxymethyl
BOP-Cl
bis(2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl)phosphinic chloride
bp
boiling point
BPD
bis(pinacolato)diboron
O
O
Cl
O
P
N
N
O
O
NA
O
O
B B
O
O
O
O
O
BPO
benzoyl peroxide
BPS (TBDPS)
t-butyldiphenylsilyl
O
Ph
Si
xix
Ph
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Abbreviation
Chemical Name
BQ
benzoquinone
Chemical Structure
O
O
O
Bs
brosyl =
(4-bromobenzenesulfonyl)
BSA
N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide
BSA
Bovine serum albumin
Bt
1- or 2-benzotriazolyl
S
Br
O
O
Si
Si N
NA
N
N
N
F
BTAF
benzyltrimethylammonium fluoride
BTEA
benzyltriethylammonium
BTEAC
benzyltriethylammonium chloride
BTFP
3-bromo-1,1,1-trifluoro-propan-2-one
N
N
Cl
N
F
O
F
F
Br
BTMA
benzyltrimethylammonium
N
BTMSA
bis(trimethylsilyl) acetylene
Si
Si
O
BTS
bis(trimethylsilyl) sulfate
Si
O
benzothiazole 2-sulfonic acid
BTSP
bis(trimethylsilyl) peroxide
Bz
benzoyl
Bu ( Bu)
n
n-butyl
c
cyclo
S
HO S
N
O
Si
O
O
O
NA
xx
Si
O
O
BTSA
O
S
Si
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Abbreviation
Chemical Name
Chemical Structure
ca
NA
CA
circa
(approximately)
chloroacetyl
CAN
cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate (cericammonium
nitrate)
Ce(NH4)2(NO3)6
cat.
catalytic
NA
CB
catecholborane
O
Cl
O
HB
O
H Ph
CBS
Corey-Bakshi-Shibata reagent
N B
Ph
R = H, alkyl
O
R
Cbz (Z)
O
benzyloxycarbonyl
O
cc. or conc.
CCE
NA
concentrated
constant current electrolysis
NA
O
CDI
carbonyl diimidazole
CHD
1,3 or 1,4-cyclohexadiene
N
N
N
1,3-CHD
N
1,4-CHD
Ph
CHIRAPHOS
2,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane
Ph
(S)
P
(S)
P
Ph
Ph
Chx (Cy)
cyclohexyl
Cl
CIP
2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolidinium
hexafluorophosphate
CM (XMET)
cross metathesis
CMMP
cyanomethylenetrimethyl phosphorane
COD
1,5-cyclooctadiene
COT
1,3,5-cyclooctatriene
Cp
cyclopentadienyl
N
NH
PF6
NA
P
N
O
S O
CPTS
collidinium-p-toluenesulfonate
xxi
O
H N
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Abbreviation
Chemical Name
Chemical Structure
CRA
complex reducing agent
NA
Cr-PILC
chromium-pillared clay catalyst
NA
CSA
camphorsufonic acid
O
CSI
SO3H
O
chlorosulfonyl isocyanate
CTAB
cetyl trimethylammonium bromide
CTACl
cetyl trimethylammonium chloride
N
S
Cl
C
O
O
N
N
Cl
C15H31
CTAP
N
cetyl trimethylammonium permanganate
MnO4
C15H31
Δ
d
heat
days (length of reaction time)
DABCO
1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane
NA
NA
N
N
N
N
F
DAST
diethylaminosulfur trifluoride
F S N
F
DATMP
diethylaluminum 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide
N
AlEt2
Ph
DBA (dba)
dibenzylideneacetone
Ph
O
O
DBAD
O
N
di-tert-butylazodicarboxylate
O
N
O
Br
O
N
DBI
dibromoisocyanuric acid
O
NH
N
Br
xxii
O
Br
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Abbreviation
SEARCH TEXT
Chemical Name
Chemical Structure
O
DBM
O
dibenzoylmethane
1
9
DBN
1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene
6
N
4
5
dibenzosuberyl
11
DBU
3
8
7
DBS
2
N
1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene
1
2
3
N
10
9
N
4
7
5
6
8
CN
DCA
9,10-dicyanoanthracene
CN
Cl
DCB
1,2-dichlorobenzene
DCC
dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
DCE
1,1-dichloroethane
Cl
N
C
N
Cl
Cl
DCM
CH2Cl2
dichloromethane
CN
DCN
1,4-dicyanonaphthalene
CN
Dcpm
dicyclopropylmethyl
DCU
N,N’-dicyclohexylurea
O
N
H
N
H
O
NC
DDQ
Cl
2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone
NC
Cl
O
de
diastereomeric excess
xxiii
NA
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Abbreviation
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Chemical Name
Chemical Structure
O
DEAD
diethyl azodicarboxylate
O
N
N
O
O
DEIPS
diethylisopropylsilyl
DEPBT
3-(diethoxyphosphoryloxy)-1,2,3-benzotriazin4(3H)-one
Si
N
O
O
DET
O
OEt
O
N
P
EtO
OH
O
(R)
diethyl tartrate
N
(R)
O
HO
DHP
O
3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran
O
OMe
DHQ
H
dihydroquinine
OH
N
N
H
Et
Et
N
(DHQ)2PHAL
H
bis(dihydroquinino)phthalazine
H
N
N N
O
O
H
H
MeO
OMe
N
N
OMe
DHQD
dihydroquinidine
H
N
OH
H
N
Et
Et
N
H
(DHQD)2PHAL
bis(dihydroquinidino)phthalazine
H
N
N N
O
O
H
OMe
N
N
O
DIAD
diisopropyl azodicarboxylate
N
O
O
N
O
O
DIB
(BAIB or PIDA)
(diacetoxyiodo)benzene
O
I
O
O
xxiv
H
MeO
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Abbreviation
Chemical Name
DIBAL (DIBAH)
DIBAL-H
diisobutylaluminum hydride
DIC
diisopropyl carbodiimide
diop
Chemical Structure
H
Al
N
4,5-bis-[(diphenylphosphanyl)methyl]-2,2-dimethyl[1,3]dioxolane
C
N
O
(R)
PPh2
O
(R)
PPh2
O
DIPAMP
P
1,2-bis(o-anisylphenylphosphino)ethane
P
O
DIPEA
(Hünig's base)
diisopropylethylamine
N
O
DIPT
diisopropyl tartrate
O
OH
(R) (R)
HO
O
O
O
DLP
C10H21
dilauroyl peroxide
O
O
C10H21
O
O
DMA (DMAC)
N,N-dimethylacetamide
DMAD
dimethyl acetylene dicarboxylate
DMAP
N,N-4-dimethylaminopyridine
DMB
m-dimethoxybenzene
N
O
O
O
O
N
N
O
DMDO
dimethyl dioxirane
O
O
O
DME
1,2-dimethoxyethane
xxv
O
O
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Abbreviation
Chemical Name
Chemical Structure
DMF
N,N-dimethylformamide
O
N
H
O
DMI
1,3-dimethylimidazolidin-2-one
N
N
O
DMP
Dess-Martin periodinane
O
I
OAc
AcO OAc
DMPS
Si
dimethylphenylsilyl
N
1,3-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2(1H)-pyrimidone
DMPU
N
(N,N-dimethyl propylene urea)
DMTSF
dimethyl(methylthio)sulfonium tetrafluoroborate
S
Me
O
Me
S
BF4
Me
DMS
dimethylsulfide
DMSO
dimethylsulfoxide
DMT
4,4’-dimethoxytrityl
S
O
S
O
O
O
DMTMM
4-(4,6-dimethoxy[1,3,5]triazin-2-yl)-4methylmorpholinium chloride
N
O
N
N
N
O
Cl
DMTr
4,4’-dimethyltrityl
DMTST
(dimethylthio)methylsulfonium
trifluoromethanesulfonate
S
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid
xxvi
S
O F
O S
S
O F
NA
F
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Abbreviation
Chemical Name
DPA (DIPA)
diisopropylamine
Chemical Structure
N
H
DPBP
2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphino)biphenyl
(S)
Ph2P PPh2
O
DPDC
diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate
O
O
O
O
O
NN+
DPDM
diphenyl diazomethane
H2N
DPEDA
NH2
(R) (R)
1,2-diamino-1,2-diphenylethane
Ph
DPIBF
diphenylisobenzofuran
O
Ph
DPPA
diphenylphosphoryl azide (diphenylphosphorazidate)
O
O
Dppb (ddpb)
1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane
P
O
N N+ N-
Ph2P
PPh2
dppe
1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane
dppf
1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene
PPh2
Ph2P
PPh2
Fe
PPh2
dppm
bis(diphenylphosphino)methane
dppp
1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane
DPS
(also TBDPS or
BPS)
t-butyldiphenylsilyl
Ph2P
PPh2
Ph2P
PPh2
Si
xxvii
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Abbreviation
Chemical Name
DPTC
O,O’-di(2’-pyridyl)thiocarbonate
dr
diastereomeric ratio
DTBAD (DBAD)
di-tert-butyl azodicarboxylate
Chemical Structure
S
N
O
O
N
NA
O
N
O
O
N
O
DTBB
4,4’-di-tert-butylbiphenyl
DTBP
2,6-di-tert-butylpyridine
DTBMP
2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylpyridine
N
N
OH
DTE
1,4-dithioerythritol
SH
SH
DVS
OH
Me
1,3-divinyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane
O
Si
Me
+
E
E2
ED
electrophile (denotes any electrophile in general)
bimolecular elimination
effective dosage
EDA
ethyl diazoacetate
Me
Si
Me
NA
NA
NA
O
N+
O
EDDA
ethylenediamine diacetate
OAc
NH3
H3N
OAc
EDC (EDAC)
1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide
(ethyldimethylaminopropylcarbodiimide)
N
EDCI
1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide
hydrochloride
N
C
C
N-
N
N
N
NH
Cl
PO3H2
EDCP
2,3-bis-phosphonopentanedioic acid
(ethylene dicarboxylic 2,3-diphosphonic acid)
EDG
electron-donating group
EDTA
ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid
HOOC
COOH
PO3H2
NA
HOOC
HOOC
N
N
COOH
xxviii
COOH
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Abbreviation
Chemical Name
Chemical Structure
ee
enantiomeric excess
ethoxyethyl
NA
O
EE
NA
Ei
intramolecular syn elimination
en
ethylenediamine
EOM
ethoxymethyl
O
ESR
electron spin resonance (spectroscopy)
NA
Et
ethyl
ETSA
ethyl trimethylsilylacetate
H2N
NH2
O
Si
O
EVE
ethyl vinyl ether
O
EWG
electron-withdrawing group
NA
Fc
ferrocenyl
Fe
H2O3POH2C
FDP
fructose-1,6-diphosphate
H
O
HO
HO
H
OH
CH2OPO3H2
H
F
FDPP
pentafluorophenyl diphenylphosphinate
F
F
O
F
Ph P O F
Ph
Fl
fluorenyl
FMO
frontier molecular orbital (theory)
NA
O
O
Fmoc
9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl
F
F
fod
6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptafluoro-2,2-dimethyl-3,5octanedione
F
F F
F O
O
F
NA
fp
FSM
flash point
Mesoporous silica
FTT
1-fluoro-2,4,6-trimethylpyridinium triflate
NA
O F
N FO S
O F
xxix
F
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Abbreviation
Chemical Name
Chemical Structure
FVP
GEBC
h
hν
flash vacuum pyrolysis
gel entrapped base catalyst
hours (length of reaction time)
irradiation with light
NA
NA
NA
NA
PF6
HATU
Het
O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N’,N’tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate
N
O+
N
N
N
N N
NA
heterocycle
O
hfacac
hexafluoroacetylacetone
F3 C
CF3
F F
F
HFIP
O
1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol
(hexafluoroisopropanol)
F
F
F
OH
HO
HGK
4-hydroxy-2-ketoglutarate
O
O
O O
Hgmm
HLE
millimeter of mercury (760 Hgmm = 1 atm = 760 Torr)
horse liver esterase
Hmb
2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl
HMDS
1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyldisilazane
HMPA
hexamethylphosphoric acid triamide
(hexamethylphosphoramide)
O
NA
NA
O
OH
Si
H
N
Si
N
N P N
O
N
HMPT
hexamethylphosphorous triamide
N
P
N
N
HOAt
N
1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole
N
N
OH
N
HOBt (HOBT)
N
1-hydroxybenzotriazole
N
OH
HOMO
highest occupied molecular orbital
HOSu
N-hydroxysuccinimide
HPLC
HWE
i
high-pressure liquid chromatography
Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons
iso
xxx
NA
OH
O
N
NA
NA
NA
O
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abbreviation
SEARCH TEXT
Chemical Name
Chemical Structure
O
IBA
I
2-iodosobenzoic acid
O
HO
O
IBX
o-iodoxybenzoic acid
O
I
HO
IDCP
bis(2,4,6-collidine)iodonium perchlorate
Imid (Im)
imidazole
INOC
intramolecular nitrile oxide cycloaddition
IPA
isopropyl alcohol
Ipc
isopinocamphenyl
IR
K-10
infrared spectroscopy
a type of Montmorillonite clay
KDA
potassium diisopropylamide
KHMDS
potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide
KSF
L
a type of Montmorillonite clay
ligand
L.R.
Lawesson’s reagent (2,4-bis-(4-methoxyphenyl)[1,3,2,4]dithiadiphosphetane 2,4-dithion)
N
O
I+ N
ClO4-
HN
N
NA
HO
H
NA
NA
K
N
K
N
Si
Si
NA
NA
S
S P
MeO
OMe
P S
S
NA
LA
LAB
Lewis acid
lithium amidotrihydroborate
LAH
lithium aluminum hydride
LiAlH4
LD50
dose that is lethal to 50% of the test subjects (cells,
animals, humans etc.)
NA
LDA
lithium diisopropylamide
LiH2NBH3
N
LDBB
lithium 4,4’-t-butylbiphenylide
xxxi
Li
Li
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Abbreviation
Chemical Name
Chemical Structure
LDE
lithium diethylamide
LDPE
lithium perchlorate-diethyl etherate
LHMDS
(LiHMDS)
lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide
LICA
lithium isopropylcyclohexylamide
Li
N
LiClO4 - Et2O
Li
N
Si
Si
N
Li
LICKOR (super
base)
liq.
butyllithium-potassium tert-butoxide
BuLi - KOt-Bu
liquid
NA
LiTMP
(LTMP)
lithium 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide
LPT
lithium pyrrolidotrihydroborate
(lithium pyrrolidide-borane)
L-selectride
lithium tri-sec-butylborohydride
LTA
lead tetraacetate
Pb(OAc)4
LUMO
lowest unoccupied molecular orbital
NA
lut
2,6-lutidine
m
meta
MA
maleic anhydride
MAD
methyl aluminum bis(2,6-di-t-butyl-4methylphenoxide)
Li
N
Li(CH 2)4NBH3
BH
Li
N
NA
O
O
O
O
AlMe
2
MAT
methyl aluminum bis(2,4,6-tri-t-butylphenoxide)
O
AlMe
2
xxxii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abbreviation
SEARCH TEXT
Chemical Name
Chemical Structure
S
MBT
2-mercaptobenzothiazole
HS
N
COOOH
m-CPBA
meta chloroperbenzoic acid
Cl
CH3
Me
methyl
MEM
(2-methoxyethoxy)methyl
O
O
O
MEPY
methyl 2-pyrrolidone-5(S)-carboxylate
Mes
mesityl
H
N
O
O
HO
mesal
N-methylsalicylaldimine
N
MIC
methyl isocyanate
O C N
O
O
MMPP
(MMPT)
magnesium monoperoxyphthalate
Mg2+ O
O
O
O
MOM
methoxymethyl
MoOPH
mp
MPa
oxodiperoxomolybdenum(pyridine)(hexamethylphosphoric triamide)
melting point
6
megapascal = 10 Pa = 10 atm (pressure)
NA
NA
O
MPD
(NMP)
N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone
MPM
methoxy(phenylthio)methyl
MPM
(PMB)
p-methoxybenzyl
N
O
S
O
xxxiii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abbreviation
SEARCH TEXT
Chemical Name
Chemical Structure
Cl
MPPC
NH
O Cr O
N-methyl piperidinium chlorochromate
O
O
S CH3
Ms
mesyl (methanesulfonyl)
MS
MS
mass spectrometry
molecular sieves
NA
MSA
methanesulfonic acid
HO S CH3
MSH
o-mesitylenesulfonyl hydroxylamine
O
NA
O
O
H
N
HO
O
S
O
O
F
MSTFA
N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide
Si
N
F
F
O
MTAD
O
N-methyltriazolinedione
N
N N
MTEE
(MTBE)
methyl t-butyl ether
MTM
methylthiomethyl
MTO
methyltrioxorhenium
O
S
O
O Re CH3
O
Me
Mtr
Me
O
(4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl)sulfonyl
S
OMe
O
Me
MVK
methyl vinyl ketone
O
mw
n
NA
microwave
normal (e.g. unbranched alkyl chain)
NA
H O
H
NH2
N
O
O
NH2
NADPH
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
OH OH
O
O
P O P O
OH
OH
N
N
N
N
O
O
OH O P OH
OH
xxxiv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abbreviation
SEARCH TEXT
Chemical Name
Chemical Structure
Na
NaHMDS
sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide
Naph
(Np)
naphthyl
N
Si
Si
O
NBA
N-bromoacetamide
NBD
(nbd)
norbornadiene
Br
N
H
O
NBS
N-bromosuccinimide
N Br
O
O
NCS
N Cl
N-chlorosuccinimide
O
Nf
nonafluorobutanesulfonyl
O
F
F
O
F
F
S
F
F
F
F
F
O
NHPI
N-hydroxyphthalimide
N OH
O
I
N
O
NIS
N-iodosuccinimide
NMM
N-methylmorpholine
NMO
N-methylmorpholine oxide
O
N
O
O
N
O
O
NMP
N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone
NMR
nuclear magnetic resonance
NORPHOS
bis(diphenylphosphino)bicyclo[2.2.1]-hept-5-ene
N
NA
Ph2P
PPh2
O
Nos
4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl
S
O
xxxv
O
N
O
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abbreviation
SEARCH TEXT
Chemical Name
Chemical Structure
O
NPM
N-phenylmaleimide
N
O
NA
NR
no reaction
Ns
2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl
O
O N
O
S
O
NSAID
Nuc
o
non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
nucleophile (general)
ortho
NA
Oxone
potassium peroxymonosulfate
KHSO5
p
para
NA
NA
NA
R
PAP
R
N R
N
P
N
2,8,9-trialkyl-2,5,8,9-tetraaza1-phospha-bicyclo[3.3.3]undecane
N
PBP
pyridinium bromide perbromide
PCC
pyridinium chlorochromate
N
Br3
H
O
PDC
pyridinium dichromate
PEG
polyethylene glycol
N
H
N
H
Cl
O
Cr
O
O
O
O
Cr
Cr
O
O
O O
NA
Ph
Pf
9-phenylfluorenyl
pfb
perfluorobutyrate
F
F
Ph
phenyl
PHAL
phthalazine
F O
F
O
F F
F
N
N
phen
9,10-phenanthroline
N N
xxxvi
N
H
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abbreviation
SEARCH TEXT
Chemical Name
Chemical Structure
O
C
Phth
phthaloyl
C
O
pic
2-pyridinecarboxylate
O
O
N
O
PIDA
(BAIB or DIB)
phenyliodonium diacetate
O
I
O
O
O
PIFA
F3C
phenyliodonium bis(trifluoroacetate)
O
O
I
O
CF3
Piv
pivaloyl
PLE
pig liver esterase
PMB
(MPM)
p-methoxybenzyl
PMP
4-methoxyphenyl
PMP
1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidine
O
NA
O
O
Me
Me
N
Me
Me
Me
PNB
O
p-nitrobenzyl
N
O
O
PNZ
p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl
O
O
N
O
PPA
polyphosphoric acid
PPI
2-phenyl-2-(2-pyridyl)-2H-imidazole
NA
N
N
N
PPL
pig pancreatic lipase
PPO
4-(3-phenylpropyl)pyridine-N-oxide
PPSE
polyphosphoric acid trimethylsilyl ester
xxxvii
NA
O N
Ph
NA
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abbreviation
SEARCH TEXT
Chemical Name
Chemical Structure
O
PPTS
S O
pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate
Pr
propyl
psi
pounds per square inch
N
H
O
NA
N N
PT
1-phenyl-1H-tetrazol-yl
N N
Ph
NA
P.T.
proton transfer
PTAB
phenyltrimethylammonium perbromide
PTC
Phase transfer catalyst
PTMSE
(2-phenyl-2-trimethylsilyl)ethyl
PTSA
(or TsOH)
p-toluenesulfonic acid
PVP
poly(4-vinylpyridine)
Py
(pyr)
r.t.
rac
pyridine
N
Br3
NA
Si
HO3S
CH3
NA
N
NA
room temperature
racemic
NA
NH2
N
RAMP
(R)-1-amino-2-(methoxymethyl)pyrrolidine
RaNi
Raney nickel
NA
RB
RCAM
RCM
Rds (or RDS)
Rose Bengal
ring-closing alkyne metathesis
ring-closing metathesis
rate-determining step
See Rose bengal
Red-Al
sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy) aluminum hydride
(R)
O
NA
NA
NA
O
O
O
O Al H
H
H
O Me
O
O H
O H
Rham
rhamnosyl
Rf
perfluoroalkyl group
CnF2n+1
Rf
retention factor in chromatography
NA
ROM
ring-opening metathesis
NA
ROMP
ring-opening metathesis polymerization
NA
xxxviii
Na
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abbreviation
SEARCH TEXT
Chemical Name
Chemical Structure
I
I
O
Rose Bengal
(RB)
2,4,5,7-tetraiodo-3',4',5',6'-tetrachlorofluorescein
disodium salt
O
O
I
I
Cl
2 Na
COO
(a photosensitizer)
Cl
Cl
Cl
s
seconds (length of reaction time)
S,S,-chiraphos
(S,S)-2,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane
NA
PPh2
(S)
(S)
PPh2
Salen
N,N’-ethylenebis(salicylideneiminato)
bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine
N
N
OH
salophen
N
o-phenylenebis(salicylideneiminato)
N
OH
SAMP
(S)-1-amino-2-(methoxymethyl)pyrrolidine
HO
HO
NH2
N
O
SC CO2
supercritical carbon-dioxide
SDS
sodium dodecylsulfate
NA
O Na
O S O
O
NA
sec
secondary
SEM
2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethyl
SES
2-[(trimethylsilyl)ethyl]sulfonyl
Si
O
O
Si
S
O
SET
single electron transfer
Sia
1,2-dimethylpropyl (secondary isoamyl)
SPB
sodium perborate
NA
Na BO3
xxxix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abbreviation
TADDOL
SEARCH TEXT
Chemical Name
1
Chemical Structure
H
1
2,2-dimethyl-α,α,α , α -tetraaryl-1,3-dioxolane-4,5dimethanol
O
OH
Ar
Ar
Ar
(R)
(R)
O
H
Ar
OH
NEt2
TASF
tris(diethylamino)sulfonium difluorotrimethylsilicate
TBAB
tetra-n-butylammonium bromide
Et2N
S
SiMe3F2
NEt2
N
Br
TBAF
tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride
Bu4N F
TBAI
tetra-n-butylammonium iodide
Bu4N I
Br
TBCO
tetrabromocyclohexadienone
Br
O
Br
Br
TBDMS
(TBS)
t-butyldimethylsilyl
TBDPS
(BPS)
t-butyldiphenylsilyl
TBH
tert-butyl hypochlorite
O
TBHP
tert-butyl hydroperoxide
O
TBP
tributylphosphine
Si
Si
Cl
OH
P
N N
TBT
N N
1-tert-butyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl
t-Bu
TBTH
tributyltin hydride
TBTSP
t-butyl trimethylsilyl peroxide
H
Sn
xl
Si
O
O
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abbreviation
SEARCH TEXT
Chemical Name
Chemical Structure
O
TCCA
trichloroisocyanuric acid
Cl
N
Cl
N
O
N
O
Cl
S
TCDI
thiocarbonyl diimidazole
N
N
N
TCNE
TCNQ
N
N
N
N
N
tetracyanoethylene
NC
CN
NC
CN
7,7,8,8-tetracyano-para-quinodimethane
Si
TDS
dimethyl thexylsilyl
TEA
triethylamine
TEBACl
benzyl trimethylammonium chloride
TEMPO
2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy free radical
N
Cl
N
N
O•
Teoc
2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxycarbonyl
O
Si
O
O
TEP
triethylphosphite
TES
triethylsilyl
P O
O
Si
F
trifluoromethanesulfonyl
F
TFA
trifluoroacetic acid
F
Tfa
trifluoroacetamide
F
Tf
xli
O
S
F
O
F
OH
F
O
F
NH2
F
O
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abbreviation
SEARCH TEXT
Chemical Name
Chemical Structure
O
O
F
TFAA
TFE
trifluoroacetic anhydride
F
O
F
F
F
F
2,2,2-trifluoroethanol
OH
F
TFMSA
trifluoromethanesulfonic acid
(triflic acid)
TFP
tris(2-furyl)phosphine
F
F O
S OH
F
F O
O
P
O
O
S
Th
2-thienyl
thexyl
1,1,2-trimethylpropyl
THF
tetrahydrofuran
THP
2-tetrahydropyranyl
TIPB
1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene
TIPS
triisopropylsilyl
TMAO (TMANO)
trimethylamine N-oxide
TMEDA
N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine
TMG
1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine
O
O
Si
N+ O-
N
N
N
N
NH
TMGA
tetramethylguanidinium azide
N
N
NH2
N3
xlii
F
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abbreviation
SEARCH TEXT
Chemical Name
Chemical Structure
O
Tmob
2,4,6-trimethoxybenzyl
O
O
TMP
2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine
TMS
trimethylsilyl
TMSA
trimethylsilyl azide
TMSEE
(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl ether
TMU
tetramethylurea
N
H
Si
Si
N
N+
N-
Si
Si
O
N
N
O
-
O
-
O
N+
O
O
N+
O
N+ O
O
O
TNM
tetranitromethane
Tol
p-tolyl
tolbinap
2,2'-bis(di-p-tolylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl
+
N
2
P
P
2
O
N
TPAP
tetra-n-propylammonium perruthenate
TPP
triphenylphosphine
O Ru O
O
P
Ph
NH
TPP
5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin
N
Ph
Ph
N
HN
Ph
xliii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SEARCH TEXT
Abbreviation
Chemical Name
Chemical Structure
TPS
triphenylsilyl
Si
Tr
trityl (triphenylmethyl)
C
Trisyl
2,4,6-triisopropylbenzenesulfonyl
O
S
O
Troc
2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl
Cl
Cl
O
Cl
O
TS
transition state (or transition structure)
Ts (Tos)
p-toluenesulfonyl
NA
O
S
O
TSE (TMSE)
2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl
TTBP
2,4,5-tri-tert-butylpyrimidine
Si
N
N
TTMSS
tris(trimethylsilyl)silane
Si
Si SiH
Si
TTN
thallium(III)-trinitrate
Tl(NO3)3
UHP
urea-hydrogen peroxide complex
H2 N
NH2
H2O2
O
O
Vitride
(Red-Al)
sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminum hydride
O
O
O Al H
Na
H
wk
weeks (length of reaction time)
Z (Cbz)
benzyloxycarbonyl
NA
O
O
xliv