These answers were actually submitted by the overall winner, Paul Wallingford, from Los Angeles, and as they were so comprehensive, we decided to share them here…
1 Cockerell Sir Christopher Sydney Cockerell - Discovered that a cylindrical air column holds in air in the center with little loss thus making hovercraft feasible and efficient
2 Allen - Woody Allen - Plays the Clarinet (this was a tricky one)
3 Barnard - Christiaan Barnard - doctor to perform the first successful human heart transplant
4 Yagi - Hidetsugu Yagi along with Shintaro Uda - invented the Yagi-Uda radio antenna, also known just as the Yagi Antenna
5 Mohorovicic - Andrija Mohorovicic - studied seismic data and concluded the earth had inner layers of differing density
6 Halley - Edmond Halley - realized observations in history of multiple comets were actually the same comet; Halley's comet - with a period of
76 years - he never got to see it a second time to verify his calculations :-(
7 Lissajous - Jules Lissajous - investigated curves where x and y axis are sinusoidal and where specific ratios of periods and phase give rise to "lissajous figures"
8 Plimsoll - Samuel Plimsoll - invented the Plimsoll line on ships to determine how loaded a ship was with cargo, etc
9 Balmer - Johann Balmer - discovered Balmer lines or Balmer series - spectral emission lines of hydrogen
10 Starley - James Starley - invented the Hi-Wheel bicycle - also known as the penny farthing
(although his title as inventor of this device is contested)
11 Venturi - Venturi automobiles - the pictured one appears to be a modified America model
12 Reuleaux - Franz Reuleaux - known for Reuleaux polygons, most notably the pictured Reuleaux triangle
13 Penrose - Roger Penrose - studied non-periodic two dimensional tiling patterns which are named after him
14 Kekule - Friedrich Kekule - first to discover (realize) that C6H6, benzene, was a ring structure
15 Fibonacci - Leonardo of Pisa, known as Fibonacci - described in his book, Liber Abaci, a sequence of numbers, the Fibonacci sequence, that appears quite often in nature and mathematics
16 Torricelli - Evangelista Torricelli - discovered that fluid velocity out of a hole in a vessel is proportional to the distance between the surface of liquid in the vessel and the location of the hole
17 Kirlian - Semyon Kirlian - discovered that an electified object resting on a photographic plate produces an image on the plate, known as Kirlian photography
18 Vaaler - Johan Vaaler - sometimes incorrectly stated as the inventor of the paperclip - his version was not the first and his version was less functional than the current model
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19 Mobius - August Mobius - discovered the mobius strip which apparently has only one surface
20 Mach - Ernst Mach - studied shock waves and sound propagation - known for the speed of sound
Mach numbers
21 Wheatstone - Sir Charles Wheatstone - popularized the Wheatstone bridge electric circuit (pictured)
22 Laennec - Rene Laennec - invented the stethoscope
23 Djerassi - Carl Djerassi - contributed to the first oral contraceptive pill containing progestin norethisterone (norethisterone is pictured)
24 Fresnel - Augustin-Jean Fresnel - inventor of the Fresnel lens, first used in lighthouses
25 Edison - Thomas Edison - inventor of the light bulb
26 Franklin - Benjamin Franklin - invented the lightning rod
27 Mendel - Gregor Mendel - monk and geneticist who studied traits of many plants and animals, especially pea plants
28 Delboeuf - Franz Joseph Delboeuf - known for the Delboeuf illusion
(pictured)
29 Jenney - William Le Baron Jenney - first to design and build a completely steel framed building which weighed much less than stone or masonry and allowed it to be built much taller than other buildings - known as the father of modern skyscrapers
30 Otis - Elisha Otis - invented the safety brake for modern elevators making them feasible for skyscrapers - started the Otis elevator company
31 Couder - Andre Couder - developed Couder masks (pictured) which are used to determine the quality of spherical mirrors in a process invented by Leon Foucault
32 Erlenmeyer - Emil Erlenmeyer - invented the Erlenmeyer flask, a widely used piece of laboratory equipment
33 Wankel - Felix Wankel - invented the Wankel engine (pictured) which has a rotor based on a
Reuleaux triangle
34 Venn - John Venn - invented Venn diagrams for visualizing relationships of sets in mathematics
35 Pravas - Charles Gabriel Pravas - invented a practical metal syringe by replacing the then larger tube with a smaller sharp hollow needle that did not need an existing hole in the subject to inject
36 Cassegrain - Laurent Cassegrain - invented the reflecting telescope by using a concave mirror and a convex mirror
37 Glidden - Joseph Glidden - credited with the invention of barbed wire
38 Darwin - Charles Darwin - studied fossils (much of them in Africa at Olduvai Gorge) and determined that current species came from a common ancestor
39 Zu Chongzhi - Zu Chongzhi came up with an early and very accurate approximate of Pi as 355/117
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40 Rontgen - Wilhelm Rontgen - produced, detected and studied X-Rays
41 Lorenz - Konrad Lorenz - studied imprinting of newborn animals (ducklings)
42 Linnaeus - Carl Linnaeus - botanist - the Linnaeus flower clock is pictured
43 Pascal - Blaise Pascal - mathematician who devised Pascal's triangle
(pictured)
44 Lippes - Jack Lippes - designed the Lippes Loop - the first effective intra-uterine device (IUD) for birth control
45 Mozart - Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - musician - Piano Sonata Number 11 in A major, K331 is a sonata in three movements.
46 Liebig - Justus Baron von Liebig - popularized the Liebig condenser, a common piece of laboratory equipment
47 Hunt - Walter Hunt - invented the safety pin
48 Kepler - Johannes Kepler - studied planetary motion
49 Kilroy - "Kilroy was here" accompanied by a drawing (pictured) is a common graffiti started around
World War II. It's origin is not completely clear.
50 Immelmann - German flying ace Max Immelmann invented the Immelmann turn, which spawned an unrelated flying stunt maneuver called the Immelmann turn, which is simulated on roller coasters and also called the Immelmann turn.
51 Hering - Ewald Hering - discovered the Hering illusion (pictured)
52 Coriolis - Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis - described formulas for the apparent deflection of objects traveling straight over a moving circle or sphere, giving rise to the Coriolis effect, which is responsible for hurricanes (pictured)
53 Fuller - Buckminster Fuller - developed architectural designs, such as the geodesic dome (pictured)
54 Grignard - Victor Grignard - organic chemist who devised a method for generating carbon-carbon bonds using magnesium. The image pictures and a Grignard reagent - R is an alkyl or aryl group, Mg is magnesium and Br is a halide (other halides will work also)
55 Dollond - John Dollond - first person to patent the achromatic doublet; two lenses, one concave and one convex, that combine to reduce achromatic aberration, which due to the prism (rainbow) effect
56 Armstrong - Edwin Howard Armstrong - invented radio frequency modulation (FM)
57 Borromeo - Borromeo rings named for the Borromeo family in Italy who used them on their coat of arms. Borromeo rings are interlinked, but if any one ring is removed, the other two will separate also.
58 Ponzo - Mario Ponzo - first demonstrated the Ponzo illusion
(pictured) which involves size interpretation based on surrounding visual cues
59 Tull - Jethro Tull - Farmer who invented the seed drill which automatically plants seeds in straight rows making it much easier to both plant and harvest crops
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60 Thales - Thales' theorem named for Thales of Miletus pertains to right triangles inscribed in a circle
61 Mandelbrot - Benoit Mandelbrot - The Mandelbrot set (pictured) is a set of complex numbers (real and imaginary parts). Starting with 0, a new value is obtained by squaring the current value and adding the value of the complex number - over and over again. The value will either stay finite within a certain range, or go to infinity. The numbers that stay finite are the inner ones (colored black) and are part of the Mandelbrot set. The ones which go to infinity are not part of the Mandelbrot set and are colored based on how fast they go to infinity. The outer numbers exhibit fractal properties (existence in non integer dimensions).
62 Rorschach - Hermann Rorschach - developed the Rorschach inkblot test which was a widely used test for a subject's personality characteristics and psychological state
63 Montgolfier - Joseph-Michel Mongolfier and Jacques-Étienne Montgolfier were the inventors of the
Mongolfier style hot air balloon and were the first with a manned ascent (Jacques-Etienne was in the balloon)
64 Serpinski - Waclaw Serpinski - a mathematician who studied fractal shapes and surfaces. The
Serpinski triangle is pictured, which has a total area of 0 and exists in approximately 1.5 dimensions
(somewhere between a plane and a line)
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