AP Government
Schultz
AP EXAM REVIEW – THE NUTS AND BOLTS
Supreme Court Cases:
Affecting Congressional Power
Marbury v. Madison
McCulloch v. Maryland
Gibbons v. Ogden
Wesberry v. Sanders
Powell v. McCormack
Affecting Executive Power
The Prize Cases
Mississippi v. Johnson
In re Debs
United States v. Curtiss-Wright Export Corporation
US v. Nixon
Clinton v. City of New York
Concerning Suffrage and Elections
Wesberry v. Sanders
Oregon v. Mitchell
Buckley v. Valeo
Citizens United v. Federal Elections Commission
Affecting the Press/Media
Near v. Minnesota
New York Times v. Sullivan
Branzburg v. Hayes
Miami Herald v. Tormillo
NY Times v. US
Affecting Civil Liberties
Barron v. Baltimore
Schenck v. US
Gitlow v. New York
Thornhill v. Alabama
Dennis v. US
Zorauch v. Clauson
Mapp v. Ohio
Engel v. Vitale
School District of Abington Township v. Schempp
Miranda v. Arizona
Lemon v. Kurtzman
Furman v. Georgia
Griswold v. Connecticut
Affecting Civil Rights
Dred Scott v. Sanford
Plessy v. Ferguson
Sweat v. Painter
Brown v. Board of Ed.
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenberg County Board of Ed.
Planned Parenthood of Central Missouri v. Danforth
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
Potpourri Cases to Know:
Munn v. Illinois
Roe v. Wade/Hyde Amendment
US v. Morrison
Printz v. US
US v. Lopez
Texas v. Johnson
Lawrence v. Texas
Rostker v. Goldberg
Bush v. Gore
Korematsu v. US
Youngstown v. Sawyer
ACTS OF CONGRESS to KNOW:
Dealing with Federalism
Commerce Clause
Necessary and Proper Clause
Americans with Disabilities Act (mandate)
Civil Rights Act of 1964 (mandate)
Supremacy Clause
No Child Left Behind
Dealing with Civil Liberties/Civil Rights
Sedition Act of 1789
Espionage and Sedition Acts, 1917-18
Patriot Act
Amendments 1-10
13, 14, 15th Amendments
19th Amendment
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Civil Rights Act of 1968
Civil Rights Act of 1972
Other Acts to Know:
Hatch Act (1939)
Campaign Finance Act of 1974
Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (McCain-Feingold)
Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act (1946)
Budget Reform Act (1947)
Pendleton Act (1883)
Civil Service Reform Act (1978)
Freedom of Information Act (1966)
Government Performance and Results Act (1993)
Sherman/Clayton Anti-Trust Acts
War Powers Act (1973)
Wagner Act vs. Taft Hartley Act
Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)
Securities and Exchange Act (1934)
Aid to Families with Dependent Children
Earned Income Tax Credit
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
Vocabulary to know:
Authority
Bureaucratic view
Democracy
Direct (participatory) democracy
Constitutional Convention
Enumerated powers
Ex post facto law
Bill of Attainder
Bill of Rights
Checks and balances
Coalition
Concurrent powers
Block grants
Conditions of aid
Devolution
Dual federalism
civic competence
civic duty
class consciousness
Clear and present danger test
Due process of law
Equal protection of the law
Establishment clause
Exclusionary rule
Affirmative action
Civil disobedience
Civil rights
police powers
Elite
Exit polls
Gender gap
Norm
voting age population
registered voters
national convention
plurality system
political machine
political party
National committee
527 organizations
blanket primary
caucus (electoral)
open primary
coattails
general election
gerrymandering
Incentive
purposive incentive
conservative coalition
discharge petition
majority leader
filibuster
ad hoc structure
bully pulpit
cabinet
circular structure
divided government
appropriation
bureaucracy
issue network
Elite
Legitimacy
Marxist view
Pluralist view
Inalienable/ Unalienable
Line-item veto
New Jersey Plan
Faction
Federalism
Federalists
Great Compromise
Habeas Corpus
Grants-in-aid
Initiative
Mandates
Necessary and proper clause
orthodox religion
political culture
political efficacy
freedom of expression
freedom of religion
free exercise clause
First Amendment
incorporation
equality of opportunity
equality of result
Jim Crow
suspect classification
political elites
political ideology
political socialization
poll
poll tax
Ideological Party
split ticket
straight ticket
superdelegates
two-party system
solidary incentive
incumbent
independent expenditures
malapportionment
soft money
political action committee
position issue
primary election
public-interest lobby
solidary incentive
joint committee
joint resolution
concurrent resolution
cloture
Electoral College
gridlock
impeachment
lame duck
legislative veto
laissez-faire
iron triangle
activist approach
Power elite view
Power
Representative democracy
Amendment
Antifederalists
Articles of Confederation
Great Compromise
Republic
Reserved Powers
Separation of Powers
Shays’s Rebellion
Virginia Plan
Nullification
Police power
Recall
Referendum
progressive religion
internal efficacy
external efficacy
libel
probable cause
search warrant
symbolic speech
wall of separation
reverse discrimination
separate but equal
De facto segregation
De jure segregation
public opinion
random sample
sampling error
literacy test
Grandfather clause
Congressional campaign committee
Critical or realignment period
Progressives
National chairman
Winner-take-all
proportional representation
prospective voting
retrospective voting
closed primary
BCRA
sophomore surge
valence issue
Ideological interest group
Material incentive
bicameral legislature
caucus
closed rule
conference committee
reconciliation
line-item veto
pocket veto
pyramid structure
unified government
veto message
discretionary authority
red tape
diversity cases
per curiam opinion
amicus curiae
political question
concurring opinion
constitutional court
court of appeals
dissenting opinion
district courts
interest-group politics
logrolling
entrepreneurial politics
fiscal policy
deficit
Keynesianism
supply side economics
military-industrial complex
isolationism
pollution allowances
dual sovereignty
class action suit
informa puaperis
judicial review
legislative court
litmus test
opinion of the Court
political agenda
pork barrel legislation
policy entrepreneurs
monetary policy
gross domestic policy (GDP)
entitlement
containment
human rights
bubble standard
Environmental Protection Agency
brief
remedy
sovereign immunity
standing
stare decisis
strict constructionist approach
writ of certiorari
client politics
majoritarian politics
budget
national debt
Reaganomics
monetarism
gold plating
disengagement
environmental impact statement
electioneering
FRQ Themes:
2000: US Constitution vs. Articles of Confederation, Supreme Court Powers, Campaign Finance Reform
2001: Informal and Formal changes to US Constitution, 14 th Amendment related to SC Cases
2002: Divided Government and Presidential power, Gov’t Benefits, Political Institutions and Federalism, Voter Turnout
2003: Presidential Approval Ratings, Bureaucracy, Political Participation Other than Voting, Congressional Committees
2004: Presidents and Congress with regards to Foreign Policy, Interest Group Techniques, Minor Parties, Trust and Confidence in
Government
2005: Independence of Judicial Branch, Power of Federal Gov’t over Power of States, US Constitution and SC Cases that Protect
Rights of Citizens, Congress and Campaign Finance Reform
2006: Goals of Political Parties, Social Security, Congressional and Presidential Power to Enact Federal Law, Bicameral System
in US Constitution
2007: Electoral College and Winner-Take-All System, First Amendment Rights tied to SC Cases, Conflicts between Congress and
US Presidents regarding War Powers, Federalism with Grants, Mandates, etc.
2008: Congressional Reapportionment and Redistricting, Congress and Presidential Power with regards to Domestic Policy, Fiscal
and Monetary Policy, 15th Amendment and Federalism
2009: Federalist #10 and Majority Rule, Voting Trends (Age, Education), House of Representative vs. Senate with regards to
Majority Party and Rules, Changing Influence of Media over time and across Ages