试题库（一套）
2008 年英语专业 06 级的期末考试试卷。
I. Below are some questions and statements with missing words, each followed by four possible
answers or fillers marked A, B, C and D. In some cases, only one choice is correct while in others
more than one should be chosen. Choose all the correct ones. (30 points, 2 points each)
1. The design features of language include ______.
A. arbitrariness
B. originality
C. creativity
D. distinguishability
2. A linguistic study is ______ if it describes and analyses facts observed.
A. prescriptive
B. synchronic
C. diachronic
D. descriptive
3. The sounds that are produced with no obstruction of the airstream at the vocal tract are known
as ______.
A. consonants
B. places of articulation
C. vowels
D. manners of articulation
4. [g] is a ______.
A. voiced bilabial stop
B. voiceless bilabial fricative
C. voiceless labiodental fricative
D. voiced velar stop
5. [ʊ] is a ______.
A. high back rounded vowel
B. high back unrounded vowel
C. high middle vowel
D. high back vowel
6. Which of the following is a broad transcription of the word rap?
A. [ræp]
B. [ɹæʔ]
C. [ræpʰ ]
D. [ɹæp ̚ ]
7. The basic unit of phonological analysis is the ______.
A. allophone
B. phoneme
C. sound
D. minimal pair
8. Look at the following examples:
i) the man went to the theater
ii) *man to the theater went the
It shows the importance of ______ in producing the acceptable utterance in a language.
A. word order B. substitutability C. co-occurrence D. constituents
9. Which of the following are instances of Case?
A. Animate
B. Accusative
C. Nominative
D. Dative
10. Which of the following are related to Noam Chomsky?
A. Generative Grammar.
B. Functional Grammar.
C. Extended Standard Theory.
D. The Minimalist Program.
11. Which of the following are related to M A K Halliday?
A. Transformational Grammar.
B. Functional Grammar.
C. Systemic Linguistics.
D. Theme and Rheme.
12. Which of the following are areas of sociolinguistics?
A. Variations.
B. Language planning
C. Register.
D. “Garden Path” sentences.
13. How to Do Things with Words was written by ______.
A. John Austin
B. William James
C. H. P. Grice
D. Stephen Levinson
14. The Cooperative Principle was formulated by ______.
A. John Austin
B. William James
C. H. P. Grice
D. Stephen Levinson
15. Which of the following contains a simile?
A. O, my luve is like a red, red rose
B. All the world’s a stage
C. And all the men and women merely players
D. Death lays his icy hand on kings
II. Define the following terms. (20 points, 5 points each)
1. displacement
2. the main principles of IPA
3. transformational rules
4. conversational implicature
III. Answer TWO of the following questions. (50 points, 25 points each)
1. Use examples from English and Chinese to discuss the concept of the syllable.
2. Discuss the Binding Theory in Generative Grammar.
3. Wolfram & Fasold (1974) gave the following comment on the concept of ‘standard language’:
If his reaction to the form (not the content) of the utterance is neutral and he can devote full
attention to the meaning, then the form is standard for him. If his attention is diverted from the
meaning of the utterance because it sounds ‘snooty’, then the utterance is super-standard. If his
attention is diverted from the message because the utterance sounds like poor English, then the
form is substandard.
Discuss how the following utterances comply with their ideas of standard, super-standard and
substandard language.
•
Am I not?
•
He ain’t got none.
•
May I leave now?
•
Most everyone says that.
•
It is I.
•
It was pretty awful.
•
Lay down, Fido!
•
He wanted to know whom we met.
•
Between you and I, …
•
I seen him.
•
Are you absolutely sure?
•
Who did you mention it to?
4. ‘Semantics concentrates on the meaning that comes from linguistic knowledge, while
pragmatics concentrates on those aspects of meaning that cannot be predicted by linguistic
knowledge alone and takes into account our knowledge about the physical and social world.’
Discuss whether semantic paraphrasing or pragmatic paraphrasing is involved in the following
conversations.
(1)
Mike:
What happened to that bowl of cream?
Annie:
Cats drink cream.
(2)
Mike:
That’s an interesting hat.
Annie:
What do you mean by that?
(3)
Parent:
Where are your shoes, young man?
Child:
Under my bed.
Parent:
When I asked where your shoes were, I wanted you to put them on.
(4)
Dave:
What did Macbeth mean when he said that life was a tale told by an idiot?
Sarah:
I guess he thought that life didn’t make any sense.
(5)
Steve:
Listen to this. “No animal bird or reptile shall be kept in the Flat or any other part of
the building without the prior written consent of the Lessor which (if given) shall be deemed to be
by way of licence revocable at will.”
Jane:
That just means tenants can’t have pets without the landlord’s written permission
and that even if he does give permission, he can take it back any time he wants to.
5. Analyze the style of the following poem by Michael Drayton.
Since there’s no help, come let us kiss and part;
Nay, I have done; you get no more of me;
And I am glad, yea, glad with all my heart
That thus so cleanly I myself can free;
Shake hands for ever, cancel all our vows,
And when we meet at any time again,
Be it not seen on either of our brows
That we one jot of former love retain.
Now at the last gasp of love’s latest breath
When, his pulse failing, passion speechless lies,
When faith is kneeling by his bed of death,
And innocence is closing up his eyes,
Now, if thou woulds’t, when all have given him o’er,
From death to life thou might’st him yet recover.
align: none">Parent:
Where are your shoes, young man?
Child:
Under my bed.
Parent:
When I asked where your shoes were, I wanted you to put them on.
(4)
Dave:
What did Macbeth mean when he said that life was a tale told by an idiot?
Sarah:
I guess he thought that life didn’t make any sense.
(5)
Steve:
Listen to this. “No animal bird or reptile shall be kept in the Flat or any other part of
the building without the prior written consent of the Lessor which (if given) shall be deemed to be
by way of licence revocable at will.”
Jane:
That just means tenants can’t have pets without the landlord’s written permission
and that even if he does give permission, he can take it back any time he wants to.