Powers
UNIT 4 The 1920’s and The Great Depression 1919-1940
Chapter 12
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Identify the issues that troubled Americans in the years after WWI.
Consider why President Warren G. Harding’s promise of a return to normalcy was attractive to so many Americans.
Describe the economic developments that took place in the 1920s.
Chapter 13
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Describe differences between urban & rural areas.
Address the changing role of women.
Consider the influence of popular culture, mass media, and cultural movements such as the Harlem Renaissance.
Chapter 14
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Identify the weaknesses in the American economy exposed by the 1929 stock market crash.
Discuss the impact that the Great Depression had on the lives of Americans.
Outline the actions taken by President Hoover to combat the Great Depression and consider how successful they were.
Chapter 15
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· Explain how the New Deal attempted to solve the problems of the Great Depression.
· Discuss how New Deal policies affected various groups.
· Describe the impact of the New Deal.
Supreme Court Case(s)
What was the economic trend of the time period (economic opportunity?)
1. The Fordney-McCumber Tariff in 1922 affects other countries. High tax on
imports made it impossible for Britain & France to sell their goods in the U.S.
2. Economic problems hidden by the business boom of the1920s. consumer
debt, installment plans, low interest rates
3. 1929 income distribution – only 6% of Americans earned more than $5000/yr. Most
Americans earned less than 2000/yr
4. Farmers lost their land, incomes failed in the 1920s
5. Danger of buying stocks on margin
6. Black Tuesday-Oct. 29, 1929
7. Banks failed after the stock market crashed, people panicked
9. People in the cities and in rural areas suffered during the Great Depression-lost
homes, jobs, bread lines, drought in the Great Plains
10. The Great Depression affected families,-economic strain
11. Actions Hoover took to improve the economy
12. Three goals of the New Deal-relief, recovery, reform
13. New Deal programs provide help to different groups of Americans
14. Conseratives criticized the New Deal
Voting Rights- 19th Amendment Women got the right to vote
Race/ethnicity/immigration
1. What was the quota system? Limited # of immigrants- Emergency Quota Act of
1921, 1924 quota limits
Political – Pres power & change in politics during time period
a. Amendments
1. 18 Amendment – Ban on alcohol, 1920
2. 21 Amendment – Repeal of Prohibition, 1933
b. America in World Affairs
c. Public policy and reaction to it
1. What does the Teapot Dome scandal tell about President Harding? His administration
included corrupt men-poor judgment.
Change in how America is (technology/society)
1. Attitudes prevalent in America after WW1- Nativism & Isolationism
2. Fear of communism- Sacco & Vanzetti case, General Mitchell Palmer rounding up
communists and anarchists
3. Union membership declines
4. Automobile changed American life- roads, new businesses rural families less isolated,
independence
5. Advertising changes American life by using Psychology
6. Prohibition affects the nation. Disrespect for the law, rise to organized crime
7. Fundamentalist beliefs lead to the Scopes trial.
8. The flapper represent the spirit of the twenties
9. Women’s roles in the workplace change
10. Charles A. Lindbergh becomes an American idol
11. Effect of increased literacy in the U. S.
12. The NAACP (peaceful protests against lynching) and Marcus Garvey’s (separate
society) response to racial discrimination
13. The NAACP is the National Association for the Advancement of Colored people.
14. Contributions of artists of the Harlem Renaissance.
15. The New Deal expanded and limited opportunities for women.
16. African Americans make gains during the New Deal
17. Mexican Americans and Native Americans and the New Deal
18. Native Americans benefited from laws that strengthened their land claims.
19. The New Deal coalition was a group of voters, including Southerners, urban people,
urban people, African Americans * union members who supported the New Deal.
20. Movies and radio were popular during the Depression, because they were inexpensive
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and an escape from the problems of Depression life.
21. The Federal Arts Project (FAP) & the Federal Writers Project (FWP)
are two New Deal programs that supported the arts.
22. Liberals and conservatives criticize the New Deal
21. One of the most important and continuing benefits of the New Deal is the Social Security system.
7. Migration patterns/geography
1. The Great Migration- Harlem Renaissance-Between 1910 and 1920 African Americans moving from the South to the big cities of the North
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Terms
Chapter 12
nativism Suspicion of foreign-born people
isolationism Pulling away from world affairs
communism An economic system that supports government control over property to
create equality
anarchists People who opposed any form of government
Sacco and Vanzetti Immigrant anarchists accused of murder
quota system A system that established the maximum number of people who could
enter the United States from each country
John L. Lewis President of the United Mine Workers
Warren G. Harding 29th president of the United States
Charles Evans Hughes Secretary of state under Harding
Fordney-McCumber Tariff High tax on imports adopted in 1922
Ohio gang Harding’s friends and advisors
Teapot Dome scandal Scandal surrounding Albert Fall
Albert B. Fall Secretary of the interior under Harding
Kellogg-Briand Pact In 1928, 64 nations signed Pact saying they would give up war as national policy
Calvin Coolidge President of the U.S. (1923–1929) succeeded to presidency on death
of Harding, elected in 1924
urban sprawl The outward expansion of cities
installment plan An easy way to borrow money to buy goods
Chapter 13
Prohibition The era that prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages
speakeasy Hidden saloons and nightclubs that illegally sold liquor
bootlegger Smugglers who brought alcohol in from Canada and the Caribbean
fundamentalism Religious movement based on the belief that everything written in the
Bible was literally true
Clarence Darrow Famous trial lawyer
Scopes trial Trial of John Scopes for teaching evolution
flapper Young woman who embraced the new fashions and values of the 1920s
double standard Set of principles granting one group more freedom than another group
Charles A. Lindbergh First person to fly solo across the Atlantic
George Gershwin Composer
Georgia O’Keeffe Artist
Sinclair Lewis Novelist
F. Scott Fitzgerald Novelist
Edna St. Vincent Millay Poet
Ernest Hemingway Novelist
James Weldon Johnson Poet and civil rights leader
Marcus Garvey Black nationalist leader
Harlem Renaissance African-American artistic movement
Claude McKay Poet
Langston Hughes Poet
Zora Neale Hurston Anthropologist and author
Paul Robeson Actor, singer, and civil-rights leader
Louis Armstrong Jazz musician
Duke Ellington Jazz musician
Bessie Smith Blues singer
Chapter 14
price support Law that keeps prices above a set level
credit Short-term loans to buy goods with promises to pay later
Alfred E. Smith Democratic presidential candidate in 1928
Dow Jones Industrial Average Index of stock prices of select companies
speculation Investments in high-risk ventures
buying on margin Buying stock by paying only a portion of the full cost up-front with
promises to pay the rest later
Black Tuesday October 29,1929, the day the stock market crashed
Great Depression Period of bad economic times in the United States that lasted from
1929 to 1940
Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act Law that raised taxes on imports and worsened the
Depression
shantytown A neighborhood where people live in shacks
soup kitchen Place where free food is served to the needy
bread line A line of people waiting for free food
Dust Bowl Area of the Great Plains made worthless for farming by drought and dust
storms in the 1930s
direct relief Money or food given directly from the government to the needy
Herbert Hoover 31st president
Boulder Dam Dam on the Colorado River built during the Depression to create jobs
Federal Home Loan Bank Act Law passed in 1931 to reduce mortgage rates to save
farmers from foreclosure
Reconstruction Finance Corporation Agency established in 1932 to provide
emergency relief to large businesses, insurance companies, and banks
Bonus Army Unemployed World War I veterans who marched to Washington to
demand their war bonuses
Chapter 15
Franklin Delano Roosevelt 32nd president
New Deal Franklin Roosevelt’s programs to end the Depression
Glass-Steagall Act Law that created insurance for bank deposits
Federal Securities Act Law to regulate stock information
Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) Programs to help farmers
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) Program to employ young men in work projects
National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) Programs to help industry
deficit spending Spending more than the government receives in revenue
Huey Long Political leader from Louisiana who criticized the New Deal
Frances Perkins Secretary of labor
Mary McLeod Bethune Head of the Office of Minority Affairs in the NYA
John Collier Commissioner on Indian Affairs
New Deal coalition Voters from different groups that supported the Democratic party
because of the New Deal
Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) Labor union
Gone With the Wind Popular movie
Orson Welles Actor, director, and filmmaker
Grant Wood Artist
Richard Wright Author
The Grapes of Wrath Novel by John Steinbeck
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) Insurance for savings
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Agency to regulate stock markets
National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) Agency to regulate business
parity An equal or fair amount
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Regional work project of lasting value