LIST OF CELL PARTS AND FUNCTION
Cell Wall : provides shape and
support for plants (rigid)  Fence
Cell Membrane : movement in and
out; controls what enters and leaves
 Gate
Cytoplasm : gel-like fluid 
Environment (Atmosphere)
Nucleus : control center; directs cell
activities; contains DNA  Brain
(Computer)
Mitochondria : produce most of the
energy (power)  Powerhouse
Chloroplasts : photosynthesis;
captures energy in sunlight  Farm
PROKARYOTE : cell without a nucleus  Bacteria
EUKARYOTE : cell with a nucleus  Plant and
Animal
PRODUCER : an organism that makes its own food
 Plants
CONSUMER : cannot make its own food  Animals
ALL CELLS HAVE - - CELL MEMBRANE, CYTOPLASM, & DNA !!!
CHPTR 4 – THE CELL IN ACTION (Pg. 90)
Big Idea : Cells carry out important life
functions including taking in nutrients
and releasing materials, obtaining
energy, and growing.
I.
Exchange with the Environment
A. What is diffusion? The movement of
particles from high to low density.
1. Diffusion of Water
2. The Cell and Osmosis --- The diffusion of
water through a semipermeable
membrane.
B. Moving Small Particles
1. Passive Transport --- The movement of
subst. across a cell membrane w/o the
use of energy by the cell.
2. Active Transport --- Requires the cell to
use energy.
C. Moving Large Particles
1. Endocytosis --- A cell membrane
surrounds a particle and encloses the
particle in a vesicle to bring the particle
into the cell.
2. Exocytosis --- A cell releases a particle …
II. Cell Energy
A. From Sun to Cell: Photosynthesis --- The
process by which plants, algae, and some
bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and
water to make food.
B. Getting Energy from Food: Cellular
Respiration --- The process by which cells
use oxygen to produce energy from food.
C. Fermentation --- The breakdown of food
without the use of oxygen.
III. The Cell Cycle
A. The Life of a Cell: Chromosome --Structures in the nucleus that are made
up of DNA and protein.
B. Mitosis --- A process of cell division that
forms two new nuclei with the same
number of chromosomes.
1. Interphase – Chromosomes are copied &
each becomes two chromatids.
2. Prophase – Chromosomes condense into
rodlike structures.
3. Metaphase – Paired chromatids align at
the cell’s equator (center).
4. Anaphase – The chromatids separate
and move to opposite sides of the cell.
5. Telophase – A nuclear membrane forms
around each set of chromosomes, and
the chromosomes unwind.
6. Cytokinesis – The cytoplasm divides and
the cell pinches in two.