Six: Phonatory System
1. Be familiar with the anatomy of the laryngeal structure (p 117/118)
2. Know the difference between the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the larynx (do not memorize the muscles)
3. Study the myoelastic-aerodynamic theory of phonation
4. Study harmonic spacing
5. Do not spend time on jitter and shimmer…but know their definition
Eight
1. What are the major articulators for speech? (tongue, palate, soft palate, teeth, lips, alveolar ridge, mandible,
2. Velopharyngeal port (passage for nasal sounds)
3. What muscle(s) raise the soft palate (velum)
4. Know the names of the teeth
5. What is the pharynx
6. What is place of articulation (production) and what places of production are there?
7. What is manner of articulation (production) and what manners are there?
8. Be able to write the 25 consonant phonemes in 4 steps.
9. Be able to correctly identify the place and manner of production of the 25 consonant sounds
10. What is the vowel quadrilateral and how does the tongue position and F1 and F2 relate
11. What is the source-filter theory
12. Be able to locate the vowels on the vowel quadrilateral
13. What are glides and what phonemes are glides
14. What are liquids and what phonemes are liquids
15. What are stops and what phonemes are stops
16. What are approximates or semivowels and what phonemes are semivowels
17. What are fricatives? What are affricates? What are nasals? What are diphthongs
18. What is meant by coarticulation
19. What are segmentals
20. What are suprasegmentals and what are the components of suprasegmentals
21. Review the previous handout with respect to vowel formants, lip rounding, etc.
1. Tongue position and F1 are on the ______________ axis.
2. Tongue position and F2 are on the ______________ axis.
3. When the tongue position is back, the F2 frequency goes ____.
4. When the tongue position is forward, the F2 frequency goes ____.
5. When the tongue is up, the F1 frequency goes ____.
6. When the tongue is down, the F1 frequency goes ____.
7. What is the frequency range for F1 for vowels?
8. What is the frequency range for F2 for vowels?
9. Individuals that hear little above 1000 Hz will have difficulty hearing which formants?
10. Individuals that hear little above 2500 Hz will have difficulty hearing which formant.
11. Individuals who only hear below 1000 Hz will hear only which formant?
12. In order to correctly identify a vowel sound, how many formants are necessary to be audible?
13. List the back vowels ________________List the front vowels _________________________________
14. List the central vowels ______________List the high vowels _________________________________
15. List the low vowels ________________List the mid vowels __________________________________
16. List the high front vowels ___________List the high back vowels ______________________________
17. What lip shape occurs with front vowels?
18. What lip shape occurs with back vowels?
19. When an individual has a high freq, hearing loss, whose voice provides the most audible harmonics? (Gender)
20. How does lipreading help someone who has a high frequency hearing loss communicate better with
perception of vowels?
21. What is the difference acoustically between a tense and lax vowel?
22. What is the F1 ___, F2 ___ F3 ___ for males; for females; for a child
23. What is the source? What is the filter? How do we calculate F1, F2, F3? ¼ and ½ resonators?
24. What is the Fo?