Concession and Refutation
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A writer’s credibility depends on knowledge in the subject; so, to ignore the other side of the
controversial issue is dangerous. The concession/refutation first briefly recognized and then at
length argues against opposing viewpoints, perhaps by finding weaknesses within the opposing
reasons, facts, testimony, or logical development. In other words, it is the “yes…but” part of
the argument. “Yes” is the concession; “but” is the refutation.
Concession and refutation allow writers to grant validity to or acknowledge opposing views;
however, they must demonstrate that their claims are more valid.
Writers may choose to concede and refute within introductory paragraphs or throughout body
paragraphs as they introduce each new premise.
Sample Concession and Refutation
It may be true that fate causes Romeo’s premonition before he enters
the party hosted by his Capulet enemies, warning him of the danger to come.
However, the fact remains that Romeo makes the foolish decision to ignore
this intuition and continues on to the party anyway.
Although Juliet's plan to fake her dear was affected by circumstances of
chance outside of her control, it was her naïve decision to pursue that plan
regardless.
Romeo and Juliet's families have hated one another for centuries;
therefore, the two lovers appear to be have been destined to be apart.
However, it is the dishonest and careless decisions they make in an attempt
to hide their love that leads to their demise.